Chapter five
The activity of Sangha
The monks always in mind that you have to practice to liberate and help beings liberate or say otherwise is free and the forgiven . People often look at the form shown deeds which assign to the form shown that the nature of Mahayana and Theravada . It is easy for anyone to say that it is difficult to be self-sufficient, as well as to teach people the right words. Despite interest from bi, monks want the others, then he must achieve some success on the road practice was. An arahant, the supreme fruit of the Sacred Fruit, is often described as a indifferent , a "dry tree," without any attachment , apparently separated from the daily life. The truth is not, the above description is only on the meaning of phenomena applied to the case of a "shake off debt ceiling". But, having no debt does not mean that there is nothing left to do; And even if you're in debt, paying your debt does not mean you do not share it with the bad guys. Meaningfulness ,
With as a member of the Sangha, monks outside efforts to practice self- rescue , also have an obligation to build , promote liberation of the Sangha, making Sangha identical with Buddha And France, making full sense of the Three Jewels that he put his life in that rely on. If the Triple Jewel is the true nature of reality , the Three Jewels are the inherent of all sentient beings . There beings by remaining ignorant , not shown are the Three Jewels , the monks to help sentient beings shown to be, and thought the same, it's just the operational nature of the performance countless of Jewels only. In summary living a monks are practicing , learning , helping the initiate to improve together and help all beings move in Buddhism . it's just the operational nature of the performancecountless of Jewels only. In summary living a monks are practicing , learning , helping the initiate to improve together and help all beings move in Buddhism . it's just the operational nature of the performance countless of Jewels only. In summary living a monks are practicing , learning , helping the initiate to improve together and help all beings move in Buddhism .
Activities of Sangha is described scattered in Beijing, especially in Vinaya , in the Maha Vagga and Culla Vagga in About duties monks (Patimokkha) and in the talk about the Sangha up-ma (Sanghakamma ) ... Within the gauge limits of this book, we only introduce an overview of the organization and activities of the Sangha of the Buddha , ignore these details cumbersome or suspected to be repurposed into After the Buddha's passing away .
* * *
Sangha monks were soon separated from the life of wandering troupes recluse that time to gradually come to life settled on the form for each group, the number is not uniform , but also more monks permission Buddha is drawn into the deep forest to solitude , and the Buddha accepted , many are seeking to go far to propagate the cultural Buddha Justice were the selling point increase, many live practice around the Buddha to convenient retreat under the requirements of themselves , many live with pants in the Vihara in many localities scattered throughout countries in North India ... When the rule was a system of living of the monks in the group where according to local More Eachother, but the whole is still the same, in accordance with the spirit of precepts .In accordance with the spirit of precepts .In accordance with the spirit of precepts .
1. Schedule each day
Morning, after meditation , the form of walking personality collectively and meditation , the monks went begging as well as the Buddha also went begging. The're single, except for some University Presbyterian or Buddha usuallyattendant to follow (by almost Buddha is often the Venerable Ananda, when the Venerable Rahula, or a venerable other). You go all the way, in order of home, regardless of the rich, the poor, Go to the poor to receive the food offerings of the homeowners . Almost done, they returned to their homeland or to somewhere to rest and lunch was the only meal of the day. After the meal , they gather things, sit and think for a moment and then go to a desolate place like an empty house, a large tree ... to sit in the lotus, practice meditation .
Unless the case with the landlord invited and works of Bach with the Sangha, the law shall not allow the monks to the village too early or too late, so the monks used the time before and after begging for Visit somewhere to teach . Beijing since many cases Buddha noticed too early for the alms , he often had to lecture in that the wanderer pagan , or in the above Vietnam , benefactors. Central Business 88 including the Venerable Ananda went for alms in Savatthi, when returning met King Pasenadi (Persian-anonymously) Kosala elephant out of the city, venerable preached to the king personally , speech and mind Onions. Central Beijing , 98 including the venerable Sariputta after begging in the Rajagaha ( Rajgir ) to preach to Brahmin Dhananjari about illegal , rude ... The venerable preached to the king personally , speech and mind. Central Beijing, 98 including the venerable Sariputta after begging in the Rajagaha ( Rajgir ) to preach to Brahmin Dhananjari about illegal , rude ... The venerable preached to the king personally , speech and mind. Central Beijing , 98 including the venerable Sariputta after begging in the Rajagaha ( Rajgir ) to preach to Brahmin Dhananjari about illegal , rude ...
