Chapter Two

The  establishment of  Sangha

1.  Congregation  monks

Legend  says the four signs: birth, aging, illness, death (suffering) and monks ( liberation ), which  Prince Siddhattha (All-reach radars) seen at the four gates after those times walking was The sketches give us the content of  the Prince's thought  to  finally  make him  decide to  leave the throne, the palace, the  wife ... the things that the world calls  happiness  to  the path  . River Anoma, after farewell servant  loyalty  is Chandaka (Tele-anonymously) and horse Kanthaka (Kien-monitoring) valuable,  Prince  haircut, change the kingdom medical to get the coffee-sa  septic identity , He became  a  monk , a monk. Then, after six years of  persistence ,  efforts  practice , life  hermit , he  realized ,  become  the Greatest recluse, recluse life,  leaders of  congregations  include those recluses.

Recluses (Samana) is generally understood as a  monk , who diligently do good (to assume), who get rid of  bad karma  (ie fake), who lives  poor , nothing for himself (Hospice author ). But to  understand  more, it is  necessary to mention some other words related  to the Sa- domain  .

From recluses and  pictures  monks have  become  too  familiar  to the Buddha, especially in the  country  is developing in the south and southeast of the Central, where record  footprints  Buddha  in the years  of growth ,  practice , Dharma work of him, which today has  become a  shrine  of  Buddhists four directions,  photos of you  priests  of all  denominations  live in the streets,  begging  to appear everywhere, from the forest Deep, high mountains, from countryside to the cities of Capernaum, Cát-thẠ¥ c,

Picture  a  retreat  where the  desert  is seen around the  world , especially  in ancient times , they are recorded in the folklore,  mythology ..., there are  hermits,  sages ,  wizards , in line shui, the deities, holy, .... and the  monks  wandered  alms  but as a  characteristic  of the  culture  of India  stock, still is not something  strange , with the  other places  in the  world . During the Middle Ages in Europe, the monk  Christian  also  apply  almond  alms . Francois d'Assise saint (1182 - 1226) is a  case  typical: the  founding  line this Franciscaine human capital is a  modern commercial  part,  rich  in superlative, has  decided to  live  poor , with very crowded  disciples  follow happy wandering  mendicant .

But, back  far  more in  the past  by reading the  sutras Vedas, scattered body lake we see  the shadow  of the  steps Clairvoyance  (RSI), but  absolutely , to live separately, homeless, living By  alms  are not mentioned. Moreover, why find  pictures  of you "leave  family  relatives" in the Vedas as the Brahmin teacher  originally  advocated lives only in one phase only, and  the landlord  was mentioned for completeness of the obligation to do to  complete the  role of a  faithful  pious ,  

Sang to the Upanisads, we see  images  of  monks  alms ,  give up  life , and  life is not to be regarded as a  condition  the highest  ideal  to achieve guidance. Of the 108 sets of Upanisads, not to mention unrecoverable sets, there are seventeen sets of "to give up life" (Sanskrit). The're  done  lifestyles  are known by many nouns: Bikkhu, sannyasin, Parivarajaka, Avahate and Paramahamsa (according to the  list of  Sukumar Dutt, Buddhist Monks and Monasties of India, George Allen and Unwin LTD, London, 1962 ). Ministry of Brahadarayaka Chandogya and  explained  further: "  

Scattered in the Upanisads, we met the noun,  meaning  can  convert  to each other; SANNYASIN (who  completely  stripped of everything), Parivarajaka (wanderer without a home, without  people  familiar ), Bhiksu, Bhikkhu (those not  owned , lived by  begging ).

Upanisads has  transformed  a  conception  of life and  practice  of Vedas by dividing the three life stages, not just one. That "1) Take force  study  of the Vedas, 2)  Retreat , 3) Always lived in his house. Who in three phases on in life will be blessed, but born in the  heavens .  But However , those who  dwell  in a  steadfast  on  Brahma (Brahman) will achieve immortality ".

