SAMSARA,VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=THICH CHAN TANH.

A.  Introduction.

Reincarnation  is  a  very  lively  and  caring body  for  humans . Where will the dead go? Why born, then reborn? Is there a realm or not? etc .. Those are question marks  floating  in the hearts of most of  humanity . The background  of belief  and  religion  in the  world  are these  concepts  differ in  reincarnation . As for  Buddhism ,  reincarnation  is not a   particular teaching , nor is it a  philosophical problem  Basic, but it is a  fact  obvious  to those  people  still being  damnation  in  samsara  suffering. Therefore, in the  scriptures  of both the  Southern  and Tonkatic organs suggests  or  mentions  problems of  reincarnation , as a  smooth phenomenon   of  successive lives  . Especially  in the Deity ( Little Sutras ) recorded precursor stories   of  the Buddha , as a powerful testimony to the life of  reincarnation. of the  great Bodhisattva .

B. Content

I. Definition:

Samsara , Sanskrit is samsàra, meaning  reincarnation , transition, the  continuous progression   of lives; and  that continuous reincarnation  , often  denoted  by the wheel (cakka) and called the wheel of  samsara  (samsaracakka): 

We  can  imagine the  wheel of  reincarnation  as a " biochemical  -chemical circle  " of the  life  of all  beings . On the circle was no starting point and no points  finish , and wheels that keep spinning forever  in the  damnation  of  samsara  suffering  until  when  people  practice  and  achieve  liberation  paramount . The Buddha  taught:

"Long Night for those who wake
Long distance for those tired Reincarnation  long for fools not know  leg magic  method"

II. Reincarnation content  :

After mastering directing root  bodhi , one of the  manifesto  (paean) first  Buddha  was taken up between the lines for the content  of liberation  within  samsara  -  damnation , was recorded in the  scriptures  as follows:

In the heart of  the living dead  endless
I go forever stopped
from  fetus  to  fetus  others
Chasing homeowner
( within  samsara )
Homeowners! We have grasped thee
thou not take a back
column broken off rafter
roof, beam collapsed
Tam leave all artifacts
All were  eradicated  finished
( liberation  from the cycle of  reincarnation ). ( Syntax  - 153-154)

1.  Reincarnation  -  rebirth :

Through  the  above sutta ,  we  clearly see that  the Buddha  has identified  the truth  about  samsara  specifically  through  the image of  rebirth  (from  fetus  to  fetus  ). Rebirth  (Reincarnation) is  again  a lifetime of  new life or higher, or lower than, or the same in the  six paths  (sun, people,  asuras ,  hell , succumb quy3,  animals ) after  ending  a life cycle (life cycles), or stork called  lifespan is over - dead.

Usually, when it comes to  reincarnation  -  rebirth ,  Buddhism  often refers to two basic concepts of  samsara , which are:

a. The cycle  of birth and death  of each  moment

b. The cycle  of birth and death  of  a life  lived

- The cycle  of birth and death  of each  moment , because it happened so quickly as birth and loss of a lane shutters (electric shutters) that  terms  of Buddhism  called "concept conception - birth and death" (su5  birth death  occurs in each  concept ), so  the matter  is discussed only on a higher level, such as in  meditation , or  realms  of  consciousness,  etc.

- Regarding the life-and-death cycle   of  a life  , due  to  the limited character  of a life cycle, it means that it can  be recognized  through four stages: birth, old age, sickness, death and / or  birth  (birth),  existence at  (office),  transformation  (allergic) and  decay  (killing) of a  sentient , this cycle should  become a  topic  central  to  the study  of reincarnation-regeneration.

According to  opinion  of  Buddhism , all creatures  living beings  subjected to  govern  the  law  of impermanence . For  man ,  impermanence  is the manifestation of birth, old age, sickness, and death of each life, and for each life like that it is  limited  by the two factors of birth and death. However , birth and death are just the beginning and  completion  of a cycle. So, when this body is destroyed, what will  continue to be  reborn  - the beginning of a new life? This is the  key  to  learning  about  reincarnation.

The central sutra   (Majjhima Nikaya - 135),  the Buddha  taught that: "Man is the owner of karma, is an inheritor of karma, is a  relative  of karma; karma is the womb in which  man  is born".