Almost late afternoon, they return to their homeland to listen to the Buddha , or the elders , to preach . At times when teaching, the Buddha felt tired, immediately give the elders . Venerable Ananda (Ananda) teaching as cheerful, excited people hear the Buddha praise ( Central , 134); The venerable Sariputta faculty of defilements , about the knowledge ( Central I), the attitude, the behavior of the monks for the initiate,
After France, the monks often talk to each other about the teachings , the experience of practice . You learn each other, get to know each other; There is something difficult with the Buddha , or the elders to be escorted . Jataka(Jakarta Nikaya) to about five hundred stories about the predecessor of the Buddha , is the Buddha recalled to teach the monks, often press the monks practice in French Street to discuss an issue Something, something ... And the Buddha came, Hear and speak. Central , 43, told the venerable Sariputta spoke to venerable Maha Kotthita (Great Question-thi-na) on Special Property (duppannara), intellect , consciousness, sensation , consciousness pure , triangle property . Central Beijing , 13, told the monks to discuss together about Buddhism , finally had to ask Venerable Maha Kaccayana (Oscar-fried-performing) explained for clarification ... including the venerable Sariputta spoke to venerable Maha Kotthita (Great Question-thi-na) on Special Property (duppannara), intellect , consciousness, sensation , consciousness pure , triangle property . In the middle of the Sutra , 13 told the monks to discuss the Dharmatogether , finally having to ask Phra Maha Kaccayana (Great Ca-chien-dien) to explain clearly ... including the venerable Sariputta spoke to venerable Maha Kotthita (Great Question-thi-na) on Special Property (duppannara), intellect , consciousness, sensation , consciousness pure , triangle property . In the middle of the Sutra , 13 told the monks to discuss the Dharma together , finally having to ask Phra Maha Kaccayana (Great Ca-chien-dien) to explain clearly ... Tam ther . Central Beijing , 13, told the monks to discuss together about Buddhism , finally had to ask Venerable Maha Kaccayana (Oscar-fried-performing) explained for clarification ... Tam ther . In the middle of the Sutra , 13 told the monks to discuss the Dharma together , finally having to ask PhraMaha Kaccayana (Great Ca-chien-dien) to explain clearly ...
Abode of monks monks often is where to consultation of kings, princes , Brahmin, wanderer, the credit men and women ... Beijing burn a lot cases heathen be attained After coming to consult the Buddha , many of the candidates to join the Sangha , many lay enlightened ...
In the evening, alternating each farm, the monks sleep and then wake up meditation and take a walk ( Business Executive ). Actually, they only slept about four or five hours for twenty-four hours a day.
The gathered so has occupied almost all the time in a day of monks. Learning Content practice include Gender - Dinh - Tue ( psychoanalysis ), will be discussed in the next section. Here, we look at some of the activities , prominent organizations , specify the nuance of the Sangha such as Smam, Biatticism, Resident , Self , etc.
2. Sangha Kamma
Sangam is a formal , colorful organization of Buddhism in the Sangha. Purpose and cause formation of institutions and procedures can be recognized easily when we consider the form and content of the implementation of it.
Recounted that after robbing the throne of his father Bimbisàra, Magadha's Ajatasattu king declared war on Vajji. The king sent the deity Vassakra ( Vu Xa ) to consult the Buddha about the power of Vajji to see whether the army can capture the country or not. Of course, the Buddha never wanted war, so he skillfully asked Ananda to question every point that he had made, which would determine the flourishing of the country . According to the reply of the Venerable Ananda, which served Origin has met seven points prove this country very firmly. Vassakara hearing about with the king Ajatasattu abolished the march. Seven points or seven conditions make a country strong, but after that the Buddha was raised for the monks:
- Regular gatherings , gathering sufficient to discuss the Dharma .
- Convene in the spirit of harmony and dissolve in the spirit ofharmony and work in the spirit of solidarity.
- Do not repeal the laws old, not enact laws new, according to the study presented was issued .
- Respect , serving the monks elders , obey the words taught by him.
- Not attracted by craving .
- Make your home is always a place of leisure.
- Live to stay on Mindfulness , create peace for fellow practitioners.
