1. The Age of Buddha Shakyamuni.

The epoch of Sakyamuni Buddha was in the sixth century AD to the 5th century BC. Now Indian society under slavery, formed the country, the city, the business sector quite developed. India's slavery in the West has been different, India has no slave size, slaves are not so heavily invaded as the West, In India the slave class does not exhibit the phenomenon of violent resistance like the West. There are some who argue that slavery in India was only a form of slavery at an early stage, and then stagnated at this stage, not continuing to develop.

The development of Indian society is: From north-west India to east India. The first is the Ganges River Basin, the Indian River Valley and the Pearl River Delta, which form the so-called 'China' of India. By the sixth century BC, the Ganges were lower in the lower reaches of the Ganges, which was central to India, where many of them were established, with urban centers, some calling it 16 states. Pàli, the first, and the fourth, the equivalent of Han Dynasty, Central A function, vol. 55 "Exactly economic" to the Catholic Church of the United States has recorded 16 countries). By the time of Buddha Shakyamuni, the 16th-century country, there was a great change, in which the strongest countries were Magadha in the South of the Ganges, Kieu Tat La in the Northwest, and the United States ("

The political situation of each country is not the same, there are monarchy countries, there are countries under the republic. The republican countries also have leaders, not just through the congressional system, the great things through the majority of the congressional assembly decide, this is the remnant of the original convention regime left again. The Republican regime only exists in the Northeast of the United States, in the United States, in the La Mata and in the Caves of the Shakyamuni. These countries are completely destroyed. Later, it reflects the current social situation.

In other countries, there is usually a racial identity (literally meaning "splashing"), meaning "beauty." Ariyans are white, occupying dominant positions, indigenous people are black, are the ruled, this is the caste division in Indian society). There are only two races in India, and the Ariyans continue to be divided into four classes: 1. La Rom, 2. Loi Loi, 3. Nap, 4 Dalat. Brahmin was a class that helped the ruling class to assassinate, hold the cultural and religious sphere. By the time of the Shakyamuni, the Brahmanical class of the Brahmanical class displayed power dissatisfaction, the supporters of Brahmanical thought, forming a battlefield against the Brahminical class. . The Savoy Class consists of agricultural, industrial and commercial people, The oppression of the two upper classes is very serious.India's industrial prosperity, prosperity (with Burma, Persia, and Arabia) have been trafficked, and merchants become wealthy. Politics creates urgent requirements.

The formation of these social forces undermined the political and ideological aspects of the brahminical class, which led to the contemporary society appearing six philosophical representations For the classes that are not in the same position in society ("Kinh Duy Ma", "Da Dhamma", "School A function.") - Documents are related to the thought of these six sects. The Nam Kinh School of Nam Truyen also recorded, not through the records of Nam Bac transmission heterogeneous).

In the six philosophies, the first is a materialist, whose representative is Ajita Kesa Kambala, later known as Thuan Giao. This faction gives the four elements: earth, water, wind, fire are the permanent elements of existence, people and the world created by these four great beings; Not accepting souls, people die when they return the four elements. The purpose of human life is to seek and satisfy the pleasures. This doctrine is a protest against the sacrifice of Brahmanism, who represents the slave class.

The second is Sanjaya Velatthiputta, a school of intuition, with no problem, such as whether or not there is life after birth, with or without this fate. Say, say yes, say not immediately. Thus, people give this thought, the school curvy as a salary, it is difficult to grasp. This philosophy advocates practicing meditation, in order to seek wisdom. In the disciples of the Buddha, he Meng Kien Lien, Saree Phat have this school of study. The doctrine of the sect also implied that the world was transformed by the Buddha into Brahmanism. To the age of "letter meaning" still acknowledges the theory of karma, samsara, Tan Di expressed expression of no credibility by neither affirming nor negative.

The third is the Makha - Makkhali - Gosala, who advocates dharma, ie without acknowledging karma, without parents, practicing nonsense is not beneficial. Only through the time of 840 thousand lives, to that time not to argue that the fool is free. This lineage argues that man is made up of elements that are made of materialism. The followers of this sect have given themselves the doctrine of right view, in addition to being "evil foreigners" even Buddhism.

