THE BUDDHA 'S FIRST  LEGAL LESSON  .VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY=THICH CHAN TANH.AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.

PART 1:  TURN  ON  THE  BUDDHIST HISTORY .

The   first sermon of  the Buddha  in  Deer Park 
(the swordsman on the right of  the Buddha  is  
Vajra Bodhisattva ), the 12th century Gandhara - Pakistan  
(  Metropolitan Museum , New York)

After achieving  the results  in Gaya, Last  sermon  's first  Buddha  Shakyamuni  is all  preaching  his 5 position  venerable , ie he Kaundinya group ( ascetics ) in Sarnath ( Deer Park). Although brief, this  sermon  is considered one of his   most important catecheses . The  basicdoctrines   of  Buddhism , such as the  Five Precepts , the  Noble Eightfold Path , the  Six-Happiness Three-la Secret ,  Four Noble Truths ,  Pratyekabuddha ; as well as economic  Zhuan Falun (dhamma-chakra-Pavattan Sutta),  non-self (anattā-lakkhana- suttra), etc. are  originating  from all  preach  this brief.

Excerpts  'Last  Lecture  first  Buddha ' is derived  from the  historical English 'Buddha and  Dhamma  His' (The Buddha and His Dhamma) by the  Buddhist Association  of India  (Buddhist Society of India) , the  Mahabodhi  (Mahabodhi Society) of Calcutta (now Kolkata) and publisher  University  Siddhartha(Siddharth College Publications) published in Bombay (now Mumbai),  India , in 1957. Particularly paragraph 'article  The Buddha's  First Sermon 'was  reprinted in 1992 by the  Ministry of Education of Maharashtra State.

In 1951  the  Indian  Buddhist Church entrusted  Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar (1892-1956) and his  colleagues  throughout  India  to study   ancient documents , in order to record the true history of  life  and  activities. dynamic  of  Buddha Shakyamuni  when he was  on earth . Mr. Ambedkar's group began to study and write this volume from 1951. And they  completed the  task  in 1956, the year Dr Ambedkar  died .

Former Dr. Ambedkar belongs  to  a Hindu family. But because of  dissatisfaction with the  system of  discriminatory caste  society  harshness  of  religion  , he had converted to  Buddhism . At the time , Dr. Ambedkar helped millions of  lowly people  of Hinduism to convert to  Buddhism . He also wrote and  lectured  a lot about  Buddhism  throughout  India  and around  the world . After Dr. Ambedkar died,  Indian Buddhists worshiped  him as a  Bodhisattva .

Dhamekh Tower at Sarnath, commemorating  the Buddha's sermon  for the first time

BRIEF OF  THE  BUDDHIST HISTORY

1.  Congresses to  increase strains

Shortly after  the Buddha  attained Nirvana  in Kusinara ( Kusinara ) in 438  BC ,  disciples rest of him is mahakashyap ( Mahakasyapa )  convene  congress  monk first in a Rajgriha ( Rajgir ), with 500 bhikkhus, to  try to  preserve the Buddha's commandments in the most  honest  and original way.  This conference is also to  reinforce  the unity of  the denomination . Another  reason for  this festival is because even when  Buddha was  still  there had many monks do not  comply with  the  rules  seriously. At that time the  disciples  of Buddha as Sariputta ( Sariputra ), Muggallana ( Maudgalyayana ) or group Five monk Kaundinya ( ascetics ) are already  deceased , but all things that are yet to be recorded . Therefore, in   this first congress , Mr. Upali (Prosecutor Ly Ly ) had to reread the  Vinaya Law , and Mr. Ananda ( A nan ) reread the  Sutra Sutras  to  memorizemonks  . This may indicate that the sutras and organs at that time remain simple .

Nearly a hundred years later Any  congress  Second bhikkhu of sect  Primitive  is Yesa (Da-amnesty)  convened , and by  growth  Sabbhakami  abbot , at Vesali ( Vaishali ), for the Executive lax  discipline  was  intrusion  into  denominations . Group  Sangha  tribe which served ( any ) here have  modified the lifestyle  of their by adding ten  reforms  ventilation in  the teaching  mainstream . They began to bring salt according to the person in the horn tube; pass the  second meal in another village after the first meal; dine and milk butter in the evening; drinking palm wine; receive  alms gold  ; group  meetings  near evening and make  decisions , even if there is not enough  council ; etc. All this is  contrary to the canon law.

