History of the Pastoral (Mahà Moggalàna).VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY=THICH CHAN TANH.
Part IV
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8. Mahà Moggallàna's previous life.
As for the past remembrance, Venerable Mahà Moggallàna only narrated once. That is the number 50 of the Central A Ham ( Majjhima Nikàya ), the author asks for permission to use that script as a basis for this chapter.
In the Jataka ( Additional birth stories ), that the first stories about gods Shakyamuni Buddha and Maha Mahamoggallana met in many lifetimes. At least thirty-one times the Buddha and Mahà Moggall had to meet each other naturally. For the immeasurable time of life, the number of thirty-one encounters recorded in the scriptures was too small, too small, compared to the "Endless" reincarnation chain that both of them had experienced. However, that is enough to give us an overview of this past life of the Monk.
Of course, the writer cannot tell all thirty-one lives in detail, with all the beauties, worthy dignity of one of the two disciples. But what the author tried to record in this small book is the important feature for the Buddhists to learn about the biography and personality of Mahà Moggallàna (Muc Kien Lien).
The first point we find in Jàkata (Túc Sinh Truyện) "an intimate relationship" between the Bodhisattva (Buddha's precursor) with Mahà Moggallàna. Many lives of Sariputta (Xa Loi Loi) and Mahà Moggallana were born as brothers of the Bodhisattva. (As recorded in the Jataka Sutta No. 488, 509. 542, and 543). Then in other lives, they were born as friends of the Bodhisattva (Jātakas 326). Or when the Bodhisattva is a king, they become two gods (Jātaka 401). Occasionally, they were born as Taoists, disciples of the Bodhisattva (Jàtaka No. 423, and 522). In addition, they were born as teachers of Bodhisattva (Jàtaka 539).
In particular, the Túc Sinh Tales recount the Bodhisattva as king, Sàrìputta was the Crown Prince, and Mahà Moggallàna was the commander of the Army (Jātaka 525). Or the Bodhisattva goddess of heaven (Sakka), Sariputta and Mahà Moggallana are "the chiefs" who govern the two Japanese Nguyet palaces (Jàtaka No. 450).
The second point of attention for us is the difference between Mahà Moggallàna and Sàrìputta in a number of lifetimes of beasts. Reading the Biography of the story (Jàkata) we will realize that although both of these Great Apostles often accompany in the cycle of birth and death. When they are reborn from the human realm, they have the same status. As for reincarnation as animals, they are in a completely different state. Especially Sàrìputta always gives birth to more evolved animals:
For example, in Jàkata No. 73, Sàrìputta was born as a snake, Mahà Moggallàna made a mouse. In Jàkata No. 206, 486, Sàrìputta was born as a bird and Mahà Moggallàna was born as a turtle. In Jàkata 272, 361 and 438, Sàrìputta was born as a lion, Mahà moggallana was born as a tiger. In Jàkata number 37, Sàrìputta was born monkey, Mahà moggallàna was born as an elephant. In Jàkata, the number 315 Sàrìputta born, Mahá Moggallàna was born as a wolf. In Jàkata 490, Sàrìputta was born and Mahà Moggallàna was born as a beast.
Only in the four Jàkata (Tuc Sinh tales) numbers 160, 187, 215 and 476 are both born as swans.
Then at birth as human beings, the position of Sariputta is often higher than Mahà Moggallàna (Muc Kien Lien). Or in the career, Sàrìputta is still relatively better than Mahà Moggallàna, as in Jàkata No. 525, Sàrìputta was born Prince, Mahà Moggallàna was born as the great God. In Jàkata No. 544, Sàrìputta was born as the Lord, Mahà Moggallàna was born as a servant. In Jàkata No. 151, Sàrìputta was born far away from the Royal Bodhisatta when Mahà Moggallana was born far away from Ananda.
