General Buddhist studies: Course 4 - lesson 4, Quan kam coast

Universal Buddhist Studies

SRAMANA. Thich Thien Hoa

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Fourth Session

Pratyekabuddhas and Bodhisattvas of Buddhism

Lesson 4

Nhan Duyen.VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY=THICH CHAN TANH.

A. Open Topic

People in the world, because they do not understand things from this universe, have many misconceptions. Some people think that the universe is born of nature. Some people think that the universe was created by an omniscient, almighty god, etc.

According to Buddhism, the universe is beginningless, that is, there is no starting point, and everything in the universe cannot stand alone; on the contrary, have to rely on each other to succeed. In other words, from the big to the small, from the tangible to the invisible, are not outside of predestination. Therefore, in the Buddhist scriptures often say: "The Dharma of conditions"

The existence of tangible species, or in particular of mankind, is not out of that law. Must study the "Twelve charming conditions". After we understand the logic of the double conditions, we still have to find a way to eliminate the vicious cycle of samsara.

To understand and eliminate the cycle of birth and death, we must learn and practice the karmic contemplation, which we present in this lecture.

B. Right Concise

I. Definitions

Why is it called "predestined"? Cause is the cause, only for the main things that is the nucleus, directly spawns another object, such as the grain of blue rice produces the rice. Dependent conditions are conditions, only for things that have a direct or indirect way to support other things to be accomplished. Such as feces, water, light, labor ... are the conditions to help the grain become rice. So karmic affinity is for the things that cause it, but also for the conditions surrounding it.

The word "karmic affinity" has a second meaning: All things are "causes", those "karmic" are "predestined" with each other and become other things. Like lime, bricks, tiles, wood etc ... are the cause, these factors are dependent on each other (relying on the help of) to form a house. Because the French coincide with many layers of interdependent conditions, which turn out to be this or that, in the sutta, "The coincidence of coincidence".

II. Composition Of Causal

The passage above said: "The conditions of predestined harmony". So what karmic conditions are born of sentient beings ”. So the following conditions:

1. Ignorance, 2. Onions, 3. Consciousness, 4. Identity, 5. Luc six, 6. Contact, 7. tho, 8. Ai, 9. prime, 10. Huu, 11. Born, 12. Aging cabinets.

1. Ignorance has many meanings and many types:

a) According to the Mahayana explains: "Not showing the true mind is called ignorance" (Unconsciously meaning the first, the only ignorance).

b) Through the Mahayana and Hinayana explanations: "Understanding the Dharma is not true (misunderstanding), it should be called ignorance" (Real as the truth of truth, the ignorance); such as egolessness that accept real self, lawlessness but accept real dharma etc ...

c) In addition, there are common meanings such as ignorance is not bright, dark, dim, ignorant, etc.

Ignorance, sometimes to the defilements such as greed, hatred and delusion. Formerly someone came to the temple to ask:

What is ignorance?

The master answered:

Homeland so ignorant, also to ask ethics temple!

The guest was angry, his face was flushed red ... The master continued:

Ignorance is that (only the yard), that is ignorance.

Ignorance sometimes only for Si mental states. As saying, "ignorance alone" or "corresponds to ignorance" are all specific to "mental delusion": When it arises on its own, or together with disturbing emotions, greed, hatred, etc.

Ignorance is divided into two categories: basic ignorance and ignorance. As in the twelve conditions, the first "ignorance" is basic, because it is the root of the following ignorance; and "craving, defense, friendship" is the only ignorance. In the quartet or, the ants or, from or, Tran sa or is the ignorance; ignorance or basic ignorance. Among the five pillars, the most abiding of the abode, craving for the craving for the senses, the craving for the pillars and the love for the pillars are the ignorance and the ignorance is the basis for ignorance.

In general, all the afflictions, either gross or subtle of the Mahayana or Hinayana, have the nature to make the mind hidden, and the wisdom mirror to be obscured then called ignorance.

2. Action is action and artifact. Because ignorance negativity emerges, making the body, speech, and mind create the good or evil karma should be called "onions".

3. Consciousness is consciousness, only for the spiritual part. Because the body, speech, and mind, the three karmas create good or evil karma, so when they die, the karmas leading the consciousness to receive karmic retribution (body) suffering or joy in the next life.

4. Identity is the body. In the human body there are two parts:

a) The mental part (mind) only has the calling name, not the image, so it is called "name".

b) The physical part is sharp, so it is called "rupa".

