[04]

Chapter Four

A member of the Sangha

-ooOoo-

first . General meaning

A member of the Sangha is a person who has renounced his family life, joined the Congregation, lived and gathered in accordance with the precepts and teachings of the Buddha to finally attain liberation. This is the ordained, ordained as monks. Whether a disciple at home or monks in the Congregation is a disciple of the Buddha, but the monk is the most representative, most worthy of the Buddhist. Religious life is much more favorable than lay life to attain liberation.

The rules that a monks have to travel in comparison with the precepts of a layman is much more severe. In terms of form, monastic life is more exemplary, more restrained, higher in the home.Precepts are to support the practice, shorten the time of practice to liberate so it is not easy to follow the rules. Many monks, after a long period of practice, had to go on their way. During the Buddha's time, even under his leadership, his education, many monks had to go on their way. Difficulties in material life, rules to follow, plus the old habits in life, in thought, emotions ... not easy to throw away, leading to the loss of rot or any Anxiety, mental retardation can also interfere with the practice of monks than the case of a lay practitioner in a lot. So ,,

Sangha is a tight community of monks. Harmony is one of the greatest characteristics of Buddhist monks. All the organizations, activities, the rules of law, ceremony ... all manifested the coexistence and harmony living together in order to achieve organizational goals. The quality of the Sangha depends on the quality of each member and in the organic sense of the Triple Gem (Triratna). No longer monks, then Buddhism is lost! This poses a cautious issue of admission to the Sangha, and the duty of observing, cultivating, educating, and helping the members of the Sangha.

The procedure for admission of new members to Sangha, that is to allow them to receive ordination, the transmission of precepts (on the Sangha side) or the application to join the Sangha, to become a monk, and personally, more importantly, a new turning point, and a new path that has a great effect on the spirituality of the ordained ones.

Having joined the Order, the monk is now a member of the congregation, living, gathering in a community, dependent on the community and having the duty to connect other members of the community into one. unity. Although the ultimate end result is always self-actualization, as a result of spiritual steps, solitary, silent, sometimes very playful, but the circumstances of the fish units Synchronicity for reciprocity between the individual and the general is always expressed to the individual. The monk of the Three Rules (Buddha, Dharma, Sangha); The Three Jewels is the refuge of all Buddhists, a triune entity, each one consisting of two parts. Monks, refuge Tam Bao, express the Three Jewels, obviously must be full of characteristics of the Sangha and must strive to show identity with Buddha and Bao Bao.

We will follow the path of an applicant for the Congregation, living in the Congregation of education, practicing the teaching through the practice of Gender, Concentration, Wisdom.

The description below is a synthesis of some details in the scriptures, organs ... These details may not be completely accurate because some were written after the Buddha's time, there may be more Booths over time, place ... the presentation is only the initial layout, helping us somewhat understand the characteristics of the Sangha in the Buddha.

2. Joining teachers measure alk

In the early years since the congregation was established, the precepts were not promulgated by the Buddha, the membership of the Sangha was relatively simple. It is easy to understand because the monks came to the Buddha, which had the foundation, the level of practice has been stable, the spirit has been fully prepared, only heard the Buddha once or several times proved. For example, the group of monks, monks and nuns, Da-Xa, Uu-long-frequency-Ca-lettuce, Saree-phat, Section-kien-inter, etc. Those who were admitted to the Congregation by the Buddha's words: "Come here, this monks!"Called the "monks and bhikkhus." There are also many predestined, meet the Buddha, after some angry response that confirmed immediately: "This is my Teacher," as the case of Ma-ha Ca-lettuce; or have more to answer the questions of the Buddha,

Later, Sangha has a large number. The acquisition of new disciples of the monks in the Sangha is somewhat easy, lack of selection, resulting in the Sangha in some places are not harmonious, many bhikkhu rotten, Many members of the Congregation have become more difficult, requiring more and more conditions, especially when the Vinaya is formed more and more to meet the requirements of purity, Harmony in the Sangha among the large number of monks of the Buddha disciples.

To apply for ordination, ordination, join the delegation, first of all must have enough intelligence to be cognizant of their decision to leave, have some basic knowledge to grasp the doctrine received clear the good things, the benefits of where you rely. He must be well enough to endure the suffering of a monk, such as rain and heat, cold weather, erratic weather, poor food, limited sleep. gold, persevering to endure all challenges. The person must not be bound by family circumstances, social status ...

