NOTES TO PEOPLE AND OLD

PARAMATTHAJOTIKA
MAHĀ ABHIDHAMMAMATTHA
SAṆGAHAṬĪKĀ.VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=THICH CHAN TANH.

---

Chapter IV: Book I

ANUSANDHI and PATINNAṂ

1- Vīthicittavasenevaṃ pavattiyanudīrito
Pavattisaṅgaho nāma sandhiyaṃ dāni vuccati.
In Pariccheda The fourth chapter I presented the process flow of the mind with the force of the v tâmthi-cittas in the ordinary-day, now I will present the process flow of vithīmuttacitta in the time of renewing.
MĀTIKĀCATUKA
2- Cattasso bhūmiyo catubbidhā paṭisandhi cattāri kammāni catudhā maraṇ uppatti ceti vithimuttasaṅgahe cattāri catukkāni veditabbāni.
In Vithīmuttasaṅgaha it is necessary to know the group of 4 types: Bhūmicatukka, Paṭisandhicatukka, Kammacatukka, Maraṇ upppatticatukka.
BHŪMICATUKKA EXHIBITION
PRESENTATION 4
QUADS 3 - Tattha apāyabhūmi kāmasugatibhuumi rūpāvaccarabhūmi arūpāvacarabhūmi arūpāvacarabhūmi ceti catasso bhūmiyo nāma.
In 4 types, called 4 realms. Ie realms of suffering, realms of fun, Sex-world, Sac-gender, Real-world-gender identity.
11 EXCITING TALKS
ABOUT 4
PADS - 4 Tāsu nirayo tiracchānayoni pettivisayo anurakāyo ceti Apāyabhūmi catubhidhā hoti.
In the group of 4 realms, there are 4 realms of suffering: hell, Bang, Peta and Atula.
SAY ABOUT THE 7 SEXY PLEASURE ABOUT
5- Manussā cātumahārājikā tāvatiṃsā Yāmā tusitā nimmānarati paranimmitavasaratti ceti kāmasugatibhuumi sattavidhā hoti.
Sex-world realms have 7 realms are: Human-human realm, Four-Dai-Thien-king, Dao-profit realm, Da-ma realm, Dau-export realm, Hoa-Lac-Thien realm, Tha-chemical realm- self-at.
TALKING ABOUT 11 EDUCATIONS
6- Sāpanāyamekadasavidhāpi kāmāvaccarabhūmicceva saṅkhaṃ gacchati .. 11 realms as presented, are considered to be the realms of education-world.
SAY ABOUT 16
QUESTIONS 7- Brahmapārisajjā brahmapurohitā mahābrahmāceti pathamajjhānabhūmi: the realm of Brahma, Brahma-Brahma, the Brahma-Brahma and Brahma. These three realms are the realms of meditation.
8- Parittābhā appamānābhā abhassarā ceti dutiyajjhānabhūmi: the minimum-optical-Thien realm, infinite-optical-optical realm, realm Optical-negative-Thien. These three realms are the Second realm of meditation.
9- Parittābhā appamānābhā subhakiṅhā ceti dutiyajjhānabhūmi: Realms of Pure-Pure Land-Heaven, Realms of Infinite-Pure-Nature-Land, Variable-Pure-Heaven. These three realms are Tam-meditation realms.
10- Vehapphalā asaññasattā suddhāvāsā ceti catutthajjhaanabhūmīti rūpāvaccarabhūmi solasavidhā hoti:
Realms of Quang-fruits, Realms of Impermanence, Five-net-settling-Thien. All 7 realms are realms of meditation. Total into 16 realms Sac-world.
TALK ABOUT 5 QUESTIONS
11- Avihā atappā sudassā sudassī akaniṭṭhā ceti suddhāvāsabhūmi pañcavidhā hoti: 5 Pure Land-residence: Infinite-bothering, Infinite-heat, Good-present, Good-seeing and Sac-saving-wing. Together into 5 realms.
SAYING ABOUT THE 4
BEADINGS 12- Ākāsānañcāyatanabhumi viññānañcāyatanabhūmi ākiñcaññāyatanabhūmi nevasaññāyatanabhūmi ceti arūpabhūmi catubbidhā hoti.
The infinite realm has 4 realms: the non-boundless realm, the realm of the infinite-infinite realm, the non-possessive realm, and the non-infinite realm of non-idealistic origin.
SPEAKING ON
DIFFERENTIAL DIVISION AND PERSON 13- Puthujjanā na labbhanti. Suddhāvāsesu sabbathā. Sotāpannā ca sakadā. Gāmino cāpi puggalā.
The ordinary people, the Project-saved and the Nhat-lai. These three classes cannot be born in the Five-net-realms.
14- Ariyā nophalabbhanti, asaññāpāyabhūmīsu sesaṭṭhānesu labbhanti, ariyā- nariyāpi ca: Eight Saints are not born in thoughtless realms and four realms of suffering. Remaining 21 realms are: 7 fun realms, 10 Realms and 4 Realms of Non-colors, whether Holy or mortal are born (according to appropriate).
Āsimettha bhūmicatukkaṃ: the above presentation is a group of 4 realms in Vithīmuttasaṅgaha.
TALKING ABOUT THE 4
DIABETES AND THE MULTIPLE OF HUMANITY Padaccheda, padasampandha, nacanattha and teaching in the four realms of suffering.
From Apāyabhūmi, when being extracted as follows: Apa + Aya + Bhūmi, gathered into Apāyabhūmi, where separation is called Apa, good karma is called Aya, and the refuge is called Bhūmi.
There is a sentence that defines (vacanattha).
Tivithasampattiyo ayanti gacchanti pavattanti etenāti = Ayo accomplishes all three types: Human touch, Heavenly touch, Níp-Touch often arising by 4 good karma. Therefore, this new career called Aya.
Ayato apagato = Apāyo where separating good karma (that is, where there is no condition for good karma practice) is called Apāya.
Bhavanti sattā etthāti = Bhūmi. Beings in that place, so that place is called Bhūmi.
Apāyo eva bhūmi = Apāyabhūmi.
Indeed, places where sentient beings do not have the opportunity to practice good karma, are called Apāyabhūmi. Apāyabhūmi has 4: hell realms, eagle realms, realms Devil, realms Atula. Next will present the four realms sequentially.
Padaccheda, padasampandha, vacanattha and the vast expanse of hell. From niraya, the extract is as follows: Ni + Aya, where Ni is a disclaimer, the translation is none, Aya translates as evolution or bliss, together it is Niraya. There is a definition (vacanattha) that:
1. Ayati vaḍḍhātīti = Ayo: peace, happiness often increases, so that happiness, peace is called Aya.
Another sentence is: Ayitabbo sāditabboti = Ayo. That peace, that happiness is desirable, so called It Aya.
2. Natthi ayo etthāti = Nirayo: peace, happiness does not exist in any realm, so the realm called Niraya.
THE HELL HELL IS
EIGHTED : 1. Hell Sañjiva.
2. Kā Kasutta hell.
3. Hell Saṅghāta.
4. Hell of Roruva.
5. Hell Mahā roruva.
6. Hell of Tāpana.
7. Hell Mahā tāpana
8. Hell Avīci.
Saṅghāta hell is also known as Dhūmaroruva (jālaroruva).
THE USSADA HELL HAS A FAMILY YEAR:
1. Gūtha Hell.
2. Kukakaḷa Hell.
3. Sipalīvana hell.
4. Hell Asipattavana.
5. Hell Vettaraṇī.
In every Hell there are 16 Ussada hells. So there are 128 Ussada hells (Da-miserable-hells).
The reason this number is 128, because calculated in four directions, each direction has ussada hell is 4, 16 hell multiplied by 8 hells into 128. If calculated in 8 directions, then each hell has 32 Ussada hell surrounded. 32 x 8 = 256.
In those five ussada hells, if you combine Asipatta and Vettaraṇī hells into one, you will get four vaults.
Here, the word ussada translates as there is much suffering, as there is a sentence that defines:
Ussīdanti nānādukhā etthāti = Ussada.
The sufferings are many in this hell realm. Therefore, this realm of hell is called Ussada. Ussada 128 hell tunnels Called Cūḷanaraka- minor hell as well.
POSITION OF EIGHT HORSE OF HELL