The fourth is the Purana Kassapa. This doctrine, along with the similar Le Monde doctrine, denied the good and evil doctrines of the karmic theory and the doctrine of Brahmanism. These followers came from the slave class.

The Fifth, the Three Dharmas - Pakudha - Kaccayana, denies human behavior having no effect on future life, assuming that the human body is composed of seven elements, one of which is the seven factors human beings die, these elements of eternity exist, bring materialistic ideas. The three doctrines claim to be the same, so often confused between one another and the other, these three are self-proclaimed "mainstream". On the contrary, Buddhism calls them " " These followers, coming from the slave class, the doctrines that represented the interests of the fourth class were the slave class.

The sixth, Nigantha Nata-putta, which later developed into Jainism, advocated the loss of meaning: First of all, to bring the world into two categories, being alive and without life The Being born without being liberated, due to karma or tied up, therefore, must be prevented, destroyed to achieve liberation.This sect says that the karmic retribution of human beings is so heavy, that the karmic retribution is over, it is necessary to go through ascetic practice, so asceticism. This idea, in fact, maintains Brahmanism. Ni Kian Zi from the dynasty, the mother is the daughter of the king, sister is king, so can say the doctrine of the sect also represent the interests of the ruling class. This opposite of the Buddha Shakyamuni, there was a conflict between the two.

The race of Shakyamuni is unclear, some say the Ariyan race, the Mongol race, is located in southern Nepal, adjacent to the Rapti River in northeastern India. Legend has it that at the foot of the Himalayas, there is an area of ​​about 20 kilometers wide, 16 kilometers wide, with a total area of ​​about 320 square kilometers. The biggest is the Queen's protection, so take this city as the name of the country. According to legend, there are 16 major countries in India, but there is no name for the name of Kapilavastu. Hsuan - Tsang visited this place, the base of the "Western Wall", that the ruin of this city still exists ... This country has 80,000 households, a total of 500 thousand people, according to the regime plus Air. At the time,

In the face of such a situation, Shakyamuni for the country must of course be responsible, how to escape the threat of the crown? King Sri Soudhothana naturally wishes his son, Shakyamuni, to continue his succession, to maintain his territory.

However, Shaky himself did not want to succeed the head of the nation; on the contrary, he left the palace according to the study thinkers, and finally Shaky himself founded the doctrine, propagated everywhere, developed into religion. From then on, the myths about him naturally became more and more sacred. For these myths, there have been many scholars studying and now there are still many who continue to study, so far, the history of his life is relatively clear.

The legends of the Buddha, partly preserved in the Sutra, are largely preserved in the Vinaya. Each law has its own Law, so the Buddha is not the same. The masses of the Buddha are called 'great things'. The Dharma orders are called the 'business rules' (the law of the law is called the "Four Laws"). In the Chinese translation of the book, there is a relatively complete set of Buddhist scriptures as "Buddhist business practice" consists of 16 books, translated into Sui, gathering the various Buddhist stories from 5 ministries. Buddhists in the law of the sectarian records only about the birth, the event of the monk, the enlightenment of the Buddha, and even after the formation of the six years, he returned to the palace, but from then on His activities are not recorded, in the "Buddhist business organization" is only recorded so. Ma Ming wrote the book "The Buddhist Center" also relied on these sources, and then added until the Buddha's passing (In addition, Ma Ma Minh also wrote the chapter in " , not just one set, including the Duke of Death. Shakyamuni after his enlightenment, his followers organized into mass organizations, set up many regimes, including the regime of residence.

Based on the existing data, after the Buddha's enlightenment, within 45 years, each residence site has a record, and very reasonable. First, the Buddha resides in Wang Xa, the capital of Ma monastery, second, more than 20 years in the city, is the capital of Kieu Tat La. Accordingly, based on material, it is possible to report 45 years of Buddhism. This is the story of Buddha Shakyamuni's truth.

The central tasks of the Buddha, through the work of "Indian Buddhist studies," through which we can see part of his life. It is as follows: In his youth he was educated seriously, when the head of the family, childbirth, 29 years old monk, go to Magadha find teacher teachers, but not satisfied, experience Ascetic years are still unhappy, in the end he founded the new doctrine at the age of 35. From there, the Buddha began to praise the Dhamma, experiencing 45 years. The places where he used to say Dharma is Magadha, Kiều Tát La and Bansha, east to Champa, west to Mau La, wide range.

