Buddhist ethics through the five precepts.VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=THE WOMEN OF THE SAKYA CLAN CHAN TANH. 0 Who is Princess Phuong Dung? Morality today is different from that of the past. From the place of meditation, to the wider social life, it seems that the issue of "Ethics" has always been a common concern of mankind... Moreover, due to the influence of the civilized age, the ethical problem has become even worse. serious level. Perhaps understanding the pain and suffering of human life, the Buddha's teachings were born, always practical in life, he just declared that: "Bhikkhus, past and present, I just speaks of suffering and the cessation of suffering” (1) . The truth of the Buddha is not pessimism or despair, instead, it points out the causes of suffering that people are suffering from, and then finds a method to eliminate suffering. The concept of morality 1. Western Philosopher's View While Aristoste made the point that: "The direct goal of man is not beauty or beauty, but happiness. Happiness is the complete and full development of a person's virtues…happiness is synonymous with morality”(2). Socrates states that practical ethics is independent of religion or theology: "A practical ethics cannot be based on a vague doctrine, we can build a morality that is completely independent theologically, fully suitable for religious as well as non-religious people, society can be stabilized without theology”(3). Besides, according to McGraw Hill Book, the definition: “Ethics is the study of evaluating human good and evil actions expressed through body, words, and mind, and performed by reason, situation and will. ”(4). Buddhist point of view The Buddha said: "Travel, for the happiness of the sentient beings, for the welfare of the sentient beings, out of compassion for the world, for the benefit, for the happiness, for the welfare of gods and humans." 5) , with Buddhism, the responsibility of the Sangha is to teach the truth of the Buddha for the benefit and happiness of all sentient beings. Also following the spirit of Buddhism, Most Venerable Thich Minh Chau commented: "Buddhist ethics is a way of life that brings peace and happiness to all species… that lifestyle must be practiced, not ritualized. worship, beg” (6). According to the Institute of Social Sciences: “Ethics is a form of social consciousness that includes: Social principles, rules and standards by which people voluntarily adjust their behavior to suit their interests and happiness. and social progress in the relationship between people” (7). The writer gives many views "concept of morality", to see that morality plays a key role and an important position in society. If an individual knows how to apply the five precepts to his daily life, he will have established a peaceful and happy life as the points mentioned above. The writer concludes by saying: "If middle and low are the colored thread running through the philosophical thought of Confucius, then happiness and peace are the core and constant constant of Buddhist ethics" 8) Buddhist Ethics through the Five Precepts Five ethical things for individuals and society 1. Five ethical things for individuals An individual who lives and practices the five principles of life will create a virtuous person. In the field of ethics, “virtue” or “conduct” is used in two different senses: (a) virtue is the quality of an individual; (b) virtue or conduct is also the habit of behaving in proportion to an individual's qualities or inclinations. There are three kinds of qualities First: Qualities of integrity, uprightness. This quality includes the habit of performing duties and the qualities of the individual that lead to action. Second: Qualities due to circumstances. This type is necessary for virtuous individuals, however, it is also found in bad individuals. It may tend to increase the weakness of the bad guy. Third: The quality of generosity or generosity. This type is mostly sentimental and often adds something seriously indefinable to deeds that may be true in other respects, but is the essence of beauty or moral value. inner virtue. Of these three, the virtue of integrity is the most important in the moral life. The two virtues (circumstances) and (generosity) are emotional in nature. So people with integrity are less likely to be accepted by the majority. However, we should also practice this quality, which is a true virtue, dare to say dare to do. There are two other emotional qualities, which are the same for almost everyone, the nature of sentient beings to like what is pleasant and sweet, and to hate what is unpopular. 2. Five ethical things for society Each individual cannot exist independently by itself, but those factors are called predestined by many components, to create a collective community in society. However, in society is a collection of individual factors, when an individual is morally perfect, society will be good. But the individual is none other than us to improve ourselves, so: “No other individual can save, improve us, only we can improve us. When each of us individually has improved, has improved ourselves, of course our family, our school, our society, our nation, will also be improved. Good individual times good society, good society good individual times. There really is no boundary between the individual and the society”(9) Therefore, Buddhist ethics brings each individual to complete ethical standards, and each individual practices according to the five Buddhist ethical principles that create a sustainable society. It can be seen that, Buddhist ethics are like a thread, behaviors, consciousness and standards are like flowers, to deeply combine to create a beautiful wreath, creating an ideal model. Application of Buddhist Ethics We see that in social life, business is inevitable. However, today there is a situation of loss of morality, for one's own profit, without paying attention to the health of others such as, chemically impregnating vegetables, tubers and fruits; or injected with drugs that expand the meat of animals… countless numbers. That is we are deceiving the users, against the ethics. Typically speaking like that, to see that, for that matter, the authorities also condemn and punish for breaking the law. Or in recent times, the whole world has suffered from the covid 19 epidemic. Therefore, the writer gives each gender related to covid 19 to clearly see the role of precepts - ethics. The first is "the precept to kill"-in the recent epidemic, which spread in the community, causing many deaths. The writer gives two cases, although both are in contact with sick people, there are infected people