Eight hell tunnels are located below the human realm, facing the South-good-set-continent (jampūdīpa) connected to the surface of the earth. The surface of the planet that humanity is standing here has a thickness of 240,000 by weeks ( 1 by week = 16km.), the upper half is earth, often called Paṃsupaṭhavī 120,000 thick by week, the bottom half is called Silāpaṭhavī thick 120,000 by week. All eight hells are in the common ground, each cell is separated by 1,500 by the weeks listed in order. That is, from the face of the earth down to the first Hell, named Sañjīva about 1,500 due to the week, from the hell Sañjīva to the second largest hell Kāḷasutta about 1,500 by week, from Kāḷasutta to the third hell. is Saṇghāta about 1,500 due to the week. From the great Saṇghāta dynasty to the fourth hell called Roruva is about 1,500 due weeks. From the Roruva hell down to the fifth great hell called Mahāroruva about 1,500 by week, from the great Mahāroruva hell to the sixth great hell called Tāpana about 1,500 by week,

The reason for these eight hellish tunnels is below the globe as shown, is that when they reach 1,500 by the week, they become one basement (Umoṅga) in order.
The surface of the globe is 240,000 thick because this week, it is located on a 480,000-thick ice sheet by week, this ice sheet is on the 960,000-thick layer of wind every week, next to this wind moving into nothingness, called Heṭṭhima ajatākāsa (unreal infrastructure -has not downstairs) nowhere above from the realms of Phi-phi-phi-idea upwards Called Uparima ajatākāsa (upper-level nowhere-nowhere).
LOCATION OF USSADA
HELLS OF USSADA This ussada hell is the small hell tunnels located in the same place with the great hells also located along the mountains, oceans, rivers, small dīpa (continents) and desert islands. have.
STORY ABOUT YAMARĀJĀ and NIRAYAPĀLA
This king is the lord of the Vemànikā, sometimes also enjoy life, that is, he is in the palace, there is the Thien park, there are dancers surrounding the dance, sometimes suffering from feeling pain, is the fruit of karma is in that Hell. as in uparipaṇṇāsa aṭṭhakathā and Tikaṅguttara aṭṭhakathā, it is stated that:
Yamārājā nāma vemānikapetarājā ekasmiṃ kāle dibbavimāna dibbakappasukha dibba uyyāna dibbanāṭaka dibbasampattiṃ anubhavattikavika
Called the fruit of karma, that is, the result of akusala kamma, which is broadened as follows:
The God of this Vemànika was still in mankind who had often created unwholesome and unwholesome karma. After the par destiny was born in the Four-Heavenly realms, renewing by the mind of goodness and inhumane also, by having the duality of mind, there is also the mind of the three individuals, as are the gods of Vinipātika. force of good karma. That's why the god of the Vemānika group can be able to attain enlightenment. And in the ordinary time, sometimes feeling goodness of goodness, sometimes feeling goodness of goodness corresponding to the karma that you have created. The Lord of the Vemānika group attains Saints, the god of the Vemānika group will always enjoy the goodness of goodness, from the time of attainment of the Holy Path onwards. Please scholars should know that.
As in Uparipaṇṇāsa and Tikaṅguttaratīkā stated that:
Kammavipakanti akusalakammavipakam vemanikapeta hi kanhasukkavasena missakakammam katva vinipatikadevata viya sukkena kammuna patisandhim ganhanti tatha hi te maggaphalabhagino preferred rather pavattiyam kammanurupam pana kadaci punnaphalam kadaci apunnaphalam paccanubhavanti yesam maggadhigamata patthaya punnaphalameva datthabbam uppajjatiti.
In every great dungeon, there is not only one Pluto, but there are actually four at the four gates of the great hell, so there are 32 Pluto in total.
As in Upāripaṇṇāsa and Tikaṅguttaraṭīkā, it is stated that: Na cesa ekova hoti catūsu pana dvāresu cattāro janā honti.
In all 8 great hells, each cell has 4 doors, a total of 32 doors, in each door has 4 Unada hell tunnels, a total of 128 tunnels, each door has a Pluto, a total of 32 Hell King.
As in the Suttasaṅgaha commentary and the Devadūtasutta note, it says that:
Tattha ekekassa cattāri cattāri dāvāni honti ekasmiṃ dvāre cattāro cattāro ussadaniriyā ekeko ca yamarājā.
This group of Nirayapāla (guards) is not a hell being, because the rebirth of this group (nirayapāla-warden) arises because of akusala kamma, which is commensurate with the karma that leads to the realm of Niraya. Awarded that: this group of Niraya-guards has the birth of the Devil and is reborn by a kusala kamma which leads to birth in hell.
As in Kathāvatthu anuṭīkā and Uparipaṇṇāsaṭīkā, it is stated that: Anerayikā nirayapālā aniriyagati saṃvattayakammanibbattito niriyuppatti saṃvattaniyakammato hi aññeneva kammunā te nibbattanti rakkhasajātikattā.
If someone asks that the guards are not hellish beings, but why are they born in that hell realm? Because of the space in between, there is still life, there is joy with the brain harming or killing sentient beings such as hell beings. Award that: good karma mixed with Nikantitaṇhā, that is, the pleasure in brain harming sentient beings, capable of leading to rebirth in hell, even for having a body suitable for the execution of sentient beings hell. So this group of guards has a large, robust body, more powerful than the hell beings and manifests very aggressive appearance, capable of making the hell beings in fear, terror. , like crows and dogs. . . born in hell also has a terrifyingly large body.
Scholars should know according to Pali, in Kathavatthu anutika and Uparipannasatika stating that:
