Chapter Four

A member of the Sangha

first . Meaning  Essential

A member of the Sangha is a person who has  abandoned  life  families , please  join the  Congregation ,  living ,  gathered  under the  precepts  and  teachings  of  the Buddha  to  finally  attain liberation . This is the  ordained ,  ordained  as monks. Whether  disciples  at home or monks in the  congregation are  disciples of  the Buddha , but monks are  images  typical best, most deserving of the  Buddhists .     

The rules  that a monks have to  travel in  comparison with  the precepts  of a  layman  is much   more severe . On  the form ,  the life  monastic  model more restrictive than, a higher bar for the  home . Precept  is to support the  practice ,  shorten  time  to practice  for  liberation  so accordance with  the rules  is not easy. Many  monks , after a  long period  of  practice , had to  be disciplined . During the Buddha's time  , even under the leadership ,  educational His, many monks have been  disrobed . Difficulties in material life  , the  rules  to  follow , plus the   old habits in  life , in  thought , emotions ... not easy to  throw away , leading to the loss of rot or  any safe ,  flutters , the hidden memories  psychology  can interfere with the  practice  of the monks than  the case  of a  lay  home  a lot. Offal,,   

Sangha is a block  communities  close the monks. Living  in harmony  is one of the biggest features Sangha  Buddhist . All organizations,  activities ,  rules , ceremonies, ceremonies ... all manifested the  coexistence  and  harmony together in order  to  achieve the goal  of organization. Qualities of the Sangha  depending  on the qualities of each member and in  meaningful  organic  Jewels (Triratna), Sangha deteriorating quality does not  show  is  the Dharma . Sangha is no longer   lost Buddhism !  

Procedures for  admission of new members to the Sangha, ie to  enable  them to  ordination , the  ordination  (siding Sangha) or the application for  joining theSangha, please  ordination  (siding litigants please  ordained ) means a development Sangha, and stood on a  personal , more importantly, is a new landmark, and a  path of  new  works  great on  spirituality  of the  ordained .

Be  joined  Congregation , monks that time was a member of the  Congregation ,  living ,  congregate  in a  community ,  depending  on the  community  and have the duty to connect the other members of the  community  as a unity. Although achieving  the ultimate  ultimatum  always remains the  attempt  itself, as a result of the steps of  the spiritual ,  alone , silently, sometimes very alarmed played with adventure, but the plight  of the  units  and individuals  in sync for the  reciprocity between the particular and the general is always  shown  for each  individual . People  Religious  Life  Three provisions  (Buddha, Dharma and Sangha); throne  Jewels  is the  refuge  of all  Buddhists , is an  entity  triangle count , each  expenditure part  will  include  two  factors of  the other. Monks,  refuge the Three Jewels ,  representing the  Three Jewels ,  

We  will  follow  the path of a person who  joins  the Congregation ,  who is a member  of  the Congregation, which  includes  study and  practice  through the  practice of  Gender, Dhamma, and Wisdom.

The presentation below summarizes some of  the details  in the  classics ,  Vinaya ... The  details  that have  may not  be  completely  accurate  because some were written long after the Buddha, there may be more robot according to  time , place ... presentation just sketches, partly to help us understand the  characteristics  of living  Sangha of  the Buddha .

2.  Joining  the congregation

In the early years since the  congregation  was  formed ,  the rules  have not been  the Buddha  promulgated , to  join the  Sangha  relatively  simple . That  is understandable  because the monks to the  Buddha  inherently  frugal ,  level  of practice  was  solid ,  spirituality  has been fully prepared, just listen to  the Buddha  preached  once  or several times already  attained  be instant, for example, a group of five monks  Venerable  Kieu-ceiling-like, group Da-Xa, Siddhartha-Ca-lettuce , Sage-phat, Section-inter-ect, etc. These are admitted to  the Congregation  by  the Buddha's words : "Come here, this spear -chip!" These are called the "monks and bhikkhus." Also  there are many due to  causes and conditions , see  the Buddha , after a few words  of response  has never lacked realization that  confirm  immediately: "This is the One  Master  of me", as  the case  of Ma-ha Ca-lettuce; or more by cleverly  answered  the questions of  the Buddha , to be realized in the management when asked,  

Later, Sangha has a large number. The  capture  disciple  new monks of  the Sangha  somewhat  facile , lack of selectivity, leading to the Sangha in some places are not  in harmony , many monks degenerate,  let loose  flaccid century, many people  disrobed  ... Since then,  joined the Congregation  becomes more difficult, requires a lot of  conditions  , especially when the  precept  is formed more and more to  meet the  required  purity ,  Harmony  in the Sangha between the large number of monks  of the Buddha disciples .