Thus, it is difficult to define "homeless life", "wandering, begging" ... which of the three stages and "staying  faithfully  in Brahma" is generally For three stages or should be a fourth stage?

Anyway, even the wandering  mendicant  mentioned in the Upanisads is just a sampling of  the ideal , the lack of  nature  really,  specifically  of a  man  living in  society . And  properties  specific  to it later on the new  show , especially in the  sect  outside  the system  Vedas, as the sect Vedanga  clerk  or a lot of other schools as history books do not tell all. That is not including some of the content or some Upanisads written after the Buddha or the United-na (Jainism) has  tried to  highlight more  pictures  of you  beg artist . As mentioned above, During the Buddha, there were many Mendicant monks . In the  meditation held in the  city , people see each group of  mansions of  all kinds  of sects ,  mixed  with how many are drunk, begging ... due to lazy, by  evading  the law , due to  psychological bias , etc .. There, the  monks  beg officers often  distinguish  quite so  may ways, seems to look,  attitude  cavalier ,  calm ,  serene , especially  the position  usually have  bowls  are  preserved  very  carefully , and then, with care  become objects  symbolizing  for the  lineage  of  concrete subjects . Those who  highlight the  personality  moral  sublime, are  people  called "those who  diligently  in life spirituality", ie Samana (recluse). When a Sa-subject is highly  respected ,  prominent in other Sa-objects is called brahmana (brahmana). 

When  the Buddha  attained enlightenment , to  educate  sentient beings  in  the image of  a Satan, they called him Maha Samana and called  his  disciples monks,   the Sa-  son of Sakyaputtàya Samanas). Also the  disciple monks  of  Buddha  , then called himself Bhikkhu (monks), is very close from Bhiksu (Bi-number, Turn-number) means wanderers,  Mendicant , who left home to  Go intothe  homeless life (Agàrasmà anagàriyani pabbajati). And,  community of monks (Bhikkhu) or just a group called Bikkhu Bikkhu Sangha ( Congregation for the monks,

From within the Vedas, a group  practice  called Sangha or Ghana. Both later used from  confused  to only those  communities  Mendicant  of any  sect  does. And,  finally  the congregation  of  the Buddha  himself as Sangha and  congregations  States-na (Janism) purportedly Gana. This name is later considered to be  official  of  Buddhism  and Jainism.

Monks and union monks (or  Congregation  monks that much later  we  called  Buddhist Church ), which is a  reality , a living organism, formation and development of  community  social  Then follow the principle of natural life  . And was a living organism, the monks,  Congregation  monks or  Buddhist Church  will continue to grow, characterized  especially  by yourself with the organization, staffing,  activities ,  achievements ... Worthy of manifesting one  of the  greatest religions of  humanity .

2. The formation of the Sangha.

Beijing has said about the  attitude of  hesitation  thinking  of  the Buddha  before bringing  dharma  teaching life, On the infinitive,  the truth  has always represented  out  there,  people  because  of ignorance  veils should not find much  leg Reason . Now  the Buddha  has achieved  the truth  so  the truth  is expressed  clearly  alive through  images  of  the Buddha , through  methods revelation of Him:

"France thanks to Buddha that are  open takes  a clever way, France was  a reality , not  limited  by  time , is French but who  practice  will be  effective  quickly as France could lead the way" (Anguttara Nikàya I, the highest A-junction).

The virtue attained  by  the Buddha  , Nirvana, is  described  as  the  absolute ,  ultimate , he is the  Supreme, the Supreme .

"In the whole world,  including the heavens , there is no one like Me, I am  the Prophet  of  all  the realms, I am  the  SupremeTeacher , I am the Perfect Buddha" (Maha Vagga I).