Gijjhapi kakapi kulatapati etepi yakkhagijjha CEVA yakkhakulala yakkhakaka ca ca pana gijjhadinam pakatikanam paccetabba apatampi nagacchati evarupam.
Talk about the five kinds of angels in Uparipaṇṇāsa of the Chief Tibetan and atthakathā.
All mankind living in this world, often with the wrong nature like people who live in good deeds, people who live in bad deeds, people with diverse nature, here are only four types of summaries commensurate with the practice of everyone:
1 Some people in this world like to do good deeds.
2. There are some people in this world who do good and evil at the same time.
3. There are some people in this world who are often more evil than good deeds.
4. There are a number of people in this world who only specialize in evil deeds.
All four classes of people, the first class in death often remember the good deeds that they did, so this person escapes from the four realms of suffering.
And the second class, if you do not remember to remember the good yourself, have your relatives remind you to remember the good deed done, can also help to get rid of misery. Except for that person, he / she does not remember the good deeds that he has done, nor are any relatives who reminded him but only sorrow or regret. With such a mood, he will not be able to escape misery.
As for the third class, by creating unwholesome karma by himself more than kusala kamma, it is difficult to think of good, except with the help of others, and this helper must be very skillful, he can escape from misery, if it is just ordinary help, he can not reside in goodness, then this person certainly falls into misery.
As for the fourth class, who often cannot escape from misery, except Duc Chanh-Dang-Giac, Thuong-Thinh-Van or Dai-Thinh-Van can help, and wants to receive help from them. then, he must have Kusala aparāpariyavedaniyakamma "karma has a lot of force, that is, the good karma that you often create in the past life".
If this person falls into Hell, then falls straight to hell, there is no chance to meet Pluto to interrogate.
And the second and third class, if they fall into hell, also have the opportunity to meet Pluto, so that the Lord will interrogate, ask up to 5 Angels, and then go to suffer misery in the hells.
After he falls to Hell, the guards will lead him to meet Pluto. The king's question about the five angels is:
1. The first angel is the birth, the birth of a baby.
2. The second angel is old age, that is, the elderly (living in the world or present in the human realm).
3. The third angel is a sickness, that is, the sick person who exists in the human world.
4. The fourth angel is death, that is, the dead. The existence of death in the human realm.
5. The fifth angel is the one who is executed, that is, the execution of the law in the country such as: robbery, robbery, murder ...
When the Lord saw the person, he told them: "Hey man! Now I will ask, when they fell in the realm of man, you have seen a new child born is situated on animal filth reasonable?
- beings crime saith I have ever seen.
Pluto asked Continuing that: When you see a new born child like that, do you think: I am here still have to be reborn again, so I have to try alms, moral precepts, religious progress to get rid of birth, suffering due to birth that?
The hell being, after hearing the Lord's question like that, if he remembers the good at that moment, he will immediately escape from hell and will be reborn in the human realm or heaven. If, in the meantime, the good is not remembered, answer: I have seen the baby born, but I have no thoughts, except the joy of the world.
And the king said, "If so, this is your weakness, though you have seen such birth and you still rejoice in delight. This joy and ease is born from you, not made by the parents, the wife, the children, the friends or the teachers, the gods or the gods, So you must receive the retribution that you have done, and no one will receive it on your behalf, you have acted like that Come on, you will receive such retribution ".
Then Pluto continued, "Have you ever seen the elderly, the sick, the dead, and the criminals?"
The hell being responded, "I have seen." The
king answered, saying, "When you see the elderly, the sick, the dead or the criminal." Do you think that we too are old, sick and dead, we should be diligent in giving, observing and cultivating to be a refuge for ourselves and can help us to get rid of those sufferings?
Beings that hell, after listening to the question asked the first time, the second time, the third time, the fourth time, the fifth time. If you remember well, you will answer the same as the answer in the first Prophet.
For those who, after doing good deeds, have a dedication to the Pluto, they will be tried by the King to help them remember those Angels. So people, after making merit alms, moral precepts or practice then, dedicate the merit to Pluto. Pluto will remember, because he had once blessed him. If anyone after giving, maintaining the precepts, but progressing without merit to the Lord. Pluto cannot remember his goodness. After Pluto suggested, he still could not remember, he sat still. The guards then took him to commit crimes according to the bad karma he did.
If Pluto remembers his good karma, he will speak up, he will hear Pluto speak like that, also remember: "I've been giving, maintaining precepts, cultivating like this ... like this ... as soon as he remembers his good karma, then he will escape from hell. "
So the reminder, the suggestion of Pluto is cause, remembering your good karma is fruit. Remembering his good karma as cause, getting rid of hell is the result.