There are about seven hundred monks in   this second conference . They  unanimously  rejected the  ten  reforms  of  the  Vajji Sangha . To  respond , after that  the Sangha  which served  to convene  a conference  Mahasangika ( Mass sets ), with a thousand monks  radical . The first rupture of  Buddhism was  only because of these ten   open reforms , but the  original doctrine  until then remained intact. This division gradually created new schools, and  finally, the   appearance  of Mahayana sect ( Mahayana ) later.

King Ashoka  (Asoka), 12th century  
(Polonaru wa, Sri Lanka)

Congress  Sangha  third time, by Bhikkhu Moggali Putta ( Section Contact disciple )  convened  in Pataliputra ( US Market  - now Patna) in 250  BC , under the  patronage  of kings  Buddhist  Asoka (A Education. States  Congress  this  own  denomination  orthodox Theravada ( Theravadin ). Thanks  to  this conference ,  Theravada Buddhism was  not only  spread  throughout  India , but also to Ceylon ( Ceylon , now Sri Lanka). And gradually  passed from there to Burma and East-south Asia.

States  Assembly  Wednesday, also  own Theravada, this time was called sect Hinayana ( Theravada ), was  convened  in Ceylon ( Sri Lanka ) in 106  BC . Previously, writing has  become  popular . So this  congress  began to copy all the Pali  sutras into the  leaves (Karatalamh - patra - palm leaf) for storage. Ministry of  Tripitaka ( Tripitaka ) including Vinaya Pitaka. ( Vinaya  - the  law  practice  of  cults ), Sutta Pitaka (The Sutra Sutra  - contains the  sutras  ( teachings ) of the Buddha and the  disciples ) and Abhidhamma Pitaka ( Abhidharma  -  explaining  and analyzing sutras and articles), recorded for the first time from   this conference .

Actually then longer a  congress  again, are people  of India  called  congress Buddhist  Wednesday, in 78 BC, in Kashmir ( Kashmir ). Congress  not due Mahasanghikas ( Mass sets ), but by the monk of the division of a more open sex, sex Sarvastivada (Note Best  Friends ministries )  summoned . Congress  was  abbot  by Bhikkhu Vasumitra ( The Friends ), under the  auspices  of King Kaniska ( Ca Sac Ca Ni ) under  the reign of  the Kushan (Kushan). So  sect  Theravada originally did not  recognize the  Kasmir Congress , while it was praised by theMahayana  schools  .

King Kaniska was a  Buddhist , but had a tendency to be a  Brahmin , so from   this  conference Brahmin thoughts   were integrated into  Buddhism , especially in North India. It is important to start from here  the Mahayana sect  was  formally formed. And almost all of the recording  material ,  scriptures from that used Sanskrit ( Sanskrit ) rather  that the language  Pali  period Theravada Buddhist. This conference is considered  a congress    own  Mahayana  Buddhism .

2. The  ups and downs  of  Buddhism

Period  Buddhist  preliminary , as all the  teachings  are still being upheld, extends from the year 450 to the year 100  BC . After this period,  the  Hinayana sect began to integrate with more open schools. Meanwhile, the Mahayana school  , which only started to develop after 100  BC , also started creating myths in the Eastern style   (purvanusmritis), to  attract  the majority.

The Mahabodhi Tower  built by  King Ashoka in  Bodhgaya  in 250  BC

When  Buddhism  begins to develop, with  humans  and not the right  god  is the focal point, the  confrontation between  Buddhism  and Brahmin   must of coursehappen. The development of  Buddhism went  smoothly  until the end of the first century AD. Even when the Greeks invaded the north-eastern region of  India after the  time  of King Ashoka, a Hindu Indian king Milinda ( Di Lan Da ) was preached  and converted by  the Bhikkhu Nagasena ( Na Tien )  Buddha .

Before kingdom Kushan ( ammonites ) captured the  shrine  Buddhist  Magadha ( Magadha ) from the hands of the Indo-Greek in the first century, they were  understanding  of Buddhism , and several kings their  converted to  Buddhism . 

