The meaning of Buddha's seal - Buddha mudrā.VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=THICH CHAN TANH.
The meaning of Buddha's seal - Buddha mudrā
As we have introduced about the origin of the Buddha image in order to better understand the formation and development of the Buddha image arts schools “the development of Buddha image art has developed over the two times. Main period: - Non-idolatrous period around the 5th - I century BC; - The statue period of the first century BC - today. The period of the most brilliant development of Buddha's image art was the period of sacred statues, especially the development of the Buddhist art system, which made a spectacular breakthrough in Buddhist art, most notably. Buddha images carved in Ajanta and Ellora caves, Dunhuang cave area (China) and Southeast Asia ” [1]
In this article we will introduce the meaning of the Buddhist scriptures (Muddà), which are mainly Theravada Buddhism which is Sri Lanka, Burma, Laos, Cambodia, and Thailand and are used in the statues of worship even developed Buddhist schools also use these basic seals to create the image of the deity.
From Mudda or mudra is used in Buddhism and Hinduism, original meaning is a sign, a seal or stamp, can sign expressed through movement the body, usually the gesture of the hand , (stamp, seal , countting on fingers) [2] or more precisely the position and posture of the hand and finger .
Thus the word Mudra (muddà) has been used as a symbol of the postures of Buddhism and Hinduism in the Indian cultural tradition, “such as the gesture of greeting Namaste (Namas + te, Devanagari : नमस् + ते = नमस्ते) ” [3] and the terracotta statues unearthed by archaeologists date from 3000 - 2000 BC in this pose [4] , and some of the main seals are the postures of the body. , on hand as One hundred and eight (108) mudra is used in the ritual of Tantra ( Tantra ) regularly.
In the research scope of this article we will introduce 25 mudda of buddha in dailly life, we can roughly understand that the main postures of Buddha are used in daily life and vividly depicts the image of the Buddha, here merely the postures of the Buddha (according to the Theravada Buddhist tradition) [5] in everyday life, not meant to be used in capturing (108 seals) in the Tantra rite.
1. Abhaya Mudrā.
Abhaya: means without fear
The posture of this seal is right hand brought up to chest level, palms facing outward, fingers straight up, the other hand going down in a meditative position (for sitting subjects) left hand outstretched facing the ground (for standing subjects).
There are many different interpretations of the meaning and origin of this seal, according to the history of the Buddha's life, such facts as the Buddha surrendered to the drunken elephant Nālāgiri, when Devadatta (Devadatta) The plot to harm Him, or He stands with both hands following the seal of Fearless, is based on the legend that he returned from Tavatimsa to Earth after 3 months of teaching Abhidhamma. There is a document explaining that it is to indicate that He prevented the plague, famine and war from happening in Vesāli (Comment of Ratana Sutta, Sutta of the Treasures). There are documents explaining that it is based on the story that he reconciled, preventing a war between two neighboring countries (Sakya and Koliya tribes) that dispute over the use of water in the Rohini River.
2. Saddassana Mudra (Ten Seal of Seal)
This position with right hand turned out of thumb and index finger touching, left palm facing outwards and slightly downward for index finger and thumb extending, remaining fingers slightly bent.
The Cross means the practice of practicing to reach the attainment of liberation (pāramī), or translated as unique revelation (the practice to the other shore, the shore of liberation) includes:
1) Dānaṃ: For giving, is to bring wealth or Buddha Dharma to sentient beings.
2) Slaṃ: Morality, is not breaking the Buddha's law that forbids or keeps the body and speech clean.
3) Nekkhammaṃ: renunciation, is the search for noble morality or leave your wife and children, wealth and go to practice.
4) Paññā: Wisdom, which is the mastery of all dhammas.
5) Viriyaṃ: Diligence, is a heart that tries to cultivate hard to come.
6) Khantī: Patience is to endure humiliations.
7) Saccaṃ: Truth, is the evil space, false.
8) Ādhitthānaṃ: Decision, is one that does not change the will.
9) Mettā: Charity, gentleness, kindness, may all species be happy.
10) Upekkhā: Discharge, is not happy, not sad, indifferent not to notice, has an equal mind.
3. Dukkhasacca mudra (suffering the emperor's seal)
This position with the right hand facing down, the middle finger of the right hand touching and the middle finger of the left hand, the palm of the left hand facing out, the fingers pointing up.
