An overview of the history of spreading the sutras and the characteristics of the Sutta Pitaka.VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=THICH CHAN TANH.
K inh organ Nikaya, Pali and Chinese A-levels are the economic organs of Buddhist tradition, also known as Theravada scriptures. These are the suttas containing what the Buddha taught during the 45 years of mission, including the basic teachings such as the Four Noble Truths, Interdependent origination, Selflessness, etc. consider the Sutta Pitaka as the most reliable and closest document to determine what Buddha declared. I. History of the classic karma After the Buddha entered Nirvana for 3 months, an assembly was convened to recite the Buddha's words to preserve the treasure of Dharma. This is the first set of scriptures. 100 years after Buddha's death, another assembly was convened to clarify what was true to the Buddha's teaching and what went wrong; There are mainly a few controversial issues about the precepts, there are 10 new things to arise: Yancheng, pure chastity, serene convergence, abode of pure land, arbitrary purification, multiplication of chastity, harmony of chastity, in vain monks and nuns chastity, water net, and Kim Tien Tinh. Those for the 10 things above were illegal and separated into the Venerable, those who advocated the implementation of 10 reforms were separated into the Public Party - the first division of the Buddhist congregation. The sutras of both sects are still Theravada and maintained by recitation rather than writing. This is the second set of scriptures. The third set of canonical texts is about 200 to 234 years after the Buddha entered Nirvana. The two main sects are the Venerable and the Great Assembly produces many sects, including about 20 sects. The teachings are explained according to the tendency of the sect. In it, Dai Thien (Mahadeva), a quite famous Buddhist scholar gave 5 limit points of arahantship: Example, ignorance, hesitation, forgiveness, and humanitarian. try to start. That confused people. From the influence of Dai Thien's advocacy and on the other hand - the influence of Brahman's teachings mixed in with Buddhist teachings, King Ashoka decided to support the convening of the Buddhist congress under his chairmanship. Moggalipputta Tissa (Moc-Kien-Lien De-tu), the teacher of King Ashoka. This period is called the third episode, rectifying the doping in the teachings. The Venerable was at that time known as Vibhajyavada (Vibhajyavada), which was sponsored and strongly supported by King Ashoka. Distinguishing the theory is that the father of the Dong Diep, it is the Council (Tamrasatiyah) has set a set of 5 Nikàya very complete. These five Nikayas were given by the Mahinda prince after ordination to bring orally in Sri Lanka. Another rather strong sect that also originated from the Venerable is that the sectarianist sect (Sarvastivada) is not supported by King Ashoka because they advocate logic rather than law. They gradually moved to Northeastern India, set up bases in Caesarea (Kasmira), and gradually they spread the Dharma of the entire northern border and to neighboring countries. By the time of King Ca-ni-Sac-ca (Kaniskha), the king wholeheartedly supported and organized the assembly of classic scriptures. This is regarded as the fourth time of the classic scriptures, around the beginning of the second century AD. Theravada Buddhism tradition is spread from this sect through 4 sets of A-jaw, Vinaya and some treatises. This period is newly written. The five Nikayas alone brought by Mahinda to Sri Lanka kept the oral tradition until an assembly was held in Sri Lanka in Aluvihata village. This is the first time the three Pàli organs are written in words on a leaf to let go in 83 BC. This time is called the fourth set of scriptures (Nikaya Sutta Pitaka). II. The Ministries of Ham and Nikàya 1. A-function (Agama) translates as Dharma or Irregular, consisting of 4 sets:
2. Nikàya set of 5 books:
A-Ham School is equivalent to Truong Bo School - copying long discourses. Trung A-Hàm and Trung Bộ copy the intermediate exercises. Samyutta the equivalent of A-Ham Magazine - copy the sutras with similar content. Tang Nhat and Tang Chi - copy the articles sorted by number. Particularly for the Ministry of Economic Affairs, then the Pali organ - recorded brief sentences. III. Features of the Original Doctrine 1. Both the A-Ham and Nikaya traditions belong to the Theravada tradition, although the propagation path is different but the content is not much different. The ideas of the two traditions retain the style and taste of Theravada Buddhism. 2. Both are preserved by oral transmission for a fairly long time about 400 years after Buddha passed away. 3. The type of narrative, narrative, spelling, and duplication should be easy to read. However, sutras reflect the ideology, scholarship, activities, customs, religion ... of contemporary society. 4. Express Buddhist thinking practically close to human psychology, easy to understand examples and simple but very rigorous reasoning. Especially the basic definitions of Buddhist terminology are clear. 5. The Sutta contains many teachings that reflect the Buddha's views on cultivation issues, ways of life, behaviors, and theoretical and social issues ... that are easy to quote and remember. . 6. The Primitive Thought contains the original or background thought of the Mahayana thought. IV. The Mahayana and Hinayana Matters In the past we used to think that the Theravada teaching was a Hinayana teaching that did not lead to the ultimate attainment of becoming Buddha, only Mahayana teachings were the true teachings of Buddha. In contrast, Theravada monks claim that the Theravada teachings were originally from Buddha, and the Mahayana teachings were heathen. Such disagreement has frozen the relationship of the two traditions for a thousand years. Nowadays, with advanced means, all aspects of society have changed, the Hinayana and Mahayana views are no longer appropriate. Through research, shows that: 1. The period of Theravada Buddhism until the time of the Sect (400 years after the Buddha) did not have the name Mahayana or Hinayana. The words Mahayana and Hinayana appear simultaneously with the Mahayana sutras around the first century before or after the Western calendar. 2. The term Hinayana should not be understood as the Venerable, but only for the sectarian period, the dispute about the religious path that at that time the Sects too focused on theory and form. 3. Today there is no Hinayana system in the world. In 1950, the World Fellowship of Buddhists (WFB) met in Colombo (Sri Lanka) unanimously decided to remove the Theravada word when it comes to Theravada Buddhism. 4. The teachings are divided into two traditions: Primitive Tradition and Development Tradition. Geographically, the lineage is called Northern Buddhism and Theravada Buddhism. Using the word Primitive and Development speaks of the continuity of the longevity tree, the Buddhist teachings, whose root and root are Primitive; the top of the leaves and branches is Grow. No tree can be called a tree without its roots or tops. Consistency in the catechism system must be established and not go beyond the two Primitive and Development systems - both complementary. Development Buddhist ideas must inherit the Theravada doctrine, otherwise the Development doctrine loses its value. 5. Although the Primitive and Development traditions have differences, however, those differences are not fundamental. In contrast, the similarities are very basic as follows:
In short, the Sutta Pitaka is the Sutta Pitaka that records the words of the Buddha and their Sacred Scriptures to the fullest. This sutta is practically close to the human psyche and the functioning of society. This is the doctrinal basis that we take the foundation for all research, practice and especially understand properly the development of Buddhist thought. However, after more than 400 years of oral transmission and over 2000 years of propagation, the teachings cannot avoid the shortcomings or additions of the longevity. Studying classic Development without mastery of the Primitive system, the accuracy is not high. If considering the original Sutra Pitaka is low, it is very wrong and dangerous. Dharma-spanning tree must be a perfect tree from the root to the top of the branch.END=NAM MO SHAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).GOLDEN AMITABHA MONASTERY=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=THICH CHAN TANH.AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.1/6/2020. |
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