To apply for  ordained ,  ordained ,  joined the  group, first of all litigants must have  enough intelligence  to the  formula  indecent  about the  decisions  made in their own, have some  understanding of  basic  relatively  grasp the  doctrine , receive Clear the good things, the  benefits  of where you rely. He must be in  good health in order  to endure  the suffering of a  monk  such as rain and heat, cold  weather,  erratic weather ,  meager meals  , limited sleep   ... Litigants must be mentally strong ,  persevering to endure  any  ordeal . Person concerned shall not be  bound  by  circumstances the family ,  the status of social  ...    

The Vinaya recounted  many  cases where  some monks of the age of seventeen, eighteen wept for not eating dinner; many people are  parents  or relatives to accost many hidden memories because  sex  had decided to commit suicide or  defrocked ...

Laws ( Four parts ,  five parts ) also  stipulated  clearly  the person concerned must not suffer on ten  three obstacles  called  karma law  or old victim (Antarayikadharma). The effects  of these  obstacles  are  explained  in many ways, but they tend to interfere with the  practice of the person and of the Sangha. Ten  three northeast  France are:

1. Scope  border crime : once  ordained  and had committed four things  essential ban  should be  frequency . 
2. Alms  clearance  of bhikkhuni ni:  the case  of masturbation  contact  Bhikkhuni ni. 
3. Pirate Stay: borrow  nominal  monks, posing as monks to benefit. 
4. Out of  the outside religion : to follow the  outside , come to the monks and then  back to  the  pagan and  then back to the monks. 
5. Kill father. 
6. Kill your mother. 
7. Kill A-la-drought. 
8.  Break up harmony : claiming themselves attained, attracting a number of monks, Causing divisions in Sangha. 
9.  Deliberately  injure Buddha 
10. Any male performance:  structural  genital  incomplete, since there are  psychological  sickness . 
11.  Non-human : not human (pointing to beings  in other realms). 
12. Animal : animal. 
13. Second : both male and female . Non-human : not human (pointing to beings in other realms). 12. Animal : animal. 13. Second : both male and female . Non-human : not human (pointing to  beings in other realms). 12.  Animal : animal. 13.  Second : both  male and  female .

In addition to the  block method  on some  document  also added that the  ordination  should have  general appearance  decent, full-year basis, non-blind, lame, dumb, deaf, lisp, not too high, too low, not too black Not too white The apartment is not full can interfere with the  practice , the  conditions for  rest and even  conditions  remaining and even  condition  the apartment is probably to avoid  disparaging  malice  of some bad person or Of the  pagans , especially at a time when  Buddhism  is rising in the context of the many other parallel groups  exist .

In addition to the  above conditions  , the candidate for  the precepts  must find a monks that he  trusted ,  admiration  to ask to be a  disciple . In addition to the first two hundred and fifty monks invited by  the Buddha  to  join  the congregation , many others were also the "monks and nuns" received by the  Buddha , at least three years first after his  enlightenment , the majority of the monks later are run by  disciples  that play ,  ordain , and  the case of  the Buddha  admitted he also delivered to the  venerable Sariputta, The venerable  Moggllana and  Venerable Upali direct  education . We do not see the business  described  the  acquisition disciple  of your  elders , but  the Vinaya  , then: there are monks  guardians , teachers directly guide the  school director ,  executive director  of the  disciples , called  Most  Venerable or Upàdhyàya. Venerable  want to  acquire  disciples must have enough tenfold  retreat  (ten years, ten lower),  seamless  business law, with wisdom , can  provide  material  for  disciples , Sangha were  recognized,  allowing  to be acquired  disciples  and each year only admitted being a disciple only. Where  Presbyterian  Upasena (Pros-she-first), brother Venerable  Sariputta (Xa-profit-waving), when undergoing  two Vassa , was admitted disciples ; After being rebuked by the Buddha . It is permissible to receive disciples and receive only one disciple per year . Where Presbyterian Upasena (Pros-she-first), brother Venerable Sariputta (Xa-profit-waving), when undergoing two Vassa , was admitted disciples ; After being rebuked by the Buddha . It is  permissible to receive disciples and receive only one disciple per year  . Where PresbyterianUpasena (Pros-she-first), brother  Venerable Sariputta (Xa-profit-waving), when  undergoing two  Vassa , was admitted  disciples ; After being rebuked by the Buddha  .

