Equalism of the Buddha.VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=THICH CHAN TANH. Buddha appeared in the world like the sun shattering the dark night. His teachings have brought universal values ​​to mankind for more than twenty-five centuries. After his enlightenment, he carried out a great revolution that changed many of the misconceptions inherent for thousands of years in India, freeing suffering for the underdogs who were despised and oppressed. at that time. Among the countless teachings that he preached, the idea of ​​equality is one of the miraculous teachings that helps to break the social prejudice that human values ​​derive from the human race. After the Aryans invaded India 1 , creating a hierarchical distinction between conquerors and indigenous people, from there gradually evolved into the phenomenon of division and the practice of career. Perhaps the establishment of this regime lasted until the era of Pham Thu (1000 tr.TL-800 tr.TL), because in this era the "Brahmanicism" was formed. Brahmin caste thought that they were born from the mouth of Pham Thien; Kill-base-benefit from the two roles Pham Thien was born; Pham Thien's navel-amnesty was born and Thu-da-la from Pham Thien's feet was born. 1. Brahmin (brāhmaṇa): Is the highest class in society, has the task of advising the monarch and taking care of prayer and sacrifice. They take advantage of the religious forces to control and regulate the human spiritual world. 2. Sat-base-benefit (kṣatriya): Including the royal family, princes, leaders and valiants of small countries. The dominance of a country is held by the level of Sat-Empire-benefit. But in the Buddhist scriptures, the majority for Sat-soles-benefit is located in the first position, ie on the level of Brahmin. 2 3. Dependent-amnesty (vaiya): Including craftsmen, merchants, peasants, breeders ... This race must pay taxes to the rulers and aristocracy. The vast majority of them are exploited and oppressed. 4. Thu-da-la (śūdra): Including incumbents and slaves, a low-profile group suffering the most disadvantages in society. Each race operates independently, according to the endogamous regime, is a collective of people who share the same relatives, and occupations are passed down from one another. Whoever is born in any race will enjoy the status of that race as the revelation of the Vedas. The leading class of the four Indian races at that time was Brahmin. Brahmin means pure, pure, or divine. This is the class not only holding power in religion, but also the privileged class to advise the monarch in society. In fact, the one who wields military power in politics and the military is the Sat-to-benefit class. For the politics at this time, on the one hand, the Assassin-Benefit forced the people below the level to execute their own policies; But on the other hand, Sat-base-benefit must obey the religious authorities of the Bra-la-subjects imposed class. So Sat-base-benefit is the intermediate class between the Brahmins and the class of workers, traders, technology, and peasants. Prince Siddhartha was born in this race. While the royal class waged war, the members of the Brahmin hierarchy could not help but perform the colonial work. At that time, Agriculture and husbandry are indeed indispensable, and the merchant class is also indispensable in the Indian sex society. They belong to the common working class, called the Phnases. This race both obeys religious orders of Brahmin and is governed by the politics of Sat-benefit. According to the Austrian meaning letter , the race Thu-da-la was isolated by the three races. The first three races have the right to recite the Vedic scriptures and the right to freedom of sacrifice. At a certain appropriate age, they can become a monk to practice religious life; While the Thu-da-la race has no such right, they can only read narrative poetry in folk literature and proverbs to have a little joy in their religion. They are not even allowed to look up into the faces of the Brahmins, for that way the Brahmin will be impure. Witnessing the many injustices inherent in Indian society due to the racial regime and conflicts from neighboring countries that invade and fight each other, Prince Siddhartha resolutely sought for I have a real liberation direction. After attaining enlightenment, the Buddha broke the boundaries of social class distinction and made a great ideological revolution to dispel the inherent injustice. He used his love to be kind to the slave class, which was despised by the upper three classes. The Buddha always persisted in his stance when considering all sentient beings to be equal. He recruits those who wish to practice liberation from all walks of life, without denying any level, whether they are merchants, heathen, slaves or nobles, Brahmins. , King. In the Sangha established by the Buddha, he completely did not rely on their profession, background or social status to impose any privileges or restrictions. He abolished all that had to do with rituals or tyrannical ordinances that discriminated against social caste. It is through this undiscriminated spirit of equality that the Buddha is revered by the majority of the masses, especially the lower class, such as women, the poor, oppressed and trampled slaves. They see the Buddha as the great "Savior" of humanity, In the Most Sangha Sutta , the Buddha taught the monks: "Now there are four large rivers, water from the source of A-nau-reaches the discharge. how is four? These are the Ganges, Tan-Dau, Ba-Xa and Tu-da rivers. The other Ganges river flows from Niu at the beginning of the gate to the East, the Tan River flows from the Lion Gate to the South, the Tu-da River flows to the West from the Gate, and the Ba-Rub River flows to the North from Malaysia. At that time, the water of four major rivers, after winding the A-nậu-reach, the Ganges flows into the East Sea, the Tan-Dau River flows into the South Sea, the Ba-Rub River flows into the West Sea, the Tu-da River flows into the South Sea. into the North Sea. At that time, four great rivers were pouring into the sea, no longer called before, but only called the sea. Here too, there are four races. What four? It is Sat-benefits, Ba-la-subjects, fake and lay people. They live in the Tathagata, shave off the hair, wear three forensics, leave the house to study, they no longer have the old family, but only called Sa-ca disciple Thich-ca. The reason is because the masses of the Tathagata are like the great sea, the four emperors as well as the four great rivers, except for the history of elimination, into the fearless Nirvana citadel. So, monks! If any of you are of the four races, shave off the beard and hair, with firm faith, ordain a monk, they will remove all their previous names, claiming to be Shakyamuni disciples. The reason for this is because I am now the son of Thich Ca, from the family of Thich to study the religion. Male-stilts should know, if you want to discuss the meaning of your own child, you must call it Sa-mon the family Like The reason for this is because I am now the son of Thich Ca, from the family of Thich to study the religion. Male-stilts should know, if you want to discuss the meaning of your own child, you must call it Sa-Mon of the family Like The reason for this is because I am now the son of Thich Ca, from the family of Thich to study the religion. Male-stilts should know, if you want to discuss the meaning of your own child, you must call it Sa-Mon of the family Like". 