The details above are indicated in Digha Beijing , Beijing Mahaprajna Nirvana, clearly stressed in characteristic harmony and purity of the Sangha. Ministry of Gender obligation monks was formed to meet the requirements above, but the procedures for organizing the implementation according to the contents of the monastic rule even extremely necessary , that is why forming Sangha Bill Rom so. The reason this is even proved necessary urgent than the other through a Beijing school A-levels mentioned: Kinh Chu-na said that when the cardinal of sect States-na (Jainism) is Niganthan Nataputta died , the disciples of the cult of this dispute together violently . He believed, Venerable Ananda terrifying fear, ask the Buddha taught the methods leading to the harmony of them monks. Economic We set has it that hear believe him, venerable Sariputta has gathered the monks, recalling the controversy about the doctrine after the Buddha entered Nirvana. the followers of the sect this dispute together violently . He believed, Venerable Ananda terrifying fear, ask the Buddha taught the methods leading to the harmony of them monks. Economic We set has it that hearbelieve him, venerable Sariputta has gathered the monks, recalling the controversy about the doctrine after the Buddha entered Nirvana. the followers of the sect this dispute together violently . He believed, Venerable Ananda terrifying fear, ask the Buddha taught the methods leading to the harmony of them monks. Economic We set has it that hear believe him, venerable Sariputta has gathered the monks, recalling the controversy about the doctrine after the Buddha entered Nirvana. Requesting the Buddha to teach the Dharma brings harmony in our monks. Economic We set has it that hear believe him, venerableSariputta has gathered the monks, recalling the controversy about the doctrineafter the Buddha entered Nirvana. Requesting the Buddha to teach the Dharma brings harmony in our monks. Economic We set has it that hear believe him, venerable Sariputta has gathered the monks, recalling the controversy about the doctrine after the Buddha entered Nirvana.
Things like that have proved that the Sangha has grown, particularly as the quantity, must have the legal rules, institutions , procedures for operatingactivities in close, apparently to maintain the homogeneous Harmony between the monks. Ie Sangha Bill Rom must perform in the living communities large and small of the Sangha in each residence and localities across the province in North India at that time.
Sangha Bill Rom (Sanghakamma) is a compound word of the Sangha (Sangha) and Bill Rom (Kamma), or increased Sangha, Sangha, generally only for the disciples ordained by the Buddha . Sangha also be understood as a unit composed of monks living in the diamond world (SIMA), Kamma or Bill Rom, which means actions or all the actions, or behavior with the intention . Listed Rom also be understood as now, that action has consciously led to a result that the agent acts bear responsibility . This action can be either personal ( career ) or corporate (corporate). Sangha here in the sense of a community monks, living in a world outline, so Bill Rom that wins on a collective. Since then Sangha Bill Rom, often called Bill Rom, is understood as the recommendations, decisions , resolve incidents in a community monks. In meaning with personality constitutional, Sangha Bill Rom is an act of collective monks are performed in conformity with the principles set out the forms , procedures . So Yemen means collective victory . Since then Sangha Bill Rom, often called Bill Rom, is understood as the recommendations, decisions , resolve incidents in a communitymonks. In meaning with personality constitutional, Sangha Bill Rom is an act of collective monks are performed in conformity with the principles set out the forms , procedures . So Yemen means collective victory . Since then Sangha Bill Rom, often called Bill Rom, is understood as the recommendations, decisions , resolveincidents in a community monks. In meaning with personality constitutional, Sangha Bill Rom is an act of collective monks are performed in conformity with the principles set out the forms , procedures .
Again, Bill Rom of significance is now connected to three sub prime body, speech and mind: an act of karma is to have the intention that by saying, there by yourself perform , present chief Mindfulness , right speech , right livelihood , and then practice the other parts of the Noble Eightfold Path . In addition to guiding the activities of practice right as France , monks Bill Rom manifest actions of a collective. Actions of the individual , the individual; the volition of the individual , it is difficult to understand now is the consensus of the group, only the words were said before exercise, only speech is speech before exercise, is a collective statement ; Decide whether or not verbal consent will be taken to be collective action, worthy of action . Words here is what the prospectus before exercise, a representative asked is common and speaking up is common. That is the form of advancement of monks. Like life living communities monks, everything belonging to individuals have concerning collective (and this almost permanent ) and under the collective need to get the prospectus before Sangha to vote , ie Must work with Melameth. A lot of cases to implement Bill Rom: the ordained , set as gender, organizational theory of gender , the summer retreat , slowly , feeling y new, sharing utensils, etc .. Books Bill Rom Directory distinguish 131 cases Regular Rom. To proceed with the process , the Sangha must meet the minimum quota, as appropriate :
- Sangha four to work all measures except for cases where Bill Rom Bhikkhu ordination (Upasampada), made guilty Boost disabled (Abhana: impeach a monks) and suicide (Paravana: Day ends Sedentary season increase they comment each other).- Sangha of five to work all measures except for cases where Bill Rom Bhikkhu ordination, made guilty increase the frequency at the residence in urban areas (AVASA), the Sangha of five also permitted to perform listed Rom Bhikkhu ordination.- Sangha is composed of ten persons to work all the Dharma except the case of the Sangha .- Sangha is composed of twenty persons to handle all dharmas.
When Notre Dame was executed with a full surrender, it was called Gotama. A representative Tang will present the work, ie the prospectus (Natti) and then ask opinions of the Sangha, also known as Bill Rom (Anussavana). Depending on the more or less important, the representative Tang, after the white matter, will seek opinions Sangha one or more times, there are three kinds of French Increase Bill Rom:
- Natti Kamma: once the effect is enough, no need for comments .- White II (Natti Dutiya Kamma): once the prospectus and a time of application is the vote .- Bach Quartet (Natti Catuttha kamma): once the prospectus and ask three times is the vote .