The Vinaya recounts many cases where some monks of the age of seventeen, eighteen crying for not eating dinner; Many people have been dragged by their parents or relatives, many of whom have been sexually assaulted or have committed suicide.

The laws (quarters, five parts) clearly stipulate that the person must not get thirteen obstacles called obstacles or old age (Antàrayikadharma). The effects of these obstacles are explained in many ways, but they tend to interfere with the practice of the sage and the sage. Thirteen Dharma is:

1. Discipline: We have been ordained and have committed four important prohibitions should be removed. 
2. Abstinence of the monks and nuns: the case of masturbation contact monks. 
3. TAO resident: borrowed monks, pretending to be monks to benefit. 
4. Foreign insurgent religion: each according to the outside, come to ask for monks and then back to follow the outside and then come back to make monks. 
5. Kill your father. 
6. Kill your mother. 
7. Kill A-la-drought. 
8. Destructive harmony increases: claiming to be attained, attracting a number of monks followed, causing division in the Sangha. 
9. Intentionally inflicting injury to the Buddha 
10. Male infertility: Inadequate genital structure, from which there are psychological illness. 
11. Non-human: not human (pointing to beings in other realms). 
12. Animal: animal.
13. Nhị hình: both male and female.

In addition to the above measures, some documents also noted that the ordained must be properly dressed, full of five, not blind, lame, mute, deaf, lull, not too high, too low, not too black , not too white. Inadequate bodily functions can interfere with the practice, the remaining conditions, and even the remaining condition and even the condition of the root cause, perhaps to avoid the malicious denigration of some bad people. The paganism, especially at a time when Buddhism is rising in the context of many other parallel groups exist.

In addition to the above conditions, the candidate for the precepts must find a monks that he trusted, admiration to ask to be a disciple. In addition to the one thousand two hundred and fifty Bhikkhus who were first joined by the Buddha, many others were also "monks and nuns" received by the Buddha, at least three years First, after he became enlightened, the majority of the monks were later taught by the great disciples, the precepts, and the Buddha accepted, he also entrusted to Phra Sariputta, Phra Moggllana and the author Directly educated. We do not see the business describes the acquisition of disciples of the elders, but the Vinaya: it is the monk tutor, the teacher directly guide the study, directed by the disciples, called Most Venerable or Upàdhyàya. The monk wants to receive his disciples must have enough people ten times (ten years, ten years old), through the law, intellectual, can provide material for disciples, , allows the disciple to receive and only one student per year. In the case of Upasena, Sibirut's younger sister, Sariputta, who had just spent two seasons, had received her disciples;after being rebuked by the Buddha.

Next, the dominant monk must take care of the Sangha Kamma procedure, which is the form of disclosure, to report the incident, to ask for the ceremony to receive the disciples. Recently joined the Congregation, the monk must receive ordained. Sramanera is the lowest rank in the Church. The smallest age that can be taken is seven years old, usually assigned to take care of the religious life such as sweeping, cleaning the tent, yard, clean rooms, teachers or keep the chase. In many parts of India, crows are often crowded, causing noise and dirt, so the name "shamao chase" is used to refer to the young. If practitioners are fourteen years old or older, they will be fully educated by the renouncers.

From twenty years old and older, the monk was considered as mature, full of character of a monk but not yet fully ordained.

The ceremony was performed relatively simple, the details cumbersome may be added later. In the time of the Buddha, the procedure only required the teacher to receive the disciple qualified, approved by the Sangha for the disciple. The novice is the first stage of the challenge, preparing the pure life of the monks with the following ten:

1. Not killing. 
2. Do not steal. 
3. Not sexual. 
4. Do not lie 
5. Do not drink alcohol. 
6. Do not use jewelry. 
7. Do not sit in bed, high chair. 
9. Do not eat when you are not eating. 
10. Do not hold, store gold, silver, money, jewelry ...

In the ten worlds, the first five are of a lay Buddhist, the next three are also performed by lay Buddhists during the days of the precepts (Uposatha), samsara is five or six If there is an age of at least twenty, and in the process of samadhi, the monk always shows his purity and promotion, he is given full ordination, ie, the full precept of A monk, consisting of more than 150 precepts as original and later (250 or 270 precepts).