5. At the time of entry, I simply called six seats. Once there is a body, of course there must be six senses (eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body and mind) which are the places of the six senses (rupa, speech, taste, contact, and dharma) reflecting on, so call is "green import".

6. Contact is contact. In the six faculties, in addition to the six ceilings often meet in contact with each other, such as eyes contacting with sharpness, ears contact with sound, nose contact with smell, tongue contact with taste, body contact with warm, cold, smooth, Italy exposed legal ceiling.

7. Life is the life. When the six faculties come into contact with the six mortals, then they receive scenes of joy or sadness, joy or suffering, or ordinary soldiers.

8. Craving is desirable. When healthy life happy scene, then born greed, want to be able to, when encountering the scene of suffering, the mind of anger, sadness, wanting to leave, encounter ordinary soldiers in ignorance. This is the motive for the body, speech, and mind to create karmic actions.

9. Player is taking hold, seeking bridge; more broadly, artifact actions. Due to the favorable scene, the desire, met the scene against the yard, si want to leave; The goal is to find this and that to preserve your ego. Therefore that creates the career of birth and death.

10. Being is there. Because this life has good or evil causes created by itself, the next life decides to "have" the suffering or joy that we have to receive.

11. Birth. Is born. Do "craving, prime, organic" as the current cause created the karma, so the next life, must be born to receive results.

12. Elderly, death. Is old, dead. Having been born, of course suffering the old age and death etc ...

These twelve conditions are closely related to each other, both to bear fruit and cause to the former, and to cause and then to cause, to continue in succession in time and cause sentient beings to be forever spinning in samsara.

III. Method of the Quan

The method of contemplating the twelve conditions and conditions can be divided into two parts: the Save and Consistent shop.

1. Conservation shop. To observe the state of arising and passing of the twelve conditions. There are three types of observation:

a) Contemplation, the arising of the twelve conditions in the distant past, from beginninglessness. From beginninglessness, because the ignorance is motivated, making the mind pure and obscured, like a cloud, so the moon is dim (ignorance), therefore, the expectations from slowly arise (action), so there is mind ( consciousness) and sight, all the world and sentient beings (nama); in the body of sentient beings there are six bases which are the places of the six ceilings, which are often piled into the image (the six realms), and then the roots and the ceiling often come into contact with each other, giving birth to sensation (feeling), and life for life (craving), because Prefer keeping (prime); so that there is (being) born (birth) and old, damn (old, death).

This is about the state of the twelve conditions arising from beginninglessness, created by ignorance, created by the world and sentient beings, and so on, continuing to arise until this day, and forever after etc ...

b) Observe the current state of the twelve conditions in three generations: past, present, future. This is observing the rotation of the twelve conditions in time from the past to the present, from the present to the future. Twelve predestined relationships as well as a chain with twelve loops, one hook to the other, the other to hook, to each other, without clues, and involves all three generations: the past, the present, and the hybrid. But in the past ignorance and action (basic ignorance) as a cause, giving birth to the present fruit (body of this life) is "consciousness, nama, rupa, contact, sensation"; the present fruit (body of this life) returns to create a human being (in the present) as "love, love, friendship" (ignorance); The present cause will become the future (body of the next life) as "birth, old age, death". In short, due to fascination (ignorance) should create karma (onions), because creating karma should bear fruit, cause and effect, and then enchanted to create karma etc. ... cause and effect, result and effect, continue for three generations, going around the six paths of samsara, like a wheel rolling on a string. The only difference is that the actual wheel has only one and changes very slowly; and the wheels of twelve conditions have just come and transformed, always falling and becoming, becoming and falling ... consecutively for three generations; past, present and future.

c) Observe the arising and circulation of the twelve conditions in a recitation of the present. If one takes a short time in the present moment to contemplate, one can also see the arising and passing of the twelve conditions, rather than having to observe three lifetimes. But when facing the scene, it is not clear that all phenomena are flow (ignorance) but start expectations (act) distinguish (consciousness) of objects (rupa); then the ceiling scene reflects on the base (green energy), the base exposure (contact) with the ceiling, born life expectancy (life), life expectancy (craving), purple bridge (player), thus creating out of the career (organic) and then according to the industrial career results (birth, aging, death).

Separating the three customs above, practitioners will draw the following remarks:

Of the twelve conditions and conditions, there are two groups of mercy and two groups of fruits: A group of past causes (including ignorance and onions) and a group of present causes (including birth, old age, and friendship).