The only distinguishing feature in the 131 magi ( incident, case ) are fourteen simple white, seventy eight white, and thirty nine white.
After the representative asks Sangha to vote in the form of a question with a request for a favorable or unfavorable answer : who is silent is approval , who does not approve , say. The work is accomplished if all the monks present were agreed upon; If there is a negative opinion then the problem is considered unsuccessful. It is important to keep in mind that the Sangha does not refer to persons related to the matter (ie, monks are requesting something , or are being sinned).
Roughly , a Bill Rom is considered the achievements need to put four conditions :
- Enrollment is assigned to each of the categories.- The school is clearly defined , in accordance with the law.- The forms of smith are made correctly (single, white or white) depending on the type of Phantom.- All members present will agree , own the same abode in which absent because reason justifiable to have someone represent report and apology to follow decisions of the Sangha.
Organization and implementation Increase in Regular-ma-is to make a strong Sangha. The first part of this chapter we mentioned mental institution Sangha same as crystal god held a nation when it comes to the Buddha asked Venerable Ananda which served to his country. Certainly the spirit that Buddha wanted to put in Sangha have concerning mental organizations living under the form of political time. In the time of the Buddha, in addition to some countries have advanced to the monarchy as Magadha, Kasala ... still many lands under the institutionalized political council Tribe (Tribal Councils) of many tribal fame : Sakyas, Mallas, Licchavis, Vajjis ... But no longer find the document , the constitution of the can institutional politics on to the base, but through the work outlined in Mahaparinibbana Sutta (Great PARINIRVANA), courtiers Vassakara believe it is the country which served very strong over the question of the Buddha and the reply of the Venerable Ananda , Demonstrating that the spirit of political organization that the Buddha mentioned was very popular at the time. There are things, there Sangha, meaning the normally understood to have transformed travel and prominent on the nature harmony purity . Form ofprocedure seems seems cumbersome , captious , shaped as not suitable for a doctrine non-self ; but standing on the organization, the procedure is extremely necessary to guide the practice ,
In a community in harmony purity as law , the law of the Buddha regime, every trend deviations and the ego does not have a chance to develop, and they are easy to detect. For an individual , to a time that will be harmonized, consistent with the precepts , will feel no little constraint , even every organization, procedures , rules against itself will fade away When that individual is on the edge of Enlightenment .
3. Uposatha
Bodhisattva or father-sa-tha is understood that the ceremony be held regularly twice a month, thereby, the monks gathered again to listen to the monastic rule and self -examination has violated what That repentance , the bar itself.
Before Buddhism appeared in India , the Vedas set two period of worship for homeowners : Black renovation (Darsa - new moon) and Bach renovation (Pourramasa - full moon). Before Day sacrifices (Soma) homeowners have pure son, abstaining from keeping themselves pure , such as fasting, break labor, sexual abstinence, separate living room with a fire burning all night church ... Date This is called Vrata (vrata, Sanskrit, ie preparation, preparation, initiation). Vrata is also known as Upavasatha (Pàli: Uposatha) - Hosala-based "Upa" meaning "near", close to the holy life , "Vas" is living. Upavasatha (uposatha) became the date for believers Brahmin, and the significance of the day became popular throughout the denomination mendicant is not a Brahmin orthodoxy . Nigantha read Posadha and Pali read Uposatha. The Desana explains that Posadha is the meaning of the verb "Pus" meaning "to grow" and the verb "Dha" means "to set", "to maintain"; Since then, Han translated as "Net Head", that is to raise the bar . and the significance of the day became popular throughout the denominationmendicant is not a Brahmin orthodoxy . Nigantha read Posadha and Pali read Uposatha. The Desana explains that Posadha is the meaning of the verb "Pus" meaning "to grow" and the verb "Dha" means "to set", "to maintain"; Since then, Han translated as "Net Head", that is to raise the bar . and the significance of the day became popular throughout the denomination mendicant is not a Brahmin orthodoxy . Nigantha read Posadha and Pali read Uposatha. The Desana explains that Posadha is the meaning of the verb "Pus" meaning "to grow" and the verb "Dha" means "to put", "to maintain"; Since then, Han translated as "Net Head", that is to raise the bar . Nigantha read Posadha and Pali read Uposatha. The Desana explains that Posadha is the meaning of the verb "Pus" meaning "to grow" and the verb "Dha" means "to set", "to maintain"; Since then, Han translated as "Net Head", that is to raise the bar . Nigantha read Posadha and Pali read Uposatha. The Desana explains that Posadha is the meaning of the verb "Pus" meaning "to grow" and the verb "Dha" means "to put", "to maintain"; Since then, Han translated as "Net Head", that is to raise the bar .
