The Sutra on Turning the Wheel of Law was the first sermon of Shakyamuni Buddha after he attained enlightenment. He preached this sutta to five ascetic fellow practitioners with him formerly Kondanna (Chinese transliteration as Kieu Tran Nhu), Bhaddiya, Vappa, Mahanama, Asaji at Deer Park. This discourse is recorded in the Samyutta Nikaya, volume V (Pali edition, p.420). The title of the Sutra in Pali is Dhamma-Cakka-Pavattana Sutta, in Sanskrit it is Dharma-Cakra-Pravartana Sutra. The Chinese translate it as Zhuan Falun. Dhamma means (Buddha) Dharma, the teaching of the Buddha. Cakka means wheel, round plate. Pavattana means circular prism. The Sutta is the Sutra. In Sino-Vietnamese, Falun (法 輪): Wheel means wheel, Falun means wheel (Buddha) Dharma (Anh. Dharma Wheel). In English, the title of the Sutra has many different translations: -The Setting in Motion of the Wheel of the Dharma Sutra. -Discourse on Turning the Wheel of Truth. -Discourse on Turning the Wheel of the Dharma. There have been many translations of the "Sutra Turning the Law Wheel" into Chinese, Vietnamese, English, French, etc., posted on the Internet. In order to help readers recognize the circuit passages of the Zhuan Falun, we have divided this sutta into several paragraphs with subtitles. I.-Introduction I heard this: At one time, Shakyamuni Buddha was living in the Deer Park, Isipatana (now Sarnath), near Benares. II.-Body II.A. - The middle way: The Buddha called the 5 monks who were living there, who had been his ascetic companions before, and said: "O monks! There are two extremes (Sa. Antu, Anh. Extreme) that monastics must avoid: The first is to indulge in sensual pleasures. That is cowardly, profane, and useless. -The second is to follow the way of austerity (harsh austerity). It is painful and useless. Please give up those two extremes. The Tathagata (Tathagata, the Buddha often used this term to refer to himself) understood that the Middle Way (Pa. Majjhima patipada, English. Middle way, Vietnamese-Chinese. Middle Way) transcends those two extremes, that is, not favoring one side too much that the Tathagata has applied to develop vision, clear understanding, move towards peace (Pa. vupasamaya, Anh. peace) leading to wisdom (Pa. abhinnaya, Anh knowlegde), enlightenment (Pa. sambodhaya, UK. enlightenment/awaking) and nirvana (Pa. nibbana, Sa. Nirvana) or the path to end suffering. II.B. – The Noble Eightfold Path: O monks! What is the practice according to the Middle Way that the Tathagata has realized is the practice to develop vision, knowledge, leading to peace, sublime wisdom, enlightenment and Nirvana? – It is the Eightfold Path (*1) (Chinese-Vietnamese. 八正道, Sa. Ārya 'ṣṭāṅga mārgaḥ, Pi. Ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo, English. Eightfold path). The Eightfold Path is a path with eight branches: 1.-Right View (正見, Pa. Samma ditthi, Anh. Right view), 2.-Right Thought (正思唯, Pa. Samma sathkappa, English. Right intention), 3.-Right speech ( 正語 , Pa. Samma vaca, English. Right speech), 4.-Right action (. 正業 , Pa. Samma kammanta, English. Right action), 5.- Right Livehood (正 命, Pa. Samma ajiva, Anh. Right Livehood), 6.- Righteous Effort (正 精進, Pa. Samma Vayama, Anh. Right Effort), 7.- Right Mindfulness (正念, Pa. Samma sati , Brother Mindfulness), 8.- Right Concentration (正定, Pa. Samma Samadhi, Anh. Chanh Concentration). II.C. – The Four Noble Truths (四妙諦, Sa. Catvāry āryasatyāni, Pi. cattāri ariya-saccāni, England. Four Noble Truths), are the four noble truths; Also called the Four Holy Truths (四聖諦, Four Holy Truths). This is the focus of this Dharma talk. 1. The Truth of Suffering, Bhikkhus! Now the Tathagata preaches the Noble Truth of Suffering (Pa. Duḥkhā ryasatya, Anh.the Noble truth of Suffering): Birth is the union of the Five Aggregates(*2) (Sa. Pañcaskandha, Pa. Pancu-padanakkhandha) , England Five Aggregates), is suffering; Aging is suffering, sickness is suffering, death/death is the dissolution of the Five Aggregates, which is suffering. Sadness, anxiety, failure, mental confusion are suffering. Living with people you don't like is suffering, being away from loved ones is suffering, wanting and not having is suffering. In other words, having five psycho-physical condition groups is suffering, because the five aggregates are impermanent, constantly changing. 2. The Truth: Hey Bhikkhus! This is the Noble Truth of the cause of suffering (Pa.Dukkha samudaya ariya sacca, England. Noble Truth of the cause): It is the desire to be reborn, the indulgence in sensual pleasures, that is, the desire to sink. indulged in lustful pleasure, longing for things to last forever, lust in the mind that after death there is nothing left; that is the cause of suffering. 