The ordained ordinance is described by many laws as complex through many different stages. In essence, the person who received the precepts is considered by the Most Venerable Abbot, who is fully qualified to become a monk, prepares the three sisters, alms bowls and coordinates ).

He is: (1) Antàravàsa, called y in or under y; (2) Uttarasanga (Uttarasanga): external medicine, or medicine; (3) Sanghàtì consists of two layers, covering the body. Y is a kind of algae, covered with bark fiber, dyed yellow earth, ie color nuisance. Y-bhikkhuni is very important because it represents the whole human monk. Monks Bhikkhus devote a lot of medical things that a monks have to obey.

Bowls of alms or bowls, or Pātra (Pātra) are utensils for food when the monks perform alms, usually in any size, bronze, not too large size Small, how to fit food enough for a meal (ie whole food in a day).

Nisìdana is a seated object, composed of layers of cloth, grass ... sized to fit the seat of the monks.

Majjhima Nikàya 140 (The Middle Concentration) has a very moving story related to y and the bowl of a monk:

One day the Buddha spent the night in a potter's shed, seeing that a young man had come before him. In his lonely appearance, the Buddha asked why he had left home, studied with anyone, and did not like the doctrine, which is the question that the Taoists, practitioners, almsmen ... We often ask each other when we meet. The young man named Pukkusäti said that he followed Gautama's example, admired his theory, that he was his master, that he had never met but he heard that he was expanding in the north, At Sàvatthi, that is the Enlightened One, the Arahant. The Buddha preached to him about the truth, he was very emotional, realized that this is the ideal teacher that he has long admired.

Pukkusati urged to join the Congregation. The Buddha asked him if he had y and bowl, and when he did not answer, the Buddha taught that the Buddhas never accepted anyone into the Congregation without the y, bowl. Pukkusiti ran away to find y, bowl;But the risk of dying is bullied. By this news, Lord Buddha stated that Pukkusāti was in the threshold of Nibbana and would never be reborn in this realm.

The story is about the belief in the Buddha, the Fa, the Sangha of a person, and the liberation of that strong belief, and clearly through the story, Not really, the Buddha disciples are very important, expression, shaping the lifestyle of a member of the Sangha.

When they have prepared y, bowl and coordinates for the disciples, because the Venerable must work before them (Sang-el-ma) to ask for ordination for students. Monks and nuns are invited to attend religious ceremonies, ordinances, ordinances and ordinances. Normally, in temples where monks are only five or seven, Hoa Master, A-pearl, Teacher is a person. In the case of Rahula (the son of the Buddha), the Buddha entrusted to the great Sàriputta, Venerable Master Moggallana, who made Aphasai, and the elder Upāli as teachers. At least in the first ten years since the congregation was established, the three great monks were instructed by the Buddha to instruct the monks to receive ordination and possibly even afterwards. The work of teaching, organizing, interpreting in the delegation, after the Buddha, must mention the sutras of Sariputta.

Since the monks in the congregation are allowed to receive the disciples, when the Congregation has increased in size, the acquisition of monks is somewhat loose, easy, so many schools. Many monks, monks, monks, monks, monks, monks and nuns, The monks and nuns have become more strict, and after the Buddha's passing away, the procedure is more cumbersome.

The Elderly Melancholy-Ma describes meticulous ordained monks. Accordingly, after the death of the Prophet and the approval of the Most Venerable Thich Nhat Hanh and the Teacher in a Satori, must do in the ceremony. Old-age meeting, questions about the conditions for joining the congregation. After the Sangha has passed, the death of the four commandments are four, which if violated, a monk will be expelled from the Congregation. These are the Prabra (Pàrajika), Chinese translation is the gas or Tha win. The summary of the four Brajas is:

1. Do not get lewd. 
2. Not to kill or incite slaughter. 
3. Do not deliberately take things that people do not give yourself, or instigate action. 
4. Do not lie (about the evidence of yourself).

After the four parts of the transmission, four parts that a monks throughout life have to rely on and strictly adhere to, we see the life of a monk- .

