FIRE PROTECTION

 11-Jun-2013

To commemorate the death of Thich Quang Duc 50 years ago (1963-2013)

In the midst of a burning world of fire from the Middle East furnace to the Thai-Cambodian border, the question of the effectiveness of the "non-violent" struggle suddenly became important. Lao Zi's "No Vi" to Gandhi's "No Violence" is a long way to lead us from personal wellbeing to fighting for society. And according to Marx there is social injustice. Especially when looking at both today's Communist and Capitalist societies, Marx's descendants are struggling harder than ever before than Mao, more than Trotsky, more creative than Obama.

From the root, the philosophy of nonviolent struggle can be regarded as encapsulated in Gandhi's famous saying: " The means is the cause, the cause ." If we use the medium, will yield an unpopular result, not sad. This is the cause of causality in the purest and most transparent praxis process. Looking back at the three successful non-violent struggles below, we hope to find the key to the international problems of the early decades of the 21st century.

MAHATMA (Great Soul) GANHDI (1869-1948)

Gandhi's "Satyagraha" method is a synthesis of  Courage, Non-violence,  and  Truth.  This method was effectively applied against the British colonial empire to bring independence to India.

Mahatma Gandhi grew up in a middle-class family. Her parents arranged to get married at the age of 13. From a young age he advocated killing animals for food and clothing was a mistake. After graduation, he returned to India to work, but without success he worked in South Africa (then a British colony). The first time, although a lawyer, he was still discriminated against as an Indian. From there, he started the movement of workers across ethnic Indian anti-discrimination newspaper  Indian Opinion Along with the campaign to fight violence and " civil disobedience" (civil disobedience). Despite his multiple imprisonment, Gandhi also achieved the result that the British government had yielded some of the benefits to indigenous workers in South Africa.

The First World War broke out, at the age of 49, Gandhi returned to India to fight for independence from his hometown of Britain, an imperial empire "the sun never" sets). Within five years, he became the leader of the Indian nationalist movement. Colonial rule introduced the Rowlatt Act to ban anti-government organizations. He led the revolts using the "Satyagraha" method but was not completely successful. This belief, however, became even more staggering by the fact that the British used the violence of the massacre of nearly 400 Indians in Amritsar in 1919 which further weakened and discredited the British colonial government. The following year, he initiated a self-woven fabric program with three distinct goals:

In 1930, also in the spirit of self-sufficiency by nonviolent action, Gandhi led a great 400-mile journey into the sea to make salt against the law to buy only his own salt. colonial rights. Throughout World War II (1939-1945) he continuously guided the Indian people to peaceful demonstrations until 1947, after a seven-year Gandhi visit to prison, Britain had to agree to return independence. for the Indians.

The nonviolence that he advocated did not originate from his Hindu beliefs but from personal reflections on human nature. He opposed the organized religion whose famous quote was " I like Christ but I do not like Christians. They did not like Him at all "( I like your Christ, I do not like your Christians. Your Christians are so unlike của Christ  - Source: Wikipedia)

According to Gandhi, true nonviolence requires courage. To achieve the courage to overcome the fear. And he taught the Indians to overcome their fears by loving their homeland.  When people love their homeland, they die not afraid.  The second element of his Satyagraha method is truth. The "Truth" can be found with tolerance and compassion. To emphasize this, Gandhi put the memoir " My Experience with Truth ."

After he was assassinated by a radical Hindu, Albert Einstein declared: " Future generations will hardly believe the earth has such a person existed in the flesh."(" Generations to come will scarcely believe that they will come to earth in flesh and blood. ")

MARTIN LUTHER KING JR. (1929 – 1968)

He was one of only two American heroes whose birthdays were chosen as national holidays (the other being George Washington). The struggle for non-violent civil rights since 1955 earned him the honor of being the youngest recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize.

Martin Luther King Jr. (MLK) grew up in a family of three generations as a Protestant Baptist minister. He also authored five books from the beginning of the 1958 struggle. After his ordination in 1948, he continued his studies and earned his Ph.D. in theology from Boston University in 1955.

In 1955, it was the start of his struggle with the first goal of attaining black rights in the city of Montgomerry through discrimination laws that forced black people on the bus to give seats to whites. . Black leaders in the city invited him to lead the movement. In his inaugural address, he stated, " It is important to define ourselves as citizens of the United States. We do not call for violence. ... The great splendor of American democracy is the  right to be opposed to the right"The MLK's weapon in this struggle is to call on the public to boycott the bus. Only a year later, the Supreme Court of the United States ordered the city of Montgomery to exercise equal treatment in the public transport system. This victory helped the MLK to naturally become the leader of the civil rights movement in the United States.

From the issue of transportation, the struggle fosters equality in the areas of education, labor, housing, politics (voting rights) and economics. The basic areas of unjust discrimination in American society are so obvious that whites (including actor Paul Newman, Warren Beatty) also took to the streets to support him. Media outlets displaying black people show signs of resignation from water jets and fierce dogs that have caught the attention of the American public. The height of the militant movement was the 1963 summer march with more than 250,000 full-blown American protesters in Washington. Their weapon is just Joan Baez's soaring voice through the famous song "We Shall Overcome" (We will pass, One day we will pass, because our hearts believe we will pass  - Listen to the mantra "Gate Gate ParaGate ..." of Prajna Sutra.

In 1964, the US Congress enacted the Civil Rights Act. Over the following year, with support from President Lyndon Johnson, the US Congress enacted the Voting Rights Act. His successes did not satisfy the SNCC group so much that they began to use the slogan "Black Power" and tended to use it. The violent means of engaging the MLK in the fear of Gandhi's guerrilla principles. "The means of struggle must be as clear as the goal we wish, " he said. In 1967, the MLK focused all its priorities on the anti-poverty target he considered the focal point of all the tragedies that blacks in the United States suffered.

