[10]

Chapter ten

Overview

-ooOoo-

Рthe Buddha was born in 554 BC in Lumbini Kapilavatthu origin, year 509, his enlightenment under the Bodhi tree in Bodhigaya Magadha. By 464 BC, he had been propagated for forty-five years; Thus the Sangha was established forty-five years. He then resided in Grudhakuta (Uttar Pradesh or Mount Vishnu, or Mount Tsu) near the rajagaha of Magadha. He lived for eighty years on earth, at the time of Nirvana. The Mahayana Parinibbana Sutta of the Second Coming of the Buddha is quite complete about the last days of the Buddha. The following verse is based on the Sutra.

After Raajagaha, the Buddha and the five hundred monks went to the north, heading for Kapilavatthu to Amolatthika, and then to Nalanda, both places where the Buddha spoke about the consequences. the detriment of breaking the precepts and the benefits of keeping a precept against a layman. At Kotigama, the Buddha preached on the need to understand the Four Noble Truths, and then preached about the Precepts, Concentration, Wisdom. He traveled with the monks and nuns to Nādika. Here, he preached about the liberation of a monk and about Gender, Concentration, Wisdom. Arriving in Vesali, he dwelt in the garden of the female Ambapala and talked about the Precepts, Concentration, Wisdom.

"Ananda, what is the monk's wish for me?" Ananda, I have preached the dharma without distinction of the form or the secret. If you can think that "I will lead the Sangha" or "Sangha depends on me", then he needs to introduce the related to the Sangha. So Ananda, as the future is old, already many years old, the journey of Tathagata is about to end, Tathagata has reached the end of the month because Tathagata has eight a decade old.

"Therefore, Ananda, be your lamp for yourself, be your refuge, refrain yourself outside of yourself." A monk becomes a lamp to take refuge in himself life, consciousness, action, consciousness with the craving for the craving and sorrow of the human, and always effort, self-control and mindfulness. Do not learn so now, or after I have passed, the monk will reach the ultimate position. "

Then the Buddha into Vesali for alms and the Venerable Ananda to Capala. Sutra says that evil came to ask the Buddha to kill. He taught that he only extinct when the Dhamma was spread widely and firmly;then he asked Venerable Ananda had requested what, three times the Master Venerable Ananda asked but still do not understand. Devil again last Buddha's request, he accepted and told Venerable Ananda that he will enter the three months before the Great Nirvana. Then Venerable Ananda pleaded with him not to kill, but he did not invoke his approval.

Buddha monks and disciples delegation to Kutagara here, he taught:

"Monks and nuns, now the methods that I realized and taught to you, you have to smartly learn, practice, practice and spread so that the virtue is permanent, for happiness for sentient beings, for the good of life, for the good, for the happiness, for the peace for God and for him. "

The Buddha explained more of these are Four Noble Truths, Four Noble Truths, Four As Mindfulness, Five Mindfulness, Five Power, Seven Enlightenment and Eight Noble Truths, commonly referred to as Thirty-seven benefactors. He instructed:

"Monks, this is my message to you: the onions are impermanent, be diligent to liberate yourself."

The Buddha continued to beg in Vesali, then he went to Bhandagama lecture about Gender, Concentration, Wisdom. He continued his journey with the monks to Hatthigma, Ambagma, Bhoganagara; In Bhoganagara, he taught:

"Monks, there may be monks say: Sensei, I myself heard from the mouth of the Buddha, the life itself is the French, so is the law, so is the teachings of step The monks, you should not praise, should not destroy the words of the monk.No praise, do not destroy the words of each sentence, but need to study thoroughly and When compared to the Law, when compared to the Law, if they do not conform to the Sutra, not corresponding to the Law, you can conclude: "Surely these words It is not the word of the Blessed One, and that bhikkhu has wrongly assumed the teaching, "and that the monks should abandon them. When compared with the Sutra, bring back the Law and if they fit Kinh, respectively v i Law, then he can conclude: "

The Buddha and the Bhikkhu delegation to Pàvà, residing in the mango garden of the blacksmith Cunda. Here the Buddha was poisoned by the ear mite at dinner that Cunda offered. He was devastated, but then he recovered the illness. To Kusinara, he taught the Dharma to Pukkusa of the Malla tribe. He continued to go to the Kakutta River, He bathed the river and then the mound across the river. He continued to walk and take every step of the way, eventually reaching the Himmavati River in Kisunara. He went to the Sàla Forest in the Malla tribe, and told Phra Ananda to lay his place between the two Sàla trees, heading towards the North,

"Ananda, please achieve the right and legal Dharma, living right in the Dharma and practice correct Dharma."