The following is quoted according to Venerable Thich Tri Thu (Quang Huong Gia Lam - PL 2527).

"The Venerable Master said,

Right now, the monks, the Tathagata, the Chief Justice, the Chief Justice said four legal clinics, monks y here as monks, ordained monks, finished quality monks:

"Firstly, monks must live on the algae, y according to which the monkhood, but life fullness, the quality of monks, who have to maintain this life. The medicine is made by y Viet, he was cut or destroyed (color).

"Second, monks living on the begging, y according to which the monkhood, which life fullness, finished quality monks, who have to live this life. A separate room, a cave or a room with the same door.

"Third, monks living in the tree where sleep, y according to which the monk, which life full, finished quality monks, you have to maintain this life. It is a separate room, a pointed house, a small house, a cave or two rooms sharing the same door.

"Fourth, Bhikkhu live medicine of hot pot disease (medicine to remove the disease from the herb), y here that the monk, which is full of life, bhikkhu. This is especially the case where bowl, porridge, oil, sugar and honey are used.

The last of the ordination ceremony is the announcement of the teacher of the ceremony of valid, accomplished, advice the new monks to try to study, cultivate, attain fruit, etc.

The ordination, ordination of monks and nuns is similar to the above, but the Sunnah, prior to the full ordination must be composed of twenty or ten (resident crowded country or few people) Of which half is the Sangha, the other is the nama, the eight paravika (Parajika), and in particular, the life of the Dharma is eight Dharma worship monks that right from the establishment of the nunnery The Buddha made:

1. Monks no matter how old age, must pay homage to the monks increased. 
2. Do not be heavy with monks up. 
3. Not to raise the monks up, not prevent monks raise monks accused monks. 
4. Monks should be raised when ordained. 
5. If committing suicide, must be between two sets of monks, must do harmony in half a month. 
6. Every six months, the monks should be called Sangha. 
7. Do not settle in the area without monks. 
8. After the settling season, the self-sacrifice ceremony before two sets of Sang (Increase and Ni).

Rise of the Sutra III has led by the Buddhist Bat Bat:

"Hey Ananda, just as a person who thinks about the future and worries about building a big dam will not let the water flow, too, this Ananda, thinking of the future, I have just issued this" bowl of justice "for The monks and nuns so that they can not pass life.

On the precepts, monks and nuns are also more active than monks and as well as some other forms of binding, the problem is not at all to distinguish the value, quality between the two sets of disciples that only Buddhist It aims at solving certain circumstances and conditions of the renunciation of the individual, psychological, ideological, physical, social, etc. of the nun.

Occasionally the Buddha, Så-phat phat, Section-kien-lien ... also received the female students delivered through the Order, under the leadership of Ma-ha Ba-da-theme and other senior monks to carry out the procedures of ordination, practice ...

In the case of foreigners who want to take refuge, ordained, joined the congregation, the procedure is more difficult. A-junction 32 has the case of Upàli, the Nigththa (Niganttha) to the Buddha to ask for refuge, ordained as Buddhist monk disciples, but Buddha told him to take time to think To be very mature, to avoid some difficulties later. Indeed, Upàli himself had to deal with the many inconveniences caused by the nihilists because Upàli was the one who had a large part in the nihilist congregation. Ajum 6 says that the two Brahmins belonged to the Phala Order, according to Buddhism. The Buddha accepted the condition that he should try to live four months with the Sangha. Also, these two people have encountered many difficulties due to family, due to social status, due to old religion ... Kinh also many cases of foreign leaders joined the monks to disrupt. So, It is more cumbersome to receive foreigners into the congregation more carefully. For example: the foreigner must have time to live with the monks, must be separated from the old environment, the ceremony for the heathen outside the content of the place.

Through some of the above, we can see the image, the quality of a monk, gentle, dignified, humble, poor ... always attached to the collective-old, active With Sangha is a prominent feature of a monk-disciples Buddha. Violation of the precepts, whether heavy or light, is handled by detachment from the Sangha for a time. The purpose of such treatment is to make them increase purity. The treatment of heavy or light are negative, the main thing is to keep yourself, know the wrong distinction, right, know repentance penalties ... The law set out is the causal relationship, in order to Avoid duplication errors, hinder the collective.

