Talk about four sets of A-function.
I. A-jaw and Red Button
A-function is also called Amy, A-function-grave. Hán translation: French rules, meaning the place of the animals of the law (Article title of the School of A-Ham), also translated as "Trim legal", ie the highest legal (Translator Translation Book Volume 4), also translated as "Teachings", is "transmission", that is, the teachings are transmitted successively (Nhat Set Kinh 24). A-function which is the common name of the Buddhist scriptures. ( Acts are the name of all the Mahayana sutras, Hinayana. The four Acts are Hinayana, Nirvana. "A-jhang", which is Mahayana ). Now only talk about Aramaic Hinayana.
Studying the history of the establishment of Buddhist scriptures, I propose four concepts to make the premise:
1. Buddhist scriptures are not available from the Buddha, regardless of the legacy of any, any set, are also disciplined by Buddhist disciples after the Buddha's death. The Buddha's earliest appearance is after the Buddha's death several months, and the latest from the Buddha's death 500 years later.
2. About the recitation of the Buddhist scriptures are two directions: one is by public disclosure, two by the individual pre-jutsu. The first one has history to testify, the second one is not proof.
3. The Buddhist scriptures use both the form of the single and the series, the ten large volumes are still circulating circular series. But in essence, this series of letters is divided into two: There are types of compilation at the same time completed, there are many years to complete the new complete.
4. The first Buddhist scriptures do not have written only based on reciting, the script written after the Buddha's death several hundred years ago, where the Buddhist scriptures where it is written in that country. So can say Buddhist scriptures are translated.
Four sets of A-levels are four sets of letters published by the public at the same time completed in the fourth month after the Buddha's death. These four A-levels spent many years later using some kind of written script. The first time this collection was most famous in history, it was called "The Five Precepts". The details of this event are fully disclosed in the Fourth Rule section 54, the Rulebook 30, the Rulebook 32, the jhana 1, etc.
Early morning on the full moon in February, Buddha passed away at the sentence-na-na, then great disciples Great Ca-lettuce in Mexico, heard the news returned. After the completion of the Buddha-tea, thought that the need to practice the organs for the Dharma in the world to benefit beings, He invited the king of Azo-do Vietnamese, began rehearsing on 27 June in the cave of the Bahamas ( also known as Ye Diep ) is a suburb of Wang Xa, with the participation of 500 people. He Ca-lettuce as the Prime, first invite Udom-ba-ly to set Pi-ni ( also known as Pi-skin-skin ), translated as: Law, later edited into the Law of Contraction. Next, invite Ananda to learn Tu-multi-la ( also known as Tado-exhibition ), Sutra translation: Sutra, also known as Dharma, later edited into the A-function.
Ananda, the Buddha's disciple, was the Buddha's advisor for 25 years, praising him as the first verse, because his memory was very good, the Sutra. A-nan asked, "Where is the Brahma Pitaka in Dhamma?" ( Brahma Net Sutra is not the world Brahma Net Sutra of Mahayana Bodhisattva, which is Brahma line in the A-levels ). A-nan replied: "The Buddha said in the house of the king-am-la-hy between the royal palace and Nana-lanadasa." Q: "By whom?" A: Ba-ba-ba-ba-benefits-grandmother-sarah and Brahmin Da-ba. After questioning the origin of the origin, the new A-nan chanting the Buddha said, starting with the sentence "I hear this", chanting finished, , chanting the business,
Why divide the A-function into four sets? "At that time, Ananda said many immeasurable business, who can afford to be a group, or have some deep meaning, difficult to remain unable to remember. This is a legal collection so that the dharmas will not be lost. " It seems that Ananda thought that the sutras were recited in a difficult to remember way, so they wanted to form a "group" by using the series form to sum it up. Product from the record: "This business will be divided into four paragraphs, first is the Best, the second is the Middle, the third is the Great School, the fourth is the Kinh. That is about the order of the four sets. "Due to the confusion of literary logic, it is necessary to take the argument, in order of magnitude, of the first, in order of ten, one, two, three according to the increase. , So called the increase. Trung is not large, not long, not short, suitable for middle. The school is talking about things from a long time ago through many lives. Journey is the difficult paragraphs difficult to remember, many things, it makes it easy to forget. "Di-Sa-TAC Five Laws write:" Ca-lettuce asked all tu-multi-la finished, in They say: This is a long prayer, now set into a set, called the A-junction. This is not short not short, now set into a set, called Central A-jaw. This is the talk for the Uu-her-rules, Uu-di-di, Thien, Thien Lady listen, now set into a set, called A jaw. This is from a French to eleven French, now set into a set called the A-jin. "Based on here, four sets of A-type are classified by short canvas. "The most talked about the cause of heaven,
Why take the number four? Or some people think that it is the Four Veda, this can also be true. But, according to Thien Law, there is also Khat-dà-ca-A-jay, not just four! Sri Lanka's Pali-syllable has five sets, the fifth is Khuat-dà-ca. But if the four acronyms are cited as an editorial excuse, it is not original. I doubt that Khuat-dà-ca is associated with the Mahayana sutras, I will discuss in the following.