In the above paragraph, the words  of the Prophet ,  the Master  refers to  Wisdom,  virtue , close to  human beings . Buddha  is not the Lord of  the ultimate  full  power  (Parameshvara) or Gods full  authority  the greatest of the gods (Devadhideva) or the gift giver Huye  liberation (Mokshadata). He is the Master, the  guide  (Maggadata). In  that sense  , he came to  human beings , opened  the Sangha Church ,   

Buddha  left the roots of Bodhi, leaving Uruvela, toward the river gange, up the river,  crossed  the river to the right bank,  continue  to go about Baranasi where nearby, at Miggadaya ( Deer Park ) - this is Sarnath - five monks group  venerable Kodanna (Qiao-ceiling-like) are  gathered  after leaving  the Buddha  because he thought  discouraged , unbearable  austerity  has left  the chief director . Here, two months after  enlightenment ,  Buddha  was  turning Falun  first in  the world this. Kodanna and four same convent was the Buddha  preaching  the Dharma ,  the teachings  true ,  supreme  that close people  the most, practical , concrete least for humans . It is the Four Noble Truths , the  life is suffering, the cause  of suffering, the cessation of suffering  and the way  to end suffering . That is the Middle Way , away from all extremes , is the Noble Eightfold Path  - eight paths , eight ways  to practice . paramount that close people the most, practical , concrete least for humans . It is the Four Noble Truths , the life is suffering, the cause of suffering, the cessation of suffering and the way to end suffering . That is the Middle Way , away from all extremes , is the Noble Eightfold Path - eight paths, eight ways to practice . paramount that close  people the most,  practical ,  concrete least for  humans . It is the  Four Noble Truths , the life is suffering, the cause of suffering, the cessation of suffering and the way to end suffering . That is the Middle Way , away from all extremes , is the Noble Eightfold Path - eight paths, eight ways to practice . It is the Four Noble Truths , the life is suffering, the causeof suffering, the cessation of suffering and the way to end suffering . That is the Middle Way , away from all extremes , is the Noble Eightfold Path - eight paths , eight ways to practice . It is the Four Noble Truths ,  the life is suffering,  the causeof suffering, the  cessation of suffering and  the way to end suffering . That is the  Middle Way , away from all  extremes , is the  Noble Eightfold Path -  eight paths , eight  ways to  practice .

This   first sermon ,  this message  of  human salvation  , can be said to have  summarized  the essence of the  doctrine . The Buddha  shaped the content  of training ,  lecture  of  the congregation  later. A very long passage follows in the Mahàvagga, and its importance should be cited: ( translated by  Solange Berbard Thierry, "Le Boudhisme d'apès Les Textes Palis" ).

"And the  Blessed One  once  came to Baranas in the forest of Ispatana, the residence of the five monks, five monks seeing the  Blessed One from afar." When they saw him, they said  to one another , ,  monk  Gotama is to the other, there are people who are living in abundance, who  renounce  ambitions that let her follow her  material . Let's  not take him, do not  stand up to  greet him, do not pick up  his bowl  and outfit for him. We  only serve him a seat if he wants to sit. "

"But  Bhagavan  as  to close  the five monks increasingly difficult to keep the  decision  of them. They came  in front of  Bhagavan . He then grabbed  the bowl  and medical coats of Him, who is preparing the seat for Him Someone brought the water to wash his feet, his feet and his feet so that he could rest his feet.  The Blessed One  sat at the place prepared for him.

"Then the monks greeted the  Blessed One , calling his name and claiming to be his Friend. When they said this, the  Blessed One told them:

- "Monks, do not call  me Tathagata  is gentleman, monks,  Tathagata  is the  Supreme , is the  Buddha's victory, please listen carefully:  the liberation  from death was  found .  Tathagata  taught French for the people. If the people follow the teachings of the  Tathagata  is not how  long the person will  share  is that for which the youth  we  leave  deserted the  door to life wandering , that is the  achievement  supreme  on the noble ambition. Even in this life, the people will know the  truth , You will find truth  in  front of your eyes  . "

"Listen to  the Sun  , the five monks asked him:" Brother, if he did not  reach  the ultimate perfect  , the  fullness  of  Wisdom  is the only point. Hao  achieved , with the ambition,  practice  ascetic  of him, but now people are living in the  matter , is to deny the aspirations of people and are sins according to the riches, how he can claim  to reach What is  the  Ultimate Perfection , the  fullness of  Wisdom  , that only the Perfect Grace? "

"Listen to the five monks said,  the Buddha  said:" monks,  Tathagat  do not live ample; Not denying the ambition and not letting go  of materialism . Monks,  Tathagata  is noble,  Supreme Buddha. Monks, please listen carefully:  liberation  from death has been  found . Tathagata  teaches the Fa to you. If people follow the teachings of the  Tathagata  is not how  long the  person will  share being what it young because of  us  left  deserted the  door to live  life  wandering, that is the achievement supreme  on the noble ambition. Right in this life, you will know the  truth , you will see the  truth  right  before your eyes  .