Buddhism  began to  officially  decline  when the Kushan dynasty collapsed, and the  Brahmin  Gupta occupied Magadha at the beginning of the fourth century. Many persecution of  Buddhists  began. City and  Nalanda University ( Na Lan Da) were  persecuted . The  Brahmin  murdered  Aryadeva (A Li Da  De Ba ), the  great disciple  of Narajuna ( Bodhisattva Bodhisattva ), because they lost to him in the  debate  about  religion . Then King Sasanka pursue all  monks  Buddhist  off passed away: (The verse Thi Na ), is the place where the Buddha  Shakyamuni entered Nirvana . He also uprooted and burned  the Bodhi Tree  in Bodhi Gaya ( Bodhgaya ) of ash, then replaced by a statue of Shiva.

The  Chinese  master Dharma Master Hien  came to  Tay Truc  from 399 to 414 to see that  Buddhism  was flourishing in some places such as Kapilavasu ( Ca Bhikkhu La ) and Gaya ( Old skin ). But in general,  Buddhism  in  India at that time was   much degenerated .

Then the Hungarians  poured into  Gandhara (Kabul -  Da Nang ) at the end of the fifth century. The  monasteries  and  monuments sacred  of  Buddhist  in north-eastern  India  were  destroyed . Increasing them ,  scholars , scriptures and architecture were massacred and  incinerated . Both   Taksasila University here is also  permanently  silent. The  sacred bowl  of  Buddha  also disappeared from Gandhara and was transmitted to Persia at that time.

The Hung invasion made the Gupta Empire dispersed into many states. Buddhism  to  continue  the dispute  in a  weakly  with  Brahmins  of Bengal, western and southern  India . Only  around the end of the seventh century, when King Harsha ( Kingdom of Japan ) unified vast territory of North and North  India , and settled in Kanauj,  Buddhism  was temporarily  fortified for  a   short time even though it is always being trumpeted by the  Brahmin . This period is when  the monk  Huyen Trang visits  China to  West Truc  scriptures. He was revered by King Harsha  , and helped   this  Buddhist monk preach . He  Faxian see only two temples in Kanauj in the fifth century, but he  Xuanzang  mention hundreds of temples with over 10,000 taste  Bhikshu  there. When King Harsha died in 647,  Buddhism was   overwhelmed by the Brahmins .

During the  period  , the party directed  Brahmin  change the  thinking  big, historians today are called "Pauranik Hinduism" (Tan Hindus). Featured  is  the system  divides  social classes  are  system turned more strict. But  at the same time  that  reincarnation  is  popular  widely  among the  faithful  Hindus. In Purana ( sacred ), directed old  Brahmin , Buddha  Shakyamuni  was considered the  enticement people enter the path of destruction. But the new Puranas from this period, like Garuda, claim that Buddha is  the reincarnation  of Vishnu. And  Buddhist  India  also has more  influence  of  ideology  Brahmin  from here.

Buddhism  had another   short-lived period during  the  Pala dynasty in Magadha in the tenth century. But since the end of the century, when the  reign of  the Islamic  domination  of India ,  Buddhism  again  return to  position  minority until now.

LECTURE  NOTES FRANCE  FIRST OF  BUDDHA

PART 2: THE CONTENT teachings in Sarnath ( Deer Park )  

Group of Dr. Ambedkar spread everywhere in the country  of India  and the neighboring nations to collect back the  legend  neck, and the  texts , stories  originally  preserved since ancient times, to set  together  into  the Church  This history. Because  the material  is collected from various sources, the nouns are kept in their original form by both  Sanskrit  and Pali, interwoven in the articles ...

 

After attaining  Righteousness  and lowering,  the Buddha  came to Sarnath ( Deer Park ) to teach  his doctrine  to be enlightened. Before that he Alara Kalam to find who you are  educated , wise,  smart  and slightly undignified his  old days . But people told him that Alara Kalam died. Then he thought of Uddaka Ram-putta, but he was no longer.

Come  Buddha  remembered years old convent of his friends when he was  pursuing  legal  ascetic  in Niranjana, ie he Kaundinya group ( ascetics ). Five people  in front  were angry and leave him, because he abandon  practices of mortification  that. The Buddha  inquired  and learned that they were living in the forest of  Loc Da  (Mrgadava), the Sarnath region in Isipatana. He went right there to find them.

Dhamekh tower in Sarnath,  mark  where  the Buddha  
preached  the first time (painting, 1850)

Dhamekh tower in Sarnath,  mark where  the Buddha  preached  the first time (painting, 1850)

When   he heard that he had come to see him, these five  false monks (parivrajaka) were talking  to each other  and  decided  not to welcome him. One of them said, "The monks and nuns of  Co Dam(Gautama) are coming here. He gave up  the  ascetic practice to live  luxuriously ,  well , and was caught in  sin . So  we do  n't  need to  welcome him. There was no  need to  stand up and  say hello, and there was no need to support his  bowl  and shirt. We Just give him a seat. If he likes it, just sit ". And we  agreed .

