How does Buddhism from India directly propagate into Vietnam?

The evidence leads us to conclude that Indian monks came directly to Vietnam to propagate Buddhism and thus the Buddhist center in Luy Lau was established. The temple in which Dau Pagoda was one of the most important Buddhist centers in the early centuries.

A. The

backbone of the Indo-Chinese Peninsula:  Vietnam is the back of the Indo-Chinese Peninsula, the position of this peninsula is between India and China. Because the terrain between the two big countries has the oldest culture of humanity, Vietnam naturally influences both cultures, including religion. 

From the north, China has plummeted to occupy land with the attempt to assimilate the Vietnamese, turning Vietnam into a part of their territory. Therefore, the Vietnamese struggle to survive and preserve their independence, but inevitably have the influence of language, culture and religion.

From the West, India was at the height of its cultural and religious expansion to its peaceful, peaceful neighbors, because it was originally intended to be traded back and forth. The non-violent nature of Buddhism has entered the human heart in a natural way that is easy to integrate with the local cultures. Thus, the Indians have had a profound effect on the surrounding countries. The evidence shows that Buddhism has the largest number of believers in the world today. There have been so many theories about the timing and direction of the introduction of Buddhism into Vietnam. Traditionally, many historians believe that Buddhism from China came to Vietnam. That's not true. The origin of Buddhism in Vietnam must be said to be directed by Buddhist traders and Indian monks into Vietnam.

Ways and routes of entry

After the restoration of the whole of India, King Asoka went to the throne in 273 BC for 37 years. He is a very Buddhist who values ​​the welfare of the people in the spirit of Buddhism. India under his reign was very prosperous. He was so enthusiastic in reviving Buddhism that he built over 84,000 Buddhist temples throughout India. At the same time the king also built countless stone pillars in the relics of the Buddha as in Lumbini garden now located in the country of Nepal where the Buddha, the Bodhisattva where Buddhism Buddha, At Deer Park Buddha where the first sermon, in the forest Ta La Song Tho where Buddha Nibbana ...

Thanks to the archeological stone pillar, archaeologists have clearly identified the relics of the Buddha. In addition, archaeologists have found 35 relics only numbered by King Asoka advised descendants later to continue worshiping the Buddha and promote the spread of Buddhism. Among them is the index number 4 found in today's Mount Kandahar in Afghanistan, which contains the king's teachings to hold the annual Buddha's birthday solemnly and to spread the Buddha's teachings to all. The dwarf index 6 found at Mount Gimar in western India has more detail about the worship of the Buddha by organizing the procession of the statue of the Buddha and the relics of the birth day ... 

Sri-Lanka Mahavamsa states that Asoka gave Prince Mahinda through Sri Lanka to propagate Buddhism and that since then, every year the solemnity of the Buddha was celebrated. Although Ceylon was invaded by Britain and pressured by the Western Christian mission to abandon the feast of Vesak in 1815, Sri Lankan Buddhists have struggled and demanded the return of Buddha's birthday on April 17. 1885. Since then the Buddha was very flourishing in this island.

From the movement to revive Buddhism under King Asoka, Buddhism is full of energy, many talents intellectuals including the lay Buddhist and many prominent intellectuals of the clergy should have been favorable for the transmission. Buddhist out of the country. Continuing from the Asoka period, according to various records, it has been shown that in the second century BC there was a very liberal Mahayana Buddhist movement, very active in evangelization in the country and transmitted to foreign countries especially by sea to the surrounding countries.

The spread of Buddhism from India in the Indian civilization spread around the surrounding countries. In the Ramayana epic of India, the names of countries such as Sumatra, the land of gold (Suvanna Bhumi), Java, etc., are mentioned. According to W. Cohn's sources in the Buddhah in der Kunst des Ostens, Leipzig 1925; FM Schnitger in The Archaellogy of Hindoo Sumatra, Leyde 1937 and G. Ferrand in Journal Asiatique Juillet - Aout 1919 ... Mulavarman's Sanskrit texts were found in the Kutei areas of Borneo and stone inscriptions Sanskrit of Purnavarman in West Java. Amaravati Buddha statues found in Sampaga (Célèbes) in southern Giember (East Java province) on Se Guntang hill in Pelembang (Sumatra) are probably the oldest in BC. It has therefore been concluded that the early civilizations and religions from India that have passed to Indonesia must have occurred before BCE. Thus, it is of course logical that civilization and religion from India sail to Guizhou at the same time and follow the sea route to the north.