II. Asian Awareness Propagation
Pho Tanh Nhan Duyen Story 2 has a funny thing as follows:
Ananda travel to a bamboo forest, listening to a Bhikkhu chanting cliff: "If a hundred years living, do not see the duck sky, not to live a day, but to see it." Ananda told the monk that this is not the teaching, now listen to me read: "If a hundred years living, do not understand the law of birth, not to live a day, but understand it" . At that time, this monk told Aunt talk to his teacher. The master said: "Aan nan old mumbling, words say many mistakes, do not believe, he just recited as before."
The Buddhist scriptures at that time were based on memorization but not recorded, so the meaning was changed, so that Ananda still has that wrong then, despite the high level of education as Ananda teaches but can not be corrected properly; Therefore Mencius moan: "News completely in books, read more than books!" Not only the changes but also easy to miss,
"Ananda A-jin, who has 100 entries, Ananda took the line to Uu-multi-la, 12 years later, Ananda entered the table. Thus, the sutras lost 90 of them, the foreign masters handed over each other mouth, not heard of the script writing, then only 11 transmission of only then inherit each other is the text The disciple of Udayana is the Self-Enlightenment, learned from the teacher only 11 things, Udayana went into Nirvana.
Such an increase, so are the other sutras. Agama can not say the original version of Ananda. But the Indian Buddhist sects were so many that this sutra could not be exactly the same. Luan Thuan Chanh Ly wrote : "Although the sutras, the sutras, but their names are different" (vol. 1). This, as well as the scriptures at the beginning of the Chinese propaganda is largely recited, so the editors of the text can sometimes be the opposite, such as getting the most as an example. Conclusion of the prayer says: "The Tat-she-majority ( ie SarvastivadaThere are no prefabricated articles and ten works. "So the Tathagata Sutra is certainly different from the Good Samaritan, but the Chinese version now has 52 pieces, not 100 copies of the original. The A-nan, nor the 11th nature of Thien Giac, is not the ninety-one of the Tatami-multi-ministry ( or this translation has not translated, nor sure.), so there are at least four variants in India. I was discussing about this, not because of the scandal. Because the catechesis of the sects of the time was different, though it belonged to a sutra, which the sutras of the sect used were characteristic of the sect, not only as " crane "etc .. there is the heterogeneity of the script only. Try to compare the four sets of Indian translations and the Pali version of Sri Lanka will find many different teachings. Later on, if it is possible to bring the variants of the Aboriginal texts available throughout the world to compare and contrast, to do a comprehensive study, to find out which sects propagate to study the ideological characteristics of each. This is a great work of Buddhist studies.
Four Chinese Acronyms are not translated simultaneously, neither is the original origin, so the origin of the Chinese entry is disagreement. Mr. Tu said that four sets of Asaj are transmitted by the Great Monk. Lord Dharma says that the Sangha is the Great Sangha; A-jaw, A-ji by Ahead of One; The A-function is transmitted by the Land Department.
III. The origin of A-function infusion
In terms of the translation, in China, the first type of Dhammapada, ie the book of words in the sutras. Next is the translation of the A-junction, because the A-function is the sequence, which is independent of the heaven, so the division of the heaven does not cause any loss. (An epidemic of menopause).
Ah-function is serial, due to the large number of small singles that sing, in India also chanted separately. For more than 100 years of the early period, translators like An The Cao, Chi Khiem, Phap Hao, Phap Cu were translated from these monographs, do you know if it originates from a series? , I do not dare to say. The total number of the four A-levels is not true. According to today's Chinese version, the A-junction consists of 30, Middle Ages 222, A-junction 72, A short jaw and many can not specify the exact number, only about 1200 - 1300 or more (option 1 includes 28 chapters, full set of 50 books) , more than 2000 types, but not yet fully (The best, each product is progressive from 1 to 10, a product has 10 business. At present there are only 472 books, which are probably missing. But according to the Distinguished Professor of China , this set must have up to 100 compositions into 1000, which is transmitted to China less than half . Now check in the mainland, the aggregate of the Hinayana there are about 1000 types, of which except for about ten kinds, most of them are Aigyas.
Previous translations did not satisfy the reader's requirements, so the beginning of Dongtan's life began with complete translations. The first is the A-junction, A-junction, next to the A-junction and the last A-jaw is translated during 60 years to complete.