For the first time, Mahà Moggallana gave birth to the Nguyet Than, the Sàrìputta was born as Taoist named Nàrà. (Jàkata No. 535), and another time Sàrìputta was born Nguyet, Mahà Moggallàna was born as a higher fairy to govern Nhat Cung (Jàkata No. 450). These are the two cases where Mahà Moggallàna was reborn in a higher position than Sariputta.
In short, when being born from a person or more, the two characters have the same status.
The Birth of the Story also has a single record of Sàrìputta and Mahà Moggallàna suddenly reborn as two opponents. It was Jàkata No. 545 that Sàrìputta was born as Long Vuong (Nàga), when Mahà Moggallàna was born the king of the eagle (Eagle of the Dragon) named Supanna. This bird is very big, eating only snake dragon meat.
The Birth of the Story (Jàkata) only refers to Mahà Moggallàna alone, without the presence of Sariputta very rare. Only twice:
a) Mahà Moggall was born for the first time to replace Sakka (Sakka). The Majjhima Nikàya (Trung A Hàm) section 37 Art "At that time the god of heaven (Mahà Moggallàna) reprimanded the predecessors of the Thien Vuong who did not hold the right virtue, and then as the Sakka king (precursor) Mahà Moggallana has descended to earth to alert a "friend" to turn up to morality and create an opportunity for her to be reborn on higher realms (Jakàta No. 78).
But in another life, Sàrìputta and Mahà Moggallàna gave birth as human beings. Both are greedy merchants, who have brought the money buried deep underground. After his death, a snake was born, the other was born as a mouse, burrowing next to where he once buried his money (according to Jàkata No. 73).
b) The second story of Mahà Moggallana was born as a jackal. When one found an elephant with a dead belly, the jackal because of gluttony should crawl into the hole in the belly of the elephant, lying in it to eat with it. When eating the sun up high, the corpse of the elephant's body was sealed with the gap, so it could be regretful if it didn't come out. The story has a typical meaning and warns those who love it to enjoy it (Jàkata No. 490).
But the Tale of the Famous Story is the story of Mahà Moggallana born as the keeper of the rice store of the Kuru people, and Sàrì putta was born as a merchant. Both, a patron who holds the duty of a public servant, a legitimate seller and seller, has not violated the theft and convictions, even though they are having a convenient opportunity to do something that nobody knows.
9. The last days of Mahà Moggallana
Six months before Buddha entered Nirvana, the death had separated the last time the Saints Sariputta and Mahà Moggallana. Sàrìputta closes his eyes on the full moon day of Kattika (between October and November of the solar calendar).
Sariputta passed away right where he was born, and in his parents' house, far away from his great friend Mahà Moggallana. Did the two monks attain Arahantship in two different places, so they also passed away in two different places, even though they have experienced many inseparable lives?
And soon, after Sàriputta passed away, the Maou (Marrà), the embodiment of sin and death, tried to harm Mahà Moggallàna by invading the body of the Saint.
The demon king broke all over the five organs of the Chinese government, but it was impossible to harm the Venerable Mahà Moggallana, because his meditation was still on the top of the head, and the Maou did not dare to go up there.
However Mahà Moggallàna is still gentle from telling the Maou: "Behold, you come out of my body. Although my soul is completely pure, there is no evil mind that will harm sentient beings, but the evil that you are doing will make For the gods to inform me of the automatic development, the consequences will bring you to hell! ".
The demon king sounded so terrified, he turned into a very small object, hiding in the gut of Mahà Moggallana. He thought: "Even the Buddha is not sure to find me!"
Suddenly the demon king heard Mahà moggallana said: "Hey Mahà! The Chakra (Chakra) in my body is nowhere to be shown, so you should quickly repent the evil karma!"
The demon king is now amazed, but also hopes that Mahà Moggalla will speak, not knowing where he is hiding. Most of the time the demon king was silent.
The Ma King listened to the Holy Spirit and continued, "Hey, hey, you're about to be in the middle of my colon. Don't mistake me for not knowing!"