Why did Shakyamuni want to leave? Through reflection in his doctrine, how does social content manifest? Contemporary Indian socialist ideology is very developed, these thinkers came from the Apostolic epoch not a few. In fact, there are many problems that the Brahmins do not understand must study in the Veritable Class. (In the "Letters of Meaning" refers to this issue.) As far as the subject of the fallen nature is concerned, this concept is Brahman's theory, but later on, they themselves do not explain clearly, they must study in the Pure Land. As the doctrine of samsara, founded by the emperor Bajan, who then sacrificed himself for this theory, developed into karma, and was considered is the secret to worship. Facing this situation, Shakyamuni said,

According to legend, after he was born, he predicted that if he were not king, he would be the thinker, the prophet, reflecting the current situation that he had to deal with. Road is the academic or political choice. This is the cause of the Buddhist monk, in addition to many different theories. It is said that he saw the suffering of the elderly, the sick and the dead, and saw the free life of the monk, leading to his birth; In addition, there is the theory that when he saw the farmer plowing the field, the bird was eaten, but the farmer is calm, do not show pity before the death of a living. This scene, causing him to compassion before the death of others, at the same time understand the meaning of impermanence. Is his ordination due to the suffering of the farmer and the suffering of the impermanent life? In China, there is some evidence that Shakyamuni, living in the imperial palace, did not feel the pain, had to leave the palace, touch the social phenomena, and gave him the idea of ​​the world. is suffering. This material, although not clear and authentic, but said the farmer is suffering, this concept and his doctrine is similar.

To maintain and respond to Shakyamuni's doctrine, some of the recorded material, the king of Qin Ba La Ma, was very admirable, and brought Trúc Lâm to the worship hall as a place of great pride. France. Later, he was also responded to by his race, and was eventually trusted by the Persian king. In addition, the Blessed are also traders such as the Siddhartha, Classical ancestry, etc. are popular supporters of the contemporary. There is a theory that, Park Loc model lecture is by a wealthy bride brought his precious jewelry sold, taking the money to build this lecture. Later, the Blessed One went to Vesali, where the area of ​​Jainism was very difficult to work, but he was also offered by the Venerable Anwa La Vay, Habitat "refers to this Plenary). It has been argued that Armani is a false man who claims to be a female, whatever the material support of the aristocracy. In the disciples of the Buddha, the opening is five monks, the second is the Da Xa merchants, he and his 60 disciples to the refuge of the Buddha. Thereby, we see, the supporters of the Buddha are the people of the wealthy, so his doctrine is representative of the masses, and here are not enough words to prove the Specific examples.

* * *

2. The Structure and Formation of Theravada Buddhism.

The original structure of Buddhism consists of two aspects of form and content. After that, the disciples of the Buddha Trust and maintain these two types of sutras and Laws. Then, how to maintain? For 45 years, the Buddha praised the Dharma, where he lectured relatively broad, not only that, he also allowed the use of local language students, fixed. According to contemporary custom, the mode of maintaining these sutras is 'oral transmission', depending on the memory transmitted to each other, the most adapted for memory is the use of the form of 'chanting', because of the form of vow It is short, has a sound, convenient for reading and memorizing.

In the Vinaya of the sects, there are some documents preserved by the Buddhist disciples chanting (refer to Lai Duy "original Buddhist scriptures chanting the dharma"), the sutras refer to this issue as " "Pali literature, is the copy of the Buddhist scriptures", "The Three Sutras" (Hainan translation in "Dhamma Essay", "Dhamma teacher directory" are used, Pali literature It is written in the Scriptures), "The Dharma Script" (Han, Pàli have a single copy) etc. The above mentioned sutras use the form of reclining. These chants, there are some types of no questions that self-answer (question self-theory), there are some types of questions. In addition, there are some issues as the Buddha said the time, where and who the object is, etc., are also recorded, call it 'Dependent Origination'.