1. A-ji was Daman-nan-translated in 384 with the help of the Buddha and Dam Tung.
2. The Arama was raised by the monk and laughter in 398 with the aid of the Tao.
3. The A-jade school was translated in 413 by the Buddha-dynasty in a translation of the Buddhist Dharma and Taoism.
4. Acupuncture was translated by Pan-na-can-la in 443 with the help of Dũng.
The beginning of the translation of A-jin at this stage was Ananda, the translator of the A-ji and A-ji, which was the year of the Deceased Phuc Kien, wrote: "That year the city of military conflicts, gongs drums up to the capital city." By the time the siege, hurriedly translated to complete, next year, the President of the Guardian, so he wrote in the title of Middle Ages: "Service people lost meaning, outstanding master died It is impossible to correct it correctly, "so the two sets of A-levels translated into Qin are not perfect. This undated rectification, currently in Tibet, is the 384th edition (This is based on the old record that said like, in fact I have a point of doubt. The title of An Tao says 41 volumes, which now have 50 copies. The title of An Tao has the phrase "The lack of a shelf," which seems to refer only to the word, which now contains the word, perhaps added later. The title of Taoist monk said, "Total 472 sutras," if the sutra today is not that many, it may prove to be an addition, unfortunately I do not have time to tally.). The Aramaic commenced from the efforts of Phap Hoa and ÐaDi, and was reintroduced by Laocai from Ke Tan to translate the second translation, but the first translation is no longer seen. Has previously had a translation of the Qin Dynasty, not known in the time of Taoist or the time of His Holiness. As for A-class, the translator's background is as simple as the above.
When I studied the origin of the four Agate Aids, I was interested in finding translators to discover which Acts were transmitted by the sect. Hinayana Buddhism in India has as many as 20 sects according to the A-levels of Buddhism, but the chapters of the sects are as heterogeneous as they were before. The Four Noble Truths of the Four Noble Truths are said to have been passed down from the Great Hall, or from the Great Hall of Ami, Central A-ji, -Domesticism, do not know where this theory came from. Now from the translators of the four sets of A-levels and other documents, I compare and compare some of the following:
1. Increased A-function
I suspect based on the copy of the Most Compassionate and then supplemented by the Great Hall. The translator Daman-nan-subject is Dau-chan. The region-dwelling is located in the missionary area of the First Defender. In recent years, Europeans excavated in Kucha have been given the Ba-mu-xoa ( precepts ) by Nguyet Chi, which is the Tathagata of Bhikkhus -Bad-the Ministry (The One-Sets ) by He was translated.
The Ca-ni-ka-ka festival organizes the festival of Tỳ-bà-sa, a Nguyet Thi lineage, which has a very deep connection with Huu Bo, Tu-khac-lac in Nguyet Thi, using the Nguyet Thi script. of course, you must learn the Way. According to the dissertation of the German, the highest A-junction of the other school has only 11 products, only the Huu Bo is still 90 products. The current circulation of 51 products, apparently transmitted from the Ministry, not enough than 90 products or because of the translation is not completed, because at this time the enemy is surrounded, death Luong Cong Duc also states: "The text of the Dalai Lama has no title." In the title of Taoist An also said: "Missing part of the shelf". "Postscript", "shelf" seems to indicate the word Product. Then a wordbook of the present may not be of the original but by the latter from another version of the sect. The text used to add this could be the Mahasarakha version, so he said, "The Most Merciful is from the Great Hall. The Magi's multi-lingual language would have been associated with the Mahayana.
2. Middle Ages
I suspect it comes from Nhat Thiet. The first translations of Aramaic and Sangha of Damas-nan have been shown to have been transmitted from the Self. The current version is a translation of 398, by the Sangha-la-Sanskrit teaching Sanskrit, Sanskrit-translated-her-Sanskrit, both are Ke Tan ( ie Ca-low-di -Jan Tan is the base of the Self, everyone knows. The translation of the Abhidharma-Bikkhat- commentary is the most important book of the Book of Laodhi. Possible. So the three translators of A-ji are the Great Masters of the Law, Dharma Master said that A-jin was transmitted from the Society is evidence of history.
3. A-junction school
I suspect it comes from Dam Do Gia. The translator of A-junction is the Buddha-Da-da-Xa is also the Kei Tan, but the Fourth Law of the Dharma Assembly is also He chanting, enough to know He is a member of the Dhamma, so the School His jaw chanting would also be used by the Dam Doi Duc.