But when  the Buddha  arrived, all five  false religious  men were overwhelmed by his demeanor, so they forgot what they had  planned  and stood up to receive him. The one who helps the bowl, the man who holds the clothes, and one who goes to get water to wash his feet.

After  exchanging  words of  courtesy , the five  religious  monks asked whether Buddha still kept the  practice of asceticism  or not. He  answered  that no. Then he let them know that there are two  lifestyle  extremes : one is living in pleasures and one's  lifestyle  self  determination. One said, let   go of the door , eat and drink  . One says must destroy all demands because they create  reincarnation . He  rejected  both  ways of living  , because they were not good for  people .

Buddha said he believed in the Middle Way theory   (the Madhyama Marga -  the middle path ), ie not  the path of  pleasure, but not  the path of  self-  mortification.

"Please  answer  me," he asked the  false religions , "Show  yourself  you remain  active  and  continue to  crave pleasure, both  earthly  and  heavenly , are  affordable  the  practice  mortification  of them are They all  answered , "Yes, as you say."

"How you can  extricate  himself from the flesh down by  lifestyle  self determination miserable, if  lifestyle  does not  extinguish  fire lust?" And they  answered , "Just as you say."

"Only when the Self in them are  tame  to  escape  floating  desire , then will they all  desire  pleasure  philistine . And this, the  response  to natural needs   will not make anyone unclean. Make  eating  full body what they need.

"Types of sensuality both make people weak. Humans who  love  lust  become slaves  of their  passion  . All  seeking  pleasure is mean and  vulgar . But I would like to tell you that  meeting  the needs of  life  is not  evil . Keeping your  body healthy is a duty, because  otherwise  you cannot have a healthy  mind  that is clear , and  the  intellectual lamp  cannot light.

"Monks, you should know that there are two  extremes  that  people  should not follow. One is a  relaxed habit to be attracted to the  charming passions  , especially sensuality. That is the way to  find satisfaction in a barbaric,  lowly ,  unfavorable way . The second way, on the contrary, is  austerity  or  self- mortification, which is  a painful ,  inferior ,  disadvantageous way of life . There is a middle way to avoid both  extremes  that you should know. That is the  Middle Path  that I preached. ” 

Buddha  Shakyamuni  austerity  2nd century Gandhara  
( Qian Da )  Museum  Lahore Pakistan

Five  false religions  attentive  listen to  him preach. Not knowing what to say about the  Middle Way  that Buddha just said, they turned to ask him about everything that happened to him after they left him before. The Buddha  told them the story of his departure to Gaya ( Old skin ). His story sitting  in samadhi  under  the Bodhi tree . Then after four weeks of  meditation  there he attained  Enlightenment , and thus he  found a  new direction.

Heard that the  false religions  feel very  anxious  to know  the path new what it was, and they  ask Buddha  explained . The Buddha wished them.

He will start by saying that the  method  does, ie  Dharma  of him, not  interested  to  God  (Brahman) or  soul . His religion does not  concern to  life  after death . His religion is also not  interested  to the  ritual  and sacrifice. The focus  of his Religion is  man , and the relationship between  human  with  human beings  in life  existing  on  earth . He said it was  a judgment The first thing he enlightened.

His  second judgment is that  everyone  lives in  sorrow , suffering and  inadequacy . This whole world is full of suffering. And  finding a  way to get rid of suffering for  the world  is the  sole purpose  of his religion .

The  realization of  the  existence  of  defilements , and teaches  the method  of eliminating  negativity  is  the foundation  and  basis  of the Tao. That is  the foundation  and the unique argument of Dao. Religion that  is not  aware of  this is not a  religion .

"Really, monks." Any layman or monk who does not understand that the suffering of life and how to  get rid of  them is  the  main purpose of the Tao, then in my opinion they are not lay people or monks. And  all the life of  those "noble men" will probably not understand  what the  true meaning of Tao is.

The  venerable  asked him, "If  the foundation  of the Taoist religion is to  recognize  the  existence  of  defilements  and how to  eliminate  it, please tell  us how the Tao  destroys suffering  ."