Next, he told the four relics need to contemplate: 1) where Buddha was born; 2) where the Buddha attained enlightenment; 3) Where the Buddha Dharma turn; 4) The place of the Buddha. He also taught Ananda to keep his mind, to show a serious attitude towards women, and to instruct him to distribute relics. He urged:

"Ananda, be diligent, toward self, to live without direction, to concentrate on self-determination."

Sun Ananda found himself not yet enlightened, see the Master is about to enter the kill, sadly went to the door to cry on the door crying. The Buddha called for the Buddha to address and lecture on Impermanence, admonish and praise the author and teach soon that the proof will prove the results of fraud. Then he taught the author to tell the Malla people that tonight the Buddha would pass away.Then he was the degree of the subbada to the Bhikkhuni ordained. This is the last Bhikkhu-bhikkhu who was ordained by the Buddha to join the Church during his time in the world (later, Subbada was attained by Arahant).

He turned to Ananda, who taught:

"Hey Ananda, if some of you think," The words of the Master are gone, we no longer have the Teacher. "Ananda, do not have such thoughts. The law I taught and presented, after I passed away, that law and law would be your Master. "

The Buddha also asked three times to see whether Ananda still has something to ask again. Then he taught:

"This is Ananda, in the five hundred monks, the lowest one who has attained the conception, no longer falls, surely towards liberation."

And this is the last teaching of the Buddha:

"Monks, I now advise you:" Comprehensive dharmas are impermanent, be diligent, do not have liberty! "

Then the Buddha entered the first meditation; Introduction of meditation, second entry meditation;second jhāna, enter the third jhāna; The third meditation, enter the fourth meditation; quartet meditation, enter non-boundary origin; No boundless country, enter the boundless country; Existence of the boundless country, enter the country of origin; Indigenous origin, imported non-ideological origin; non-thinking non-ideal, non-native land; Indigenous origin, import Consciousness boundless country; The country is boundless, enter the country is not boundless; No boundless country, enter the four meditations; quartet meditation, enter the third meditation; The third meditation, enter the second meditation; Second, meditation, meditation; Introduction of meditation, second entry meditation;second jhāna, enter the third jhāna; The third meditation, enter the fourth meditation; The fourth jhàna immediately he passed,

Thus, the Buddha entered meditation freely in the realms of Sacred and Infinite, in order to finally attain Nibbana through the Four Meditations.

Through the sutras, we see the Buddha repeatedly emphasizing the importance of the Three Teachings (Precepts, Precepts, Tears) to one of His disciples. His teachings have been imparted, taught in a concrete, clear way. To carry out the dharma in order to attain ultimate enlightenment like him, the monk must learn to understand, to understand it simultaneously, to maintain the bases by preserving the precepts. The Law and the Law are reminiscent of the Teacher as a measure of the value of all opinions, views, actions, from which point out where the leg, where is false. The spirit of respect for the Fa and the Law is primary, but not a dogmatic respect for religion. Therefore, insight is promoted by the practice of meditation, which illuminates the meditator. The light that comes from the practitioner himself is the meaning of "self is the lamp, the refuge for oneself."

Self-study, self-reliance, self-reliance, leading to the achievement of holy fruits as all five hundred monks around the Buddha when he was about to enter Nirvana. The introduction of these five hundred bhikkhus is the Buddha's encouraging words to his disciples and a proof of the success of the Sangha of the Buddha. He also taught that the Dhamma should be widely disseminated for the benefit of sentient beings, due to the infinite compassion of the Buddha disciple. His last teaching:  "Monks, I now advise you: conditioned things, be diligent, do not have the means"  is the deep message of the Great Teacher, It must be done for those who want to be free from suffering, especially for monks.

In the forty-five years of the Sangha has been formed, growing constantly, bearing some of the basic features below.

Sangha is a body founded by the Buddha to educate and train him during his first turn of the Dharma in Baranasi until he entered Nirvana at Kusinara. .