Thereby, it can be said that the form of preserving the rule of law is centered, its meaning, must be through explanation, that is to continue development. This explanation is called the Abhidharma, meaning 'law'; The Sutra is the domain of 'dharma', what explains the 'dhamma' is called 'dharma'. The forms of the law are as follows:

1. Prosperity (discourse), simply bring the Buddha's teachings to explain, both simple and clear, easy to understand the meaning. This method, the Buddha itself has used, such as the "Great Vehicle" in the A field function, is the interpretation of the Buddha for legal conditions.

2. Mātrka (matrimony), this is the method of explaining the main points of the whole text, which is called 'model', that is, from this simple point of view, many moral principles arise, such as mother giving birth . This method, there are some by the Buddha said, there are some by the disciple said.

3. Determination, meaning that in different types of dictation choose a type, this is mainly proposed mode of choice general.

Because there are so many generalizations, to determine its meaning, so divide the different categories.This method is largely based on the number of words that are classified, ie from the first to the tenth, so called 'crossover' or 'the highest'. The tenth or more tenths of a century also has the 'Twelve Causation' etc., but very few. Thus, this method of classification, both convenient for spreading the Dharma, is easy to remember.

Because of such a situation, it can be said that the method of storing the Buddha's teachings is to use the form of 'reciting', followed by 'dependent origination', from which it develops as' After the Buddha's passing away, these forms became fixed. According to the legend that, after the Buddha's death, not long ago, in the eavesdrop on the imperial palace, there is a holy collection of 500 monks.This complex, recorded in the sutras of the sects, has the same basic content, but there are some minor parts that are not the same, as each sets itself in or out. At this gathering, the participants were the disciples of the Buddha, led by Lord Caudata, who convened the convention, the mode of the conference was to "recite the reading", which in the conference nominated a rereader of the Buddha's teachings for all. conference, then assessed by the members of the conference. What is conferred by the convention, that is considered the Buddha said. This class aggregation method is also an aggregation form of the following.

Content This episode, according to legend, includes the Sutra and the Law, even the Abhidharma. The first is that the combination of business and law is believed, but the conclusion is not possible. Even after the Buddha's passing away, this collection is also a difficult issue to determine, let alone the organ harvesting, but this can also happen, especially the problem of precepts, It is necessary to define the precepts. Based on the laws of the lineages, we can find the so-called 'primitive'; or the one produced from the first set.

The classics that are assembled at the first time is not A jaw? It does not seem to be. In the A function, it refers to the form of the 'catechumenate' (1. business, 2. recitation, 3. distinction, 4. chanting, 5. self-talk, 6. as tongue, 7. giving birth 8. Perspiration, 9. The way of advertising, According to the Buddha explained (Buddhagosha), also store a part of the nine parts of the teaching is (Pali text into the Ministry, Chinese translation is organs) . Therefore, we can speculate, very likely that the classics that are assembled in the first is the form of the spear, later edited into A function.

Editorial Standard A Function.

The first is based on the short length of the classification that: As long as the content is classified in the A field function; Short content is in A Journal (Compatible); average content is in the middle of the function; In addition, there is one type y on the number of large and small items that assign, this type is placed in the largest increase A function. The second is based on the content of the business that classification: As Business School A function, most of the contents of this business refers to the problems of the foreign, such as "business results" use the 6 chants outside the religion; The sutras explain the study, edited in the Middle Ages; The presentation of the Dharma practice meditation, editing into A jaw; The contents, which tend to propagate widely, are edited into the A-max. The edification and formation of the Sutra of about 100 years after the Buddha's death.

From then on, there were quite a number of different views on the A-list and the ministry, and it may be said that there was a disagreement about the lineage. According to the legend that the Sutra is due to A Sutra, the law is read by Baidu, each of them has its own system, and according to legend, Disagreements arise, it is said that he also has his own system. The second set of scriptures, Mr. A Na Law has its own system. These differences, inevitably, have an impact on Buddhism.