Buddha  answered  them that according to the Act of him, if  people  are  pursuing About religion  ( road  Thanh pure  - veramani Marga - Path of Purity),  the director  ( road  Straight - Ashtanga Marga - Path of Righteousness) and Action ( path  Directed happy  - Paramita Marga - path of Virtue), any  negativity  will  terminate . And he reiterated that it was the Tao that he had just realized.

The  false religions  immediately asked Buddha  to explain  more about his religion to them, Buddha  happily  agreed . And first he preached about the  Path .

He said, "The religion teaches that whoever desires  to become  a good person to get some living principles  fundamental  as the principle of his life. According to my  precepts  , those principles are:

- Do not  hurt  or  kill ; 
- Do not  steal  or  cheat  the possessions  of others; 
- Do  not lie ; 
- Do not  immerse yourself  in  desire ;

- Do not  abuse  the  drink  addictive.

“I want to  emphasize  that  following  these principles is essential for  everyone . Because everyone has to rely on these principles to  control  all  their behaviors  . And in my opinion, these principles must  become the  standard of  life for  everyone . "

“Everywhere  there  are fallen people   (Patit -  fallen people ). But there are two types of patit. One is the type that has  a standard of  living, and one without. A person without a  standard of  life is one who does not know that he has  fallen . And as a result, he will always remain a fallen man  . And the one who has the standard of life is the one who will  try to  stand up  after every  fall . Why? Because he knows that he has  fallen . That is the difference of whether or not there is  a standard of  living in the  cultivation of your  life. The problem is  not the problem fallen , but the absence of a   living standard . "

"Hey begging Degree, you may wonder why those principles have enough  value to be regarded as  standard  to live?" Please feel free to find the words  to answer for themselves. If one of you asks, 'Who do these principles benefit?' Or you might ask, 'Do they help  increase  the benefits of  society  ?' If the question  answered  your  position is confirmed, voila ie  accept  that principle in  About religion  I should be regarded as constituent elements of the  standards  life really. "

The   first sermon of  the Buddha 
(10th century painting,  China )

Then  the Buddha  preached to the  false religious people  about  the Path . He said that  the Path consists of  eight things. He began by  explaining  about  the reviews (Samyag-dristi - Right Views -  Thinking  right), which is the first and most important of  the religion .

"In order to  realize  the importance of  righteous thoughts ," Buddha told the  false religion , "you must see that life is a dungeon, and  that man  is a prisoner in that dungeon. This dungeon is really dark. It was so dark that inmates could hardly see anything. Prisoners are also not  aware  that they are in prison. "

"Indeed, it not only  became  blind because was living in  u intelligent  dark too long, but people do not believe that there may be a strange thing called light ever. Wisdom  is the unique tool through which light can reach  people . But   this dungeon's wisdom is not enough to be a complete tool for  that purpose  . It only gives a little light. Just  enough  to  prove  to those who have little bit of  visual perception  is that  indeed  there are so-called  u intelligent  darkness there. But only knowing that  morning and evening is so  crude . ”

"But do you understand that here begging Graduate  plight  of the prisoners that are not so  hopeless  as it  seems . Because in people there is the so-called  will . When there is an  appropriate motivation   ,  the will  can be  awakened  and started. Just needing  enough  light to  realize  a   certain direction to guide the  will  of  the will ,  people  can lead us to  freedom . ”

"So even though  people  were  tied , but he  can achieve  is  liberation . At any time, he can take the  first  step to finally bring himself to  liberation . That's because the mind can be trained to go any way you want. It is the  mind that turns us into prisoners in  life . It is the  mind that makes us like that. But what the mind makes, the mind can cancel. If it brought people to  life,  slavery , it itself can also lead people to  freedom  by identifying the right direction. And that is the thing Politics  can do it. ”

The  writers  asked, "What is the  success  of the  Right View  ?"

Buddha replied, "It is the  elimination of  ignorance  (darkness - Avijja). It is  against  Ta  Kien (Mrishaa-Dristi - Wrong Views). And  Ignorance  means not understanding the   noble truths , meaning not understanding the  existence of Suffering and how to  eliminate Suffering . Politics can  do that. ”

-  It is  the  rejection  of  belief  in  the performance  of  ritual  and sacrifice. 
-  Right view  is to  reject  the  divine power of the scriptures  . 
-  Right view  is to  give up  superstition  and  superstition . 
-  The idea  is to  give up  all the  doctrines that  only  discuss  arguments, but not  based on facts  or practical experiences  . 
- The right opinion  requires the mind and mind to be open.