End part talking about the five angels

-ooOoo-

Presentation of the definition and explanation in eight hell dungeons and five Ussada hell tunnels.
1- Sañjīvanaraka  ( Parity -hell)
Saṃ punappunaṃ jīvanti etthāti = Sañjīvo.
Beings in hell die to live again and again. Therefore, that hell called Sañjīva: Dang-activ.
Jalitāvuddhahatthehi khaṇḍītāpi nerayikā jīvantā yamhi punopi sañjīvoti pavuccate.
The guards with sharp arms, dazzling, slashing the beings in that hell, even being slaughtered to death, but they were still alive in the hell, that hell was called Sañjīva.
2- Kāḷasutta  (Hac-guy hell)
Kāḷasuttaṃ aphapetvā tacchanti etthāti = Kāḷasutto.
The guards make marks with black strings, and then cut, flap, or chop off beings in that hell, so that Hell is called Kāḷasutta (Black-guy). And:
Kalasutta nipatetva vasiparasukudari Adi hi tacchanti ettha nibbate satteti = Kalasutto (Black-boy),
(Either): The guards made the sign with black wire, and then cut and tie or tight beings in the hell was with knives, hammers, saws ... hence the hell that is called Kāḷasutta.
Kāḷasuttena tacchanti yamhi nirayApālakā anubandhā patante kāḷasutto pavuccate.
The guards make a mark with a black wire, then cut or cut off beings The hell is falling because of being chased by guards in any hell, that hell is called Kāḷasutta (Black-guy).
3- Saṅghātanaraka  (Hell-United).
Saṅghātenti etthāti = Saṅghāto: The mountains crushed beings in that hell, so the hell called Saṅghata- They Hiep- and:
Mahantā jalitā ayopabbatā saṅghātenti cunnavicuṇṇaṃ karonti ettha nibbatte sattetu = Saṅghāto.
(Or is): The great mountain of fire burning red crushing beings in that hell, called Saṅghāta - We Hiệp.
Ayonaya pathabyaṃ yamhi kaṭimattaṃ pavisite tiyoselā saṅghātenti saṅghātīti pavuccati.
When the iron burns red, crushes the beings that are sinking to the waist in any hell, that hell is called Saṅghāta.
4- Roruvanaraka  (Dhūmarorupa or Cūḷarorupa) - Culture.
Mahāravaṃ ravanti etthāti = Roruvo: the crying beings resound in that Hell. Therefore, that hell is called Roruva - culture. And:
Mahantehi saddehi niccakalaṃ ruvanti ettha nibbattā sattāti = Roruva. (Or) those beings in Hell cry out loudly for a long time. Therefore, that Hell was called Roruva - Cultural.
Dhūmehi pavisitvāna sedamānā dayāvahaṃ mahāravaṃ ravantettha vuccate dhūmaroruvo:
The beings of hell are smoked in 9 doors making it uncomfortable, crying and pitifully crying in that hell, so that hell is called Dhūmaroruva.
5- Mahāroruvanaraka  (Jālaroruva) - Great complaint.
Mahanto roruvo = Mahāroruvo - Great gift.
Hell with cries greater than Cūḷaroruva Hell, called Mahāroruvanaraka (Hell Great complaints).
Jālāhi pavisitvāna dayhamānā dayāvahaṃ mahāravaṃ ravantettha niccate jālaroruva.
Beings are burned on fire by the nine doors, cried out loudly pitifully in that Hell, so the Hell called Hell Jālaroruva or Mahāroruva.
6- Tāpananaraka  (Cūḷatāpana) Hell Minor inflammation.
Tāpetīti = Tāpano: Hell makes sentient beings hot. Therefore, that hell is called tāpana - heat inflammation.
Jālite ayasūlamhi niccalaṃ nisidāpite tāpeti pāpake pāṇe tapanoti pavuccate.
Hell makes the evil beings, sitting sticking to the red hot trees and then burning fire. Therefore, that Hell is Tāpana.
7- Mahātāpananaraka  (Patāpana) (Hell Great Heat inflammation)
Itiviyatāpetīti = Mahātāpano
Hell makes sentient beings extremely hot. Therefore, that hell is called mahātāpana - Great heat inflammation. And:
Mahanto tāpanoti = Mahātāpana.
(Or) Hell makes beings hotter than hell Cūḷatāpana. Therefore, that hell is called Mahātāpana.
Ayasesaṃ āropetvā heṭṭhāsūlaṃ patāpiya pāpāka yo patāpeti patāpanoti vuccate.
Hell sent evil beings to the red-hot iron mountain, and then fell to the spear at the bottom due to the force of the burning wind and fire. Therefore, that hell is called Patāpana or Mahātāpana - Great heat inflammation.
8- Avācinaraka  (Hell of Cockroaches).
Natthi vīci etthāti = Avīci.
The distance of the fire, the hellish being and the suffering are unbroken in that hell. Therefore, that hell is called Avīci - No cockroaches. (And):
Sattāmaṃ and aggijālānaṃ and dukkha vedanānaṃ and natthi vīciantasaṃ etthāti = Avīci.
(Or) the distance of beings and the fire, the unbroken suffering life in that Hell. Therefore, that hell is called Avīci - No cockroaches.
Jālānaṃ sattānaṃ yattha natthi dukkhassa antaraṃ bālānaṃ nivāso avīcīti pavuccate.
The distance of the fire, the beings of Hell and the suffering in Hell without interruption. Therefore, that hell is called the haunting place of evil beings, so it is called Avīci - Infinite.