...

"Then  Bhagavan  said five monks as follows:" Behold the monks, there are two  extremes  that those who  practice  spirituality  to stay away. What are these two  extremes  ? An  extremist  is a life of  pleasure , letting go of  sensual pleasures  and pleasures: it is  inferior , cowardly,  contrary to  wisdom , unworthy,  empty . Monks, the   other extreme is a life of austerity: it is boring, unworthy,  empty . Monks, Tathagata  has separated from these two  extremes  and has discovered  the  middle path ,  the path of light, the mind,  the path  leading to  calm ,  wisdom ,  enlightenment , Nirvana. What are the monks, the  Middle Way that  Tathagata discovered  , brighten the mind, lead to  calm ,  wisdom ,  enlightenment , Nirvana? It is  the Noble Eightfold Path are:  Right ,  Right Thought ,  Right Speech ,  Right Action ,  Right Livelihood , Right Effort ,  Right Mindfulness ,  Right Concentration. Monks, it is the  Middle Way  that  Tathagata discovered  to brighten the mind, leading to  calm ,  wisdom  enlightenment , Nirvana.

This is  suffering : birth is suffering, aging is suffering, illness is suffering, death is suffering, separation of what we like is suffering, meeting what we do not like is suffering, not ours wants is suffering.  in short , the five  aggregates  is suffering.

"This, monks, is  to ultimate : it is the  desire  exists leads to  rebirth , accompanied by  sensual pleasures , craving  sensual pleasure ,  craving , it just  search  around the  sensual , yearning  sensual , the desire to be  present , the desire  of wealth .

"This, monks, is  Killing soles :  quenching  thirst ', due to  destroy completely  the  desire , by eliminating  desires , reject it, get out of it, leaving no room for it.

"This, monks, this is the  sole director : it is the  Eightfold Path  that is  Right ,  Right Thought ,  Right Speech ,  Right Action ,  Right Livelihood ,  Right Effort ,  Right Mindfulness  and  Right Concentration

"This is the  Noble Truth . Like that, the monks, the eyes I have seen the reviews that m ago nobody ever heard of. For me,  wisdom ,  wisdom is , win position,  insight  opened out like that.  Noble Truth  is  need to  understand it.  Noble Truth  is I understand it. like that, the monks, the eyes I have seen the reviews that previously no one had ever heard of. With our , Wisdom ,  wisdom ,  wisdom ,  wisdom  opened up like that.

"This is the  path to ultimate . Like that, the monks, the eyes I have seen the reviews that previously no one had ever heard of. For me,  wisdom ,  wisdom is , win position,  insight  opened out like that.  to ultimate  the  need to  understand it.  Tap soles  this I understand it. like that, the monks, the eyes I have seen the reviews that was previously no one has ever heard of. With I,  intellectual  wisdom ant , win,  wisdom  opened like that.

"This is the  cessation of dukkha . Like that, the monks, the eyes I have seen the reviews that previously no one had ever heard of. For me,  wisdom ,  wisdom is , win position,  insight  opened out like that.  Killing soles  this  need to  understand it.  Kill soles  this, and I understand it. so it is the monks, the eyes I have seen the reviews that previously no one had ever heard of. With I , Wisdom,  wisdom ,  wisdom ,  wisdom  opened up like that.