Concerning the content of the Buddha's original teachings, Sakyamuni's account mentions a number of issues: Shakyamuni, from enlightenment to enlightenment, Do not leave the context of the class. He wanted to substitute the caste class for solving the dilemma of contemporary ideological chaos, his philosophical philosophy of philanthropic (philosophical and philosophical), in opposition to philosophy. This is the replacement of the fatherland, the name of the holy name of Shakyamuni (the character of the Shakyamuni). This point, for his predecessor, has a great advantage. For example, at old age weak Sun often proclaimed the teachings in Kieu slap,

Under the social class, Shakyamuni's theory tends to resist materialism, which is natural. He strongly opposed the six contemporary philosophies, his ideas did not go to extremes, the opposite was peaceful. That led him to success, because the classes in society supported, even some Brahmanical followers followed him. On the one hand, he did not approve of the Brahmin nature, but on the other hand, he almost agreed to the racial identity. We can take the "Five Precepts" as the moral basis of contemporary society as a typical example.

Shakyamuni also takes these five precepts as moral criteria, but does not fully agree. He takes the precepts of "lust" as one of the five precepts of Brahmanism. changed to "do not drink alcohol". Again, as he advocated, all things in the world are not real - "no," say Nirvana, but in other respects, The world, said that the main preference for helping others is happiness. It can be said, the practice of Shaky compared to the harsh ascetic practice, the self-inconvenience of Brahmanism is much simpler, so people are welcome to receive, especially level traders.

Shakyamuni used to consult and study with prominent contemporary scholars, so his doctrine was complete, for he knew the inheritance and the selection of the other theories. Thus, his doctrine was closely related to other theories of contemporary Indian society. Contemporary theories have two tendencies: 1. Brahmanical thought, that the formation of the universe is from a fundamental nucleus transforming into other, this thought is called theory in the fruit nucleus . Using it to direct the practice, the followers of meditation practice meditation, through meditation to recognize the so-called "core human", from which it can reach the realm of liberation. . 2. Brahmanical thought, which means that things are joined by many people, which is called the "doctrine in the fruitless." This doctrine is used to direct life, then divide it into two different sects, one ascetically practicing asceticism, and the other focusing on satisfying lust. With respect to these theories, Shakyamuni did not accept, so he introduced the doctrine of "Dependent Origination". He said that the dhammas together rely on the condition of birth and death, not by one person. Born many fruit, also not many people produce a fruit that is together to do the cause. The purpose of this theory is to break the Brahmanical "intellectual" theory, which has an atheistic tendency, but his doctrine does not thoroughly destroy the whole of Brahmanism, but he believes Using the "karma" theory, the effect of karma is of great importance in life. Then the sect divides into two different sects, one ascetically practicing asceticism, and the other devoting to desires. With respect to these theories, Shakyamuni did not accept, so he introduced the doctrine of "Dependent Origination". He said that the dhammas together rely on the condition of birth and death, not by one person. Born many fruit, also not many people produce a fruit that is together to do the cause. The purpose of this theory is to break the Brahmanical "intellectual" theory, which has an atheistic tendency, but his doctrine does not thoroughly destroy the whole of Brahmanism, but he believes Using the "karma" theory, the effect of karma is of great importance in life. Then the sect divides into two different sects, one ascetically practicing asceticism, and the other devoting to desires.With respect to these theories, Shakyamuni did not accept, so he introduced the doctrine of "Dependent Origination". He said that the dhammas together rely on the condition of birth and death, not by one person. Born many fruit, also not many people produce a fruit that is together to do the cause. The purpose of this theory is to break the Brahmanical "intellectual" theory, which has an atheistic tendency, but his doctrine does not thoroughly destroy the whole of Brahmanism, but he believes Using the "karma" theory, the effect of karma is of great importance in life. and other desires to satisfy desire. With respect to these theories, Shakyamuni did not accept, so he introduced the doctrine of "Dependent Origination". He said that the dhammas together rely on the condition of birth and death, not by one person. Born many fruit, also not many people produce a fruit that is together to do the cause. The purpose of this theory is to break the Brahmanical "intellectual" theory, which has an atheistic tendency, but his doctrine does not thoroughly destroy the whole of Brahmanism, but he believes Using the "karma" theory, the effect of karma is of great importance in life. and other desires to satisfy desire. With respect to these theories, Shakyamuni did not accept, so he introduced the doctrine of "Dependent Origination". He said that the dhammas together rely on the condition of birth and death, not by one person. Born many fruit, also not many people produce a fruit that is together to do the cause. The purpose of this theory is to break the Brahmanical "intellectual" theory, which has an atheistic tendency, but his doctrine does not thoroughly destroy the whole of Brahmanism, but he believes Using the "karma" theory, the effect of karma is of great importance in life. The same conditions do not kill each other, not due to a multiplicity of fruit, not many people bring a fruit that is together to do the cause. The purpose of this theory is to break the Brahmanical "intellectual" theory, which has an atheistic tendency, but his doctrine does not thoroughly destroy the whole of Brahmanism, but he believes Using the "karma" theory, the effect of karma is of great importance in life. The same conditions do not kill each other, not due to a multiplicity of fruit, not many people bring a fruit that is together to do the cause. The purpose of this theory is to break the Brahmanical "intellectual" theory, which has an atheistic tendency, but his doctrine does not thoroughly destroy the whole of Brahmanism, but he believes Using the "karma" theory, the effect of karma is of great importance in life.