Chapter uposatha of Mahavagga II said that King Bimbisara (Bimbisara) of Magadha (Ma-out-momentum), the disciples at the home of the Buddha found that the congregation is not Buddhism They often gather at public holidays and lecture the people, very popular, admired by the people. The king thought to himself: "The gurus (the monks) are together on the fourteenth, fifteenth, or eighteenth of each month!" The King went to the Buddha and expressed his wish. The Buddha approved and allowed the monks to meet in the days. But, by level of meditation sublime of the monks, disciples Buddha, almost time gatherings of you is the silence and meditation . This incident later caused King Ajatasattu to say that on a full moon night, a thousand two hundred and fifty monks, there was the presence of the Buddha , as a group sat quietly : "No one sound , no sneezes or coughs! Udajibha son shall bear a collective silence like this! " ( School of the Sutra II). Most of the time your meeting is silence and meditation . This incident later caused King Ajatasattu to say that on a full moon night, a thousand two hundred and fifty monks, there was the presence of the Buddha , as a group sat quietly : "No one sound , no sneezes or coughs! Udajibha son shall bear a collective silence like this! " ( School of the Sutra II). Most of the time your meeting is silence and meditation . This incident later caused King Ajatasattu to say that on a full moon night, a thousand two hundred and fifty monks, there was the presence of the Buddha , as a group sat quietly : "No one sound , no sneezes or coughs! Udajibha son shall bear a collective silence like this! " ( School of the Sutra II). There is the presence of the Buddha , a whole group sitting quietly : "No sound , no sneeze or coughing! Udajibha, my son tolerates such a quiet group!" ( School of the Sutra II). There is the presence of the Buddha , a whole group sitting quietly : "No sound , no sneeze or coughing! Udajibha, my son tolerates such a quiet group!" ( School of the Sutra II).
Bodhisattva day is done like aviation do to please many homeowners often traveled, monitor the preaching of the congregation to learn , study the teachings of the masters. Perhaps due to requirements such objective and perhaps because many cases violate morality , the monks should maintain liferules more closely, so the Buddha taught: "Behold the monks, I allow the he was presented with an obligation Balaam problem-carpentry-rub (Patimokka). "
Multiple document sure before the Hypotheses Balaam problem-carpentry-massage is considered mostly a day uposatha, the monks also came together, recalling the teachings of Buddha , recounts the His birth, read the verses , the Buddha's teachings should do, should not do ... Later, when the precepts are quite complete, the day Uposatha for the monks are pure days , theory of gender.
In order to prepare the slap, let go, some work needs to be done : (*)
1. Clean up the ceremony.2. Light the lantern.3. Cover the carpet.4. Prepare water for drinking and washing.(Four part this may be due to your resident artist landlord of Vihara done , or by one or more monks mastered the implementation ).5. Effect transparency of sending sexual, pure theory of monks absent with reason plausible (ie sending monks monks convey absent please be excused).6. The transparency of the purity of the monks absent (ie, the monks were sent to call that monks absent without breaking the precepts ).7. Season, the season: usually three seasons: winter , summer and rainy season. Each period has six or eight bát-slaps ...8. Count the monks present .9. Buddhist monks nuns: Nuns to send people to the Sangha to teach , if convenient , Sangha send people to life ...(*) Note: According to Nanamoli Thera, The Pātimokkha (English translation by Pàli), The Social Science Association Press of thailand, Bangkok 1966.
Bodhisattva ceremony is considered done according to the rules if:
- A quorum increase of four or more.- The sitting position spaced an arm.- All monks staying in the same world must gather , if any is absent, must be sex and preaching.- All monks present must be completely pure , no one violates the precepts .
The Culla Vagga IX says that once in Sàvatthi before the Sangha , Phra Ananda invites the Buddha to preach the world but the Buddha is silent . After the third plea of Venerable Ananda, the Buddha taught: "Hey, Ananda, the assembly is not completely pure." Elder Moggalàna (Section-conjugate) perform miracle ; observed throughout the congregation and saw one the other monks who degenerate, transgression happy, full of lust ... Elders have spokento invite those who are not pure , then off -line basis , invite up to three times, but other monks did not move. In the end , the Elder must pull him out. Then the new syndrome is considered to be completely pure .