End eight hell hell

-ooOoo-

TALKING ABOUT THE ORDER OF THE YEARS OF THE USSADA CRISIS -
1- Gūthanaraka  (Hell in the urine).
Avīcimhā pamuttāpi amuttā sesApāpino paccanti pūtike gūbhe tasseva samanatare.
The beings of hell are still unwholesome, even though they have already escaped from the Great Hell of Hell, they have not yet completely escaped but have to continue to suffer, that is, brain damage in hell. .
2- Kukkukanaraka  (Hot Ash Hell).
Pūtigūthā pamuttāpi amuttā sesapāpino paccanti kukkule tasse and samanantare.
The beings still have unwholesome residual karma, even though they have already escaped from hell, Uranus has not yet completely escaped, but must continue to suffer, that is, brain damage in hell Hot ash is connected to hell Phan diuresis.
3- Simpalivananaraka: (Hell Forest of thorns)
Kukkuluṇhā pamuttāpi amuttā sesapāpino paccanti simpalidāye tasseva samanantare.
The hellish beings still have unwholesome residuals, but they can escape from the Hot Ash Hell, but they will not escape completely but must continue to suffer, that is, brain damage in the Forest of Hell, which is connected to Hell Hot ash.
4- Sipattavananaraka  (Hell of the Leaf Forest).
The beings of hell still have evil karma, but escape from the hell of a brittle forest, but also have to continue to suffer in the hell of a sword leaf forest, which is connected to that hell of brittle forest. As the following Pali sentence:
Simpalimhā pamuttāpi amuttā sesapāpino papaccanti asipatte tasseva samanantare.
5- Vettaraṇīnaraka  (Hell Broth with clouds of thorns).
Asipattā pamuttāpi amuttā sesapāpino papaccanti khārodake tasseva samenatare.
Beings of Hell, still having bad karma, yet escaping from hell A tree of leaves and swords, must continue to suffer in Hell A saltwater cloud of thorns, connected to hell.
Talk about the eight Ussada hell tunnels in the Lokapaññatti.
1- Hell dungeon full of coal called A hgārakāsuniraya - Khanh exclaim Hell.
2- hell of water colors, called Loharasaniraya - Set Hell.
3- Hell of hot ash, called Kukkulaniraya - Heat of Hell.
4. Hell of hot water, called Aggisamodakaniraya.
5- Hell boiling copper, called Lohakunithīniraya - Hell or Bronze.
6- Hell of Stink, called Gūthaniraya - Uranus of Hell.
7- Hell Forest brittle, known as Simpalivananiraya - forest consumption hell.
8. Hell The saltwater stream is cloudy, called Vettaraṇīniraya.
In each dungeon there are 32 Ussada hells, that is, each direction of the great hell has 8 Ussada hells, all 4 directions are 32. Thus, each Great hell has 32 Ussada hells, a total of 8 Great hell has 8 x 32 = 256 Ussada hells.
CLASSIFICATIONS OF THE HELL
BUDDHISM In Saḷāyatanasampayutta aṭṭhakathā and Aṅguttara aṭṭhakathā:
1. Pahāsaniraya; 2. Aparājitaniraya; 3. Ambudaniraya; 4. Nirabbudaniraya; 5. Abhaniraya; 6. Ahahaniraya; 7. Aṭaṭaniraya; 8. Kumindaniraya; 9. Soganthikaniraya; 10. Uppalaniraya; 11. Pundarikaniraya; 12. Mahāpadumaniraya.
The analysis of the sin of beings falling in Hell:
1) The king, the god and the powerful, many bodies, property, power, while still human, brains harm people inferior to him in an illegal way, or bandits robbed neighbors village, only to kill people to get their property and then escape. The aforementioned people, after many deaths, fall into Sañjiva hell.
2) The brain who harms, kills Bhikkhu, Sa di, Taoist, or Executioner is responsible for killing. The Bhikkhu khưu, Sa di, wickedly shameless world (Ālajjī). These people after death mostly fall into misery in hell hell, or whoever kills his father, and his mother also falls into hell, He lives to suffer. (Theory in Sa bổkicca's duty).
3) The person who trains elephants, horses, cows, buffaloes, etc., or the brain who harms his being (eagle), has its own benefits, without such kindness and mercy. Or people hunting birds ... people like that, after death most of the life of birth into hell Saṅkhāta -They union- to longevity.
4) Fishermen, those who destroy the forests, burn the forests where sentient beings live, or the captors of sentient beings like birds ... Then take them to kill, the drunken drinkers to harm others. These people, after death, mostly fall into the hell of Cuḷaroruva - Little gift.
5) The thief of the property of a parent, an ancestor, or the robbery of a Bhikkhu, a novice, a Taoist, or a person with a precepts, which makes it difficult for them or to steal an object of worship that a benefactor offers to Tam-bao, or deceiving his belongings, and the thief one of 25 ways to steal. These people, after death, mostly fall into miserable feelings in hell Mahāroruva - Great gift.
6) Burning bureaucracy, Chanh Dien, Vihara, Amphitheater, Dai temple, village, legal destruction Tower, Temple, after his death in hell Cūḷatāpana - Minor inflammation.
7) People who think: "Dharma is not good, there is no core benefit, and unlawful is thought to be good, core. Or people who have ants, think that death is over." be reborn again, and the common man, that is, accept that when he was a dog, he became a poor man, became a rich man, became a Chu Thien, became a Brahma ... and then he was reborn as a dog, he was poor, who is rich, is Chu Thien, is the same Brahma, no change, And whoever has no righteous thoughts, that means doing good as morality, cultivating, cultivating Right Understanding ... there is no fruit There is no crime at all. , longevity, love, h u sick, very sick, smart or stupid ... are natural, there is no detailed reason at all. Or whoever has no action, that is, whatever beings do, there is no fruit, life here also has no cause, and people who encourage people to believe in their wrong views. Those people, after they fall into the hell Mahātāpana or Vettaraṇī ussadanaraka - Great heat inflammation or hell hell - depending on the karma that we have created more or less.
There are 10 types of ignorance here that the Buddha said in the birth of Nemirāja as follows:
1. Natthi dinnaṃ: Alms has no precious fruit.
2. Natthi yiṭṭhaṃ: Offering the Three Jewels has no fruit.
3. Natthi hutaṃ: Sacrifice of Chu Thien has no precious fruits.
4. Natthi sukaṭa dukkatānaṃ kammānaṃ bhalavipāko: The fruit of good karma, bad karma also do not have.
5. Natthi mātā: The grace of mother is not.
6. Natthi pitā: Father's grace is also absent.
7. Natthi samaṇabrahmmaṇā: The merit of Sa, Brahmin, who has pure conduct and no sex.
8. Natthi sattā opapātikā: Beings being beings, ie Chu Thien, Pham Thien, Ngạ demons, Atula and the beings of Hell do not.
9. Natthi ayaṃ loko: This life does not exist.
10. Natthi paraloko: There is no future life.
So if anyone has one of these 10 kinds of unbiased visions, after death, he will fall into the sensation of suffering in the scene of hell in Great Heat and hell in hell. (this paragraph in the duty of birth Nemirāja). 8) He killed his father, his mother, Arhat, pricked the Buddha's body, divided the Sangha, and the Dharma destroyed the relics tower of Xa Loi, the Buddha image, the Bodhi root of his enlightenment with a vicious mind, and the critic Increase, saints, who are more charitable than themselves. People who accept certain three evil comments are inhumane, no-one, no ants. Such a person, after his death, will fall into the Hell of Infinite Pity or the miserable Dong Ho hell, depending on whether the karma has been created more or less. The woman had an abortion after her death in hell. ( Duty of birth Saṅkicca). 