"This is the  sole director . Like that, the monks, the eyes I have seen the reviews that previously no one had ever heard of. For me,  wisdom ,  wisdom is , win position,  insight  (awareness position) was open like that.  Religion soles  this  need to understand it.  Religion soles this I understand it. like that, the monks, the eyes I have seen the reviews that previously no one had ever heard With me, wisdom , wisdom ,  wisdom ,  wisdomhas opened up like that.

while that of the Four Noble Truths  of this we  realized  was  wisdom is  and  wisdom  truly a  fullness  in three transfer and twelve, so goes the monks, then I know that in this world, in the  heaven realms  Mara  and Brahma , between all living beings  with the hermit , Brahmin, God, Man, I have reached  every Buddhist supremacy . And I know and see that: I am freed forever . This is my last life  . From now on, I will no longer be reborn  . " realms Mara and Brahma , between all living beings with the hermit , Brahmin, God, Man, I have reached every Buddhist supremacy . And I know and see that: I am freed forever . This is my last life . From now on, I will no longer be reborn . " realms Mara and Brahma , between all  living beings with the  hermit , Brahmin, God, Man, I have  reached every Buddhist  supremacy . And I know and see that: I am  freed forever . This is my last life  . From now on, I will no longer be  reborn . " 

"The Buddha taught so and five monks  joy , honoring his teachings."

(*) Note: 3 Transfers are Transfers - shows the  Four Elements; Encouragement  - encourages understanding of  the  Four Noble Truths ; Transfer certificates -  Exalted  himself  body stock compensation (and recommend  practitioners themselves  enlightened  words to ). 12 onions: each move has 4 onions: suffering, practice, kill, direct; With 3 total moves of 12 onions.

Next ,  the Buddha  taught about  impermanence ,  not self . In summary , in the  turning of the wheel  the first of  the Buddha  before five monks group  venerable Kieu-ceiling-like (Kodanna), he  summarizes  all  the teachings  of His word  during  forty-four years of preaching goods (often said to be forty-five years his Dharma), he has  implemented  a  detailed ,  system ,  particularly  the  four ,  Three French publications ,  Cross II predestined ,    

After all  preach  this first,  venerable  Kieu-ceiling-as  attained  a Stream ( fruits of the first of four  Sainthood ) and five monks were pleased  refuge . Four days  in a row  then  the Buddha  taught  the Five Aggregates  and  non-self , all five have  attained  Arhat is the  fruition  paramount  in every  disciple  of the Buddha. That's five  disciples  first  ordained  by Buddha. That  congregation , Sangha  Buddhism first, 

Then, also in the garden Migadaya ( Deer Park ) Buddha preached  the Four Truths  for Yasa (Da-amnesty), a young man, son of a  bourgeois  in Baranasi,  leave home  across the river  Varana (Ba-la-na) to the Buddha's eyes  . Yasa attained Arahantship. Four friends again the  venerable  Yasa, in every  bourgeois of Baranasi is Vimala (Pi-ma-la), Subahu (Tu-her-most), Purnajit (Phu-lan-ca-na) and Gavampati (Old-grandmother Also-go to the  temple to seek  refuge ,  hear the Buddha and are  attained  Arahant. At that time,  the  Buddha's congregation, besides the  Great Enlightenment , included ten more Arahants. These, also in Baranasì, Buddha  the more you add to a few dozen, these people in countries  neighboring , are friends and  relatives  of the  venerable  Yasa, or of the position Arhat has  attained . When the  congregation consisted  of sixty ariyas,  the Buddha  taught the monks:

"This, monks, go, go all over the place for  the benefit  and  happiness  of the majority, so  feel free from  compassion for  life , for  the benefit and  happiness  of God and people. Do not go to two common sugar  together . this, monks, please  preach  the Dhamma  noble at the beginning and noble in the middle, noble in the end in  mind  and in  words . Let's preach perfection  fullness ,  life The  pure life  of  the  noble state . There are those whose minds are only obscured by some dust, but if not  be freed : those who would understand the law ". (Mahavagga I, 11 -  University Is )

