Historical evidence and legal basis for Hoang Sa, Truong Sa.
Wind and solar power system in Phan Vinh island. (Photo: Ho Cau / VNA)
This is also a topic of special interest and focus discussion at Shangri-La Dialogue 14 took place in Singapore.
In this regard, Colonel, Vu Khanh, an international researcher, has made a series of papers, highlighting the historical evidence and the legal basis for Vietnam's undisputed sovereignty over Vietnam. with Hoang Sa and Truong Sa archipelagoes; emphasize the position and viewpoint of Vietnam; It also outlines China's plots and actions in the South China Sea.
VNA is pleased to introduce to you:
Hoang Sa and Truong Sa are two frontal islands of the Fatherland, an integral part of the Vietnamese territory. The Paracel Islands are located in the sea from 15 to 45 minutes to 17 degrees 15 minutes north latitude and 111 degrees to 113 degrees east, Ly Son Island, Quang Ngai about 190km.
The entire Hoang Sa archipelago covers an area of about 15,000 square kilometers, comprising more than 30 small islands and rocky outcrop areas, divided into two main groups: the largest group of islands, the Woody Island (Amphitrite) ), no more than 4km long, 2-3 km wide; and the West Island (Crescent) is the largest island of Paracel Island, covering an area of about 0.3 square km. Phu Lam island is about 87km from Hoang Sa island.
Truong Sa archipelago is located in the sea area at the position from 6 degrees 50 minutes to 12 degrees north latitude and 111 degrees 30 minutes to 117 degrees 20 minutes East, about 203 nautical miles from Phu Quy island in Binh Thuan province. 300 km and about 1,500 km from China. The whole of the Truong Sa archipelago is about 160,000 square kilometers, including more than 100 islands and rocky outcrops, including 26 islands or submerged islands.
As a sea nation, with a coastline of more than 3,260km, for a long time, the South China Sea has been closely associated with the lives of the Vietnamese. With traditional fisheries, Vietnamese fishermen have discovered the Paracel Islands and Spratly Islands since the dawn of the country. However, due to geographical and historical conditions as well as technical means of that time did not allow people can settle permanently on these islands.
Since the 17th century, when the feudal state of Vietnam discovered the Golden Sand Beach on the South China Sea, Hoang Sa and Truong Sa, these two archipelagoes were still unregulated. Since then, feudal Vietnam has occupied, exploited and managed the islands on a continuous basis.
Because it is a derelict island, the kings of Vietnam first discovered and occupied peacefully. Vietnam's sovereignty over the Hoang Sa and Truong Sa archipelagos is confirmed, maintained and consolidated for at least three consecutive centuries from the time of the Nguyen Lords until after French colonial rule in 1884.
Since the fifth Thai Duc (1786), on the 14th of February in the lunar calendar, the Tây So'n government decided to send the Venerable Hoang Sa to ride four boats crossing the sea directly to the Paracels and islands of the isle sea.
In addition to Hoang Sa is a military team to do offshore economy, it is also seen in the Tay Son era, many other teams exploit the economic East Sea, as in Cu Lao Re formed Que Huong team, Hai Mao and Que Huong Ham with 30 nails.
After defeating the Tây So) n and entering the throne of the Emperor, in July the year of Pig (1803), King Gia Long reestablished the "Hoang Sa" group to take people from An Vinh commune, Binh Son district, Quang Ngai province to the archipelago. Hoang Sa collected goods, equipment on the ship stranded and fishing rare species brought back to pay.
Until the end of the Tây So) n era, the early Anvil of An Vinh commune in the mainland or in Cu Lao Re was still the leading land of the sea economy. Later, King Gia Long re-organized the "Bac Hai team" to take people from Tu Chinh village or Canh Duong commune, Binh Thuan province, to license the Spratly Islands with the same mission as Hoang Sa.
The Hoang Sa (operating in the Spratly archipelago) is a state-organized model of the Nguyen lords, with clear organizational and operational regulations that protect, patrol, plant, tide measurement, collection of marine products submitted to the court. The team operates six months in a year.
Since 1816, the Nguyen Dynasty used the navy to exploit and manage the East Sea. Although no further sea development, marine economic development such as the Hoang Sa and Bac Hai teams, the first operation of the navy was seen as a milestone marking the reestablishment and enforcement of Vietnam's sovereignty over trousers. Paracel Islands.
This action shows that King Gia Long officially asserted sovereignty with the king starting to manage the Paracel Islands with the regular military forces of the State. After that, the naval teams were regularly dispatched to Hoang Sa, Truong Sa to undertake the task of measuring the water level, putting up the markers, establishing the beer to determine the sovereignty ...
These activities are recorded in many historical documents such as "The boundary of the casket" by Le Quy Don (1776), Phan Huy Chu's (1821), "Dai Nam" (1844-1848), " "(1834).
The recently discovered material is the eloquent evidence of our country's ongoing and real occupation of Hoang Sa and Truong Sa (originally April 15, 1834) mobilizing soldiers from Ly Son island to protect Hoang Sa, original copy on May 12, 1932 to Bao Dai King awarded medals for a soldier soldiers defense Hoang Sa).
In addition, the activity of feudal Vietnam on two archipelagos was also mentioned in foreign works such as "Annam Great Sculpture" (1838) and "Batavia Diary" by Dutch East Company (Compagnie Hollandaise des Indes Orientales) (1936).