4. Acupuncture
I suspect it comes from the Ministry Diaspora. Naga-na-da-la-la-A-java, translated A-js, is a Meditation Trúc, which is the famous Mahayana, not very related to the Hinayana, into China, actually by Fa-Show. Fa-Hsien was in the Su Tu kingdom , also known as the Law of Diary. Then, Aphasic jokes are of course related to the Diaspora Ministry, which flourished in the South Thien Truc. Leo must have been influenced by this sect, before the Bridge to China, he also resided in this country for some time.
The aforementioned survey evidence does not seem to have anything to do with the economic sense, but the doctrine of the ancient Hindu sects transmit far very little ( except Huu Ministry ). Finding a bit of the four Aces also helps to study the history of Indian thought.
IV. Necessity and methodology of A-function
In China, from the Sui, the Way ( 6th century ) later, the Buddha taught that discussing the Hinayana is a shame, so the Agate was shelved for more than a thousand years. And I think that really want to study Buddhist studies must study A-function, for the following reasons:
- A-jaw is the first established class, using the form of public meetings, is very reliable, so, although not dare to say that the Buddha speaks in A-junction, but A-junction occupy a part The importance of the Buddha said, this is no longer suspected.
1. Most of the Buddhist scriptures are literary works, but not inevitable, but compared with other scriptures, A-jin is less literary, but very honest nature. Therefore, although not dare to say that every sentence of each word of A-jaw is the Buddha's words, but it contains many and pure words that the Buddha does not cover the other.
2. A-function is the ability of a type of language, the nature of roughly the same with the Lunyu, to experience the realistic personality of Thich Ton without studying this is not.
3. The basic principle of Buddhism as the Four Noble Truths, Cross II predestined, not Khandhas period, Industrial felt reincarnation, Satipatthana, Eightfold Path ... are stated in A-levels. If this basic doctrine does not understand correctly, it is impossible to understand the Mahayana scriptures.
4. A-jaw not only does not conflict with the Mahayana sutras, but the Mahayana teachings carried in it no less, do not allow us to disparage the natural, urine, and then ignore.
5. Astronomy presents a lot about the contemporary social situation, reading A-body can know the circumstances of the life of Thich Ton and how hard he was mentally engineered. We are different from other countries in the Buddha, how to use Buddhism, can be considered here by self.
The necessity of the study of A-function was so helpful. But the reason why A-type research is not popular is because:
1. Pho too much
2. Complex celestial chord: The chancery of the four sets of Agamas coincide with each other, there are cases in the same set of the previous one with the same complex, the same paragraph that the average of the four found. appear three four times, sentences only slightly different.
3. Repeated repetition: We can read Aphasis in the presence of the redundancy of the contemporary Indian language. Every once in a while, the villain speaks the same sentence repeatedly. At the time of questioning, it is often said that a paragraph of three or four thousand letters is only a few points, which should be used only in the ten sentences is enough, the reader a little hasty It is impossible to know what is the chief, where is the auxiliary, so easy to be bored.
4. The bureaucratic text: The most advanced A-junction and Middle Ages are translated in the context of war, Central Asia has revised, while the increase of the original, Also feel not satisfied. The A-function, translated A-function, better than the two previous translations, but also are the first stage of the translation platform, so the translator's experience and talent is not equal to the translator later. As for the terminology, much of which later translators have gradually corrected and the terminology in A-js is eliminated, so today the term A-junction is difficult to understand.
Now want to restore "A-school learning", need to embark on the following methods:
First of all, it is necessary to bring important teachings into the following topics: suffering, impermanence, non-self, causal attachment, five aggregates, four meditations ... about thirty or forty. Then classify the sutras according to the title, take a sutra or two, three sutras, while the other sutras or near short ones are placed in the annex. In the case of the complete sutras, only the names in the same section, if compiled as such, only about one tenth of the original, but want to study how many important doctrines in Ajout, how they are related, how they can be understood, and the basic Buddhist viewpoints that can be established.
Giving materials related to Hindu society and customs in Aphrodite to classify, edit and consider its relation to Buddhism, as records of the four-class regime for We see the spirit of equality of Buddhism, see the records of sacrificial rituals, which see the spirit of destroying superstition of Buddhism.
- It is necessary to pay close attention to the local and human resources, bring the places where Thich Ton has resided and traveled in Acom, make a list, see where he preached the most, where next, Where does the theory of any kind. About people who are exposed to the Buddha as disciples, monarchs, elders, civilians, foreigners ..., each person should do a demonstration to know how to teach the Buddha's teachings. Thus, it is possible to provide accurate documentation of the Buddha-like story, stories of Buddhist disciples, Indian history ...
The four A-levels are a treasure of precious culture, regardless of whether the study of any value.END=NAM MO SAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY=THICH CHAN TANH.THE MIND OF ENLIGHTENMENT.VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=GOLDEN LOTUS MONASTERY=AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.28/7/2018.
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