Next, the  Venerable  Into  worry  procedures  Sangha up-ma (Sangha Kamma) ie  forms of  the prospectus ,  report  the incident to please carry  ceremonialadmitted  disciples . New  accession  to  the Congregation , the  renunciation must  ordained novice. Sramanera is the lowest rank in the  Church . The minimum age may be  acquired  is seven, often assigned chores to get familiar with  life  practice  as sweeping, cleaning tents, courtyard, rooms to clean, most teachers or keep chasing crows (many regions in India have a lot of crows, usually composed of swarms, causing  noise  and soiling of abode, hence the word "novice chase crows" to refer to  notes  Small urine ). If practitioners from fourteen or more, for the full study of the fate of  renunciation .

From twenty years and above, the  renunciation  was considered  mature , fully  reinforced by  a monks but not  Bhikkhu  ordination.

World novice ordination was  celebrated  relatively  simple , the  details  Frills may be added later. During the Buddha,  the procedure  only requires teachers get  students  eligible , be Sangha  accept  to gather  disciples . The novice, who  passed through  the first  test  , prepared  the pure monastic life   with the  ten samodi:

1. Do not  kill . 
2. Do not  steal . 
3. Do not have  sex . 
4. Do  not lie
5. Do not drink alcohol. 
6. Do not use jewelry. 
7. Do not sit in bed, high chair. 
9. Do not eat when not having a meal. 
10. Do not handle, store gold, silver, money,  jewels ...

In  ten world  over,  five world  first is a  Buddhist  home , three presented  next are also  Buddhists  in part  done  in those days  boys World ( Daddy Tat  - uposatha),  ordained  novice five or six year, where the age  minimum  is twenty, and in the process of a novice, who  ordained  always  proved  pure , promotion then he was for  ordination  ordination, ie  the monastic  full A monks, including more than 150 world as the document original  and later (with 250 or 270 international obligation gender).

Ceremony  Bhikkhu  ordination are many laws that  describe  very  complex through different stages. Roughly , the applicant  ordained  by  Venerable approved after  time  are novice, have full  eligibility  to be able to monks, immediately prepare for three y,  alms bowls  and  cushions  (pads sit ).

His father is: (1) Antàravàsa, called y in or under y; (2) Uttarasanga (Uttarasanga): external medicine, or medicine; (3) Sanghàtì consists of two layers, covering the body. Y is  algae , covered with bark fiber, dyed yellow earth, color  necrosis . Y-bhikkhuni is very important because  it represents  the whole  human  monk . The monastic  monks spent a lot of medicine, but a monks must  follow .

Alms bowl  or  bowl , or bowl-multi-la (Patra) is a map used for packaging  food drink when monks  perform  well  alms , often with no, brass, size is not too big, not too Small, how to fit  food  enough for a  meal  (ie  whole  food  in a day).

Cushions  or Ni-Bar-Forum (Nisidana) is material for lining sitting, layered fabrics, grass ... size is  determined  enough  to use as seats for monks.

Majjhima Nikaya 140 (The Middle Concentration  ) has narrated a very touchingstory  related  to y and the bowl of a monk:

One day  the Buddha  spent the night in a potter's warehouse, he saw that there was a young man who came before him. Looks looks  lonely  likeable guy's,  Buddha  ask why he  left home leave,  school directors  with whom,  fan  theory  yet, there are questions that the  ascetic ,  practitioner ,  mendicant  ... We often ask each other when we  meet . The young man named Pukkusāti told him that he followed Gautama's example, admired his  theory , that he was his  guru  , He had never  met, but he heard that he was expanding in the north, in the city of Sàvatthi, that is the  Awakened One , the Arahant. Buddha  preached  to him the  truth , he is very  emotional ,  realize  this is the Career  Guru  ideal  that his long  infinity  glass tomb.

Pukkusati earnestly pleased to  join the  congregation . The Buddha asked if he had y and bowl, and when he did not answer,  the Buddha  taught that the Buddhas never  accepted  anyone into  the Congregation  without the y, bowl. Pukkusiti immediately ran to find y, bowl; But the  risk of  dying is bullied. By this news,  Lord Buddha  stated  that Pukkusāti was in the threshold of Nibbana and would never be  reborn  in this realm.

Story  on to recount a  belief  Buddha, believed France, a person believed Increase and  liberation  was due to  belief  strongly that, and  obviously  through the  story , we also see the care and bowl for a billion- monks,  disciples  Buddha actually  extremely  important, expression, shaping the  lifestyle  of a member of the Sangha.