Thus, through the organization of resource exploitation on the two archipelagos Hoang Sa and Truong Sa, in fact as well as legally, the Nguyen have owned two archipelagoes since these two archipelagos have not belonged to the territory of any country and turn the two islands from anecdotes into an integral part of the territory of Vietnam.
History proved, until the day French colonial rule, feudal dynasties Vietnam has actually exercised sovereignty and governance of the two archipelagos Hoang Sa and Truong Sa without a competing country. Consistently treat these islands as belonging to Vietnam.
Even so, the Chinese feudal dynasties have implicitly acknowledged Vietnam's sovereignty over Hoang Sa and Truong Sa archipelagoes. Not only did they not object but sometimes helped some members of Hoang Sa. The storm hit the port of Thanh Lam (Hainan Island) and brought them back to Thuan Hoa.
With the French-Qing Dynasty Convention in 1884, China recognized French rule in Vietnam. Based on the representative of the Annam feudal court, France has taken much action to consolidate Vietnam's sovereignty over the Paracel Islands by conducting patrols, controlling and sending troops to occupy the islands. In administrative management, the government merged the Truong Sa archipelago into Ba Ria province and established an administrative unit in the Paracel archipelago of Thua Thien, for the construction of many structures on both archipelagos.
By the early 20th century, in 1909, before the threat of Japan, Chinese authorities began to pay attention to the Paracel Islands. In 1928, 1932, China unveiled its intention to sovereignty with the French protectorate.
Until the end of World War I, the demands of Chinese officials were directed at the Paracel Islands. During the French colonial period, as a successor country, France continued to affirm its sovereignty and opposition to China's claims. During World War II, Japan occupied a number of islands in the Paracel and Spratly Islands (called Shinnan Shoto) as military bases.
After the Second World War, taking advantage of the Japanese military disarmament, in 1947, Chiang Kai-shek's army landed on Phu Lam Island (the Eastern Group of the Paracel Islands) and the Itu Aba of the Truong Sa archipelago, while French troops are located in the Paracel Islands (belonging to the Western Group of the Paracel Islands) and some other islands of the Spratly Islands.
On March 8, 1949, France recognized Vietnam's unified independence and on October 14, 1950, the French officially handed over the defense of the Paracel Islands to Vietnam. On September 6, 1951, at the San Francisco Conference, Tran Van Huu, Prime Minister and Foreign Minister of Bao Dai government, head of the Vietnamese delegation at that time, claimed sovereignty over the Paracels and the Archipelago. Sa after Japan returned all the territories they occupied during World War II (1939-1945). None of the 51 participating countries protested the reaffirmation of Vietnam's sovereignty over the Paracel and Spratly Islands.
After the 1954 Geneva Accords, on April 28, 1956, the French expeditionary force withdrew from Indochina. The Saigon government maintained the garrison to defend the Paracels. In 1957, the Saigon Marines' military forces were deployed to the Spratly and Paracel Islands to protect the archipelagos instead of former garrisons. In 1963, the Saigon government set up the sovereign stele on Truong Sa, An Bang, Ta Ta, Thi Tu, Song Tu Dong, Song Tu Tay.
In April 1956, when the French withdrew from Indochina, the Saigon government replaced the French in the western part of the Paracel Islands, unable to land in the east, so this section was occupied by the Chinese army.
On June 8, 1956, the Foreign Minister of Saigon claimed Vietnam's sovereignty over the Paracel and Spratly Islands. Saigon authorities decided to merge the Hoang Sa archipelago of Thua Thien province into Dinh Hai commune, Hoa Vang district, Quang Nam province and decided that the Spratly Islands were merged into Phuoc Hai commune, Dat Do district, Phuoc province. Yes.
Thus, after the French withdrawal from Indochina until April 1975, the Saigon government and then the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam carried out activities to exercise State sovereignty. Vietnam to the Paracel and Spratly Islands in a real, continuous way.
In January 1974, when the Chinese occupied the West Island Group of the Hoang Sa archipelago, the Saigon government issued a statement condemning Beijing for using force to invade the Paracel Islands of South Vietnam. the territorial integrity of South Vietnam.
From April 14, 1975 to April 29, 1975, the People's Liberation Army of Vietnam liberated the islands in the Truong Sa archipelago, which were captured by the Sai Gon Army, including the Song Tu Tay, Son Ca Nam Yen, Sinh, Truong Sa and An Bang.
Then the naval units continued to organize the protection of the Spratly Islands on many other islands. After the day when the South completely liberated and reunified the country, the Vietnamese government repeatedly asserted Vietnam's sovereignty over the Paracels and the Spratly Islands and issued many documents to exercise sovereignty. of these two archipelagos.
On August 1, 2012, the National Museum of History has officially displayed a map of the Huangdian Province, a complete geography map published by the Qing Dynasty, China published in Shanghai in 1904. The map, Thanh, China measured and identified the two archipelagos Hoang Sa and Truong Sa not belong to China.
This is an indisputable proof of sovereignty over the Paracel and Spratly islands of Vietnam by the Qing dynasty itself, which itself affirmed it through the map they drew.
Thus, through the study of historical evidence, from feudalism to the French withdrawal from Indochina until the day our country completely liberated, the State of Vietnam through the era has conducted activities To exercise sovereignty over the Paracel and Spratly Islands in a real and continuous manner.
With the above-mentioned historical documents and evidence, it is clear that the Hoang Sa and Truong Sa archipelagos are an integral part of the Vietnamese territory. That sovereignty must be respected and enforced in accordance with international law and practice.END=VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY=THICH CHAN TANH.AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.2/7/2018.
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