From the above teaching,  we  see that karma is always present in the presence of a  human being . And when they die, the  body  physically  is tan havoc, even now still  continue  drifting stream roll  damnation  of it (or  karma or  karma ). But now is not the  soul  immortal  to connect lifetimes, because  itself  it is  selfless . However , the  very karma  is the basis, the central point  , through which the cycle of  samsara  revolves. So, what is karma?

Karma is  volitional action, or action arising  from the mind ; and through the actions of body, mouth, and mind, karma is formed. Speaking of karma is speaking of  good and evil  in  causality ; and in that relationship, the main motive for  constructing  kamma is greed, hatred, delusion ( bad karma ) and vice versa is not greed, no hatred, no delusion ( good karma ).

From here,  we  clearly see that our  psychology  is the basis for creating each person's karma. Man  is the one who  decides  his own karma - the  karma  he creates. And also the  man  who  single  can  liberate  all  the karma  of his going out of the  reincarnation  reborn .

2. Karma and  rebirth :

In  Buddhism , karma is presented in many categories, but the basic karma is  body karma ,  speech  and  karma . In terms  of nature , karma is classified into four categories as follows:

a. Pole industrial importance  (weighty karma):  Industrial heavy as to kill  the parents , etc .. murderer

b. Habitual karma: karma is  formed by  habit .

c. Cumulative  Industry (strored up karma):  Industry by  accumulate  from daily life.

d. Near-  death karma (death-proximate karma): karma is  about to die.

As mentioned,  during the  round  shootout  of  life and death ,  life and death , from  life  to  life  another, now always play  the role  the center  of the  rotation . However , in the field of  regeneration  (Reincarnation), is  near death now  is the most important kienn  influence  directly to the  regeneration . Near-death karma , in a certain sense, can be said to be the result that is condensed  throughout the  life  of a  human life.; simultaneously , it is also the line  now form  a strong  one, wake  push  the consciousness  of  people  before, during or  after death  seek  a  rebirth .

Normally, when making money,  people  do good or do evil, those actions (of body, speech) are saved in the  Consciousness  (Alaya) as  seeds  are sown and lying in the ground,  giving until  dying or dying, the  body  and the faculties are no longer  active , then only  consciousness is  active . however ,  the mind  then is not the  mind  in  state  calm,  autonomy ,  flexibility  etc., but  left  it to fall into  state unconsciousness,  lethargy , panic, blasphemy ... And at that moment, all human creations  , either good or evil (also known as  good  or  bad karma ), from past alive) would constitute line  now form  contains  the force  powerful to  urge  the consciousness  of  people  seeking giioi landscape  regeneration . Need to  note  that the practices,  habits , especially the luye1n craving,  clinging  when alive will  impact  significantly on  access to e-business . Therefore, if living peaceful  is also peaceful death  . Living, suffering from greed, hatred, and delusion, of course death also suffers. For life and death appear only   in one process, such as awake and sleep. Therefore , in order to have  liberation , right here and now, it is  necessary to  always focus on pure detachment  , eliminating all craving and  clinging . Saint  said: "The world is like a boat, go on it, not carry ...".

From a few  details  above,  we  see that life and che61t of  people  have been  peaceful  or not is  dependent  on the  stream of consciousness  of each  individual . After  lifespan  has expired - dead, the body will melt damage, but lines  now form  ( consciousness ) will  continue  to go into  the  life of  a new six realms: heaven, humans,  asuras  ,  hell ,  hungry ghosts  and  animals ,  depending on  the  good  karmaunwholesome .

3.  Karma  - birth and  rebirth :

According to Business  Central  (Volume I), the  appearance  of the  man  always meets three  conditions : a. Parents  have a match; b. The mother can conceive; and c. There must be  karma . Without the  presence of  karma  , the  fetus  cannot live.