When he has prepared, bowls and  cushions  for the  disciples , because  Venerable  to  the prospectus  before them (Sangha up-ma) for permission to  be ordained  for the  disciples . About death  ceremony  Visiting About Teacher ,  venerable , time to master  Regular ghost  Acharya teaches  catechism ,  Visiting Professor  Life Law ...  Usually , in the abode which Sangha consists of 5, 7 You shall  Hoa Supreme  Master, A-SIU,  Life  is a teacher . In the case  of  Rahula (son of the Buddha)  ordained , Buddha  delivered to  college Elder Sariputta is  venerable ,  contemporary elders  Mahamoggallana do Acharya, and  contemporary elders  Upali do Church life . At least  in the first ten years after the congregation  was formed , three University Presbyterian  on being the Buddha delivered the educational  guidance of new monks ordained  and can both then very soon. The labor of  teaching, organization, union mediation in communication, after the Buddha , not to mention venerable  Xa-profit-waving (Sariputta). And chief Upalis are teachers . At least in the first ten years after the congregation was formed , three University Presbyterian on being the Buddhadelivered the educational guidance of new monks ordained and can both then very soon. The labor of teaching, organization, union mediation in communication, after the Buddha , not to mention venerable Xa-profit-waving (Sariputta). And chief Upalis are  teachers . At least in the first ten years after the  congregationwas  formed , three  University Presbyterian on being the Buddha delivered the educational guidance of new monks ordained and can both then very soon. The labor of teaching, organization, union mediation in communication, after the Buddha , not to mention venerable Xa-profit-waving (Sariputta). three great eldersin being the Buddha delivered the educational guidance of new monks ordainedand can both then very soon. The labor of teaching, organization, union mediation in communication, after the Buddha , not to mention venerable Xa-profit-waving (Sariputta). three great elders in being  the Buddha delivered the  educationalguidance of new monks  ordained and can both then very soon. The labor ofteaching, organization, union mediation in communication, after  the Buddha , not to mention  venerable Xa-profit-waving (Sariputta).

Since the monks of the  Congregation  are allowed admission  disciples , when the  congregation  has  increased  greatly in number, the admitted monks are superficial,  facile , thereby incurred many  schools where  many monks  transgression  law,  disrobed , breaking of unity Increase ... Therefore,  the Buddha  to processing more  rules  to keep the diamond anniversary. The admission monks and  congregation  became closer, and after the Buddha's  death ,  the procedure  even  cumbersome ,  annoying  than.

The Sangha Bill Rom  describing  meticulously the  ordained  monks. Accordingly, after the  World e  pray  and be  approved  by  Monk , Bill Rom and  Church life  in the Sangha Bill Rom, Mr.  Church life  instructions , preparation for  gender-mailfull of things to answer; Must do in  the ceremony . Sangha meets, questions the  eunuch  about the  conditions  for  joining  the congregation . After Sangha has pros, called from being  conventional method  since  that is four things  essential ban  which, if  violated , A monk will be expelled  from  the Congregation . These are the Pàrajika, Han translation is the Air or Tha. The summary of the  four Brajas is:

1. Do not be  lewd . 
2. Do not  kill  or incite to  kill . 
3. Do not  intentionally  pick up objects that people do not give yourself, or instigate action. 
4. Do not  lie  (about the  evidence  of yourself).

After  conventional methods  since , as part of  communication measures  from Italy , that four things that a monks  life  to lean on and to observe closely, through which we see the life  of poverty  of a billion- pretentious  disciples  of the Buddha.

The following section is extracted according to the book Bill Rom  weak only  by the  Venerable  Thich  Tri Thu  compilation  ( Quang Huong  Gia Lam  - PL. 2527).

The Venerable  Master  said:

"This new monks,  the Tathagata , Chi Chan Career,  College Enlightenment  mentioned four legal  clinics , monks  y in  here that  ordained ,  ordained  specifically excluded , the monks qualities:

"First, the monks must live on y  chalk algae ,  according  which  ordained , that  Bhikkhu  -sufficient, the quality of the monks. He must  Lifetime  life over  this.  Where  specifically permitted  life use  due care  herd Vietnamese  offerings , he was cut pulley or destroy (color).

"Second, the monks live on the  alms ,  according as  that  ordained , that  Bhikkhu  -sufficient, the quality of monks. He must  Lifetime  life over  this.  Where  special  is  life use  a A separate room, a cave or a room with the same door.

"Third, the monks live y where tree that sleeping,  according which  ordained , that  Bhikkhu  sufficiency, the qualities monks. You must  Lifetime  life over  this.  Where  special is  life It  is a separate room, a stilted house, a small house, a cave or two rooms sharing the same door.