Now Maou no longer has any other way. He then followed the mouth of Mahà Moggallana to escape, and now stood in front of the Saint.
Mahà Moggalla told Ma Ma for the first time today, and that he knew the original countless thousands of karmic achievements. Even descendants, ghost soldiers, watching him and how much He knows.
Then Mahà Moggallàna used the three divine pillars, Thien Nhan Thong. Forgive the mind and Exhilarate network to subdue the Maou in a gentle way! This miraculous use is later recorded in the Fifth Majjhima Nikàya with the title: "Mahà Moggallàna has narrated himself about his past life".
Here are the main points of what this Sangha says:
"The past Buddha's name, Kakusandha, appeared in the Earth-bore life (Bhaddakappa), brought happiness to the three beings, with five other Buddhas. He lived by the average life expectancy of four hundred thousand. And when the first darkness of that golden life began to cover up the king's lack of virtue, he gave up the good heart, and then the selfish struggle began to emerge. Therefore, the vitality and life expectancy of humankind is reduced to half. "
At that time, Mahà Moggallana was Thea (Maou) who raged the heavenly kingdoms of Education and the world under the name of Tuysimàra. The demon king had a "sister" named Kali who gave birth to a son, later becoming a Ma-king, playing the role of the god of death at the time of the Buddha Shakyamuni.
Thus Ma King standing in front of him is none other than the descendants of his predecessor Mahà Moggallàna from a great past life.
Because when he was a Maou in the distant past, Mahà Moggallàna had a great predecessor to attack a great disciple of the past Buddha by presenting a child, taking the pieces of the cup, throwing it at the head of the Buddha's disciple. there until bloodshed.
When the Buddha Kakusandha found out, he advised: "Maou! Why are you so evil, so you should be restless! Even the increase of Satan will sometimes apologize".
Buddha finished talking, and only in the blink of an eye, the whole body of Tuysimàra immediately dissipated smoke and He fell into the deepest hell.
Before long, Ma Vuong was the "King" of the scenes, now Maou is the "victim" of hell. Before Ma Ma was the one who tormented criminals, now Maou must bear all the same families. That is the law of quick change in the Samsàra (The Shakyamuni Buddha, the realm of the Lady).
Through countless thousands of years, Mahà Moggallàna had to suffer a lot of suffering in the hell scene to pay the foolish result, insulting one of the Saints. Ten thousand years ago, Mahà Moggallàna's predecessor was held in a hell of a fishman, like painter Pieter Breughel drew creatures on a wall about hell.
There, whenever "Pham Ma" was punished by two spears piercing the heart, it would be known that the time spent on the earth had gone through two thousand years ( according to the Majjhima Nikàya No. 50 ).
Now seeing the Maou (Bárà), Mahà Moggallàna suddenly remembered the horrors of the past cycle of samsara (Samsara) that he was now fully liberated, so his soul became pure, Universal Power of Self The movement shook the ground, causing the Maou to panic.
After the Maou left, Mahà Moggalla said to himself, "This is my last life! Death and death will definitely end! As a Saint I have no reason to indulge in a false life. I still have living is because my body is not yet in a state of destruction, although I have a divine power, I can use miracles to live as long as an earthly life, but what good do I do? The impermanent demon "praises its natural nature!".
Like many great sages in the East (Asia) and like the monks of the Buddha's time, Mahà moggallana has left behind a kind of autobiography in the form of a language called Theragàthà (Sun Tathagata). in which he summed up the dharma he himself practiced to be liberated, and through many lifetimes for the last life, he still kept the wishes of not worrying, not rotten! Knowing the miraculous happiness of liberating fruit and the supernatural powers made the "Others" flooded with bliss, stuck in "fairy happiness" but for Mahà Moggallana, he remained calm. like a mountain covered with flowers! (It is said that the mountain never knows how proud it is and its beauty).