3. Destruction: Hey monks! This is the Noble Truth of Ending Suffering (Pa. Dukkha-nirodha-ariya Sacca, UK. Noble Truth of Ending Suffering). It is the cessation of desire, not regret. 4. Dao Emperor: Hey monks! This is the Noble Truth of the way leading to the cessation of suffering (Pa. Dukkha nirodhaga-mini-patipada –ariya-sacca, Anh. Noble Truth of the way leading to the cessation of suffering). That is the Noble Eightfold Path. II.D. – Three Zhuan Falun(*3), Twelve Actions (*4): to help the 5 Bhikkhus understand the Four Noble Truths, the Buddha performed "three turning the wheel of Dharma" for each Truth. There are 4 Truths, so there are 12 elements, the Chinese call it the Twelve Elements (3 transitions x 4 Emperors = 12 elements). 1. These are the three turnings of the Dharma wheel of the Truth of Suffering: Thi Chuan: Hey monks! The Truth of Suffering [the truth about suffering: afflictions, samsara...] is a dharma that the Tathagata has never heard or understood before. b. Encouragement: Hey Bhikkhus! You should know this Truth of Suffering. c.Testimonials: Hey monks! The Tathagata has experienced this Truth of Suffering. So vision, knowing, understanding, wisdom knowing, true understanding and light (seeing, understanding, wisdom, true knowledge and light) have arisen to the Tathagata. [light here can be understood as "eliminating ignorance"] 2. These are the 3 turnings of the Dharma wheel of the Noble Truths: a.Thi turning: Hey, the Bhikkhus! The Truth of Suffering [the truth about the causes of suffering, afflictions, and samsara] is a dharma that the Tathagata has never heard or understood before. b. Encouragement: Hey monks! You should recognize the causes of suffering: The Truth of Suffering. c.Testimonials: Hey monks! The Tathagata has experienced this Truth of Suffering. So vision, knowing, understanding, wisdom knowing, true understanding and light have arisen to the Tathagata. 3. These are the 3 turnings of the Dharma wheel of the Emperor: a.Thi turning: Hey monks! The Truth of the Cessation of Suffering [the truth about having to eliminate suffering in order to attain peace, purity, happiness and enlightenment] is a dharma that the Tathagata has never heard or understood before. b. Encouragement: Hey monks! You should recognize the need to get rid of and destroy suffering: the Noble Truth of Suffering. c.Testimonials: Hey monks! The Tathagata experienced the decision to destroy suffering: the Truth of the Cessation of Suffering. So vision, knowing, understanding, wisdom knowing, true understanding and light have arisen to the Tathagata. 4. These are the 3 turnings of the Dharma wheel of the Cessation of Suffering (the Eightfold Path): a.Thi turning: Hey monks! The Noble Truth of the Cessation of Suffering (=The Eightfold Path) [8 paths with 8 branches leading to the cessation of suffering] is a dharma that the Tathagata has never heard or understood before. b. Encouragement: Hey monks! Teachers should recognize the Noble Truth of the Cessation of Suffering to help lead to the cessation of suffering. c.Testimonials: Hey monks! The Tathagata has experimented with the "Eightfold Path". When the Noble Truth of the Cessation of Suffering was realized and to be developed, vision, understanding, knowing, knowing wisdom, true understanding, and light arose to the Tathagata. After the end of the "three turnings of the Dharma wheel" (Pa. tiparivă, Anh. three stages/ phases) - the twelve elements (Pa. dvadasakara, England. twelve aspects), Shakyamuni Buddha continued: Hey monks ! If the Tathagata has not fully grasped the Four Noble Truths in terms of three stages/phases and twelve twelve aspects in a completely clear manner, the Tathagata has not confirmed this fact. This world before this world includes both the Gods (Gods), Maras (Maras), Brahmas (Brahmas), Taoists (Recluses), Brahmins, Humans (Humans) and animals that the Tathagata has attained Supreme Enlightenment (Pa. Anuttara Samma Sambodhi, England. The highest Awakening). Hey Bhikkhus! until the Tathagata thoroughly understands and understands of the Four Noble Truths/Four Holy Truths, in three stages and twelve aspects. Only then will the Tathagata confirm in front of this world that there are gods (Gods), Maras (Maras), Brahmas (Brahmas), Taoists (Recluses), and Brahmin priests. Brahmans), Humans and some-One that the Tathagata has attained Unsurpassed Perfect Enlightenment. And that at that time knowledge and vision arise, the Tathagata's mind is liberated and unshakable. This is the last life of the Tathagata, the Tathagata will never be reborn again. III. Conclusion: The Buddha finished teaching, the 5 Bhikkhus felt joy in their hearts. Mr. Kondanna when he heard the Four Noble Truths preached, he immediately realized the pure eye of Dhamma (Pa. Dhamma Cakkhu, Anh. Pure eye of