"Fourth, the monks lived refuge  kinds  Non-fashioned times (cure diseases smoke from  herb ), y above that  renunciation , which  ordained  sufficiency, the qualities monks. You shall lifetime  expectancy maintain  this.  where  special  is  life use  the bowl, bowl birth (milk porridge), oil, brown sugar and honey ".

Finally sacrifices  ordained  as word  statement  of Mr. Bill Rom on  ceremonyinvalid ,  achievements ,  advice  the newly appointed monks make  efforts  to study,  cultivate ,  attain  fruition , etc ..

The  refuge ,  ordination  of monks and nuns do  the same  as above, but the Sa-di-ni, before  ordination  ordination must be composed of twenty position or tenth position (depending abode crowded or fewer people) in which half the Increase, half of the nuns at the age  of eight measures  three-la-di (Parajika) and  especially , feeling more  irreverent France  is  eight measures  revered monks that since the  establishment  of nuns,  Germany Buddha  made out:

1. Monks and nuns no matter how old men, must be a pleasing  respect ,  politeness  with monks increased. 
2. Do not weigh up with monks up. 
3. Not to raise the monks up, not to prevent the monks raise monks monks. 
4. Must  request  monks Increase as  ordained  specifically excluded . 
5. If  criminal  Raise disabled , right in between two sets Increase, to  executive  standard wedding for half a month. 
6. Every six months, must  request  monks to increase  life . 
7. Not  settled  in the area without monks. 
8. After  the settling season , 

Anguttara Beijing  III led  the reason  Buddha  processing  irreverent approach :

"Ananda, just like one who thinks about the future and worries about building a big dam that does not allow water to flow through it, too, Ananda, thinking of the future, I have just  issued this  " bowl of justice "for Monks and  nuns for  their  lifetime can  not be overcome.

On  precepts , monks and nuns are also more active than the monks and as well as some other  forms of  binding  ,  the problem  is  not entirely in the  distinction between values and qualities between the two sets  of  Buddhist disciples that only in order to  solve some  circumstances ,  the conditions  of the  women ordained  related  to  the whole  of a block of  individual ,  psychological ,  ideological ,  physical ,  social , etc .. of the women  religious .

Occasionally,  Lord Buddha , Sravat-phat, Se-kien-lien ... also received female  disciples  through the Order, under the  leadership  of Maharashtra Ba-da-theme and. Other  senior monks  to  carry out  procedures for ordination ,  practice ...

In the case  of foreigners  wanting to take  refuge ,  ordained ,  joined  the congregation  ,  the procedure  is more difficult. Middle A-levels 32 including  cases  Upali, sect Ni-devout-mail (Niganttha) to Buddha to ask for  refuge ,  ordained  as monks  disciples  Buddha, but  Buddha told  him to take  time  to  think  To be very  mature  , to avoid some difficulties later. Indeed , the main he used to solve  many difficult  fuss  by the  devotees  Ni-devout-mail caused because Upali was the big mogul in the  congregation  Ni-devout-mail. A-function 6 including the two Brahmin belonging Pha-la line (Phallas)  ordained  according to  Buddhism ,  Buddha  approval  with  conditions  to try to live for four months with  the Sangha . Also, these two men have met a lot of difficulties due to the  family , because of  the status  society , by  religion  old cause ... Beijing also said a lot of  cases  pagan  join  group to disrupt monks. .. Hence, the admitted Gentiles  into  the congregation  have carefully  procedures  have  cumbersomethan. For example, a  pagan  must have  time  to live with the monks, must be separated from the old environment, ceremony  ordained  for the  heathen  have different content than some places ...

Through some sketches on, we see partial  pictures , the quality of the monks,  the gentle ,  dignified ,  patient ,  poor ... always  bound  to collective Sangha,  living  With Sangha is a  prominent feature  of a  Buddhist monk  disciples . When  breaking the  precepts,  whether heavy or light, the subject is dealt with by separating from the Sangha for a  time . The reason must be handled so as to  aim  to make  Sangha  is  pure .    

The example of the four parajika (balaji) is the   most serious mistake  ,  whichdegrades the virtuous nature  of a monk, is put into law after the wrongdoing has hindered the  fish. Human  offense and collective Sangha, at least in  terms ofscandal  for people.  