The shelves of his speech in Therà can be summarized by a great idea as follows:
Starting Theragatha, shelves proverbial saying: "Where and when others greedy, selfish, the Maha Mahamoggallana keep hidden life, satisfaction with lifestyle frugal and reduce craving. (Theragatha, cevil sentences from 1446 to 1449).
In the past, there was a beautiful village girl who tried to seduce, Mahà Moggalla immediately refused. He refused as the Buddha refused the charm of Maou daughters (Theragàthà, verses from 1150 to 1157) .
When Sariputta, his most noble friend passed away, he was not agitated or grief-stricken like Ananda (at that time he had not attained Arhat). Mahà Moggallàna, on the other hand, received the message that his friend died in a solemn and pure manner. (Theragàthà, verses from 1158 to 1163).
Next, Theragàthà (Sun Tzu language) turned to Mahà Moggallàna's superhuman statements. For example, the fact that he had shaken many monasteries' buildings with his toes (verse 1164), the fact that he entered unconsciously in the ravine in the rain and thunderstorm (verse 1167). cultivating peacefully in remote areas, he truly deserves to be the successor of the Buddha and worthy of the Pham Thien Bai (v. 1169).
Particularly, the words Theragàthà from 1169 to 1173 are the words Mahà Moggallana exhorting a strange Brahman and wrong view when he sees the peaceful Venerable Mahà Moggallàna warning the Brahmin about the malice and bad deeds. so far, he should respect the saints! The verses of number 1176 are also the words of Mahà Moggallàna praising Sarìutta.
As for the words of 1177 to 1181, it seems that the words of Venerable Sàrìputta himself praised Mahà Moggallàna.
Following the sentences from 1182 to 1186, Mahà Moggallana used to re-control the practice of self-cultivation and achieve his liberation as his first duty he completed.
After all, the words of 1187 to 1208 are the words of Mahà Moggallàna who have a feeling of how to defeat the Maou, similar to the text entitled "Deathly Face" found in the Majjhima Nikàya (Central A Ham). 50 mentioned above.
(The commentary of the translator: - "Ma Vuong" in "Buddhist language is often used with two implications: The first implication implies Death in human humiliation, meaning when there is a body of birth. Active is then the presence of "Death." Action whether by foot or by mind is nothing more than creating a cycle of energy in which "consumption" of cells must take place and Death (ie old cells must be destroyed) of course discovered. Second implication "Maou is a kind of human beings other than human beings but often frequented in the human realm, which many eyes can see."10. End of life
There are three members who need to repeat:
1. The Buddha entered supernaturally with all the monks around him. The Blessed One entered deep into the Enlightenment and took his last breath.
2. Dai Duc Sàrìputta (Xa Loi Phat) knew before the day of his death, rushed back to his homeland with some close disciples. Sàrìputta chooses an extremely solemn setting to continue the old mother's passing. It was the old room He was born. Before he closed his eyes Sàrìputta was sick, but this Sangha entered Nirvana in a very superficial way, including all the gods visiting at the last minute.
3. Great Germany A Nan (Ananda) life expectancy to one hundred and twenty years old to leave the world. He is perhaps the longest living person in the Buddha's disciples. Because A Nan was a very well-educated Saint in meditation taking fire as a subject, before he passed away Ananda suddenly had the mind that "I will not let anyone busy in this mortal body cremation. ! ". Then Ananda entered meditation into the fire item and passed away. His body naturally caught fire and turned into cremation.
Before the three scenes enter Nirvana meaningfully, everyone thought that the Maha Moggallàna will enter and kill miraculously, especially this Monk is a superiors of the divine powers.
But Mahà Moggallàna ended his life very pitifully, very touching (if not horrible). And only the saints who are compassionate enough to be able to pass away by such a disastrous death.
Mahà Moggallana passed away half a month after Venerable Sariputta. This means that on the new moon (January 1) after the month of Kattika (between October and April). At that time, in the autumn, the yellow leaves fell to see him off from the "miserable sea".