Buddha says: 'In addition, the monks, like the ocean does not accommodate a corpse , a dead body. Every corpse , a dead body can be thrown into the ocean, the corpse , a dead body was the same fast Also , the monks, whoever the rotten loss, greed ... ( non-virtuous ), the monk will not live with him, let's be pushed to the shore. quickly gathered again, was a kind man, and no matter who he may sit among the Sangha , who was also away from the Sangha and Sangha away from who he ... Anguttara III and the A-levels, 37 have mentioned the word Buddha taught: "Behold the monks, can not and do not have things that Tathagata conducted Bodhisattva and Read About duties in a Conference stock not entirely pure."
Therefore, to take any Bodhisattva, in the earlier days, the monks must repent (Parisuddhi) all his mistake to be able to declare that her chastity , deserve to be heard Read About responsibility .
Once prepared and properly Assembly conditional on, Bodhisattva ceremony was conducted. In the early years, the bodhisattva was made very simple but later on, the more complicated the form. We quote the following in the Venerable Master's Essay . Thich Tri Thuat , Vietnam Buddhist High School published in 1991, in which some details may be slightly different with other materials , but in general the materials are not much different; thereby,
"... Venerable legal affairs Bill Rom Hypotheses asked:- Have the meetings met?"Duy na replied:- Sang has met.- Harmony ?- Harmony .- He has not ordained Specifically excluded out yet?- Kick out. - The monks do not come to educate and preach not?...."The monk asked again:- What is this meeting up for?- Latter- sex theory ....."White Mantle:- Venerable Sangha, please listen: Today is the day ... month ... day Bodhisattva, we Increase Hypotheses . If the time is right for the Sangha, the Sangha agrees to reconcile the precepts . This is the word effect .Why do not you need , can not wait to grow old! What happy wishes ? Today is over, life is reduced as fish deprived, no fun!" Virtues , I will say Balaclava-carpentry, the Virtues to listen, inscribed carefully. If you know yourself to commit, should express and repent , silent . Because of the silence that I know the Venerable purity . As a person who asked what they had to the fact that meeting. Likewise, monks do in them were three phen questions, remember I have committed no reveal , monks sinnedprospects language . the Buddha taught that the problem the prospect language is direct legal obstacles. monks remembered how guilty you seek pure , have discovered giant , revealed the peace ." Virtues , I finished the title, now ask the virtues in here are pure ? (Three times) The virtue in this pure , silent, I note so.
Following the reading section About duties Balaam problem-wood-rubbed, 150 measures, including seven types (will table at the World School ). After each type of law, the Venerable said three times: "I have finished reading ... French ... Now ask the virtues in here are pure ? ... The virtue in this pure , for silent (ie, no one revealed the violation of her). I recognize that. "
The form of procedures performed a period of Bodhisattva and content theory presented Balaam problem-wood-rubbed right in the Buddha also change depending on local circumstances , while the Ministry Mahavagga marked The year of Ba-la-hum-lotus theories is as follows:
1. Partial theory only, the rest theory that: "As the rise often hear."2. Partial Precepts and Four Noble Truths (Pàràjika), the remainder of the theory that "As the Sangha often hear."3. The theory section, four bola-di, thirteen Sanghadi-sesa, the rest of the theory that: "As often heard."4. Notes to the preamble, four legal cell Balaam, thirteen legal Sangha-she-examination-sa, and two legal uncertainty (Anyata).5. Notes to the whole world responsibility Balaam problem-wood-rubbed. Hypotheses in four ways are presentations brief and can only be done when the Sangha in residence are the dangerous threat : 1) by the government, 2) due to theft, 3) due to fire, 4) Due to floods, 5) by humans, 6) by inhabited species , 7) by mammals, 8) by serpents, 9) by other dangers threatening lives (such as collapsed houses ...) 10) due to the danger of the life of the monk outside the previous reasons .
When there are not four monks, but only three, two or one, they are still prepared for the bodhisattva day, and waiting to see if any monks come to give enough sufficiency of the ceremony or not (During the Buddha large monks with no residence given , only to gather in one place to apply for a ceremony). If no one came, then will perform rival theory presented (Parisuddhi-uposatha) in case there are only two or three, by each one directed at the other position which claims that its purity ; Or perform the mind-set theory (Adhittha uposatha) in the case of only one taste,
Day Bodhisattva, according to the ways of the Buddha prepared, obviously is to un casting life practicing chastity of monks, build solidarity purity in community Sangha, showing clearly the nature background The foundation of Gender in the Three Precepts.
4. An apartment (Vassavasa)
In Part III of this book handed over to the retreat (VASSA - vasa) of the monks disciples Buddha . Ancestry was a common practice of Rain-Retreat, but especially in Buddhism , the monks live together in groups of five, seven, a few or a few hundred. You ... in the Âvàsa or Ârma.