On the fruit side, there is a group of present fruits (including consciousness, nama, six realms, contact, feeling) and a group of future fruits (including birth, old death).

"Ignorance, action" is the basis of ignorance, "love, defense, property" is the only ignorance. We can say "ignorance, onions" is the nickname of "love, prime, organic", while "consciousness, materiality, six colors, contact, feeling" is the anonymity of "birth, old age, death". That is because, if we switch back and forth, we will see clearly: in "love, love, friendship", there is "ignorance and action", and in "birth, old age, death" there is "consciousness, materiality, six, six, six.

Ignorance belongs to "or"; act belongs to "karma"; consciousness, nama, six-syllable, contact, feeling, belong to "suffering"; craving belongs to "or"; prime, property belongs to "karma"; birth, old age, death belongs to "suffering".

OR

Suffering Industry

View the map:

12 Nhon coast related 3 life cycle

1. NHON (past tense)

1. Ignorance (or)

2. Onions (karma

Basic ignorance (with love, friendship)

2. RESULTS (currently)

1. Consciousness

2. Identity

3. Luc green

4. Contact

5. Tho

(suffering) The present body

3. NHON (past tense)

1. Aùi (or)

2. Prime (career)

3. Friendship

Ignorance misconduct (with ignorance, onions)

2. RESULTS (future)

1. Birth

2. Geriatric, death (suffering)

Futuristic

2. The complete karma. Is observing the destruction of twelve conditions. There are two ways to do this:

a) Kill the root ignorance (basic ignorance). In the part of observing above, the practitioner saw clearly: due to ignorance, there is action, due to action, there is consciousness, etc. So now, if we kill ignorance, then action will be destroyed, practice will be eliminated, have etc ... Or to put it another way: by "enchanting" should create "karma", due to the new industry should bear "suffering" results. So want to end suffering, of course is to kill the karma, want to stop before having to eliminate ignorance.

Except for basic ignorance, there are two ways:

For the Mahayana Bodhisattvas, because they clearly see the true nature of mind due to the dynamic ignorance that has the world of sentient beings, falls and dharma, they use the Prajna position to destroy the "birth of ignorance" to become back to the true being. When the realization of the true mind then, all samsara is reborn. As in Bat Nha Tam Kinh wrote: "He contemplated himself at the Bodhisattva when he went deep into the bowl of nhx Ba la and already saw all the five aggregates not, so he is free from misery ...". Or, as in the Shurangama Sutra, it is written: "For the enlightened one to be attentive to the mind, the ten directions of the world are consumed".

For people who cannot destroy immediately the basis of ignorance to realize the true mind, they must repeatedly experience countless lifetimes of practice, when coming to the position of Enlightenment, use the mind of Kim to destroy it. ", New evidence of the Noble Truth (Buddha).

b) Kill ignorance tops industry (read only in ignorance). For the sublime and the Hinayana, the lower base, it is not possible to directly eradicate the root ignorance as the two upper levels, but can only destroy the ignorance of the branch industry is "love, defense, friendship". When the branch industry was cut down, the roots were gradually destroyed, like the bamboo bushes that were rolled up with bamboo shoots, would be destroyed.

Eliminating ignorance tops also include two aspects.

Contemplation: Is to use reason to realize that the dhammas are just born of harmony, but not real (not existing); Because it is not real, should not find players accept (non-player). Had not clinging, nor did he want (no love). That is to start the shop "property", then "prime", then finally "AI". If these three causes are not present, then the result of "birth, old age, death" is also absent.

Consistent: It is according to the general minister that observes and then practices. The practitioner starts to "love" first, then "manual" and "possess". Sutra said: "Friendship favor favorability, love favorability student, not favorably favored the superiority?". The thought is: Because of desire, what is the fear? Because when facing the situation, being interested in craving (craving), should create the new karma (prime), thus subject to samsara (organic). Then, if the audience does not take part (not in love), then do not look for players who accept (not), because they do not cling, so there is no samsara (no property). As well as in the Buddhist Mausoleum, the Buddha taught: "Only when the people confront, do not expect discrimination, start greed, hatred and delusion; greed, hatred, ignorance, then direct, direct, lust, hope not being ... ".

In short, all enchanting (craving), the industry does not have (prime), no business is no longer suffering (organic).