The two systems of narrative have taken the ontology as the basis, but Shakyamuni's doctrine does not fundamentally address issues related to ontology, such as "14 unsigned problems" (Signature is a distinction, meaning 14 issues not explained) He mentioned: The universe is often or impermanent? Is the universe real or infinite? Is life dead? Is life and death one or the other? etc. (The first three types, each classified into four problems, as usual, impermanent, ordinary impermanent, non-organic non-impermanent etc., the latter divided into two problems, a total of 14 issues.) These problems, for the contemporary scholars, were discussed together, but Shaky himself, on the other hand, refused to discuss, on the grounds that these issues were with his life. In fact, human beings have no relationship,As if bringing them to discuss, also do not solve what helps people. Therefore, in the cause and effect, he does not recognize the so-called "first person".

Shakyamuni's doctrine has its own characteristics, as we see Shakyamuni's doctrine from the beginning to the end always using analytical, comparative analysis of each issue. From the very beginning, between the two tendencies of desire and the austerity of asceticism, he should choose the path of the two extremes; in the end he chose the "middle way". His middle way is to focus on the aspect of real action, as he argued that the viewpoint of contemporary materialists, the desire to satisfy lust is the purpose of human life is unreasonable, even It is not right for the nihilist in the practice of asceticism to say that the path of "Middle Way", the path of suffering and unhappiness, is the true path.

Later, Shakyamuni developed this idea into a theoretical system, without attachment on one side. He said that I was "the analyst, distinguished" is not the talker leaning on one side. Documentary refers to this view, the earliest is "Dhammapada - Complete Nephi", said, "Divergent disciplines, human leg disintegration." This is the proof of the content that the Buddha said in the original "distinguish pseudocode.

Does Shakyamuni's Doctrine Have An Heir? Some people say that before Buddha Shakyamuni still has a Buddha, like the Buddha Ca lettuce, "Dhammapada" is the lineage of the Buddha Ca lettuce.Some people say that there are not only one Buddha but all four Buddhas. King Asoka took these four Buddhas as objects of worship.

* * *

3. Important Points of Theravada Buddhism

Buddhist followers say that after Shakyamuni's practice, he first taught the Dhamma at Deer Park, calling it the first Falun Dafa. Falun Dhamma is a parable, the Indian legend says that one has the ability to dominate the whole of India, there is a natural 'appearance'. Luan this nothing can shake, champion nothing equal. If one is to say this, the claim is the rotation of the Holy King. When Shakyamuni left, he had to choose one of the two paths, one was the king of the Cakkavatti (the leader of the nation), the other was the Dharmakaya (the thinker). The teachings of the Buddha called the rotation of the dharma, at the same time express the great truth of the Buddha was enlightened.

Legend has it, the first time the Sun sent the Dharma wheel, for five brothers Kieu Tran Nhu at Deer Park, in Ba la claim. Research from the law shows that for the first time, Shakyamuni speaks of Dharma, not the Four Noble Truths, but the Middle Way, which is in accordance with the truth, because these five people are the same people who practice with him. Previously, Shakyamuni abandoned the ascetic life, left in his heart thinking not about him. Of course the teachings that the Buddha said to them first must be the critique of the ascetic life, the doctrines they advocated, and then they introduced the doctrine of the middle way, The ascetic proof is not the right way to practice, only the middle path is reasonable. Then said the doctrine 'Eightfold Path' (Right Understanding, Right Thought, Right Speech, Right Action, Right Effort,