In order to explain the meaning of this seal, in the life of the Buddha after becoming enlightened under the bodhi tree, he went to the Deer Park garden of Isipatana, near Benares (present-day Baranasi) and gave a lecture on the Zhuan Dharma. Rotation (Dhammcakkappavattana sutta) on the Four Noble Truths (suffering, practice, cessation and truth)
Suffering is the beginning of the Zhuan Falun sutta and what is the truth about suffering, leaving a loved one is suffering, wanting but not being suffering, in short, sleeping body aggregates is suffering ” [6] , this is the first discourse taught by the Buddha after he attained enlightenment.
4. Addhacandra mudra (Three Noble Phantasms)
This seal refers to the three throne of the Buddha, Dhamma and the Sangha and the importance of the masses related to the fact that Maitreya Gotami offered him medicine to the Buddha but he did not accept it, he told him to take refuge. make offerings to the monks in order to be fully blessed.
5. Patahattha mudra (Tri-Dawn Mantra)
This seal places two hands on top of each other, right hand on left hand, two hands stretched out to lift the bowl.
In the daily activities of the Buddha divided into five times that are morning, noon, first watch, middle watch and last watch.
That morning was the time when he pacified the fortunate and fortunate people and received real life.
This is the posture of pacifism that sculptors use to describe his daily life.
6. Dhammacakka mudra (Zhuan Falun hand seal)
After the Bodhisattva attained enlightenment at the Bodhi tree, he traveled to the Deer Park of Isipatana, near Benares (present-day Baranasi) and explained the Dhammcakkappavattana sutta (Dhammcakkappavattana sutta) and this was the first discourse given by Germany. Buddha preached in his life of 45 years of teaching this discourse was taught to the five Kieu Tran Nhu (Aññakoṇḍañña).
In this posture, both thumb and forefinger are bent, touching each other, forming a circle. Arms folded and brought up about chest level. Right palm rotates forward, upright, left palm facing outward, horizontal, or tilted. The remaining fingers of the left hand lightly touch the palm of the right hand.
7. Varada mudra (Prayer for the seal)
The voluntary seal is also called the Voluntary Vow Seal or the Great Testament. Willing is allowed to be satisfied, palms facing forward, hands pointing down. If in the statue of Buddha Shakyamuni, it is a manifestation called the deity (see the seal of geography) to prove Buddhahood. In another form, the index finger and thumb touch each other in a circle. Fearless seal and volunteer seal are often presented in a picture. Often the hand to press the face of fearlessness, the left hand presses volunteer. Standing statues of Buddhas often have these two seals.
8. Karana mudra (Away from the Evil Karma seal)
This seal is both the left and right palms facing outwards, the index fingers and thumbs of both hands touching, hands facing up.
9. Tinakirana mudra (the Eightfold Patriarch of the Tri-Tri-Seal)
This seal has the palms facing upwards, the two thumbs facing the ground and the remaining 8 fingers curled to represent the eight paths of enlightenment that are Right Understanding, Right Thought, Right Speech, Right Action, Right Livelihood. , Right diligence, Mindfulness and Right concentration.
10. Vyākhyāna Mudrā (Church of Buddhism)
The posture of this seal is the palm of the hand facing forward, usually in the right hand, at chest level. The thumb and index finger touch each other in a circle, the other fingers pointing up. Arms bent at elbows and wrists.
The Seal of Dharma, also known as the culture of the seal, is often found in the statues with sitting posture.
11. Sihakanna mudra (Tinh attack force seal)
The pose of this seal is the right palm facing the ground, the thumb and index finger touching each other with the remaining fingers facing the ground, the left hand outstretched and the palm facing upwards.
12. Katakakattha mudra (Liberation seal)
This posture is that the right hand is facing up on the palm of the hand facing out of the thumb and touching the index finger, and the remaining four fingers are bent into the palm of the hand.
13. Padumatattha mudra (Padmasambhava)
This seal is popular in the image of the Buddha sitting half-lotus or half-lotus, the right hand facing up on the palm facing outwards, the index finger, thumb and middle finger curled to support the lotus petals, the remaining fingers. also slightly curved, with the lotus symbolizing for enlightenment, tranquility and no muddy afflictions.
14 Attha dhamma mudra
The Noble Eightfold Path is holding the seal with the outward posture or palms, the two thumbs curled and all the remaining eight fingers straight and upward to indicate the eight paths to enlightenment.