The night the Buddha entered Nirvana was the full moon of Vesakha month (May in May), which is half a year after the two disciples died. Buddha was eighty years old, while both Sariputta and Mahà Moggallana died in the 84th year of their last life.
The following are the pathetic events in Mahà Moggallana's death:
At that time, Nathaputta (the nuns), the main Church of the Jains: Jinas, in the Pàli classics called Niganthasasana, also died.
There is debate, considering the teachings of Ni Kien Tu suddenly appearing in the ranks of the religious monks who follow this discipline. As a result, the Nielsen (also known as the Lutheran Path) has lost some believers and quite a large number of sympathizers, causing the leaders to get angry.
Many Buddhist monks of Lõpha even heard rumors that Mahà Moggallàna, after the Heavenly Journeys (heavenly sermon and return) revealed that: Most Buddhists are born in the upper realms, but very rarely, other religious practitioners can enjoy that happiness. On the contrary, they were subjected to suffering and reborn as many creatures lower than humans. This is probably a rumor, but it is one of the reasons why other religions, including the Lutheran Church, have reduced their support. In particular, a fanatical branch of the Lama Body in the Kingdom of Ma Kiet Da (Magadha) became angry at the loss of his reputation more and more severely, so they deliberately destroyed the Venerable Mahà Moggallana.
The fanatical priests of the Ni Giao Giao did not investigate the decaying cause of their sect. They only knew the plan of defamation and poured it on top of Mahà Moggallana. Many times they attempted to assassinate the monk but failed. Later, they had to hire bandits to do it.
At that time, there were also those who specialized in renting and renting, ready to multiply, if they were paid as much as today. They are extremely greedy and violent. For them only money is "noble" the most, so they defy any murder, even though the victim is a Saint Rose! As a result, some fanatical Taoists, Ni Kien (Dao Lua The) immediately sought to hire them to kill Mahà Moggallàna.
At that time, Mahà Moggallàna was hermit alone in the empty cup, along the forest of Kalasikà, in the kingdom of Ma Kiệt Da. After defeating Maou (narrated in the previous paragraph) Mahà Moggallàna knows that the "last part of his life" is coming. A Sangha who had enjoyed the "liberating" flavor found that "this mundane body is just an obstacle or a burden!"
Therefore, Mahà Moggallana did not have the slightest bit of thought to use divine powers to live longevity. On the contrary, when Mahà Moggallana saw the robbers kill them, he just thought, "I don't want to let them commit felony!". So his whole body suddenly disappears (due to the divine power of a Arhat master full of compassion, not due to fear or greed).
The murderers (whose books are called bandits) stormed into the cup, no one was found, they rummaged around, but still ineffectively, came out disappointed. The next day, they returned, and also fell into the same state. It means that from afar they see Venerable Mahà Moggallàna looming, but when he comes close, he cannot find Virtue anywhere, even though they are getting more and more crowded and searching more thoroughly. They were also wise for the ambushers, lurking around to clear the appearance of Mahà Moggallana, and still no results. After such a consecutive day, six times the robbers stormed Mahà Moggallana, and six times Mahà Moggallana for compassion, only one thought "not wanting fools to commit felon" His body disappeared like together.
The power of divine powers is not to protect this defiled body, but to save violent souls. But unfortunately, the spirit of a great Bliss of Arhat did not wake up the sinners, so on Saturday, Venerable Mahà Moggallàna contemplated by forgiving his mind, seeing that "bandits for greed Transitional money will never give up that murderous act. "
While Venerable Mahà Moggallàna used Tha mind like that, "Gods" His divine nature suddenly disappeared, His flesh suddenly appeared again, sitting still in the cup.
It turns out that an evil act of an old evil act (when the previous life, Mahà Moggallana was afraid of his wife, was weak and brought his parents to the wild forest, starved to death), the evil fruit is catching up. Venerable Mahà Moggallàna has to pay the result of the evil fruit, the new virtue is completely! Like Buddha and Sariputta, before entering Nirvana has experienced a disease!