2. Sangha includes all old, young, male, female, all levels from king mandarin, from religious to foreigners ... living equality, pure, in the teachings of the Buddha.

3. Increase-old practice of gender, concentration, Tue became a strong group, causing great influence among the masses, including many who achieved holy fruit compared to other congregations and Buddhist monks later.

4. Sangha includes monks who leave their families, are single, poor, keep alms; In addition to food, clothing and a few essential things, nobody has any personal possessions.

5. Sangha is organized, strict discipline based on the spirit of self-conscious, pure, harmony and non-violence.

6. Sang-old policy of self-liberation is the main, and close contact with society to propagate the Dharma, express the spirit of forgiveness.

7. Sangha is strongly supported by the government and by the masses, especially by many lay followers who are devoted to Buddhism.

8. Sangha has created the characteristics of thought, culture, ethics, in society.

9. Sangha is full of sense of the fullness of the Three Jewels.

Coming here, I also need to discuss the spirit of harmony, pure in the Sangha. This spirit strongly influenced the practice, the prosperity of the Sangha and of the Buddha.

Purification is the purity, purity of the soul by the practice of the monks, related to the development of wisdom leads to ultimate liberation. Harmony is gentle attitude, to communicate with people, it is the spirit of compassion, compassion, love for peace, non-violence. This spirit is expressed by the principle of saturation in the common life of the Sangha community:

1. Harmonization of fellow initiates (harmonious in the same way); 
2. Homosexuality resolution (the same place to know, exchange complementary to Buddhism); 
3. Benefit the army (equally divided items available); 
4. Harmony of co-residence (co-living with each other, glasses). 
5. Inverted harmony (soft words, agreeable, not controversial); 
6. Harmony agreement (meaning four harmony, not contrary to each other, happy living together).

Even during the Buddha's time, cases of violating the precepts were not the least, especially when the Sangha became abundant in quality, causing the Patimokkha to be extended by many precepts. Prohibition of recidivism. The Desolation of the Sutra I told a story of a brahmin to worship the Buddha and raised public opinion in his grandchildren that: "Previously the monks have less, but in it many queer people, many Today, many monks are less senior, less magic powers. The Buddha explained by dividing the three kinds of divine powers, the god knows the mind of others, and the divine knowledge. He teaches the most important, most beneficial, and most of his disciples are the god of education, their capacity of them. This is a delicate and practical answer. However, the opinion that the Brahmin mentioned is also a fact. Indeed, when the congregation is crowded, there is less realization, which is unmistakable, for then the unity of enlightenment is hardly possible. The great achievement in spreading the Dharma, creating a great body is a good place to meet people who are trying to free themselves from suffering. Ideally, one should not ideologically assume that life with incomplete human beings is probing for the ultimate. Thus, the law records many cases of breaking rules, many monks rotten, deceiving, slander, greed, controversy, causing each other ... Even Buddha has silently gone They go to the jungle to calm down and warn the group of pure and harmless students.

Another case to note is the case of Bhikkhu Devadatta (Devadatta), the rotten disciple, causing the most distractions for the Buddha and the Sangha. Devadatta joined the congregation at the same time as many other princes, when the Buddha returned to Kapilavatthu for the first time after attaining the title. Being the cousin of the Buddha, he proved to be diligent practice should be respected many people, but when he was rotten old man, want to replace the Buddhist leader Sangha. He urged King Ajatasatu to take over the throne of King Bimbisara, and to incite the King to harm the Buddha. Once King Ajatasattu followed the temptation to the archers ambushed to shoot the Buddha, but by the power of the Sun, the archers did not carry out the plot. Devadatta himself pushed a large stone to hit the Buddha, but only a small piece of stone hit his feet. Another time,

Eventually Devadatta, along with six monks, demanded a revision of the precepts, claiming that the Buddha lived in luxury, not keeping up with the monk's righteous conduct. The incident also attracted a thousand monks to Devadatta, almost a second church was established. However, the virtue of the Buddha is still bright, and due to the efforts of two Sunnis Sariputta and Moggallana, the devotees returned to submission and Devadatta was alienated, isolated, lonely, distressed. . When it came to regret, Devadatta attempted to sin with the Buddha, but risked his death while bathing in a pond.