Civilizations and religions from India also spread through Malaysia in areas such as Perak, Siem Reap ..., through Thailand, Cambodia, Burma ... In Cambodia, archaeologists have found four stone stelae. engraved with Sanskrit. 

According to V. Rougier in the book Nouvelles Découvertes Château au Quang Nam, Befeo XI, wrote that archeologists have found the Indochinese Buddhist statue one of the finest sculptures of the Amaravati school of India. This shows that it was the Indians who transmitted Buddhism directly to Vietnam, not from China.

According to HG Quaritch Wales, the Indian missionaries and merchants used the medium and long-haul routes from southern India instead of going through the Malacca Strait. They have crossed the Isthmus of Kra and the Malay Peninsula, they can cross several hours by road from the Indian Ocean to the Malay Peninsula. They used the waterway between Andaman and Nicobar, or use the waterway between Nicobar and Achin to reach Kedah, where archaeologists found many ancient objects of Indian civilization. They continue this road to Thailand, Cambodia and into Vietnam.

At the same time Indians from Central India also use the optical route through the Hasse Des Trois Pagodes, along the Kanburi River to the Menam delta, from there to the Mekong River to Laos, then to Thanh Hoa, Nghe An and to Luy Long of Jiaozhou. On this route archaeologists have also found ancient artifacts of Indian civilization and relics.

If we analyze the earliest Zen meditations in Vietnam, such as the Vinitaruci meditation series, the unknown year of birth as in 594, the South Indians, The practicing chieftain at Phap Van Pagoda, commonly known as the Dau Pagoda in Luy Lau, is still in Thanh Khuong commune, Thuan Thanh district, Hebei province, one of the earliest pagodas established. and the Vien Ngu Thong Meditation (the year of birth is unknown if the Zen master died in 826), for example, it is clear that directly influenced the thought of Bat Nha from India. 

Class of Boat Park in England, have recorded the passage Zen Vinītaruci called Falun Hien said that: 

"Great mind of the Buddha does not deceive us. Emptiness is full as bad, no missing, no redundant, no go, no come, no not lose, no other, not often not; not in the birth, nor in the place of death, neither leave nor leave far away because of the opposite of the future conditions, but to put out names like that. So the Buddhas of the three generations are so that the law, the group of generations also do that, but also that the legal solution, you also do that law. They are like sentient beings or innocent by the way . "  

That is the idea of ​​Bat Nha, if anyone who has studied the Bat Nha business is clear, as in comparison with the Prajnaparamitra Mind we also understand that. . 

According to K. Mukerji in the Indian Literature in China and the Far East, the Chinese had to wait until the beginning of the fifth century, Kumarajiva, to translate the Prajñā Sutra in China and then have a profound influence. of this business. Meanwhile, the Astasahasrika set by Khuong Tang Hoi in Giao Chi at the beginning of the third century was considered by the Buddhists to be the most ancient Indian from the Bat Nha literature. Whereas the Prajnaparamas of Damasahasrika, translated by Lokasema in China at the end of the Han dynasty, appear to be much slower, perhaps in the second period of the Prajnaparitan literature in India (see Jaidava Singh in the book An Introduction to Hadhyamaka (Essay) Philosophy.

This shows that the Bat Nhat Bat Nha, translated by Khuong Sang Hoan, was taken directly by the monks from India directly to Giao Chi at a much earlier time than during the translation of the Sutra. In order to be able to translate the Sutras, in order to be able to translate Sutras, there must be institutes and teaching centers in Giao Chi, especially the Bat Nha Sutras and the Pali Sanskrit doctrine. Indian monks teach. 

There are many explanations for the causes of the spread of civilization and religion from India to the surrounding countries in which the migration from India to other countries is also important. In the early years of the Christian era, Kushans invasions were also responsible for the Indian exodus. Indian expatriates have spread their religion and civilization to local people in their new homeland, which is natural and has become like a gradual oil spill over the neighborhood.

But, according to G. Coedes, the author of Histoire Ancienne Des Etudes Hindouisée d'Extrême Orient, 1944, the profound cause of India's civilization and religion expansion is economic, commercial, trading between the Far East and the Mediterranean. Next came the rise of Alexandre, the establishment of the Maurya dynasty, then the Kaniskha dynasty in India ... Mostly the Roman Empire in the West strongly stimulated the Indian trade (see EH Warminton in The Commerce Between The Roman Empire and India, Cambridge 1928). The major trade items are pepper, cinnamon, agarwood and gold.