The elder  Suddina,  at the request  of  his family ,  returned  home with his ex-wife to look after the children, another monks did the same. Another monks live in the forest, have  sex education  suppressed , have sex with gibbons.  At the foot of the stream, a monk of the Dalai Lama took the wood of King Qin bin Laden to take off his tent. Some of the monks  of the impure body  have abhorred themselves to commit suicide, some of the other monks at the  request  of the monks seriously ill himself, killed the sick because of the thought of doing so To  end suffering  to the sick; Or laws often refer to the story Migalandika ( Loc Truong), dressed in Sato , living with  the Congregation  has killed many monks. Some monks living in the outback believe that they have  attained ,  or,  as they have  attained  truth,  declared their  success  to have more  disciples ,  offerings ... These  cases  have been distributed. Presently,  reported  to  the Buddha . He  severely  reproached  the  criminal  and since then, 

Some monks are  ordained  ordination, must think I really had the  congregationbecause  the congregation  and  for the sake  of yourself but to  express and experiment throne  Jewels . And, one of the  significant  highlights  that he is a  pure , already accomplished or prepared to attain  holy .

3. The  virtue  of a monk

Some monks, firstly a recluse as many recluses of the  Congregation for  others, living  poverty ,  chastity , life without a home, wandering,  begging  to  aim ultimately  is  freed . Meaning  liberation  may  conceptions  vary  depending on each  denomination . The purpose  of the  monastic  Buddhism  is the  Sainthood, Nirvana is  the ultimate . The  fruits of  enlightenment  will be discussed in other sections of this book, Here are just a few basic features of the image ,  the virtue of a monk, a member of the Sangha of  the Buddha . Images  of  human  morality was  first being  implemented  in the  Buddha  and the monks  disciples  studied under him. The  characteristic virtue  of  the  Buddhist congregation, according to E. Conze ( Buddhism, Its Essence and Development ) is bland ,  single and  non-violent . These features, It can be easily found  in most other  congregations other than  Buddhism . It should be said, this feature represents a great characteristic throughout the  doctrine  of  the Buddha . It is the Threefold  Press : Suffering,  Impermanence ,  Selflessness .

Because to understand that life is suffering, as  impermanent , without an  ego immutable ,  permanent  yet so the  monk  Buddhist  effort  to end suffering , not a chance,  circumstances  for suffering development, the  monk  discharge remove,  selfless ,  of poverty , of love, compassion, joy, equanimity,  gentleness ,  any harmful  or  violent .

Scattered in the previous sections, we have seen the quality of the monks, that quality is summarized in the passage of Dìgha Nikàya 1-4 ( The Ministry ) about  the virtue  of the Buddha through  comments  Of the  pagans :

Gotama talked out of harming his life, had lost that tendency, he had lost that destructive tendency, he had put down the stick and the sword. The way of humility, full of merit by  compassion , the desire   for happiness for  us .

"He gave up taking things that others did not give, losing the tendency to take things that other people did not give to him." He took what was given to him and was ready to bring them, and he lived with heart,  true ,  pure ... "

"He has rid the  lie , had lost the tendency to slander him. When he hears something in a certain place, he will not repeat in  other places , causing  discord ... He connected the who  disharmony back  together  and encouraging those who are friends  with each other . His joy is loving and  enjoy  in harmony, and when it comes, he said the words gently. "

"He has to get rid of to say  bitter , had lost the tendency to say  harsh . He just said the word  gentle , easy going, causing  emotional ,  educational , causing  people to enjoy , are  people like Interesting ... "

"You get rid of a word  frivolous , has lost the tendency to say  frivolous . He  was right  time,  right  to the work, with words of  meaning .  The words  of His catchy, right time, Very  clear ,  correct  and  specific . "

Never cheat , cheat  or  cheat . He does not curse, kill,  bind theft or violence. " 

(*) Note: in the English language of the Pali Text Society. Sources of Indian Tradition (Chapt. VI, Theravada, Buddhism AL Basham), Colombia Uni. Press, New York, 1958.

Above are few strokes qualities  moral  of  Buddha ,  exemplary  for the  entire Sangha. That is the basic definition for the content of  Gender obligation  monks (Patimokkha),  specifically  in  the ten precepts of novice . Qualities that are  present  in everyday life of the  monk  Buddhist . Your  calm ,  calm tone  has  become  familiar  to  everyone . This is the result of the  practice of  Gender, Dhyana, Wisdom, is shown  in the  practice of  the Noble Eightfold Path  (Ariya-Atthanjikammagga):  Right ,  Right Thought (two  spent part  of the Wisdom),  Right Speech ,  Right Action ,  Right Livelihood  (three  spent part  of the World),  Chief crystal Tons ,  mindfulness ,  right concentration  (three  parts  belong to Dinh). By  virtue of the practice of the  Noble Eightfold Path , the precepts, the advancement of wisdom, the  virtue of  advancement, can  be  as high as  the Buddha , Forms  outside the appeal of respect,  worship  of  all people , including animals. Many narratives and scriptures,  the Buddha  dressed  elephant, dragon, ... wild animals to the monks in the deep forest ...