The heart of the Four Teachings is to tell the truth about the phenomena in human life. The whole human life is not out of two aspects, one is infected (suffering, practice), two is net (killing). The method of organizing the Four Noble Truths, taking the suffering as the basis, the 'practice' is the accumulation of suffering, the 'cessation' is the eradication of suffering, the 'dharma' is the method of eradicating suffering. The Buddha said the Four Noble Truths, say go back to this law for 3 times, 3 times this is called 'Three turn dhamma'. The first step to assert the Four Noble Truths (human birth is suffering, old death is suffering, etc.); Second transfer, indicating the fourth is the meaning of the truth of human life (suffering should know, set the paragraph, kill should be, should practice); The third pass, is to prove that Shakyamuni has attained the attainment of what the Four Noble Truths require.

In each of three turns of the wheel, there are four different types of cognition, called the Four Sides. , called the 'four imperial servants'. This view, is the assertion of the primordial points of Buddhism. The documents in the law are recorded as presented, about 200 years, after the Exalted Exaltation, the edict that the King Asoka left, referring to this also (In France The command 'requires the Buddhist followers to recite one of the seven sutras: "The best sutras," based on archaeological evidence, ie, the three dharmas.)

Later, Buddhism developed to the stage of the Mahayana, can be said as early as the "Maitreya Maitreya", "Lotus Sutra", etc. The opening of these sutras, mentioned the Four Noble Truths, the sutras The Mahayana posthumous period, such as the "Secret Sutra," divides the Buddha's words into three periods, the first telling the Buddha to say the Four Noble Truths. From this it can be said that the Four Noble Truths is the center of thought of the original Buddhism, which is also recognized by all.

Suffering in the Four Noble Truths, later developed into eight sufferings: birth, aging, illness, death, resentment, separation cups, unsatisfactory demand, five aggregates. The first four types of suffering are natural, unavoidable, human expectations, often contrary to these laws, such as the desire to be old, to be born in the birth, etc. thus suffering. The next three generations, are the suffering due to the unreasonable relationship between man and man in society, such as the caste system of contemporary society. Those who do not always have to live together, those who love to be dispersed separated, the material requirements are often not like ... these are called suffering (From this angle. , we can see, Shaky reflects contemporary social phenomena). But what is the origin of human suffering? Shaky said ' unsatisfactory. Why is desire not the cause of suffering? Shakyamuni said that by virtue of the five aggregates, he analyzes the composition of human beings by the five types: materiality, feeling - sensation (called love) The activity of the conceptual mind (called mind), action - is the activity of the will (called the mind), consciousness - unified the previous type. The content of these kinds of things is very complex, the accumulation of these things is called 'aggregates', the five aggregates together with the 'grasping' (the same kind of desire and attachment) kind of desire, so called 'five aggregates'. Based on the view of Shakyamuni, human beings are born with five aggregates, there are five aggregates ie suffering, so the five aggregates are suffering. The origin of this suffering by the desire to arise, except the desire, the exception of suffering,

In the Four Noble Truths of Shakyamuni, Dependent Origination is a characteristic throughout which manifests dissent with other philosophical systems of the universe. When Shakyamuni lived, there were two kinds of thought in Hindu society: 1. Brahmanism, they said that man is born of the Divine Being, the transformation of the fallen god That is the theory of 'transformation'. 2. The philosophical sciences, they argue, are due to many factors that combine (the policy of Thuan sect), called it 'Aggregate'. Shakyamuni opposes these two doctrines, the principle of interdependence. He said that the phenomenal world is a close relationship of cause and effect, and conditions for each other in existence. In the Buddhist scriptures are often used as examples to show the relationship of all things.