Developing mission  Buddhism ,  teaching  at birth,  specifically  the guidelines  established  selling point  Increases were  shown  clearly . The people were  familiar , paid  attention ,  respected  the  disciples of  the Buddha . Certainly the  disciples at the home  of  Buddha  has  become  a force Base. We have seen two  disciples  at home  first of  the Buddha  are the two  merchants  in Uruvela,  

When the monks  of St. author  went all four directions to  goods of  people,  Buddha  back  Uruvela. To the river's edge Niranjara (Ni-venture-boat), he met  Venerable  Uruvela Kassapa ( Pros-term-frequency-speaker Ca-lettuce ) (*) are the five hundred  disciples  cultivate here. After hearing  the Buddha  sermon ,  Venerable  attained  Arhat, immediately  introduce  two children is Nadi Kassapa (Na-subject Ca-lettuce) and Gaya Kassapa (Old-da Ca-lettuce) are  leaders of each position Two hundred and fifty  disciples came  to take refuge in the Buddha. These two and many of the  disciples  attained Arahant.

(*) Note: In the  disciples  of  the Buddha , many of the same name is Ca-lettuce. Three  false religions  Ca-lettuce riverbank inter-Ni-this boat is not  respected author  Dai Ca-lettuce  (Maha Kassapa), but later, after the  Buddha's  passing away , switched  Buddha leadership  Church .

Now is the third year ( Lent  Monday) after the  Buddha  attained enlightenment ,  the Buddha  and the delegation  disciples  crowded His move north toward the Rajagaha ( Rajgir ), capital of Magadha (Ma Stay in a hill near the city.

Buddha  and the  congregation  of He captured the  belief ,  in favor  of people in and out of  Rajgir . King Bimbisara (Bimbisara) marveled: the  recluses  are out there have a lot of  followers , many already are recluses  known  before coming to Him; He called himself Buddha. The king has  admired , just curious kky, was to invite  the Buddha  and monks union  disciple  him into the boys. It turns out that  the Dhamma , the Buddha , is the monk, former  Prince  Siddhattha of Kapilavatthu, is the asceticism  that the king was  once  an audience  at Mount Grudhakuta (Vulture) and promised to  return  the king after  evangelism . Now the king again to see  the Buddha ,  heard the  French, was asked about the full range of  knowledge . The king admired, glass grave  Buddha , welcome  refuge  and make offerings Veluvana Forest ( Bamboo Forest ) in which the king to build fully  equipped for use as  his residence , including  lecture halls , rooms, supplies enough for  the Buddha  and the  congregation  to a thousand of his people. This is the first residence, opening a new phase, a beginning of the residence with  character  settled, different  lifestyles  wandering recluse of the union at the time.

To May Vesakha (around May 4-5  lunar ) month during the rainy season, as well as delegations  monk  wandering  for alms  at the time, stop  living begging  for shelter for all seasons,  the Buddha  and the delegation Pi -kheo  settling in Veluvana where king Bimbisara was fully prepared  convenience .

Two months after  Lent  , the people one day  begging  in the Rajagaha ( Rajgir ),  venerable  Assaji (ace-pedestal or  Ma Win ) met  Venerable  Sariputta (Xa-profit-waving). Assaji reasonable theory given to Sariputta on  Origination  and instant that Sariputta  attained  Tu-momentum-completion ( expected to save ). Sariputta instant  return to  describe  the work for  you body  is Mogallana (Section-devout-venture). Both funds are  bourgeois , every good student  smoothly  through the famous teacher, make disciples  of  Taoist  Sajaya and before losing Sanjaya informed two  disciples  his large know that they will be  disciples  big of a Buddha. Now both of them have enlightened the  Buddha Dharma , immediately brought his two hundred and fifty  disciples  to  the refuge of the Buddha  and  joined the  Sangha . Both  monks  are attaining Arahants after a few  weeks . These are the two  intellectuals ,  prominent  advocates ,  reputed  to be the most prominent in the row of Arahant  disciples of the  Buddha.   