From the early centuries BC, India was still buying gold in Xibire on the way through Bactriane, but from the second century BC because of the massive migration in Central Asia, it has blocked the shipping route. Then they redirected to import gold from Rome, but soon Rome did not sell gold abroad so India moved to the east and to Giao Chau to buy pepper, cinnamon, gold and silver jade. (See the Roman coins found in India by R. Sewell, 1904). 

Because Vietnam's terrain lies on the axis of traffic from South Asia to North Asia and is almost located between the Southeast Asian countries, Indian trains follow the southwest wind before arriving in China. stopping for leisure as well as learn Chinese and get familiar with the customs of Vietnam and China before going into mainland China. 

Indian traders have to follow the monsoons of the South West to ship to countries like Malaysia, Indonesia, Vietnam ... The return journey must wait for next year. There are North East monsoons to sail to India.

Indian merchants are not, of course, Buddhist monks, but because they are too far away to travel on the high seas, they often worship and pray Avalokitedvara, the Bodhisattva and the Buddha. Dipankara to bridge the ear of victims from the sea. The Indians relied on the Buddha Buddha to protect them when they solved the recitation of His name (see A. Fouchet in Iconographie Bouddhique). 

The Phàm Mon in the Lotus Sutra has the following sentences:Reciting the title of Avalokitesvara in fire, the fire can not burn, and it is the force of the Great. If swept away by the great water that recited the title of Avalokitesvara, then immediately into the shallow water. Hundreds of thousands of thousands of memories, because of the silver, gold, glass, distillery, agate, coral, amber, pearl, and other precious things ..., to the sea; Assuming that there is a big wind in the skies, the boat sails into the island nation, so that only one person can recite the Quan Yin Emperor. Laughter. For such reasons, this great monk has the title Avalokiteshvara . " 

Because the Indian merchant ships always bring the statues of Buddhas and Bodhisattvas with them to worship, so when they arrived in Jiaozhou, they waited until next year to go back to the Northeast wind, for that long period of that year. They have naturally influenced the Indigenous people. There are also some people who settled in Giao Chau to get married. These Indians were the nuclei of Buddhism in Jiaozhou during the early embryonic period. 

Also due to the reason for praying for the accident from the sea in the immense sea of ​​big waves so dangerous Indian traders often invite some Buddhist monks on the boat with them to bridge vow It is these Buddhist monks who have left Jiaozhi and their religious activities gradually influencing the local people they come in contact with. Thus, Buddhism was penetrated into the Vietnamese people in a very peaceful and well-received manner by the local people. So Buddhism developed rapidly and spread to other parts of Giao Chau at that time. Thanks to such favorable conditions, Luy Lau Buddhist Center was established in Giao Chau very soon.

Then Buddhism from Luy Lau was transmitted to China, from China to the Korean Peninsula and from this peninsula to Japan. (Refer to the famous Japanese Buddhist books by Japanese historian Kamata, Tokyo 1981). 

C. The time and the existence of Buddhism in Vietnam

Two centuries BC, Buddhist centers in the southeast coast of India such as Amaravati and Nagarjunakonda have become centers of Mahayana Buddhism flourishing. It is from the flourishing Mahayana movement in India that the monks came to the merchant ships through the Buddhist religion and thus the Luy Lau Buddhist Center in Giao Chi (Vietnam at the time) was established. At present in Luy Lau there are historical relics in which Dau Pagoda is also known as Phap Van Pagoda, where later in about 580, the monk Venerable Thich Nhat Luu Chi (Indians) practiced here. 

Buddhism from India was transmitted directly to Vietnam before it was transmitted to China rather than Buddhism from China to Vietnam as old books. (According to the book "Vietnamese Buddhist Theology, Book I, by Nguyen Lang, 1994).

According to a Japanese historian, Kamata, in the book of Chinese Buddhist History, published at the University of Tokyo in 1981, has repeatedly confirmed that Buddhism has entered China from Vietnam, is Vietnam, there is a section called Giao Chi. The mention of Giao Giao refers to the center of Buddhism in Luy Lau. 

Where are the words Luy Long? It is called Lau Lau, also known as Lien Lau, which is located in the center of the Red River delta, Thuan Thanh district, Ha Bac province, North Vietnam. In the past, Vietnam had three ancient towns: Luy Lau, Long Bien and Co Loa. Luy Lau is located on the bank of the river Dau 5 km north of Duong River. Luy Lau people are very famous for silkworm rearing and silk weaving. On the terrain, there are many waterways running through Luy Lau making it a very important trading center. There are roads such as the road to Pha Lai, Dong Trieu to the border of Viet Trung (now the road No. 18). The waterway from Dau River connects Duong River, Red River to the sea, or connects to Luc Dau River, Thai Binh River and then to the sea.