Dhamma); and he realized that "Everything is of a nature to arise is likewise of a nature to cease". When the Buddha turned the wheel of the Dharma, the gods on this planet cheered, "This Falun is truly wonderful! There is no Falun more sublime than this Falun. There are no gods, Maras, Brahmas, Taoists, or Brahmin priests in the world who can preach as the Buddha taught at the Deer Park in the village of Isipatana, near the city of Benares.” Hearing the words of praise just above, the gods in the heavens of the Four Great-Thien-Kings (Catum-Maha-Rajika, England. Four Kings) and so on also cheered in unison: "At the Deer Park, in the village. Isipatana, near Benares, the ultimate Dharma-turning wheel was preached by the Buddha." and they turned their backs on the gods, the Maras, the Brahmas, the Taoists, the Brahmin priests, and anyone else in the world. They will turn to the Buddha. In that moment, the resounding cheers shook violently, and in the blink of an eye, all 10,000 worlds in the Brahma realm were shaken. A light infinitely brighter than all the rays of the gods has shone on the earth. The Buddha immediately said: "Kondanna is indeed enlightened! Kondanna is indeed enlightened! From then on Kondanna was called Annata Kondanna, which means "Kondanna who is enlightened". Samyutta Nikaya (The Pali Canon), volume V, page 420. * - * - * In the Vinaya Pitaka there is a place where it is said that Kondanna requested the Buddha to let him be a disciple of the Buddha, the Buddha accepted. favorable. Kondanna was the first ordained monk, the Sangha (Sangha, Community of Monks & Nuns) was established from there, followed by the other four bhikkhus who also joined the Sangha and they in turn attained Arahantship. * - * - * Note: (*1) Eightfold Path: the path has 8 branches (eightfold) as follows: 1. Right View: A person with right view is someone who understands the 4 Noble Truths. A person with right view is one who understands things according to: - the real form is impermanent, the real entity is not-self, the true nature of dependent origination means that everything is connected, all dependent on each other for existence. A person with right view is one who understands that every action has an effect: death is not the end, actions and beliefs have consequences after death. 2. Right thinking: means all thoughts/thoughts are based on the 4 Noble Truths, based on the Dharma: impermanence, suffering, and no-self. 3. Right speech: means that words must be gentle, ethical, honest/not lying, not double-tongued, not frivolous. 4. Right career: means the act of giving up evil, giving up hurting others, acting to help others benefit, be happy, and also help yourself to benefit and be happy. 5. Right Livelihood: means living by occupations that do not offend the lives and properties of others. 6. Right effort: means diligently doing good, trying to avoid all evil. 7. Mindfulness: means always remember, think of the good, and think of the evil that should be avoided. 8. Right concentration: it means always keeping the mind unmoved, between the mind is pure, calm, and focused on the good. (*2) Five aggregates: Five aggregates (五蘊, Sa. pañca-skandha, Pa. pañca-khandha, Anh. five aggregates་), also known as Five warms (五陰), pañca is 5 ; skandha is group, The Chinese translate as aggregate means accumulation, which is (things, things) that are contained in the same group. The five aggregates are five groups of factors that combine to form a person: – The physical part has a shape called 1. The aggregate of form; - The psychological part has no shape, including 4 groups, called: 2. Long life aggregate, 3.Imagination aggregates, 4. Action aggregates and 5. Consciousness aggregates. (See also the article Five Aggregates of NVT). (*3) Three phases (Pa. tipariva, England. three phases/stages) Dharma wheel: Buddha taught “each Noble Truth” by going through 3 stages to help 5 Bhikkhus understand and fully implement it. complete each Noble Truth: 1. Transition: this is the stage of recognition (recognition), understanding of "every Noble Truth" that (now) the Buddha saw clearly, (before, before enlightenment, the Buddha) not clear). He clarified to the 5 bhikkhus the awareness of the presence of Suffering, the journey to find out the cause, the determination to eliminate suffering, and the path to the cessation of suffering. 2. Encouragement: this is the stage of encouragement (encouragement) to learn about "every Noble Truth", the Buddha encouraged the 5 Bhikkhus to learn about suffering, its causes, and decide to eliminate suffering. pain, and the way to eliminate suffering. 