9) The woman likes to have sex with her, jerking off another's husband. Men like to have sex, to snatch other wives. Those men and women, after their death, fell into Hell of Acupuncture. After that, you still have to suffer in Hell. There is hot water like fire, depending on the karma created more or less. (Duty of birth Saṅkicca). 10) Again, Lord Buddha said in Nemirāja's birth: "Any man or woman who likes to have sex with someone else's spouse. After death, it is absolutely necessary to suffer in Hell. Khanh lam, ie hell Hot coal. " Questions and answers related to hell. (Located in the duty of birth Nemirāja - hell Vettaraṇī). 



Q: King Nemi saw the miserable sentient beings in the Vettara River. He was scared, horrified to ask Prince Mātalī that: "What evil have these beings created?"
A: Emperor e Matali said: "beings do when they do people live by evil methods, usually brain damage who could, beings after death with evil like, had fallen into the river Vettarani.
Hell Dog brindle
Problem: The king said to ask: "red dog, brindle dog, vulture, crow shape scary, predatory beings hell. We feel scared because we see these animals tearing down on the flesh of sentient beings. What evil have they created that are eaten by dogs or crows ... Who knows the bad karma of that being, please tell me?
A: Prince Mātalī replied, "Every living being has a shame, scolded Sa Mon, Brahmin, persecuted Sa Mon, Brahmin is a person with bad karma, so crows, dogs ... new surgery, bite to eat beings did.
hell constant sharp
Problem: the king of asking that "beings hell has created karma nothing harmed by identity column blazed so"?
Answers : Prince Mātalī replied, "The beings in this hell, when living in the world, have created negative karma, which is the persecution of men and women of virtue and good Dharma. So they suffer like that. "
Hell pit coal burning
Question: What kind of evil do beings in this hell have to suffer from crying and moaning in the coal pile?
Answer: Prince Mātalī replied: these beings often deceive the property of the masses. That is, they launched to collect the property of the people, declared that they would repair, repair, build immovable objects (thāvaravatthu), and then bribe the Commissioner to take those properties for themselves. Then lie: That earned this much, spend this much. And they were in a state of public debt. Due to the bad karma above, should suffer crying, groaning in the coal.
Hell plots.
Q: What negative karma do these beings have to go to hell in the planned hell?
Answer: These beings persecute the Sa Mon subjects, Brahmin has precepts, so the doings and Hell plan.
Hell plague 2
Question: What do these sentient beings create without having to lack their heads?
A: Prince Mātalī replied: These beings, when they are the ones who constantly capture birds and animals to kill. Due to this evil karma, there must be a shortage of heads.
Hell river ash husk
Q: What kind of evil have these beings created, when drinking water, it becomes rice husk?
Answer: The beings were evil, were not pure, selling rice mixed with rice husks, sand, soil ... to the buyer. Should fall into this Hell, there is hotter than fire, when thirsty, want to drink water, the water becomes husk.
Hell of all kinds of weapons
Question: What kind of evil karma have these people created to suffer corporal punishment by spears?
Answer: These beings, when they are humans, are people with cunning, deceiving property, other people's silver and gold, gouging out houses and stealing, stealing gold and silver possessions. Even animals brought back to feed their bad karma should suffer corporal punishment by spears.
The meat hell
Q: King Nemi saw the hellish beings being tied to the neck by the devil demons with burnt iron wire, then laid on the burnt iron base, beaten with weapons, another group was demonic Cut into pieces. Then he asked the Prince Mātalī that: What karma did these beings have to be like that?
Mātalī replied: These beings have created negative karma is to kill goats, kill pigs, kill fish ... after killing, put it to sell at the stall, butcher shop or other stalls. Due to the bad karma above, it is cut into heaps, into pieces.
Hell dung urine
Question: King Nemi saw beings in hell eating food and urine, should ask: What sentient beings have created such a life? Must use parts and urine as plants?
Answer: Prince Mātalī replied: these beings cause brain damage to friends ... often live to harm others. Due to the negative karma of brain damage like friends, should eat part and urine.
Hell of blood hat
Question: The beings of hell are hungry, urgent, unable to control the hunger and have to eat blood. The king said, "What karma do these beings create?"
Answer: These beings when they were the ones who killed their parents, Arahant called it Pārājika - The renunciation of the laity. Due to such negative karma, hat blood must be used as a real thing.
Hell hook
Question: The living beings of hell, being taken by the devil, the burning iron hook is as big as the palm tree, which is hooked on the tongue and the body, lying on the fire-burning bronze platform, emerging from the leather hook, like a cowhide hook. . The hellish beings could not endure the pain, so they waved together on the ground and screamed and cried. The king asked, What evil have these sentient beings created?