In  Lent  (VASSA)  but  thousands of monks  together  live at Veluvana is a  characteristic  difference with the other recluses union at that time. Perhaps due to the coexistence between the monks during  Lent  this, some  rules  have  nature gentle  form of  "What to do, what not to do" might have been  the Buddha  yet. And after two  venerable  Sariputta and Mogallana with two hundred and fifty  followers  in  congregation  , then  Buddhism has indeed grown, 

The Buddha  and  his  congregation have been  famous  throughout the faraway kingdoms. King Suddhodana ( Suddhodana ) Kapilavatthu origin  or believe  their children have  become  enlightened  leaders of  thousands of monks are  spread out  everywhere to  spread the  religion , so many as  the Holy Family , are  all glass tomb. The king sent a delegation of thousands to Magadha requesting  theBuddha to  return to  his hometown. A thousand people meet the Buddha,  heard the dharma , many attained  holy fruit , All of them joined  the Congregation . The king sent another delegation of a thousand to  petition the  Buddha; This time, like the last time, many of the  Noble  Truths  and all  become monks, by the Buddha. In the end , the king dispatched Kahayyayi, the son of a deity and was  a close friend  of  Prince  Siddhattha from childhood, to  the request of  the Buddha . It was Kai Hei who  heard the Dhamma , received the gift of Arhat,  became amonk, a  disciple of the  Buddha. But this time  the Buddha  decided to go  with his monks to the north, across the river Gange,

At Kapilavatthu, from King Suddhodana to the court, after hearing  the Buddha preached , are pleased  refuge , making  disciples  in part  of the Buddha. King obtained the  refuge , making  disciples  in part  of the Buddha. King  attained  Tu-momentum-functions ( Reload , St. results Monday),  portable form  of  the Buddha , Maha Pajapati, prime Tu-momentum-completion ( expected to save ). In particular  , the Buddha's younger brother is Nanda, his son Rahula, the  princes of Bhaddiyà, Anuruddha, Ananda, (A-nan), Bhaga (Ba-da), Kimbila (Birth-Ms-la),   

Buddha  and union monks  disciples  leave Kapilavatthu to  return to  settle  the rainy season in Rajagaha, Magadha, but  never  go how far, one the great  bourgeois  all treasury is Anatthapindika ( Anathapindika )  request  The Buddha and  the  congregation came to Sàvatthi (Kosala) of Kosala to  settle  in the garden of Jetavana and prepared fully. Originally, Anathapindika had had the opportunity to meet  the Buddha  at Ràjagaha, prayed to Buddha to Sàvatthi to  offer  a  peaceful season  and was promised by the Buddha. 

504 years BC, ie the fifth year after the Buddha  attained enlightenment , King Suddhodana ( Suddhodana ) dying, dying. The Buddha  left  Sàvatthi to  return toKapilavatthu to meet his father. Bedside,  the Buddha  had  preached  , and the King  attained  Arhat before  departure ceiling .

On this occasion, she Mahapajapati (Ma-ha-ba-bar-ba-threads),  portable form  of Buddha,  begged  to be  left home ,  joined the  Congregation ,  founded  Group monks and nuns,  the Buddha  explicitly  rejected . She has self-shaved head, wearing  robes , under the  feet of Buddha  from Kapilavatthu to the Vaisali (waste-amnesty-ly). In the end , as  Phra Ananda  begged  ,  the  new  Buddhaapproved   of her request and quoted " the Buddha ". content to enhance the nature  greatness of  the Sangha in guiding  the education  of nuns that  lifelong one monks and nuns must  respect . So from here, the delegation monks and nuns (Bikkhuni Sangha) by Mahapajapati  leadership  and  education  with the support of C1C monks, maneuver organize and train skillful Mahapajapati, nuns grow fast pallet. Many monks and nuns  attained  Arhat, many highly  reputed  for  the masses  People , with the court. We can  find  the  cases  attained , the verse wonder of many monks and nuns in the Therigatha ( Theri ). Examples are  the cases  of the   Vimāla elders , Ambapalì, Kìagotamì, Khema, Dhammadinnà, Patacàre, etc.