The example of four felonies (Parajika) is the most serious mistake, which degrades the virtue of a monk, being put into law after the wrongdoing has hindered the fish. the offender and the collective Sangha, at least in terms of scandal for people.

Elder Tudorina (suddina) at the request of the family, has returned home with his ex-wife to expect a child to follow, another monks also do the same. Another monks live in the forest, the libido inhibition, have sex with gibbons. Elder Darius took the wood of King Qin-sa-la to take off his tent, a monk steals the clothes of a laundry man by the stream. Some monks of the impure body have abhorred themselves to commit suicide, some other monks at the request of the monks seriously ill himself, killed the sick because of the thought of doing so is to end suffering for the sick; Or laws often refer to the story Migalandika (Loc Truong), dressed in Sato, living with the Congregation has killed many monks.Some monks living in the remote area have realized that they have attained, or as they have attained true success, declare their success to many disciples, offered ... The above cases were discovered, reported to the Buddha. He severely reproached the sinners and, from that point on, blamed them for being the most serious offenses, being removed from the congregation.

A Bhikkhu who is fully ordained, must think that he is actually a member of the congregation, because of the congregation and for his own benefit that must express and practice the Three Jewels. And one of the prominent meanings is that he is a pure man who attains or prepares to attain sainthood.

3. The  virtue of a monk

A Bhikkhu, first of all a Sa-subject as many Sa-subjects of other congregations, living poor, pure life, homeless, wandering, alms for the ultimate purpose is liberation. The meaning of liberation may differ from one religion to another. The goal of the Buddhist monk is the holy fruits, the ultimate Nirvana.The monks will be discussed in another part of this book, here is just a brief outline of some basic features of the image, the virtue of a monk, a member of the Sangha of the Buddha . The image of that moral person was first performed in the Buddha himself and in the monks of the disciples who followed him. The characteristic virtue of the Buddhist congregation, according to E. Conze (Buddhism, Its Essence and Development) is impoverished, single and non-violent. These characteristics are easily found in most other non-Buddhist congregations. It should be noted that this feature exhibits a great characteristic throughout the teachings of the Buddha. It is the Threefold Press: Suffering, Impermanence, Selflessness.

It is understood that life is suffering, impermanent, without constant self, so the Buddhist monk strives to eradicate suffering, not to create opportunities, conditions for suffering grow, monk discharge abandon, forget, pride, compassion, compassion, harmony, harmless, harmless or non-violent.

Scattered in the previous section, we have seen the quality of the monks, the quality is summarized in the passage of the Dhyana Nikaya 1-4 (Truong Bo) talk about the virtue of the Buddha by commenting of the pagans:

"Sa-Golgot talked out of harming his life, lost the tendency to harm, he lost that tendency to harm, he had tossed the stick and sword. We are full of compassion, full of compassion and compassion for our happiness.

"He took away what he had not given to himself, and lost the tendency to take something else that no one else would give him." He accepted what was given to him and was ready to bring it, and he lived with it. pure heart, pure ... "

"He broke off the lie, lost that slavish tendency." When he heard something in a place, he would not repeat it elsewhere, solemnly ... that he united the Disaffected people and encouraged people who are friends with each other. His joy is peace and enjoyment in peace, and when he speaks, he speaks peacefully.

"He gave up the harsh word, lost the harsh word of speech. He only spoke gentle words, easy to hear, emotional, educational, making people enjoy, people liked. interesting ... "

"He cut off the frivolity, lost the tendency to say frivolous, he spoke at the right time, in accordance with things, in meaningful words. His words are easy to remember, very clear, correct and concrete. "

"He did not harm the seeds and plants, he only ate one meal at a time, did not eat at night or did not have the time, he did not watch the dances or attended festivals with singing and dancing. He does not use large beds, he does not accept gold and silver, seeds or fresh meat, he does not accept slave, male or female slaves, sheep or goats, poultry or fish. no elephant or horse, horse or horse, he does not act like a broker, he does not report, he does not buy or sell, he does not cheat on the measure, he counts. at the time of bribery, fraud, or fraud, he did not curse, kill, bind, steal or commit violence. " (*)

(*) Note: in the English language of the Pali Text Society. Quote "Sources of Indian Tradition" (Chapt. VI, Theravada, Buddhism AL Basham), Colombia Uni. Press, New York, 1958.