3 Everywhere, every time, the Buddha took the noble personality of an enlightened master as the cause of education. That noble personality is shown in respecting the honesty of human beings, but rejecting the ideological primacy of humanity. According to the Buddha's egalitarian viewpoint, if the slaves are properly educated, know how to cultivate morality, they have the ability to become great, respectable people. On the contrary, those who consider themselves noble are born in the royal class or Brahmin, if they are not properly educated, do not know how to cultivate virtues, they are only fools for life. ignorance, ignorance, high tribute, only selfishness. When evaluating the virtues of a person, it is necessary to recognize their intellect and morality, not to consider which part of the race they belong to defined by society. If anyone is a human, anyone can build themselves a true life to become a person with wisdom and morality. The building of the congregation in the spirit of compassion and equality openly rejected the caste system according to the prejudice of Indian society at that time. Buddha represented a very vivid image when taking water from hundreds of rivers and water in the great sea for example. Hundreds of rivers when poured into the sea have a taste, that is salty. Likewise, even if anyone in the four races of the society, if ordained to practice rightly, they are imbued with a person, that is the liberation. It was not the Buddha who raised this issue to reason freely, but he himself fully understood and practiced equality in daily life for the monks. The Buddha always thinks of sentient beings with a benign condition. Who is predestined before him, whoever is predestined after him. For example, Ni-De was originally a poor, inaccessible caste, living on a daily basis of rent, but the Buddha still accepted and allowed to join the congregation. Initially, due to inferiority complex, Ni-De did not dare to meet the Buddha, because he thought that the Buddha was a royal lineage, his disciples were nobles, and he was an inferior, lowly man. But with compassion, the Buddha admitted him to the congregation to ordain. After a short period of diligent practice, Nuns had attained supernatural powers. At that time, many people of the Brahmin lineage or kings opposed those lowly enough to be ordained as a monk, but the Buddha steadfastly maintained his equal stance. He always uses an easy-to-understand example to compare this position: "Our Dharma is purified by mystery, just like water can remove all defilement, just as great fire can burn everything, big or small, good or bad, it can burn to ash. My Dharma too, vast and immeasurable, whether rich or poor, wealthy or lowly, male or female, if anyone has the ability to practice, all desires will be eliminated ” 4. Udumbara was a barber in the royal court of the Thu-da-la race. After his ordination, he mastered the precepts, was the first of the ten great disciples of the Buddha. Pros-three-li is also the same Vinaya claimant in the first set of classics. Bat-sand-base girl of the lowly people Ma-Dang-old claimed herself as the kind of person who could not contact, so she did not dare to offer water to Ananda. Ananda brought the teachings of the Buddha's equality to teach her, then she dared to give it up. In the Sutra Pitaka often for the conditions to meet and contact this is the drama of love arising from the sensuality of the Bat-sand-base. Finally, Bat-sand-base also ordained as Male-stilts-ni, attained Arahantship. The reason the Buddha completely denied the humble dignity of the slave class was shaped in Indian society at that time, Hoa strictly teaches: " Mind, Buddha and sentient beings, the three things are not different ". 5 It can be said that this viewpoint was not present in Indian social ideology before. The Buddha gave an equal view to awaken the self-awareness of each human being, because everyone has the ability to cultivate wisdom and morality. Those who have not had freedom of religious beliefs now have the right to religious beliefs, those who have not had freedom to learn now have the right to study like many people of other classes. This is the humanism, egalitarianism of the Buddha's teachings. This spirit is used by the Blessed One in the harmonious life of the congregation. From the peaceful, harmonious and liberating achievements of the Sangha led by the Buddha, all walks of life have seen human values ​​that the human regime has long ignored or denied. The Buddha's egalitarian spirit transcended the institutions of society to bring happiness and freedom to everyone, whether they were born in the common or aristocracy. All humans born in this world carry the same red blood and salty tears, so it is impossible to say that one class is higher than the other, or the other is lower than the other from the place of origin. All people are equal in the karmic retribution of good or evil deeds, equal in rights to enjoy all universal human values. The reason for the noble class division in Indian society at that time was because the Brahmin class considered themselves to have the privilege of killing at hand, obliging others to submit unconditionally. The Buddha's equality theory has rejected the injustices of Indian society at that time and still has human values ​​to this day. People are intelligent or stupid, noble or lowly due to their karma, not their birthplace, as the Buddha replied to the Brahmin who worshiped Brahmin. in the Sutta of the Convenient People : " It is not the place of birth that is untouchable, nor is the place of birth as Brahmin, because of the act that man becomes untouchable, and also due to the behavior that man becomes. Brahmin ".END=NAM MO SHAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).GOLDEN AMITABHA MONASTERY=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=THICH CHAN TANH.AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.28/3/2021.