It should be  noted  that there are many  opinions  of jurists,  scholars later on the  Buddha  has  shown  the attitude  difficult  stern  when  approved  with nuns in  the Congregation . Many books of Madhyamàgana, Anguttara, Gotamìsutta, many Vagga (Law) recorded the Buddha 's words   as follows:

"Ananda, if the nuns are not admitted to the  Congregation for  the  Holy religion  may last long, probably a thousand years. But because of nuns have been admitted to  Noble will not long;  the Dharma  will  survive  Just five hundred years ".

No matter how  the explanation ,  discussion  is not enough to put forward  comments  on the  attitude and teachings of  the Buddha . Objectively,  the problem  must be considered at the precise level   of copying the Sutra, at  the social point of view  , in  the context of the  self,  family and  society  of the  woman , in  the sense of  the latter. teaching as a hedge,  the Catholic  education Center  Management etc .. Furthermore the number of five hundred or a thousand years mentioned above can only  mean  suppose ,  symbolic , let alone around the time  he compared to  after life  reincarnation  suffering  of  people  make such  substantial  spending! Again, the Samyutta II ( Syn.  II, Ajournal)   further explains :

"Chief  Justice is not  lost when the  Statue of Justice  has not  appeared , and the  Statue of Justice  appears  , the  Dharma  just lost.  The reason  there is  statue law  is due to  the Church  lacks  respect for  the Buddha, Dharma and Sangha, the lack  of practice of mind , meditation".

So,   if the Dharma dies, can be attributed to the presence of the nuns in the Church?

In the sixth year, after the  Buddha  's enlightenment ,  the precepts  for the monks were formed more clearly. Venerable  Upali,  ordained people  once  Buddha returned Kapilavatthu two years ago, is the  Presbyterian  exemplary  in  virtue , gifted analysis,  discernment  about  the rules , was  Buddha  mindful teach  the  precepts . To the tenth year (probably the thirteenth year, according to some  documents ),  the law Tibet  has  completed  including  three parts (Vagga): Patimokkha (Balaam problem-carpentry-rub) Maha Vagga ( University product ) and Culla Vagga ( Primary Products ). The Vinaya is  also  modifying ,  adding  - usually more - in the years  that followed , even after the  Buddha's  passing away and then for centuries.

* * *

Precepts  increasingly rising due to the  obstruction  constraints encountered in the process of forming Sangha, living among the monks,  in contact  with  the life of the  congregation . From the tenth year after the  Buddha  's enlightenment , the number of monks and nuns in  the Congregation  has reached five, seven thousand, divided into many Sangha groups in many localities. From there, we can think of  Buddhist  followers  in the millions at the time, compared to the  total population of the kingdom of  India  then, from latitude 23 and above only less than ten million at that time.

Thus,  Congregation  Buddhist  and  mass  Buddhists  obviously  has grown into the most compared to other  religions  other time. It can be said that  the  greatest  religion of the time  was the Brahminical religion, which had long existed and still had  a  strong influence on all other  religions  to the  majority of  the population, The spear, formed before the  Buddha , developed in the Buddha and later the Buddha. Finally  is  Buddhism  rising, equivalent to Jain and have tended more dominating.

Above is a sketch of the formation of monks. On the whole, the Buddha, the Dharma, the Sangha is one, so Sangha formation is inevitable. But Sangha is born in the realm of life,  living  in  the context  of  the conditioned dharmas , so it must be difficult, requiring ingenuity in organization and  living ... these  issues are to  achieve  two  Goal :

1. Sangha must  go to  all members to attain  holy fruit ,  liberation.

2. Sangha to  preserve  and  spread the  dharma  to  save , make  people  towards  the  ending  suffering,  deliverance .

Thus, the  activities  of the Sangha had  personality  individuals , both  personalities  society . Both factors on the infinitive does not  contradict  each other, but the  implementation  to  achieve  both is not easy.END=NAM MO CAKYA MOUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY=THICH CHAN TANH.THE MIND OF ENLIGHTENMENT.VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=GOLDEN LOTUS MONASTERY=AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.17/4/2017.