The above mentioned reminds us that no matter how close an organization is, no matter how many good members there are ... there are no bad elements, no obstacles. But with the noble presence of the Buddha, obstacles are quickly resolved. But later on, the problem is not so easy, so the practice of meditation, the precepts, the Yogyakarta tradition of the Sangha, the vigilance must always be at the top in the increase. -old.

Sangha of the Buddha in the context of favorable conditions and historical significance, is the complete Sangha, the best performance ever. Compassionate dharmas, according to the Buddha's teachings, are conditioned, which is impermanent, so inevitably transforming according to circumstances, over time. The Buddha appeared in life, giving the message of salvation is a great charm, he is the medicine of the disease of the suffering, suffering sickness, samsara.

The Buddha himself is not a scientist, a philosopher. What he teaches is practical, depending on the basis of beings in the time of society, the circumstances of each individual. He used philosophical systems of thought, including the beliefs of the masses of the time, including many things that he did not quite approve of, and how to lead people along the paths he revealed. His teaching is so flexible, that in many cases seem outwardly contradictory. The law that he poses is also dependent on contemporary circumstances, of course, some of them need to be changed and a few may need to be added to suit the new situation. The spirit of preserving the rules always needs to be praised, but it is not the attachment of the content or the word - of each precept. Therefore, the view that only the original precepts, the invariant, that view seems to be contrary to the spirit of selflessness, disobedience of the Buddha's teachings. But, the discarded, arbitrary change of the rules is that it is sloppy, let loose and rotten loss.

The Buddha's teachings have been described as "the finger of the moon". It is very practical, very precious but nonetheless still very useful. And so, the controversy over the teachings after the Buddha's birth still exists. Three months after Lord Buddha's passing away, Venerable Maha Kassapa (Great Ca-lettuce), the chief disciple of the Buddha in place of the Sangha leader, opened the first convening conference near Ragagaha. Venerable Ananda re-read the Buddha's teachings, Venerable Upàli read the Vinaya, as the basis for the Tripitaka later. There have been conflicts about the Sutra, the Law and the Commentary, and some argue that some of the Arahants who did not attend the conference remembered that some of the Sutras were not exactly like Ananda. and upàli read again. Then, the more the Buddhist later divided into many sects, and until the fourth chapter, about six centuries later,

Except for a few additional reasons, the main reason for dividing the sect from a different point of view is that of some of the meanings of the doctrine and practice. The more and more of this volume, the teachings of the Buddha was analyzed, was deployed very well. The philosophical spirit, the discussion has enriched the culture of Buddhist thought, but it may well have gone away from the practical nature of liberation from the suffering of the Buddha. First of all, Buddhism has become a ontology, psychology, phenomenology, cosmology ... Starting from the emergence of the Apostolic Pharisee, Commentaries, all the commentators have shown that you are the big brain, the analysis of these have helped the learners; But, one learns the dharma must be a practitioner, and indeed there is deep knowledge,

Because of the impermanence of conditioned things, the changes in the method of cultivation, both in terms of certain Buddhist meanings, are unlikely, and of course, there are some changes in the Sangha. space and space. Since the Buddha's entry into Nibbana, since the dissolution of the sects, the cases of monks have become increasingly rare. Ethically speaking, this is due to the instability in the organization of material and spiritual life in society, and of course the Sangha (and this is the reason specific, most practical).

One point to emphasize is that the spirit of precepts in the real Sangha is not uniform yet. This refers only to the spirit of precepts, not to mention the specific content of precepts, the procedures of the Governor of Nottingham has not been applied thoroughly, the teaching, exchange of Gender, Concentration, wisdom Traditional, harmonious, pure, not clearly in the Sangha, there is no harmony between the general and the individual of the Sangha in residence, school, local with the Sang- old age of four ...

Realization must be the tradition of Sangha, the rise of insight, spirituality must be the tradition of the Sangha. If not, then on the surface meaning, monks and laypeople are different?

The Three Jewels is the general of all things. The Triple Jewel is in a monk, in a monk, in a Buddhist layman and also in a non-Buddhist. The desire to build a peaceful and peaceful life, to reduce suffering is the common will of all sentient beings. In order to carry out this vow, in order to carry out the saving message of the Buddha, the Sangha himself, himself, must be a pioneer in action and in his attainment.END=NAM MO SAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY=THICH CHAN TANH.THE MIND OF ENLIGHTENMENT.VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=GOLDEN LOTUS MONASTERY=AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.28/8/2018.