The above are some of the virtues of the Buddha, exemplary for the whole Sangha. These are the basics for the content of the Patimokkha, namely the ten sages. This quality is reflected in the daily life of Buddhist monks. Your calm, calm tone has become familiar to everyone. This is the result of the practice of Gender, Concentration, and Wisdom, expressed in the practice of the Noble Eightfold Path (Ariya-Atthanjikammagga): Right Understanding, Right Thought (Right), Right Speech, Right Action , Right Effort (three parts of the world), Right Effort, Mindfulness, Right Concentration (three parts belong to the Concentration). By the practice of the Noble Eightfold Path, Precepts, Wisdom, Advancement, moral virtues, which can be reached to the extent of the Buddha, the external appearance attracts the respect, respect of people, including animals. Many narratives and scriptures, the Buddha dressed elephant, dragon, ... wild animals to the monks in the deep forest ...

A special feature of the monk is the spirit of the Four Noble Truths (ego, compassion, joy, discharge) which is the method of emotional training to remove the attachment that a monk wants to go deep into. have to make that happen Words are good things for others, compassion is compassion for sentient beings, Hy is the joy of seeing others happy and it is the heart to let go of all attachment. Here we only discuss the moral aspects of the four kinds of mind, this is the aspect of forgetting yourself, expressing no-self in life, the implications of human life contained in the three legal press (suffering, impermanent, fall). The four parts of the Four Noble Truths are meant to represent non-self, so in one section there are three parts.

Mettà Sutta or Sutta Nipàta have the verses of the immeasurable compassion of the Buddha's disciple:

"May all beings find peace! 
May they all attain inner happiness! 
All sentient beings, dear beings, 
no matter how strong or weak, 
In lowland realms middle, gross or subtle, 
Accidentally or charming, 
near or far, 
is born or unborn, 
may all sentient beings achieve happiness itself internally. 
may not have who cheat Others 
do not at all deceive others, 
not to evil, to hatred, 
to the sorrow of others , to the sorrow of one another, 
like a mother for all her life, to take care of her only 
son, 
for all living beings. , 
My mind must be 
generous, from the heart to the whole world,
From 
above, above, below and throughout, 
No restraint, no hatred and evil. 
Walking, standing, sitting or lying, 
Or sleep, 
still holding this mindfulness, 
Because this can be a noble way ... 
Avoid all wrong, 
virtue full of wisdom, 
Win greed overcome all suffering 
And will never be reborn! "

The Dharmakaya, 3-5, gives the verse of renunciation, the purity, the peace, the love of peace, the spirit of harm:

"He reproached me, beat me, 
he beat me, he robbed me!" 
Whoever nurtures such thoughts 
can never be purified in hatred ... 
But those who do not nurture such thoughts 
,

Never in life, 
hatred is calmed down by hatred, 
Only love can calm hatred. 
This is eternal law "

The spirit of indestructibility, nonviolence is not awe but a manifestation of love for peace, compassion and courage. This spirit first manifested in the Buddha himself. Often recounted to his disciples his brave compassionate mirror when he was a Bodhisattva in the past lives that we know through the Jataka Nikàya He has learned how much he is subjected to torture, beatings, tearing his limbs, hiding his eyes ... but always loving kindness.

In the A-junction, the Middle Sutra, the Elderly Sutra, has narrated the story of Punna (Phu-lau-na), the great disciple of the Buddha, representing the Sangha, arriving in Srona- na) to teach the native.Knowing that the people there were not tamed, he also asked the Buddha to allow him to propagate:

"The people in Sronàparanta are violent, violent," they say, "and they say fierce and rude words." If they told him fierce, rude, insidious words, what would he think? "

Punna: "You would think that people in Sronagarnia are really good and kind people because they do not hit me with their hands, nor throw stones at me."

Buddha: "But if they hit him with his hands or throw stones at him, what would he think?"

Punna: "I would think they are nice and kind people because they do not hit me with a stick, they do not hit me with a grenade."

Buddha: "But if they beat him with a stick or where he was with the sword, what would he think?"

Punna: "I would think they are kind and kind people who do not kill me."