Answer: When they were still human beings, they were people who specialized in assessing things, because they took bribes from buyers, so they offered low prices for high-value objects, helping buyers gain a lot of profit and create career. deceived by being greedy, hiding the deceit with sweet words, such as luring the bait with hooks and killing fish. Because of creating such bad karma, sentient beings must suffer being hooked like that.
Hell crushed by iron mountains
Q: The Bodhisattva sees female beings of hell with a cracked body, Jāti, coarse, dirty with blood and a hat, whose head is broken like a cow whose head is cut off dead place. They held out their arms to cry, the women were always subsided to the waist, and the volcanoes from 4 directions took turns crushing those women to burn out the ashes, the heads appeared again, and were also crushed. The crushing continues non-stop. What kind of karma did those beings have to bury to the waist.
A: Mātalī answered that: The female beings of that being when they were human girls had impatient behavior, that is, people who neglected, hated and left their husbands to run after other men. After his death, he fell into this Hell, being crushed by the fire from the four directions to shatter the body.
Hell has a head upside down
Q: The hell being has a head that goes downwards. Because the Demons make that being turn their heads to Hell. Because of what causes these beings caught by the devil to drop their heads?
A: Mātalī replied: These beings, while living in the human realm, are related to the Dūrācara karma, which means traveling with their wives and stealing precious things, so they must go to this Hell and endure long suffering.
Hell The forest is thorny.
Q: When King Nemi saw sentient beings A big, small, hellish, hellish being displayed in Hell. These evil beings have created what karma that must suffer, suffering hot so much suffering.
A: Mātalī replied: These beings when they were still human, were deviant people, ignorant, often creating karma with 10 wrong views, such as giving alms, no offering, no sacrifices. good or bad is also not available, neither parent, nor Brahman nor Brahman, no being, no being, no life, no future. And entice others to take the wrong view like that. Due to this cause, the beings, feeling extremely hot suffering.
Talk about beings suffering from sin, in the part of hell Avīci.
Talk about suffering and sin in Pahāsa hell .
In the human realm, people often dance, or perform musicals with many forms, live passionately with five senses, perform solo also, cry also, laugh also, sing also, dance also. , from the performance that I performed made the audience a joy, sorrow also, sometimes there is an interest that is too exciting to forget me, just passionately listening to or watching the character acting first. On the face of the audience, people like that, after falling into Hell Pāhāsa. When you are suffering in Hell, it is like dancing and singing. As in Saḷāyatanasamyutta aṭṭhakathā, it is stated that:
"Pahāso nāma nirayoti visuṃ pahāsanāmako nirayo nāma natthi Avīcisseva pana ekasmiṃ kaṭṭhāle naccantā viya gāyantā viya ca naṭavesaṃ gahetvāva.
Talk about sin and suffering in hell Aparājika .
In humankind, people rejoice in fighting (causing war). These people, after death, feel miserable like riding an elephant, horse, cart, holding five kinds of weapons to kill each other nonstop. As in Salàyatanasamyutta aṭṭhakathā says:
Aparājiko nāma nirayoti ayaṃ pi na visuṃ eko nirayo Avīcisseva pana ekasmiṃ koṭṭhāse pañcavudhasannaddhā phalakahatthā hatthi assarathe arugha saṅgāme.
Talk about sin and suffering in hell Ambuda.
When still living in the human realm, has criticized the saints. These people after death have to experience misery in 10 Hells like Ambuda Hell for example. Legend has it that: During the time of the Chief Justice-Enlightenment in money, a Bhikkhu khưu Kokālika criticized Elder Sārīputta and Elder Mahā Moggallàna violated the study of Pārājika by the Buddha. After the Bhikkhu khưu Kokālika par common, fall into the Hell Mahāpaduma, because the crime of adultery two saints.
The prize of 10 hells like Ambuda hell ...
Known as Ambuda Hell, Nirabbura Hell, Abba Hell ... this is just the name of the counting, like counting a hundred, a thousand , ten thousand, one hundred thousand, one million, ten million. So, naming these hells as Ambuda, Nirabbuda and Abba is like counting on them.
Ambuda Hell Life is calculated by the number of sesame seeds is 490600000. And each sesame seed is equal to 100 years of humanity. That is the life span of Ambuda Hell.
The life span of Nirabbuda Hell is 20 times longer than that of Ambuda Hell.
The Abba Hell Life is 20 times longer than the Nirabbuda Hell Life.
The life span of the Hells Ahaha, Aṭṭa, Kumuda, Sogandhika, Uppala, Puṇḍarika, Mahāpaduma. The hells have more life than each other with the number is 20 times in order. (Sangha - Arahant and Aṭṭhakathā) Suffering and the fall into hell indefinitely : 1. The story of Devadatta: Devadatta has harmed the Chief Justice of the Sutta, the immovable being with the worldly dharma. Because of this, Devadatta must fall into the Avīci Hell once. 