Due to its favorable location for transportation, Dau is a very busy commercial center. Indian and Chinese merchants flocked here to buy and sell agricultural products, forest products, textiles and other industrial goods. They buy goods here to bring home or continue to trade through other countries in the region. 

Luy Lau is also a political center, the capital of Giao Chau through the ages of the northern domination. This capital can be built from the time of Trieu Da, 179 BC. After the Han Dynasty captured the South Vietnamese of the Trieu Da, they retained Luo Lau as the ruler of Jiaozhi. In the Han chronicler records the 10 districts of Jiaozhi District in which Luy Lau is the head.

Thanks to such a position, not only merchants but also Indian Buddhist monks have come here to spread Buddhism, learn Chinese characters and translate Sanskrit into Sanskrit before going to work. diffusion work easier to delve into mainland China. 

Buddhist Lounges spread throughout the Red River Delta, and throughout the Red River Delta at that time. Buddhism has created Luy Lau a nice custom, a dear image that people here are proud to never forget the following verses:  

" Whoever trades hundreds of careers  

on the eighth day About the Strawberry "  

Or  

" Wherever you go to Where  

to see the Strawberry Tower is about "

Thus Luy Lau Buddhism has been associated with folk beliefs, folklore and customs. It represents the folk psychology, the world view and the desire, the gentleness of the people of the Dâu region and the North Vietnamese plain to this day still retain the characteristics of folk Buddhism. 

In contrast to the past in India in the Asoka era (Ascension to the throne in 273 BC and the 37th year of the reign of the Buddhist monk in the Middle), the whole of India based in Pimlipra, he invited thousands of monks to work on the drafting of the Law and sent many delegations to foreign countries to spread the Western, Eastern and Southeast Asian countries.

The Burmese records say a delegation led by Uttara and Sona arrived in Burma to propagate Buddhism. Thai Buddhism records that the two Cao Cao mentioned above also passed to Thailand to propagate Buddhism. But those two Cao Tang continued to travel to Vietnam and China, no record recorded. According to Chinese records, there is a stupa of King Ashoka in Jiaozhou at Ne Le (now Do Son). It can be said that Buddhism was transmitted directly from India to Vietnam very early in the time of King Asoka in India. 

We still know that from North India there are roads that can pass through China, but to Luoyang, Pengcheng and other Chinese cities are very far, Through the vast desert, summer is very hot and winter is extremely cold, very dangerous in many aspects are not convenient for trade. Moreover, when traveling by road, only horses can be used, so transporting goods is not convenient. For these reasons, roads are not used by traders and Buddhist monks. 

According to George Coedes in his book, " Histoire ancienne des états hindouisés d'Extrême orient " writes: Most parts of India are involved in the spread of Indian civilization outside the Indian mainland, but the largest part belongs to South India.

Looking at the map of the world, we see that the spread must go by sea to Vietnam and other Southeast Asian countries. Professor Louis De La Vallée Puossin in the book Dynasties et histoire de l'Inde writes that all seaports in the East Indies are involved in the joint promotion of Indian civilization to foreign countries. South Indian ports make the most out of it. Both of these documents suggest that the spread of Indian civilization, of course including Buddhism, to the neighboring countries must be the sea, which means that Buddhism must be transmitted to Vietnam. before entering China again. 

In the 5th century there was Fa Hien and at the end of the seventh century China's Vijn was on the boat at Tamralipti also called Tamluk, the mouth of the Ganges to return to China. So it was not until the seventh century that the sea was still the most convenient means of transport from India to Southeast Asia and to China. 

The above points to the fact that the propagation of Indian civilization, including Buddhism, was more favorable to the neighboring countries by sea than land. This further clarifies the spread of Buddhism from India to Vietnam at that time by sea, and thus, of course, is far earlier than China over many years. 

In the book " Linh Nam Chich Quai " story initiates and Tien Dung as follows:   

"Dong Xie and Tien Dung set up markets dealing with foreign merchants. One day, a foreigner trains a foreigner by boat out of the country. They stopped at a mountain called Quynh Vien to get fresh water. Under Quynh Vien Mountain, Dong Zi met an Indian Buddhist monk in a hut. Monk lecture for Dong Tu listen, Dong Tu centered on the island to study, give gold for you to go shopping for yourself, when you return to visit the same day. When he returned home, the monk gave him a stick and a cone, telling him that with these things he could do miracles. After returning home, Dong Xun taught the Dharma to Tien Dung, both were enlightened, quit the trade, find teachers ... ". 