“Everyone has  goals , aspirations and  ambitions . The  Mind of Mind (Samyag-Samkalpa) teaches that those  goals , aspirations and  ambitions  must be noble and admirable, not  low  and  worthless  .

One of the   oldest traditional Shakyamuni Buddha  images 

“Next is the  Official Language   (Samyag-vacca - Right Speech). The main language teaches that:

- Only  tell the truth , 
- Do not  fabricate , 
- Do not  speak ill  of others, 
- Must  refrain from  slander, 
- Do not let go of  angry  and  slanderous words  to others, 
- Should  speak well  and be  courteous  with  people , 
- It should not be  immersed  in the chat  idly ,  foolishly , which should only say what   a reasonable  and correct to the  problem .

“As I  explained , I  adhere  to  theFa-rectification  because  of fear or happiness. It should not be  concerned  at all about the god above  assess  how the  behavior  of her, or to any of the  losses  that  the language  can cause yourself. The principle is that Politicaladherence  is   not caused by fear of violating  prohibitions  from above, or because  of personal gain ; but all must be self-centered. ”

" The government  (Samyag-karmanta - Right Conduct) shows us   good manners . It teaches that all  acts  must  be based on  the  respect the  feelings and  rights  of others.  What is the principle of  Government ? It is user  activity most harmonious with the principles of life  fundamentally . Everything  we  do will be in harmony with the  Government  when they agree with these principles. ”

“And everyone has to earn a living. But there are many ways to  start a business , good and bad. Bad occupation is a kind  of injury  and injustice for others. A  good lifestyle is to find  jobs that  do not cause  injury  and injustice to anyone. This is called the destiny  (Samyag-ajiva - Right Livelihood). ” 

" The  diligent  (Samyag-vyayama - Right Efforts) is the direction of all  efforts  of yourself to destroy  ignorance of darkness, to come and open the door leading out of the dungeon  suffering  other. It is  diligence that  has four  purposes :

- One is to  prevent  the  state of  mind  that go against  the religion . 
- Two is to suppress those   bad mind states  if they have risen. - Three is to create  mind states  that can help us  meet  the demands of  the Path . - Four is to  promote  the  increase  and further develop the  state of mind is good  , if they  exist . "
 
  

" Righteous thoughts  (Samyak-smriti - Right Mindfulness) require  attention and  caution . It is the  vigilance  of the  mind . Another definition of righteous  thoughts  is the watchfulness and  protection of the  mind  against the   evil passions . ”

"Hey you begging Degree, with five  shackles , or  obstacles , always  the way of those who want to achieve  the is ,  the thinking ,  the language ,  the now ,  the destiny , the  diligent ,  righteous ."

"They are  greed ,  prejudice ,  lazily  lazy,  skeptical  and  did not result  decided. So must  overcome obstacles, but actually shackles, that. And how to  overcome them is thanks to the  Righteousness . But you should know that begging Graduate  Government regulations  (Samyak-Samadhi - Correct Concentration) actually differs Dinh (Samadhi - Concentration). That's a lot. ”

“Concentration is just a concentration of  thought . Surely  it also helps  achieve moments of  state of meditation , but the kind of breakthrough, though also temporarily stopped  five hindrances  there. "

“But these Zen moments are only temporary. So the prevention   of Dinh's other obstacles is only temporary. Thing  necessary  is  to achieve  the  redirect permanently of  mind .

"Only Dinh is still  negative , because many of Dinh only block these  obstacles in a short and temporary manner. And it did not  work out  for  the mind  to be doing so. In the meantime,  the  new Decree is  positive . It trains the  mind  to focus and  thinking  on  behavior ,  thought  good  (Kusala Karma) during  meditation . And thereby eliminating the tendency to lean toward   bad behaviors and  thoughts (Akusala Karma) created  by the  other five obstacles . Exactly giving the  mind the  habit of  thinking about the  good , and always thinking about the  good . Key to  create  mind  the  dynamic  force  necessary  to  doing good . "

Buddha  Shakyamuni  dynasty  Milinda ( Milinda ),  
the Indo Greece. First Century AD  
(Museum of Metropolitan, New York)

Then Buddha preached to the  false religious people  about the  Way of  Happiness (Paramita Marga). He explained to them that Hanh religion means  to follow  the virtues named:  Morality  (Sila),  generosity  (Dana), Conditioner (Pali: Uppekha - Sanskrit: Upeksha), Ly (Nekkhama),  Diligent  ( Virya),  Patience  (Khanti - Ksanti),  True  (Sacca - Satya),  Resolute (Adhithana - Pranidhana),  compassion  (Karuna),  generosity (Metta- Maitri).