If one takes this view, explains the cosmic phenomena, explains the laws of existence of the universe as dependent origination, which is very specific and dialectical. But this doctrine of interdependence, which is not derived from the observation of the universe, is discovered through human life, but also takes it as the basis for solving the problems of birth. Shaky people divide into many parts. According to the records of the Sutra, there are 5 parts, 9 parts, 10 parts, 12 parts, especially the North dividing at most 12 parts, calling it 12 durants, the postmodern Buddhist fixed into 12 Causality, ie ignorance, action, consciousness, name, identity, contact, life, aí, hands, birth, aging. This structure is ignorance as a departure. Therefore, there is the formula: "Try to have good fortune, try to try birth birth." Based on this order, constitutes a causal relationship. The person who took the twelve factors of causation and reincarnation into the three-dimensional dharma of the Hinayana: The past, the 'human' - The present, the 'fruit, the human' - The future 'fruit'. The dualistic theory of the Mahayana: The past the 'human' - Present the 'fruit', or the present 'human' - the future 'fruit'. This theory is somewhat reasonable, since in phenomena, which are two-tailed relations, in this principle, we can find its causal relationship. For example, aging is the result, the cause of it is 'birth'. Most of the Mahayana: the past the 'human' - the present 'fruit', or the present 'human' - the future 'fruit'. This theory is somewhat reasonable, since in phenomena, which are two-tailed relations, in this principle, we can find its causal relationship. For example, aging is the result, the cause of it is 'birth'. Most of cards identical 'of Mahayana: Past that' human '- now that' fruit ', or is now the world''s' - The eschatological 'fruit'. This theory, somewhat justified, because of the phenomenon, which is the relationship 2 life, on this principle, we can find the cause and effect relationship of it. Such as, old age and death is the result, the fundamental cause of it is 'born'.

According to the record of the scriptures, Shakyama observed the birth, starting from old, death 'and then deduce the twelve virtues. In the Fourth sense of the imperative as the center, 12 the cause of craving for love as the basis, if the desire to be free before the need to eradicate craving. Shakyamuni said, love is infinite, never enough, the opposite, human desire is extremely, this heart of desire is the cause of suffering.

Shakyamuni said, human behavior and karma are closely related. 'Action' is the will to act with the purpose of the person, the nature of it is karma. 'Karma' has three types: body, speech and mind, if we try to question, what determines the career? The answer is certainly due to 'ignorance ignorance'. What beings do not know? Shakyamuni said, human beings are impermanent, but beings require 'ordinary', this is the 'ignorance ignorance'. Human birth is not self, because it can not be self, so there is no self, like the house by brick, last, tree, stone combination, that too, human beings by the five aggregates that , but in reverse they are true attachment, this is called 'ignorance'. Born by these ignorant kinds that lead the action, is the source of suffering.

Shakyamuni, the birth of the "impermanent" non-self, from which proposed three clauses: The only legal (legal violated), the legal non-self, all suffering. These three clauses are called 'tam', also called 'tam dham'. In addition to these three generals, one more is 'Nirvana Nirvana', known as 'Four Seals'.For that, in impermanence, selflessness consists of suffering, so 'suffering' is left, there is still the law.'Tam duc press' is based on the origin of development. Dependent Origination consists of two aspects of 'right' and 'rebellious'. It is only for the production of suffering, the opposite is for the direction of Nirvana. Shakyamuni said, who understand interdependence, he understands 'dhamma'. It can be said that interdependent origination is a characteristic of Buddhism.

However, there are some issues that Shakyamuni has not explained yet. For example, Shakyamuni's Originality Theory is intended only to illustrate the phenomena in human life, not to focus on the purpose Other, but it can also explain other phenomena, not only through the universality of this principle, so it would have to modify its structure and the ideal of Nirvana. For example, Shakyamuni negates the existence of the self, while acknowledging the effect of karma. Brahmin karma is a combination of reincarnation, but Shakyamuni denies reincarnation, so what is reincarnation? This is the internal conflict of Shakyamuni. For that reason, later on, his successors in thought have developed heterogeneous development of thought.

Shakyamuni is a gentleman, his karma is also expressed in a very specific way. His life spent much of his time in Kwaitat La, twice preventing King Bhikkhu's attack on the Shakyamuni, and eventually managed to escape Shogunism. In addition, for Brahmanism, the racial regime, manifested the dissatisfaction of the moderate attitude, which manifested his compassion. Cause, Shakyamuni is just a great religious person, not a social reformer. END=NAM MO SAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY=THICH CHAN TANH.THE MIND OF ENLIGHTENMENT.VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=GOLDEN LOTUS MONASTERY=AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.28/7/2018.