One trait  in particular  of the monks is the  spirit  of Tu goon  ( pronouns , compassion, sympathetic joy, discharge) which is the  method  practiced emotions  to  remove  the ego that a monks want to go into Dinh Must  be done for From that desire good things for others, compassion Bi is  beings  suffering , Hy is pleased pleased to see others  happy , and Drain is pleased  to drop all  binding . Here we only discuss the aspects  moral  of  the Four Immeasurable heart , this is the aspect  forget themselves , show  selflessness  in  life , consequences of  human  opinion contained in three  legal publications (suffering,  impermanence ,  non-self ). The four  parts  of the  Four Noble Truths are meant  to represent  non-self , so one  part  contains the  other three  .

From Beijing (Metta Sutta) or  Business Class  (Sutta Nipata) are  verses  talk about  kindness  immeasurable  of  disciples  the Buddha :

As a mother  lifelong  care for children Germany only child, for all  sentient beings , too , Tam himself to  generosity , Compassion solidarity with the whole of  the earth , Generosity , arises  from the mind  alone, Above, Underneath and through, No restraint, no hatred and  evil . Walking, standing, sitting or lying, Or sleep, kept tightly  mindful  of this, Since it is  possible how  noble ... Avoid all  wrong , virtue  full of  wisdom ,












 

The Dharma Prayer , 3-5, gives the  verse  of renunciation, the  purity , the  peace, the love of peace,  the spirit  of harm :

"He  insults  me, beats me, 
he defeats me, he  robs  me!" 
He who  nourishes  the  mind  like 
Never stills of hatred ... 
And whoever does not  foster  the  idea  that, 
Being quick  peace ,

Never  in life , 
hatred  is calmed down by  hatred , 
Only  love  can calm  hatred . 
That is eternal law "

Spirit  indestructible ,  non-violence  is not terror but a manifestation of the love of peace,  kindness and  compassion and  courage . Spirit  is  shown first in the  Buddha . Incidentally often tell the  disciples  of His example  of compassion brave  of him when he was a Bodhisattva in the  past life immemorial, we now know through  the Beijing  Jataka (Jataka Nikaya) He  touched  so many switching off The wicked, he suffered from  torture , beaten, torn limbs, eye hooks ... but always  loving kindness .

In Class A-levels,  Central Beijing ,  Presbyterian Increase Shelf  are storytelling  venerable  puñña · (Phu-wipe-na),  disciple  big Buddha,  representing  the Sangha, the origin Sronaparanta (Du-Lanka Na) to  teach  the native. Although knowing that the person there was not  tamed , he also asked  the Buddha to allow  him to propagate:

Buddha  taught: "People in origin Sronaparanta  impatient , violent, cruel. They speak the words cruel,  rude . If they told him the words cruel,  rude , rude, then what do you think? "

Punna: "You would think that the people of Sronagaram were indeed  good  and  kind people  because they did not hit me by the hand, nor threw stones at me."

Buddha : "But if they hit him with his hand or throw stones at him, what would he think?"

Punna: "I would think they are nice and  kind people  because they do not hit me with a stick, do not hit me with a ginger."

Buddha : "But if they beat him with a stick or where he was with the sword, what would he think?"

Punna: "I would think they are  kind  and  kind people  who do not kill me."

Buddha : "But if they kill you, Punna, what would you think?"

Punna: "I would think that they are  kind  and  kind people  because they  liberate the revelation of this mortal body easily, I know that many  monks  are  ashamed of their own mischief. , was  confused , depressed, and he had committed suicide by  weapons , have used poison, hanged himself with a rope or plunge into the abyss. "

Buddha : "Punna, you have  the  highest patience and patience ,  go and teach them how to  get  as liberated as yourself, you have liberated!"

No  need to  say, the quality of the monks  decided  qualities of Sangha and the  existence  of the Sangha. Qualities that are the result of the  implementation of the practice  of  wisdom  and  practice of  meditation  and is  conditional  to  achievement  of intellectual  liberation . The monastic  monks (Patimokkha) to the monks remain which  continue  practicing . This is the  preservation of the  body, speech, and mind for  the net , making the  whole  monks  pure .