15. Samābhita mudra (Meditation of the seals)
Image with the posture of the Buddha sitting in meditation, legs crossed in the semi-old or cross-legged style, hands on thighs, on back, right hand on left hand (sometimes, left hand on right hand ). The two thumb tips touch each other lightly, or let parallel alternating.
It can be said that this is the most popular image and hand seal in the Buddhist tradition of the Southern Buddha and is the most popular hand seal.
16. Dāna mudra (Almsgiving)
This seal is depicted by the sculptors in the form of the palms facing out, the fingers falling towards the ground, as a sign of letting go.
17. Tripattakahattha mudra (Ten Designating the seal
This seal is depicted as the right palm facing out of the ring and the middle finger touching the thumb, the left palm pointing inward in the index finger and the thumb touching each other as if indicating the cross deeds. He practiced for countless eons.
18. Ñàna mudra (Nhat Thiet Race Tri hand seal)
This posture of seal represents the Buddha's use of wisdom with his right palm facing out of the index finger and his thumb touching each other, the remaining fingers pointing up, the left palm pointing inward. The index and thumb of the right hand are slightly touching the little finger of the left hand.
19. Canda mudra (Conservative French Flavor)
This is a hand seal combined with the image of the Buddha sitting in the semi-old or cross-legged position and preaching. Up, left palm facing up, left hand stretched along leg in semi or cross legged position
20. Mahā karunà mudra (Great compassion seal)
This is the seal of the Buddha using the four immeasurable minds, in which the great compassion is expressed through the right hand placed across the chest, the palm of the hand pointing inward and the finger pointing slightly upwards, the left palm pointing upwards. Upwards, left hand stretched along the leg in semi-old or full lotus position, in the middle feels like a space to express great compassion.
21. Vinayahattha mudra (Xien Duong's seal)
In this seal, the right palm is facing upwards on the index finger pointing outward, the thumb is straight and the other three fingers are slightly curved inwards, the left palm is facing up, the left hand is stretched along the leg in the semi-old position. or cross-legged.
22. Byākhyāna mudra (Preaching hand seal)
Preaching the seal with the palm facing out of the middle finger touching the thumb with the ring finger and the little finger pointing upwards, this is a picture depicting the Buddhist precepts and preaching to the disciples.
23. Uttarabodhi mudra (Supreme Bodhidharma)
Press the seal with the right palm facing out, left palm facing inward, the thumb and index finger of the right hand lightly touching the middle finger of the right hand.
24. Prātihāriya mudra (Sanh and Kill Tue-san)
The Sanhedrin with the right fingers covers the left fingers, the palm facing inward, and the left fingers pointing up, to represent the Buddha's indication of insight in various levels of meditation.
25. Emotional Thang Ma Vuong seal (Maravijaya Mudra) also known as Emotional Land seal (Bhūmisparśa Mudra)
In this seal, the Buddha sits cross-legged or semi-old, with his left hand in the Zen seal. Right hand stretched down, palms turned inward, palms back out, fingers pointing to the ground. This seal is found very popular in carving Buddha images.
This seal is based on the legend recorded in the Buddhist Commentary. When the Bodhisattva sat in meditation on the full moon of Vesak month, the Maou (Māra) appeared to harass him. The Maou intended to kick Him out of his seat under the bodhi tree and asked: "Who are the witnesses to know that this seat is yours?" Buddha from a meditative posture, placed his right hand on the ground and declared: "This earth is a witness, witnessed through many lives, I have perfected the Ba-la-tantra, the Three Precepts. -la-honey, and other ba-la-honey. " At that moment, the earth shook, with sound resounding throughout the universe. The Demon King trembled, failed, and retreated.
Above are the 25 seals used very popularly on the Buddha image, the combination of the seals is a wonderful combination between culture and art, the artists have blown the Buddha's soul into the Buddha image for us. living feeling, like reviving his image, depicting daily activities, like reenacting a living Buddha, promoting fertility. That is also what the writer was concerned about when he encountered some place where Shakyamuni Buddha's stance postures could not be understood. Hopefully, through this article, we will have a better understanding of the Buddha image.END=NAM MO SHAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).PRAYED AMITABHA MONASTERY=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=THICH CHAN TANH.AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.12/11/2020.
No comments:
Post a Comment