In the story it refers to foreigners who are Indian. At the same time, Dong Tử and Tien Dung abandoned the business to teach teachers that Buddhism is very popular with the people. The story further clarified that Buddhism was spread to Vietnam directly from India, and was transmitted by the monks themselves. In the book " Ngo Chi ", Vien Huy's letter was sent to Thuong Huc in 207, including praise for Si Nhiep, who had kept peace in Giao Chau district for more than 20 years, and wrote: When going out, the bell rang, majestic enough, the flute blowing, carriage full of sugar, Ho people go near the burning incense car often have several people."Ho people are Indian monks, then there are many in Giao Chau. Because the photographer is very devoted Buddhist, so in the ceremony are native monks and Indian monks. project.  

according to Tran Van Giap ,. author of " Le Bouddhism En Des Origines Au Annam XIIIe Siècle " which refers to Chinese Mau Tu as before under Taoism, then citizenship Jiaozhou, Buddhist and Catholic school He then wrote the book " Reason or Comment " ( the logic to dissolve the suspicion or Buddhism.), is the earliest Buddhist book in Vietnam in Chinese. That is to say that Buddhism has grown so popular many centuries ago that is from the century BC. If not, why did Muzit learn the Buddha in Jiaozhou without studying Buddhism in China? That is, Buddhism in China was not popular at all or had just been introduced. This land is not so long developed in Giao Chau, although it is known that at that time in China there is insanity but not so that absolutely can not study the Dharma. 

In the book " Oral argument"written in the second century CE in Jiaozhou, speaks volumes about monks and nuns in Jiaozhou, including both indigenous and foreign monks and monks, as follows: Today, some people like to drink good wine, sometimes have a wife and children, know how to store money, your precious. "In the passage above we give the following remarks: First is the word" Sa-proAccording to the rank of Buddhist monks and nuns when they are ordained, they are called Sa Di. After many years of study, there are many well-known practices in Buddhist Law and over 20 years of age. Bhikshuni must be 348. After receiving bhikkhuni or Bhikkhuni novitana, each year they must enter and continue to study for the next few decades and must have good virtue, exemplary and usually above. The 50-year-old newcomers to the Venerable.

The Venerable Master continued his teaching, was exemplary in all respects, and often over 60 years old, was set up by the Congregation for the ordination of the Most Venerable Master and higher than the Venerable Master. . Often the Elders or Venerable Masters are called Sa Mon. But it was not Buddhism spreading into Vietnam overnight. In a century there could be many monks like Mau Tu. In order to have the Sanskrit monasteries according to the above training process, it may be necessary to undergo several generations who have enough senior monks, enough monks, monks, teachers, and the Certificate of Sufficiency (the Seven Honored Persons), and there must be many monks who have enough virtue to be able to receive the nuns, monks, nuns and so forth. 

So if counting back from the time when Li or Luan was born (according to Paul Pelliot, he was born in 165-170). According to Thich and Paul Pelliot, Ly Bao Luan was written at the end of the second century, meaning that the stories of Buddhism that he wrote belonged to the second century. And it may have been a long time before it would take several hundred years to get enough time to train the Shrines as mentioned in the book.

 Next thing is the Buddha must have been in Giao Chau for a long time, there are many temples and many monks and nuns, Buddhist activities are many generations so Buddhists have long been born to ignore, Sa-Mon, in the indifferent, forgetfulness of believers, the new Sa Mon new birth as in the Li Or Luan wrote. 

According to the above data, it can be concluded that Buddhism was introduced by the Indian monks in Vietnam very slowly in the BC century or sooner or later to produce the negative phenomena that Mau Tzu mentioned come. 