Lent of Buddhism have significant highlight is the time for the monks live in harmony pure fun, ups carried convent school as school assignments, discuss the teachings and practice of meditation . In addition the time to go begging , is considered to practice cultivation , the monks not arbitrarily out of the diamond world , if not with grace the special is the case of reckoning before Sangha by implementing Increase -Game-ma. The holiday season is also a time for lay Buddhists to have the opportunity to practice the monks, learn , close to the living holy life . The Buddhists at home often bring food , medicine and supplies to make offerings to monks ...
Time retreat is three months; Starting from the first day of the month of Asadha (Asadha). According to Huyen Trang's calculations , in the Western OceanicRegions , it is May 15-5 in the Chinese calendar (ie around mid-June). It also distinguishes period cash settled and after settling ( time than less one month); Weather retreat is divided into secondary settling (one month after the start of the post- settling ) and post- retreat (one month after the start Mid- settling ).
The majority of bhikkhunis do not usually live in fixed places, they often go somewhere; In the season of residence , you will be asked to settle in a convenient place , near the place where you are practicing . Therefore, in an abode want to organize retreat , the monks permanent or semi-permanent, or homeowners offering base material for a Lent to prepare radioactive items , expected more Things to be able to pick up some guests to settle .
Since settling is time for the monks live in harmony , purity in order to advance in practice so in addition to the charm of the necessary (allowed only in two cases absent : under seven days and seven days to forty days, forty days as was breaking down , not matter has settled a season), the have to put aside some of the things to focus time learning, practice , specifically as Meditation Determined . Even,
Lent is the time the longest in that sense practice is featured most. This is an important time of the year where the meaning of spiritual practice is most prominent . This is an important time , the time is convenient to progress , and the number of settlements is said to be the religious age of the life of a monk. Within the meaning always diligent , the old religion higher is considered as close to the Enlightenment Ultimatum .
5. Self (Pavàràna)
Self is a ceremony held in the last season of the retreat , Sanskrit (Pranvarna Sanskrit) is a Sino-Vietnamese-Vietnamese translation is Bát-hòa-la or Bát-lặc-cô-lặc-noa. Pravarana means invite (invitation). From the old Chinese translation is self- self (self: quid: power, later translated as arbitrary , sometimes).
Register Rules Stories, vol 2 reads: "Sanskrit is Pravarana, translated as arbitrary; means to put abdomen; also means letting others raised what I violated" (Phan Van Bat-Lac Balak-noa, translation micro Optionally , herons Bao sufficient market definition, market Depending heron others nominated commit any basis). Buddhist University from Sweden, Khai Minh Thu Bureau, Taiwan , interpreted from suicide , saying, "Make them monks purity , others wearing the mentioned crimes they have violated , his repentance of such crimes With the monks "(charity net bar of four offenses,
Thus, suicide or Occasionally appeal, or Arbitrary is the one for the monks to other monks wear jewelry to raise all of their mistakes so that his repentance before him. Obviously this is a form of critique , which criticizes an individual and individual who takes up remorse, regrets and promises to correct if he or she is guilty of wrongdoing.
Repent (Parisuddhi) are done regularly twice a month before the Bodhisattva, in which, a monks self- criticism -criticism alone, self raised its flaws, obviously is self-criticism. Slowly (Pavarana) is held every year once at the end of the season to settle , which, monks criticize the other monks. It is possible to say repentance , and self-righteousness in turn means self-criticism and self-righteousness.
Let us look at a passage about the Autobiography of Buddha during the early years of the Sangha in the Samyutta :
"On the full moon day of Bát-Tát and Tự Quả , the Blessed One sits outside , the monks sit silently around him. The Blessed One looks around at the monks and opens his mouth : this monks, now I invite the monks say, the monks have something criticize me or not, of itself, or the words? ". Then they rise up to five hundred Arahants."Sun-faked Xa-benefit-phat to pay the upper court to greet the Sun and said:" Lord , we have nothing criticized the Buddha or body language . White Exalted , road not arise , Bhagavan makes arise ; The unknown road , the Blessed One made known; The road has not been preached , the Buddha preached. The Sun know the direction, understanding the virtues , virtues . And the White Sun , The disciples are now religious practitioners and will attain virtue later. And Blessed One , I would like to ask the Blessed One to say, Blessed is there anything that criticize me or not, body or words? "The Blessed One replied, "Sariputta, I have nothing to criticizeyou about your body or words . Sår-lup-phat, You are a great position ..., decoration ..., speed ..., intellectual ..., intellectual ..., subtle, such as the Head of the death of king Who Turns the wheel , a true carrier transfer legal wheels were transported father; This too Xa-profit-waving, thou righteous advocacy Zhuan Falun Supreme was I transported ".Venerable Sāripa-phat successively: " Lord Buddha , the Sundoes not criticize children about the body or speech . So the Blessed One , for the five hundred monks, the Blessed One has criticism about the body or words ? " Bhagavan replied," Xa-profit-waving, in about five hundred monks, the sixty monks is the One Sanming , sixty monks as ladder position, sixty monks is the One Sentence The liberation , and the remaining are Tue liberation .