and uninfected people. If medically explained, it is said that because the other person's resistance is higher, the disease is not penetrated. However, according to Buddhism, it is also due to the karma of each person created in the past life. The Buddha taught in the Sutra "Small Karma Discrimination - No. 35", the reason why sentient beings were born in places subject to wars, killings, or epidemics, is because in many past lives, that sentient being has The brain harms sentient beings in many forms such as sticks, or weapons... Therefore, the first ethical precept, if anyone lives and practices according to the Buddha's teachings, will not lead to suffering for the present. Second, "thieves" - in the difficult time of the epidemic, the demand for masks is extremely necessary for the community, but there are some components, because of taking advantage of consumers, arbitrarily increasing the price of masks. masks, or used masks, they are recycled of unknown origin, put on the market. These cases are also a type of indirect theft, resulting in legal penalties. Therefore, if society knows how to apply this second principle, it will not think of personal interests like that. Third, "sexual sex" - the disease spreads strongly, so close contact, or through holding hands, kissing ... will be the cause of the disease. Therefore, if people live with the spirit of the Buddha, they will protect their own health as well as those of others. Fourth, "liars" - about the Covid 19 epidemic, everyone is very well informed about the possibility of transmission through close contact. There are components who have been in contact with infected people, but when the authorities call for the declaration to avoid the impact from spreading to the community. However, due to their own ignorance, not thinking about the serious consequences, some people make false statements, or lie that they have no symptoms, for fear of living an inconvenient life in a remote area. glass. Therefore, if we know how to apply this ethical principle to daily life, the disease will not spread widely in the community. Fifth, "drinking world" - when the disease has complicated developments, the state has issued an official dispatch to stop entertainment activities such as bars, restaurants, etc. However, there are still indifferent people who still organize meals. Drinking, partying, they are not aware that, when eating and drinking, the virus will stick to cups and plates, which is very contagious, or when drinking and singing karaoke, saliva will stick to the microphone, which is also very contagious. Therefore, the five precepts of a Buddhist are the five moral precepts to help themselves and those around them. So "where there is precepts, there is wisdom, and where there is wisdom, there is precepts". Precepts have the ability to create happiness for people. So human deeds are expressed through body and speech, but most importantly, the mind (mind) leads all actions whether good or bad. Thus, all intentional actions, in Buddhism, are called karma. Because the Buddha taught in the Sangha Sutra: "I am the owner of karma, the heir of karma, karma is the womb, karma is the relative, karma is the fulcrum. Any karma I will do, good or bad, I will inherit that karma.” (10) Therefore, "Buddhist ethics through the five precepts" is considered as the source of the Buddhadharma, because the existence or disappearance of the Buddhadharma depends on ethical conduct. In the spirit of Buddhism, these principles are based on: compassion, selflessness, altruism, because “all conflicts, hatred, murder, destruction, war are reconciled by the hands of love. , a kind heart and a clear mind for the benefit of each person and species” (11) . Or “another positive meaning in Buddhism is that keeping precepts is giving: giving five things without fear and bringing five things of happiness to people and to society”(12). Indeed, it is these practical steps that will help each Buddha cultivate an honest heart, altruistic thoughts, especially returning to his inner life to enlighten himself. If every day, our body needs food to nourish the body, then for the mind we also need to nourish with food for the mind, that is, the nutrients of "sense - concentration - wisdom". Therefore, "precepts - concentration - wisdom" is the middle path (the Eightfold Path). Importantly, all the teachings of the Buddha, or the precepts of the Buddha, are intended to help the practitioner rely on it to reach the ultimate goal, just as a finger points to the moon, we rely on the finger to reach the end. hand to see the moon, that's a person of opinion. So “every day we live virtuously, in thought, word and deed, that is, we end suffering. Every day we diligently maintain righteous thoughts, right considerations, have the right outlook on life, know how to concentrate our thoughts, that is, we end suffering” (13) . Virtue is the beauty from the inside of the soul that manifests to the true practitioner, because: "The fragrance of flowers only flows with the wind, the fragrance of morality spreads in all directions, the fragrance of true people. spread to all horizons” (14) Conclude The Vinaya Vinaya plays an extremely important role, expressing the core values ​​of morality. That is boldly illustrated in the words of author Damine Keown: “The role of morality becomes important, and the Buddhist ethical system in general is like a two-sided coin; on the one hand is the precepts and on the other is just a list of things that a virtuous person can never do” (15). Precepts are ethics, which applies not only to Buddhism, but to all sections of society. There are different genders for each individual. For lay people, maintaining morality helps to improve in terms of personality and quality of a person, but for those who achieve the highest level of morality, liberation (Nirvana), it contains "compassion". , wisdom, selflessness, altruism”. Through this topic, the writer suddenly realized "The strength of the sea is not in the waves that are always turbulent and noisy, but in the deep, calm layers of water. The human mind is also the same, there are not only, just vibrations, feelings and thoughts that follow each other like an endless stream of water on the level of consciousness, but the human mind is also a deep ocean. layers, layers that people, because of their outward distractions, do not pay attention to".END=NAM MO SHAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).BUDDHIST DHARMA WHEEL GOLDEN MONASTERY=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=THE WOMEN OF THE SAKYA CLAN CHAN TANH.AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.21/9/2021.