In the case of monk Khuong Tang Hoi (200-280). According to the book " Vietnam Buddhist Using Argument " Book I, Nguyen Lang from page 85, reads as follows: 

"Parents of the Sangha family (Sogdiane) reside in Giao Chi to trade. Sang Hoi is certainly born on Giao Chi, his parents died at age ten. I do not know who raised the Association after his parents died, only know that he grew up to go home and study very advanced (Cao Tang Stories). I also do not know who your teacher is and among the ten monks ordained to him is a foreign monk. I only knew him well in both Sanskrit and Chinese. In his writings, there is a collection of Nehalem Pham Boi, a poem on Nirvana, which recruited from the Sanskrit sutras, the Sutra of the Sutra. He did not lose to the Chinese at the time. Of course you were born in Jiaozhou you have to speak fluently our country. " 

"The Book of High Stories states that he went to the Wu state capital (now Nanjing) in the tenth year of the Cyclamen, ie, in 247. He died in 280, the tenth year of the Tai Dynasty. So he was in China for 33 years. Many people think that he has translated and translated here, but in fact a significant part of this work was done in Jiaozhi. " 

" In the title of the An Bang Thu Yin he wrote, we see Clear evidence that he wrote this article before 229, that is, he was still practicing in Jiaozhi. It is details An The Cao, who translated the An Bang Thu An business: "There is a Bodhisattva named An Thanh, self is the Cao, the target of the king of An Thuc, after giving up the throne for refuge through the land. Then came back to the Sutra."The Sutra here is Luoyang, it is in Luoyang that An Shao translated many suttas into the second half of the second century, if this title was written after 229, You must be an architect, not a Luoyang, because after Sun Yat-sen's rule, our country has already belonged to Dong Ngo, not Northern Wei. 

" The important details also give us historical data. The books that An The Cao translated into Luoyang were brought and circulated in Jiaozhi during the monastic uprising period. These sutras, such as the An Bang Thuat Sutra, were brought down by Laodie Buddhists to the refugees in Jiaozhi. Among these lay Buddhists are Tran Tue, the student of the High Priest, whom the Sangha had met and collaborated with the An Bang Thuong . "

 After reading the above paragraph we clearly see that the business that An The Cao was translated in Giao Chau and Giao Chau was brought to Luoyang to An Cao translation. This again asserted that Buddhism was introduced into Vietnam much earlier in China and had developed and had a lot of scripture circulated there before being transferred to China. 

 In the title of An Bang Thu Nghia, Khuong Tang Hoi wrote: " I was born as a last remnant, just enough to carry firewood, my mother died, and the three monks also died, looking up clouds, I lack the instructor"Three Teachers are the Most Venerable, the Maitreya, the three highest priests in the Sangha for the Sangha and the Buddhists as mentioned above." This again shows that Vietnamese Buddhism has At that time, there was much evidence that until the middle of the 3rd century China had the transmission of precepts to the level of " Tam Master ".  

According to the book" Zen Uyen Tap Luc English"(written from the end of the eleventh century to the beginning of the 13th century, engraved in the 11th year of the 11th Vinh Thinh (1715), the story of the Buddhist teaching in Vietnam with the details that: On the full moon day Two, the fifth coniferous spring (1096), the Holy Spirit of the Crown Prince (ie Lan Lan Phi, mother of King Ly Nhan Tong, was appointed Crown Prince in 1073) to the temple of Trai Tang. During the talk she asked Zen Master Tri Khong (The Nation of Taiwan) about the Buddhist teachings in our country when, the monk has quoted Professor Dam Thien Chinese responds to the Constitution of Giao Chau Buddhism as follows. : "Giao Chau district has access road to Thien Truc. When Buddhism first arrived in Jiangdong not yet, in Luy Lau there were 20 stupas, the level was 500 monks and translated 15 business books. So Buddhism has transmitted to Giao Chau (Vietnam) before our country (China). At that time there were monks such as Mahajivaka, Indian monk who came to Luy Lau around 168-169, Khuong Tang Hoi, Kalaruci, Giao Chau in the beginning of the third century), Mau Bac etc. .. live there . " 

According to Li or Luan records we can understand that the business has been translated in Jiaozhou much, not just 15 books only. 

In the lyric or lyric: 

"People ask the question: True truth is often not the flower, the word is not truthful ... so the precious stone is rubble that is scrapped. In ancient times, he made seven sutras, texts not more than three thousand words and nothing is not enough in each of these texts. Today, the Buddhist scriptures have thousands, words have thousands of memories, a person can not read all. I am bored without reading . " 

It was a book written in the late second century that would allow us to visualize the number of scriptures that had been translated and circulated in Giao Chau at that time. see Buddhism was introduced into Jiaozhou long time, many monks, scholars really had enough time and level of service experience much like that.END=NAM MO SAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY=THICH CHAN TANH.THE MIND OF ENLIGHTENMENT.VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=GOLDEN LOTUS MONASTERY=AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.30/9/2018.