3. Testimony: this is the stage of realization, the Buddha gives evidence that he has experienced and performed "every Noble Truth", so the 5 Bhikkhus need to perform these "each Noble Truth". . In short, after realizing each (or 4) Noble Truth, one must understand each (or 4) Noble Truth, and then complete the realization of each (or 4) Noble Truth. And thus the bhikkhus are liberated from suffering. (*4) Twelve aspects (Pa. dvadasakara, Anh. twelve aspects): The Buddha performed the "three turnings of the Dharma wheel" for each Noble Truth (each marvelous truth). There are 4 Noble Truths (4 wonderful truths), so there are 12 elements, the Chinese call it the Twelve Elements (3 transitions x 4 Noble Truths = 12 elements). Lessons from Shakyamuni Buddha's "Sutta of Zhuan Falun". The first sermon of the historical Buddha taught us the following: 1.-The path in the middle The Buddha affirmed to the five ascetic fellow monks with him before that: "The Buddha is the same. To this bhikkhu, it is not beneficial to be attached to sensual pleasures, but the Buddha added that attachment to austerity is also not beneficial" and then the Buddha offered the solution: "Avoid both two extremes, and choose the path in between these two extremes to be led to enlightenment.” When he was the Crown Prince, he experienced the royal life, enjoyed sensual pleasures, lavished feasts, and danced and sang day and night, had enough servants. The future was also given the throne by his father..., but he was "enlightened" that attachment to sensual pleasures is mundane, has no benefit, cannot last forever. Then, in the first step of his monastic life, he experienced the life of a monk in an austere way, but his body gradually weakened so his spirit was not clear, and then he "enlightened" that austerity is also of no benefit. That's why he chose the "way between" these two extremes. 2.-Four Noble Truths: The heart of the Dhammapada is the Buddha's teaching on the Four Noble Truths (Sa. catvāri āryasatyāni; Pa. cattāri ariyasaccāni, Four Noble Truths), also translated by Chinese masters as the Four Noble Truths. The Four Holy Truths: 1.-The truth of suffering (dukkha, Sa. Duhkha, the truth of suffering) is the truth of suffering: this life is full of suffering. The Chinese masters translate dukkha as suffering, dukkha also has a broad meaning as dissatisfaction, stress, etc. 2.-samudaya dukkha, the cause of suffering : the cause of suffering is delusion and clinging to things impermanent. 3.-Nirodha dukkha, the cessation of suffering: it is necessary to eliminate delusions and give up clinging to impermanent things. 4.-The path to the cessation of suffering = the Noble Eightfold Path (magga dukkha, the path to the cessation of suffering = the Noble Eightfold Path) is “the path with 8 branches” = the Noble Eightfold Path, this is the way to eliminate clinging to the Noble Eightfold Path. Things are impermanent, and thus rebirth and suffering will cease. 3.-The Eightfold Path (shortly presented in the footnote. You can read more about NVT's articles on the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path) 4.- Five aggregates: 5 groups of factors combine to form a person. : 1. The aggregates of color, 2. The aggregate of life, 3. The aggregate of perception, 4. The aggregate of action and 5. The aggregate of consciousness. The "aggregates" are linked together, depending on each other to exist, when disbanded, the person is no longer alive. (presented briefly in the footnote. You can also see NVT's article Five Aggregates). The Buddha said that "the five aggregates" are constantly changing, the five aggregates are impermanent, so the five aggregates are suffering. 5.-Impermanence: Mr. Kondanna understood the teaching of Shakyamuni Buddha about the philosophy of impermanence (impermanence) when Kondanna said: "What has been born must have to die". You can also see NVT's article Five Aggregates). The Buddha said that "the five aggregates" are constantly changing, the five aggregates are impermanent, so the five aggregates are suffering. 5.-Impermanence: Mr. Kondanna understood the teaching of Shakyamuni Buddha about the philosophy of impermanence (impermanence) when Kondanna said: "What has been born must have to die". You can also see NVT's article on the Five Aggregates). The Buddha said that "the five aggregates" are constantly changing, the five aggregates are impermanent, so the five aggregates are suffering. 5.-Impermanence: Mr. Kondanna understood the teaching of Shakyamuni Buddha about the philosophy of impermanence (impermanence) when Kondanna said: "What has been born must have to die.END=NAMO SHAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).GOLDEN AMITABHA MONASTERY=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=THICH CHAN TANH.AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.25/6/2021.VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=THICH CHAN TANH.