The  writers  asked what the Buddha was like. And  Buddha to  continue to explain  to them:

-  Morality  (Sila), which is the avoidance of doing evil and doing only good, is the  shame of  doing  wrong . Morality  is the avoidance of doing evil. Morality  is afraid to do  wrong .

- The  cup  (Nekkhamma), is a  departure . Is  renouncing  the mundane pleasure  .

-  Giving  (Dana), is giving. To  dedicate  all:  wealth , blood and hands and feet, and maybe even one's own life, to help others without asking  for compensation .

-  Effort  (Virya), is the  effort . It is  trying  my best to  complete  what I have to do. And never had  the idea of  backing away.

-  Patience  (Ksanti), which is  patience , is  tolerance . Not taking resentment to resentment is  the core  of happiness  Tolerance . It is only  achieved  through  patience .

-  Foot  (Succa - Satya), is  true . Never  lie . The words  must always be  true .

-  Resolute  (Adhithana - Adhisthana), is  determined , is the  determination to achieve  the purpose  of the things that I have set.

-  Compassion  (Karuna), is the heart  of love  to all  people .

-  Guangzhou  (Metta - Maitri), is  kind  to all  beings . Not only with my friends, but also with my  enemies . Not just for  humans , but for all creatures.

-  Discharge  (calm) (Pali: Upekka - Sanskrit: Upeksa), is  serene , different from  indifference . Being in a mood that doesn't like to hate. No  pity  for  achievement , though still  part in  the  pursuit of  it.

These qualities must be  to implement  an  absolute . That is why they are called the summit (Paramita -  Paramitas multi  - States of Perfection)

After  explaining  about the Religion of him and all things  related , Buddha asks the  Venerable : "Does  morality  itself  is  the foundation  of the  good  in  the world  not?" And they  answered , "You  're right ."

And he  continued , "Does  morality  ( to preserve  liquidity  pure)  themselves thwarted by the  greed ,  passion ,  ignorance , the destruction of life,  theft ,  adultery  and  lies  not ? The  morality  itself  need to  accumulate  sufficient strength of character to contain the immorality Kathy did not? How can a man be a tool of  goodness  if   he himself is not pure? ”And they  replied ," Yes, as you say. "

“Again, why do people not move when  slavery  or bullying others? Why do people not move when causing suffering for   other people's lives ? Affordable  because people are not  genuine  in behavior with people? "And you  respected author responded to him in a way that negative (ie  agree  with him - nd).

"There must if anybody live by  eight  major directors  then every injustice and inhuman that  humans  are created for the  people  will no longer?" And your  false religions  have  answered , "Yes."

Moving to the  Way of Happiness , he asked, "Is it necessary to have  almsgiving (Dana) to  eliminate  all the suffering of the poor and hungry; and to  promote  all  good things  ? Is it  alright for the compassionate  almond  (Karuna)  to  have to overcome  poverty  everywhere? Is it alright Ly (Nekkhama)  necessary  to do selfless things? Then is  it  necessary  to have the happiness of the Peace (Upekka) in an  effort to  engage, even if it does not involve personal  interests  ? ”

Then Buddha asked, "I  need to  love  everyone , right?" They all  answered , "Yes."

"Then I should go  farther  and said that, please  love  is not enough. The  essential thing  here is  Cantonese  (Maitri). It is bigger than  love . It means the relationship not only between  man  and  man , but with all living things. It is not only  limited  in  humanity . Perhaps not so pleased  generous  unnecessary? In addition, the longer it something else can  devote  to every creature joy  happiness  that we desire for  ourselves ; Can keep  mind  regardless open to all; bestow  love  love to  everyone  and does not hate anyone where? "They  answered ," Yes. "

  4th Century Sakyamuni Buddha Statue

"But to  practice  the virtues this must have sufficient  wisdom (Prajna -  Prajna ). Do you see that  wisdom  is  necessary ? ”The  religious men  did  not answer the Buddha. To make them  answer , Buddha preached that the good qualities of a  good person  are: "Do not do bad things, have  no bad thoughts , do not earn a living  badly. And don't say anything  bad  or can  hurt  others. ”They all said," Yes that's right. "