Sessions slowly dressed ended after the venerable Vangisa up upper robe permission Buddha read verses praising the suicide ...
According to the above, we see self- activity in the early years, when the Sangha was established , including five hundred Arahants settled around the Buddha . Sessions slowly gently, simple and full of sense of a collective purity, harmony . This is the activity of a community of those who have attainedsainthood , not bound by the General . Forms,
6. Tho Y Ca-na-exam (Kathina)
The life-thi-na ca y (Kathina) was done after the suicide , ending a Lent . The monks after three months settled , promoted in the congregation , deserve to receive a new medicine is cocaine, in addition to three statutory .
These laws often lead origination of life care-na ca-examination as follows: Human one Lent has ended , some monks rushed up the road to Savatth to meet the Buddha . The rainy season is not over, the road is muddy, all three people on each monks are wet ; Walking is very difficult, fatigue . Seeing that, the Buddha said that from then on, after the season of residence, the monks should be in canteen for five benefits in a limited time four or five months:
1. In addition to the three, the monks are stored cloth, medicine for more than ten days to prepare to use his or her new medical or medical life , ie cats.2. There is no need to bring a third time as prescribed.3. Be allowed to live in many homeowners , as long as they arenot too sleepy.4. Be realistic in groups of four or more.5. Go to the village before or after meals without notice to another bhikkhu.
Origination of Life y ca-thi-na is also law Ngu part said that once all three care of Elders A-na-law (Anuradha) are torn, elders can not sew a while all three y day Because it is not allowed by law to keep the fabric for more than ten days, and when it is required, it must be in one day. In that way, the Buddha allows the Bhikkhu-khan to take yoga . Middle A-levels, 19, has mentioned the incident and further details that Presbyterians A-na-law is Buddha stand out medical schools and eight hundred monks teamed unfortunately all three in one day. Then,
Two stories in fact still not clear that we can conclude that it is the origination of life care-na ca-examination . The Buddha 's advice that cocaine should be given in two stories makes it possible for us to think that cocaine was inherited from the past, but not yet prevalent . Again, the three seniors of Ananda rule were Buddha and eight hundred monks sewing for a day that can not be called cocaine because cocaine life is just one idea. blow. If the latter is considered the origin of cetiya-yoga , then the meaning of y should be taught by the Buddha , why is the elders of A-na law? Moreover, the content of discourses of the elders did not see mention specifically to health ca-thi-na.
Meaning that we clearly find medical ca-thi-na is the lot of the practice whereby a number of articles in the rules have hindered the monks, so the Buddha invented the life care Cocaine , is considered to loosen the rules. The Life y ca-thi-na after Lent is considered to assess a step advancement on merit practice of monks, deserves less to be bound under the form by some rules .
Ca-na-contest called Kiet-artist is a transliteration of the Sanskrit word "Kathina" means permanent , lasting . Canticle may be understood in the sense of persistence in morality , so it is translated as merit . Y-na ca-examination is carrying the type of the three according law (UAT-ie multi-la-y rooftop antenna, ie Social Security-da-y-old down and increase health-pear ie outermost). The use of some may. Life y , discharge y all have the effect of raising-old-sms.
Buddha invented the life-thi-na ca y as said, to the monks were received this year favorable , to widen some laws are not rigid. Y-na ca-examination is also means offering of Buddhists in part to express reverence , admiration, contributions merit to the monks are practicing . From then on, y-que is also meant to encourage the effort of the monks after each season of residence.
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Scattered in the previous chapter and in this chapter we see some basic features of the activities of the Sangha: refuge ordination , learning, lecture , Bill Rom, residential security , suicide , etc. . there are many forms of others that we can learn more thoroughly through the scriptures , Vinaya ... the form and content of living sometimes touches cumbersome , complex ; But look deeper, all show a poor life , pure , harmony , Need ; As a result, as well as preparation for the growth of the world, Dinh, Tue to deliver liberation . Sangha is an organization, and whether to aim ultimately is freed , still have to cling to appearances , to use all methods , measures to stabilize. Bound, cumbersome , if any, are just selective forms , convenient for practice , the environment for people to practice their mind. This meaning lies in the precepts , conditions to lead to dharma, wisdom, So free . END=NAM MO CAKYA MOUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY=THICH CHAN TANH.THE MIND OF ENLIGHTENMENT.VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=GOLDEN LOTUS MONASTERY=AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.17/4/2017.
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