The murderers entered the cup and found the gentle Sangha sitting there, stabbed to death and then wanted to make them bruising and limiting their limbs, turning them into a mass of immobile trimmings.
When he was sure the victim was just a zombie, there was no way to live again, and his side was about to receive the pay, the leisurely murderers didn't go back.
But Venerable Mahà Moggallàna is a Saint of the great master of the miracle, who cannot enter Nirvana in such a state. Mahà Moggallana while being stabbed was completely samadhi, so all pain did not dominate Him. Now, he only uses meditation to concentrate his mental strength on the body, and then re-manifests as an old Sabbath. Mahà Moggallana tried to bring the injured meat bone to the Buddha for the last time. when present in front of Thien Nhon monk, he sat still, closed his eyes and died, turning his last meeting place and the Buddha into an extremely bleak and holy setting ( according to Jàtaka 522E ).
Compassion for those who seek to kill themselves, and the liberating virtues that this Sangha has attained since he witnessed Arhat did not really leave Him until the last minute. That virtue has wrapped Mahà Moggallana's entire seven-day life. Seven too harsh days of a saint's law of cause and effect and compassion. A cruel period of life threatening, only those who have finished except negativity and no desire can go through easily! The karma of past creation must be fruitful in the present as a natural thing. Humans or saints differ only in the way of receiving that fruit. If you continue to receive delusional consequences, the Saint sees the consequences in a pure and pure way.
Mahà Moggallàna is no longer a entangled being in the impermanent world, "impermanent demons", even if raging in the last life, cannot stop him from entering the path of liberation.
The last part of this little book about the life of Venerable Mahà Moggallana also gives us another meaning: It is the power of Karma, a natural power, neither master nor a divine power Whichever changes it.
For an All-enlightened One, the power of "Karma Oan" is not valid in the last life, but still bears full fruit in a life before the last life. A special case of a "Bodhisattva practicing diligently" if he attains the Chief Justice of the Right Enlightenment before his last life, and then passes away, the power of Karma O May may never keep up and become ineffective Not without!
After Mahà Moggallàna and Sàrìputta have passed away, the Buddha has repeatedly reminded these two disciples before the community Increased them as lost "treasures".
The sentence that the Buddha often praised the two great disciples was "a pair of miraculous, eminent and blissful saints!"
But the most amazing thing is to say that the Buddha looked at the "most precious world" disciples to leave with a liberating attitude. The attitude of only the Divine Master can reach!
So, are we Buddhists who read history and who passed away from these two monks? Do we need to rely on us? We are our "only Island". Do not look for any other "Power"!
The truth that we learn in Buddha is the eternal lamp on that "island". If the world lamp often illuminates many directions, the truth lamp also clearly points out the four defilements: that is affliction in the body (Sac), defilements in the feeling (Life), defilements in the mind (Thought, Consciousness) ) and defilements in France (Onions). Those who identify the defilements in the four foundations of Body, Life, Mind, and Dharma, are called those who have correctly understood the Buddha's teaching, already know that they are "who", and only reincarnated by what (by Five khandhas: Lust, Life, Thought, Enlightenment, Consciousness, he will surely step into the path of liberation!
In other words, a Buddhist monk, in addition to trying to keep the virtue of being pure, it is necessary to continuously practice the practice of mindfulness in the righteous meditation (An abiding and contemplating) so that the Buddhists will always live in " knowing yourself "(Satipathana) and with a free mind.
If the Noble Eightfold Path (Atthangika Magga) is the path we have to go, The Precepts (Sìla) is the "activity" we must perform, Meditation (Samàdhi) is the "food" we must eat, then the Mindfulness The Land (Catu Satipatthàna) is the "lamp" we must light to overcome the sea of death and death. END=NAM MO SAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=THICH CHAN TANH.GOLDEN AMITABHA MONASTERY=AUSRALIA,SYDNEY.4/8/2019.
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