Buddha: "But if they kill you, Punna, what would you think?"

"I would think that they are kind and kind people because they liberate the revelation of this corpse," says Punna, "and I know that many monks are ashamed of their own profundity. , were confused, discouraged and they committed suicide with weapons, used poison, hanged themselves with ropes or plunged into the deep. "

The Buddha: "Punna, you have the highest patience and patience. Go and teach them how to get as liberated as yourself, you have liberated!"

Needless to say, the monk's quality determines the quality of the Sangha and the existence of the Sangha. This quality is the result of the practice of wisdom and the practice of meditation and a condition for achieving intellectual liberation. Monks (Patimokkha) so that the monks keep themselves but continue to study. It is the maintenance of the body, speech, and mind for the net, making the whole Sangha pure.

Moralism is primarily a measure of action, related to knowledge. It is the realization of life through right action according to knowledge. Hence ethics guide life. The simplest moral meaning in life in social communication is good deed, avoid evil, love, self control ... That meaning can be found easily in The Dhammapada records the teachings of the Buddha, first of all to his congregation and of course to all. The following are some excerpts from the Dhammapada, by the great Rahula translation, from which we draw a few small portions of the morality of the monks:

- "A good person is happy in this life and happy in the next life, and in both lives he is happy and happy and happy to see his pure behavior."

- "The mind is difficult to control and unstable, it wants to go somewhere, need to regulate it.

- "The aroma of virtue is much higher than the aroma of incense, lotus or jasmine."

- "One can win many thousand in a battle, but whoever overcomes himself is the most noble."

- "Living one day in virtue and meditation is more valuable than living a hundred years in bad habits and lethargy."

- "Whoever seeks happiness without harming beings who aspire to happiness will be happy in the next life."

- "If I keep my word to others, I can control myself." Indeed, it is difficult to control one's self.

- "Avoid the things, cultivate good and pure mind, that is the Buddha taught."

- "Suffering is born of sensual pleasure, born of sensual pleasures.

- "One who despites sentient beings is not a saint. One who is compassionate for all the living beings deserves to be called holy."

- "It is necessary to practice virtuous life.

"Self is my guardian, but where else is my guardian?" Then control yourself like a merchant who controls his rampant horse. "

Although Buddhism is of a fresh nature, it is inevitable that many people will see the image of a Buddhist monk with a sting or a limp form, not by others. conception of him. Furthermore, if we note the negative "negative" attitude of the gentle Buddhist monk, we can not ignore that morality is the manifestation of knowledge in life. in the world of relative and limited phenomena. Morality is not liberation, it is the support that leads to liberation and the result of the practice of liberation. H. De Glasenapp has identified the moral character of the following:

- "The ethics of India has its limits clearly outlined." It is valid for beings in samsara, who are free from samsara but are not dependent on them. on the rules of morality.

- "All moral behavior (at least for many schools) has only one relative value, and in the end it leads to a state in which it is no longer important and then The mind no longer requires any kind of morality. " (Henri De Glasenapp, "La Philosophie Indienne", p. 215, Payot, Paris, 1951 ).

Indeed, the moral issue is only for those who have not yet liberated in the pursuit of ultimate liberation.In the liberated, in the nature of fullness, absolute, moral nature spontaneously out the ordinary people, "to some extent" also recognize their noble virtues . He says that "in a certain way" is because ordinary people or ordinary people only recognize the reflection of a relative moral life. So, in the A-junction, the Brahma Sutra, after the Buddha mentioned the praises of the world about him, he also taught:

"Monks, there are other things, deep, difficult to see, confidant, wonderful, beyond the reach of pure reason, delicate, only those who understand the new. Praised correctly about the virtue of the new Tathagata.

Germany of the Tathagata mentioned above, is the Tri, the virtue of ignorance, the virtue of selflessness, the virtue of liberation of a person was enlightened.

And even though morality is relative, Buddhist morality has so far been nothing out of date, and the moral qualities of the Sangha of the Buddha must be so great that many of them attain holy fruits, and that virtue has survived for more than twenty-five centuries. END=NAM MO SAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY=THICH CHAN TANH.THE MIND OF ENLIGHTENMENT.VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=GOLDEN LOTUS MONASTERY=AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.24/5/2018.