About  karmic  (Karmic consciousness), also known as  incense warm , or birth Kiết formula (Gandhabha). When  conditions  met and by now  way feel  that fetters born formula  goes to  pregnant mothers; at that time, Kiết born wake feeling like the "idea scared me; of  a lifetime of  new life.  Until  he died, also line  now official  that  promote  the search  regeneration , should be called" now led regeneration " .  actually , both the birth and  rebirth  are based on the current  operation  of the  now official . and from birth until  regeneration  ( after death ),  during  the process,  the life  of  an organism  can be formed over the structure of the 12  's charm :  ignorance  - charming act,  act charming  informal, informal charm  and matter ,  and matter  coast  continent enter ,  continental enter  coastal exposure, emotional life grace, charm loving life,  loving grace  prime, prime coastal property,  fortunate  birth, birth conditions aging, death, sorrow, lamentation, pain, grief brain ... (about the ngghia of the Twelve  Causes and Conditions , the following will be  virtuous  . Thus, 12 predestined  is the  existence  of  humans . And in the 12 conditions  and conditions , the  components of  ignorance , formations , consciousness and nama are the  factors  of karmic  rebirth .

4.  Notions  of death and  the intermediate state body :

In referring to the dead Nikàya  specifically  as follows: the first is dead  physical body  annihilated , two are dead because  life span  has expired, and therefore in life has expired now. Besides, there are also  cases of  sudden death (any sudden death, not the time to die). In general, death is  seen as  the  physical body  (body) was  eradicated .

Another  problem  is the  intermediate state . According to some doctrines of the  East paint sets ,  the amount of  of  Friends of  that,  after death  and before  rebirth , OO between that  intermediate  ( intermediate ). The time  of this body is the time to prepare for  rebirth , it lasts no more than 49 days (according to  Iron Man ). Maybe due to  the influence  of not being too mindful of this, there is the custom of worshiping - losing weekly (7 x 7 = 49 days).

However , according Nikàya and  Agama  , the word "death care"  to  "fetters mentality" takes place  within  one to two  moments  (snap), so no need to have  intermediate  ( center-right ).

In fact, according to the written  statement ,  intermediate  as well as a body  of subtle  ( pure color  itself), a  realm  in  untold  world ; and of course it is also  impermanent , variation, also  Samsara  birth and death . Therefore, there is nothing  contradictory  between the "center-mail" and "visceral mentality" in Nikàya with  views  with or without  perspective  physical body  intermediate . Because,  the  49-day period for a body-consciousness is of  course  nothing  unreasonable when on earth there are the   longest lives for  only  a few days, like mosquitoes etc.

5. To have a peaceful death   -  peace :

This is the  problem  critical  of  people , as mentioned, as well as knowledge of life and death and sleep, that's all. We should  not be  too concerned   about death, because everyone dies. But what is  more interesting  is how to live and live so that you can die in  peace . For that reason,  Buddhists need to  keep  their spirituality clean , do nothing to cause suffering for themselves and others, especially to always  be aware  that  life  is  impermanent , "this world. It's a bridge, go over it, don't build a house on it. "   Until  the mind is  pure ,  peaceful , free from regrets, no longer  clinging to  anything, despite  your career fortune  , even though your wife is beautiful and good, and so on, then your death will be board the boat to cross the river,  free  all suffering, die in  blissful peace . The Buddha  taught: 

"Leaving  the past ,  present  and  future
To the other side of  Italian life  freeing all Do n't be bothered by birth, old age, sickness, death"

C.  Conclusion :

Learning  about  reincarnation  is to live a  peaceful and  free life . We are  not trying to find  reincarnation , because  samsara  is  flowing  right on the body of each  person , like circulating blood  . The most suffering of the world is the  desire  and grasp of "my" objects and of "what I like, I love". You can gradually  let go of  that  desire  and grasping mentality  , but if one day ... when  impermanence  comes, death comes to ask you then  immediately  turn your attention to the renounce  everything, the no  attachment to  all, the  tranquility  of peace ,  mindfulness and  awareness ; because that  conditions  at  necessary  for the  regeneration  into  a life  lived  well  and higher. And to do that right now and here,  practice  thinking  about  impermanence  -  no-self .

"Do I have left anything? Look, there are rocks, sand and alluvial rivers, wandering from the   mountains of samsara to the distant past ..."END=NAM MO SHAKYAMUNI BUDDHA,( 3 TIMES ).GOLDEN AMITABHA MONASTERY=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=THICH CHAN TANH.AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.13/10/2020.