Ethics  Study brings  meaning  mainly  evaluate  actions,  related  to  knowledge . It is the  implementation of  life  through  action in accordance with  knowledge . Hence  moral  guidance life. The  simplest ,   most specific moral  meaning in life, in  social communication  is to do good, to avoid evil, to  love , to take control of oneself ...   That meaning can be  found  easily in  The  Dhammapada records the teachings of  the Buddha , firstly for the Congregation  of him and of course for all  people . Following are some excerpts from the  Dhammapada , by  Venerable Rahula choose services from which  we  draw a few small parts  typical  for the  moral  of the monks:

- "The joy of the good  life  , and joy  in life later. In both  lives , he will happily. He satisfied and  extremely  happy  when I saw  acts of purification  her."

- "The mind is difficult  restraint  and unstable, it wants to go, then go.  Need to  overcoming  it. The mind is  overcoming ensure happiness".

- "The aroma of  virtue  is much higher than the aroma of  incense,  lotus  or jasmine."

"One can win many thousand in a battle, but the one who wins is the highest."

"Living one day in  virtue  and  meditation  is  worth more than a hundred years of  bad habits  and lethargy."

- "Whoever  seeks  happiness  without harming  beings  who aspire  to happiness  will be  happy  in the  next life ."

- "If I keep my word to others, I can control myself to control others. Indeed, it is difficult to control myself."

- "Avoid the thing,  cultivate  good and  pure  mind, that is the Buddha taught."

- "Misery born from the  sensual ,  fear  born of  sensual pleasures. If you  pass the  sensual  is not known  grief , fear."

- "One who  neglects  the  sentient beings  is not a  holy person . Those who are  compassionate  to all  beings are worthy of being called holy."

- "Need to  practice  virtue  for life .  Need to  keep  faith  firm .  Need to  reach Hotel  Property.  Need to  do something  immoral yet."

"  Self  is my  guardian  , but where else is my  guardian ?  Thencontrol  yourself like a  merchant who controls  his aggressive horse."

Though  Buddhism  brings  nature  lively  freshness, still not  escape  the eyes of many, see  picture  a  monastic  Buddhism  has sharp austerity, was  the end  of  the form  or not, rather than by others  Conception  of him. Moreover, if we  note that  there is a negative "negative" attitude about  the gentleness  of attitudes in the  Buddhist monk  himself , we can not  fail  to acknowledge  that, Morality  is  the  manifestation of  knowledge  in life in  the world  of  relative  and  limited phenomena . Ethics  is not the liberation  that is taken to support the pro- liberation  and the results step by step practice  to liberation . H. De Geiger has identified  characteristics  relative  of ethics  as follows: Ethics is not the liberationthat is taken to support the pro- liberation and the results step by step practice to liberation . H. De Geiger has identified characteristics relative of ethics as follows: Ethics is not the  liberation that is taken to support the pro-  liberation and the results step by step  practice to  liberation . H. De Geiger has  identifiedcharacteristics relative of  ethics as follows:

- " Indian ethics   have its  limits  outlined very clearly, it is  valid for  sentient beings  in  samsara , those who have  escaped samsara on  the  contrary , are no longer  dependent  Into the  rules  of  morality .

- "All  moral behavior   (at least for many schools) has only one  relative value , and  eventually it leads to a  state in  which it is no longer important and then  The mind  no longer requires any kind  of morality  . " (Henri De Glasenapp, "La Philosophie Indienne", p. 215, Payot, Paris, 1951 ). 

Indeed,  the  ethical question is  only for those who have not  been liberated  in the  pursuit of  ultimate liberation . In have  liberated , in  nature  fullness ,  absolute ,  nature  ethics  spontaneous secretion outside makes the  ordinary , "in a  limited  certain" also  realize  is  morally  sublime of taste . The reason  sure that "a  limitation  that" is because the normal  or  ordinary  only  recognize  the reflection of a  moral  relativity  in life only. Therefore, in the Asiatic School,  Sutra, after the  Buddha  mentioned the  praises  of the world about him, he also taught:

"Monks, there are other dharmas, inseparable, difficult to see, confidant, wonderful, beyond the reach of   pure reason ,  delicate , only those who understand new knowledge.  praised  a way  exactly  the virtues of  the Tathagata new comes. "

Germany of the  Tathagata mentioned  above, is the virtue, the virtue of selflessness, the virtue of  selflessness , the virtue   of liberation of a person is  enlightened  .

And, even though  ethics  have  characteristics  relative ,  ethics  Buddhism  so far nothing is  outdated , and the quality of  ethics  of the Sangha of the Buddha must be so lofty that a lot of reach  Sainthood , and qualities  morals that  continued  existence  spent  over twenty-five centuries. END=NAM MO CAKYA MOUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY=THICH CHAN TANH.THE MIND OF ENLIGHTENMENT.VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=GOLDEN LOTUS MONASTERY=AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.17/4/2017.