Of the four ways of eliminating ignorance, only the "contemplation" method is the easiest and most practical, matching the roots of the current practitioner.

IV. Effect Of Dharma 12 Causes And Causes

Practitioners after accomplishing the twelve conditions, will eliminate the delusion that is the main cause of suffering and reincarnation of sentient beings. Buddha often said: "The suffering in the three map is not necessarily suffering, only the lack of wisdom is suffering only." Seeing it is enough to eliminate the ignorance and make the wisdom revealed is one of the most important things of austerities.

Moreover, the practitioner also thanks to the twelve factors of grace will witness the Pratyekabuddha. When Buddha was not born, many monks also practiced enlightenment through observing the biochemistry of the universe. These people are often called Readers, meaning self-study that is enlightened. Until the Buddha was born, he only taught the causes and conditions of many people who follow this dharma practice and became enlightened, so they called it "Pratyekabuddha" (meaning the enlightened ones through the twelve conditions).

The liberation of the results of Pratyekabuddha and Arhat is the same, but in terms of wisdom and supernormality, the Pratyekabuddha result is higher than that of the Arahant.

The following is an example of the accomplishment of the twelve conditions of two great Buddhas of Shakyamuni Buddha, His Excellency Xa Loi Phat and His Maudgalyayana, according to the Cause and Effect:

In the royal palace, there were two Brahmin wishing for wisdom, one named Xa Loi Phat and one named Maudgalyayana. Hia, all of whom are religious, have more than a hundred disciples, and have promised each other that, if anyone hears the dharma first, they must teach it to the other person.

One day, Mr. Xa Loi Phat walked the road, heard a Buddhist disciple, Bhikkhu A Xa Ba Ky, explained the doctrine of predestination and summarized it in a poem as follows: “The root of all France is a predestined relationship, no one owns it, if anyone understands this dharma, then we can see the true faith ”1.

When he finished listening, Mr. Xa Loi Phat immediately departed from the ceiling, witnessing the purity of virtue.

When returning, Mr. Xa Loi Phiet gave a lecture to Maudgaly Lien. He finished listening, also witnesses direct results. These two men immediately brought their 200 disciples, asking the Buddha for ordination as disciples.

C. Conclusion

To give readers a general idea of ​​this lecture and easy to remember, we summarize the following weaknesses:

A. All things cannot exist in any single thing. They have to rely on each other for one thing or another. That is the cause of birth, or coincidence. Particularly for sentient beings such as human life, for example, due to the twelve interdependent conditions that become a chain of infinite birth and death, continuing from the past to the present and the future. Depending on its effects, these twelve conditions can be divided into three groups: either (delusion), karma (creation) and suffering (result).

B. To end the long chain of birth and death in the sea of ​​suffering of the mundane world, we must contemplate twelve conditions. This custom has two parts: the flow and the passing away:

1. Conservation shop. is consistent phenomena arise and progress of twelve causes and conditions from ignorance, onions, consciousness ... to old, death. while the movement of yogis can only observe the arising and progression of the twelve conditions in the past, in the present, or in the past, present and future.

2. The complete karma. Is consistent according to the method of causing the twelve conditions to destroy. There are two complete contemplations:

a) A method for those with great location, such as Mahayana Bodhisattva, is the method of "eliminating the basic ignorance".

b) A method for the lowly basic ones like us, it is the method of "eradicating ignorance".

The following customary dhammas are divided into two divisions:

Consistent: is the law is not real (organic) should not accept (prime); because not grasping so there is no craving (craving).

Consensus: is to apply the above-mentioned reason in the real situation: Practitioners must try to do so that the object of the mind does not initiate craving (craving), thanks to non-craving, to create evil and seek ( prime); do not seek to have no (organic) life and death results later.

Practitioners who have attained the dharmakaya of twelve conditions will then eliminate ignorance, escape samsara and attain enlightenment.

May you truly understand the true value of this custom and diligently practice in order to attain the aforementioned precious fruit.

Note: There are places to say verse like this:

"The conditions of predestination to be born, herons to pass away,

Falls-Buddha Dai Sa-Mon, often working as theory.

Translate:

The causes of predestination, also caused by conditions,

Our Buddha, often taught to say that.

According to Mahayana, the verse about conditions like this; END=NAM MO SHAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).WORLD VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST ORDER=GOLDEN AMITABHA MONASTERY=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=THICH CHAN TANH.AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.21/1/2020.