In April 1968, he went to Memphis to support a strike by garbage workers and was shot dead by a white criminal.

Today, American high school students must learn about his famous speech in Washington in the 1963 rally: " I Have A Dream " to talk about thirst. freedom, the right of people in the world's strongest power. Many wondered if this speech turned a "dream" into a reality for a US in 2008 with Black President Barack Hussein Obama?

LOOKING FOR QUANG DUC (1897 - 1963)

In the struggle for 6 months in 1963 between Buddhist Vietnam and the government of President Ngo Dinh Diem, the self-immolation of Thich Quang Duc (HT) is regarded as the peak of the spirit of fearlessness, nonviolence the action of Buddhism. His real name is Lam Van Tuat, born in Van Ninh district, Khanh Hoa province. When I was 7 years old, I went to the pagoda. At the age of 20, the product of Bhikkhu, legal name Quang Duc. Then, HT adjective three years on a mountain in Ninh Hoa Dai Lanh coast.

During his time practicing in Central Vietnam, he built and restored all 14 temples. In 1943, leaving Khanh Hoa to the south, he practiced throughout Saigon, 6 provinces of Nam. For three years in Phnom Penh, HT has taught overseas Buddhists, has studied the Pali canon and Theravada Buddhism. In 1958, the headquarters of South Vietnamese Buddhist Association, which is the Deputy Executive HT, moved Xa Loi Pagoda in Saigon.

In early May 1963, when the government banned the flag on Buddha's birthday and the massacre of eight protesters in Hue, the form of Buddhist struggles was only protests and nonviolent rallies. In response to the brutal response of the authorities through the arrests of Buddhists, the blockade of Buddhist temples, Buddhism increased the level of protest against the hunger strike of monks and Buddhists. That is still non-violent. But still have not "disclosed" the government.

At the end of May 1963, HT wrote a letter to self-immolation but was rejected by the Buddhist leaders. By early June, when the crisis as walking at a standstill because the government does not demonstrate its willingness to make 5 wishes, Buddhist lifting form to fight nonviolence at the highest level:  No scorching enemies that scorched the body of the "five aggregates of no" of his own to raise the torch light illuminated ignorance. In the will left, HT wrote directly to the leader of the government suppressing Buddhism, the object of the self-immolation, peacefully, compassionately and full of nationality:

"May the Buddha bless the President Ngo Dinh Diem wisely accept the five minimum aspirations of Buddhism in Vietnam. . . Pray for a peaceful country, peaceful people ... "

On June 11, 1963, during a march of 800 Buddhist monks, Thich Quang Duc sat self-immolated in a large intersection in the center of Saigon in the presence of the police force. and foreign journalists. This sudden and tragic death has created three types of responses:

(1) From government:  The first is a statement revealing the dictatorship of Diem: " Behind the back of Buddhism in the country  there is the Constitution, that is me ." And secondly One sentence from Ms. Ngo Dinh Nhu, the advisor to the whole world, condemned: " I will clap my hands when seeing another monk barbecue" (I would clap hands at seeing another  monk barbecue show ) and if anyone short of gasoline I will give . I even challenged the monks ten more times. The solution to the problem of Buddhism is ignorance, not to be known . "

(2) From the Vietnamese people:  Silence in front of the authorities are drunk with blood. But in  the field of culture there are three non-violent reactions: 

The first was the resignation of some university professors (Rev. Cao Van Luan, professor Pham Bien Tam, professor Vu Van Muc).

Second is the writer Nhat Linh poison " self-destruction as well as Thich Quang Duc self-immolation ."

And third, the poem " Fire of Compassion " of the great poet Vu Hoang Chuong was discovered after the government was overthrown with five verses began:

Fire! Fire burned the lotus court!

Eight nine humiliation of the ceiling of the heart into poetry, kneeling down.

Two gloomy suns, East West emerald,

Clasped a new sunrise.

The golden sun is rising, rising ...

(3) From the international public:  Almost all the media around the world reprinted this epic and epic self-portrait. On June 14th, the New York Times published on the front page "The American Report on Buddhist Desires: (Diem) was told he could be blamed if he did not satisfy his complaints. It is true that religion is the only religion in the world. "(US Warns South Vietnam on Demands of Buddhists). Historian  Seth Jacobs  reckons that Thich Quang Duc " burned out as American asDiem experiment to ashes as well".

On the Catholic side, as the director of Diem, Bishop Nguyen Van Binh of Saigon Archdiocese called on the government to apply religious tolerance. Father Le Quang Oanh on behalf of monks group Dong Tam condemned "unfair injustice" has killed innocent Buddhists (May 12). And despite Pope Paul VI's call (17 August) from the Vatican to urge TT Diem to resolve the Buddhist crisis, the night of August 20, like a burning flare before it turns off, the government Launched the campaign " Water Flood, " bringing tons of Buddhist temples in most provinces in the South and arresting Buddhist leaders and many Buddhist monks, students, students.

At the end of October, the United Nations sent a delegation to Vietnam to investigate the state of religious persecution of President Ngo Dinh Diem. But it was too late. In early November 1963, the army heard the call of the entire people, stood up and overthrew Ngô Đình Di0m's regime in a brief revolt, less than 24 hours because there was almost no resistance.

Forty-eight years after the nonviolent action, in September 2010, a monument to Thich Quang Duc Bodhisattva was inaugurated in Saigon at the place where the priest had set himself on fire.