"But it should do  good deeds  in a  blind it?" Buddha asked. And he said, "No way. Just doing good things is not enough. ”  The Buddha explained  to the  writers :“ Because if so, can an infant claim that he is doing  good  ? The child has not yet  know itself  if it is, then it do anything with  the body  it  better  as the bike, kicking wildly. He didn't know what the  words  were, he  said  something  better than  crying. It does not know  the thought is nothing but crying. He doesn't know how to eat  better than tobreastfeed, say something to do bad things  . ”

"So  the  virtue  needs to  go hand in hand with  Prajna , which is another way of  intelligence  and  understanding ."

"There is also  reason  anymore for the  necessity  of  Wisdom density  (Prajna Paramita -  Smart  apex ). We have to make  alms . But  if there is  no  Prajñā  ( intelligent ,  wise ) then  that almsgiving  can be  counterproductive . We have to  practice  virtues  of compassion . But there is no  wise  the  kindness  compassion that moves gradually can support  bad qualities . "

“I  think  there must be  knowledge  and  awareness  of  how to behave  badly and how it forms. Similarly , there must be  knowledge  and  awareness  about what is   right behavior , and what is   wrong behavior . Without that  knowledge, there is no   real practice , even though our work can be a good thing. That is why I say  Prajna  is a  nature  must  have. "

Then  the Buddha  finished  his  lecture  with the following commandments for the  false religious . “You can give   my Dharma a  pessimism , because it calls people's attention to the  existence  of suffering. I would say to you that  says about me just like Religion is  wrong . "

“It is true that my Tao  is interested  in the  existence  of  defilements , but don't forget that it also  emphasizes  the equivalent of eradicating  defilements . In Dao I have both  hope  and  purpose . Its purpose  is to  eliminate  ignorance , which means ignorant mind does not  understand  the  existence  of suffering. Still having  hope because it  only leads  the way to  cessation of suffering  for the  people . Do you  agree  with that? ”And  fake religious people answer  is yes.

The Deer Park  is now, in Sarnath, with Dhamekh Tower

The five religious monks   were enlightened that this was a   new Dharma . They were  impressed  by the new approach to the  troubles  of  life . So they  unanimously  stated  , "There has never been a Master of a  religion  before that that  the  true basis  of Tao is the  realization of  the suffering of  mankind . And there  has never  been a Master who teaches that the  cessation of suffering  is  the  main purpose of the Tao as he wakes up.

“Never a  method of  salvation has been  proposed in  a very simple way, without   super-  natural  and  superman elements . A  Dharma  truly  independent , or can say is truth in opposition to the  law through other regular or put  emphasis  on the  soul , in  God  and in  life after death , such  methods of  this. " 

"The  world  has never  had a Tao before that which  has  nothing to do with  the revelation ,   the mysterious prophecy ; that the commandments of Religion up are  derived  from the demand for lives of  humans , but not from the prohibited thing of the  Divine ; like  this Tao . ”

"Never that  liberation  is formed  from grace  lily  happy  because  people automatically  achieved  in life  is, in this world, by  living  righteous ,  moral  of  themselves  as such."

This is the  impression  that the five  venerable  spoke  with  people  after they heard  the Buddha  preach  the  Dharma  his new. They saw from him a reformer with  genuine humanitarian goals  . A person full of  creativity  and  the courage  to dare to  brave  give a  notion  opposite, ie the  doctrine  of  liberation  even in this world, in this life, through the amendment  interior  by  method  self-improvement and self control .

Their   Buddha's worship was so infinite, that they  immediately  submitted to  him and wished him to accept them as  disciples . Buddha  received them in the course of his religious by the welcome became  popular , "Ehi Bhikkave" ( "Compassion hybrid monk", which means "Come, monk"). From there they were called "Panchavargiya Bhikkus", ie "The Five Venerable Bhikkhu". And they always recounted a conversation meticulously as a  lecture  to heart  for the  disciples  of  Buddha  Shakyamuni  then.

Gold box containing 3 jade  relics of  Buddha  Shakyamuni  by King Kanisha ( Ca Ni Sac Ca ) of the  reign of  the Kushan (Kushan) buried in Kashmir (Kashmir Si La) century AD 1. The British found it and brought it back to preserve in Mandalay, Burma since 1910. END=NAM MO SAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=THICH CHAN TANH.AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.24/2/2019.