While suffering in that hell, Devadatta has a height of 100 due to the week, from the ears upwards has sunk into the burnt iron background. There was a nail the size of a palm tree, clasped with both hands and an iron hook, and the spear pierced from front to back, right to left, from top to bottom. He could not stir anything, and was burned incessantly until he escaped from the Avīci Hell.
After 100 thousand more lives, Devadatta will become Single-Sense-Buddha, with the name of Aṭṭhissara. About the Paramita has created two monks. As in Aṭṭhakathā dhammapāda and in Milindapañhā it is noted that:
"Niccale buddho aparajjabhāvena nicalova hutvā Avīcimhi paccatu sohi iti satasahassakappamatthake aṭṭhissaro nāma paccekabuddho bhavissati" (commentary on the sutta). 
"Maharaja chakotthase Devadatto kate Kabe atikkante pathamakotthase sangham bhinadi pancakotthase Aviciniraye paccitva mucitva atthissaro nāma paccekabuddho bhavissati" ( Milinda panha)
2. Shelves language that time Devadatta offerings Buddha land is being drawn:
IME atthihi tamaggapuggalam
Devatidevam naradammasaratthi
Samantacakkhum satapunnalakkhanam
Panehi Buddham Saranam gatosmi .
I would like to make offerings to the Buddha, he is a noble person, he is a higher being than gods. He is the driver of all things (nāra). He is the Virtue Eye, he has 100 generals, with these bones and my life, I rely on the Buddha.
3. The story of King Daṇḍakī:
In Bārāṇasī, there was a king named Daṇḍakī, together with the people living in Kubhavatī, all were wrong views. At that time, there was a Taoist named Kisavaccha. He achieved Meditation and Thang Tri, living near the river Godhāvarī. Later, Taoist Kisavaccha went to the city of Kubhavatī of the Kingdom of King Daṇḍakī and the Taoist dwelt in the supreme garden of King Daṇḍakī. The Taoist is guarded by the general, and always brings peace to the Taoist Kisavaccha.
In Kumbhavatī city, there was a courtesan courtesy of King Daṇḍakī, named Sobheṇī. One day, this Sobheṇī was infuriated by King Daṇḍak nên, and dismissed her. She was dismissed, so brave, went into grace, and went to the residence of the Taoist Kisavaccha. When she met the Taoist Kisavaccha, the Sobheṇī aroused the thought: "This Taoist is a despicable person. The unfortunate things in our body are, if we unburden himself, we will be led to the wall. come back". Thinking so, she Sobhe nàng took the toothpaste, came to rinse her mouth, spit dirty water on the Taoist, and curled the toothpaste on herself. The Taoist was sitting there. Then she went back to her home country, bathed her neck, her body clean. Sobheṇī, after finishing her work, soon King Daṇḍakī thought of her return, summoned her to the Royal Palace and gave her the same position. The fact that King Daṇḍakī thought of Sobheṇī had nothing to do with her bad deed. But this thought is due to the power of disturbing emotions, it is only normal.
After that, King Daṇḍakī also resented his priesthood advisor, so he cut off the priesthood official like cutting the Sobheṇī concubine. After being cut off the priesthood, she came to Sobheṇī to inquire about her disgrace, how she was reinstated. Sobheṇī recounted her actions to the Magi Kisavaccha, dwelling in the magnificent garden. After listening, the chief advisor hurriedly entered the royal palace and did as Sobheṇī had instructed. Then, soon the King returned, summoned the chief adviser to the priesthood, and sent him back to his former position.
The priesthood reclaimed his former position, not because of his humiliating place, Kisavaccha, but because he tried to wait for the opportunity to regain his position and also because of the casual nature of King Daṇḍakī, when wrath arises, the resignation, at the end of the rage also think of the person who served him, and then reinstated, that is normal.
Then, one time, King Daṇḍakī received the news: On the border there are enemies. Believing that, King Daṇḍakī reunited the audience, transmitted the army, ready to go to war to eradicate the enemy.
At that time, the self-sacrificing advisor was also present at the meeting, so he bowed to King Daṇḍakī that:
- This time, Your Majesty will go to war except for rebels, Your Majesty wants to win or lose?
- I am determined to win.
- My Majesty! If Your Majesty wants to win the rebellion quickly. Now, there is a villain living in the city, where the royal garden of the Great King. Please, come and purify the disgraceful person who is present in his body, and go on the expedition. After disinfecting is complete, return to the bath to clean up the whole body, then finish your battle with the enemy. Thus, He will quickly defeat the enemy easily.
In fact, in this war, the Great King will win, but He should also first cleanse, existing in His body and soldiers, sprinkled on the villain first, then go forth.
King Daṇḍakī, hearing the evil comments of the priest adviser, said that he was right, he commanded all his subjects to go to the residence of the Taoist Kisavaccha in the royal seat.
When he arrived at the residence of the Taoist, King Daṇḍakī and his subjects took the toothbrush, spit out the dirty water on him, the head, the neck ... of the Taoist, and threw the toothbrush on the Taoist, so much that flooded to the Taoist's head and left.
The general protected when he heard that, when he ran, King Daṇḍakī and his subjects had already returned. The general immediately encouraged the kin, who had respect and respect for the Taoist, to clean the Taoist residence, and then brought the water to the Taoist to wash his body.
The Taoist Kisavaccha, after finishing his bath, declared to the general:
- Hey General! The misfortune that the King and his people did to my body like that. For me, I have nothing more than sorrow and anger towards the King and his people, even if it is a little. But Chu Thien is now angry with King Daṇḍakī and his people. From today onwards until the 7th day, the Kumbhāvatī has a circumference of 60 wide because this week will be completely destroyed.
- So, General! You and your family should leave this place immediately.
The general, after hearing the news from the Taoist Kisavaccha, he was terrified, brought the report to King Daṇḍakī, and himself and his family and friends were faithful followers of the Tao. , go out of the Kumbhāvatī kingdom.
As for the Taoist Kisavaccha, after the general and his family left Kumbhāvatī. The Sarabhaṅga master is the Bodhisattva, and the master of the Kisavaccha Taoist, He is staying at the banks of the Godhāvarī river. He knows the dire situation in Kumbhāvatī, and his student, Kisavaccha, still thinks in the city, will not escape danger. Therefore, the Taoist Sarabhaṅga asked the two Taoists to stay with him to use the supernatural power to bring Taoist Kisavaccha out of the city of Kumbhāvatī.
Talk about King Daṇḍakī, after being informed by the general that the danger would come to the Kingdom. The King thought: It is not true, so there is no hesitation with the seriousness that will arise. The king remained calm.
The devas were indignant about the actions of King Daṇḍakī and his subjects, insulting the Taoist Kisavaccha. When the time was right, Chu Thien immediately caused rain to fall across the country where the city of Kumbhāvatī was 60 years wide. The first time was just ordinary rain, followed by golden sand, then rain of flowers, silver rain, yellow rain, and rain of makeup on Chu Thien. The audience saw the objects falling from nowhere in turn, everyone was happy, happy and rushed out of the house to pick up such things. It was at that moment that a variety of weapons and moaning arises like heavy rains from the air falling down and slashing at Mass with King Da Đạiakī. That rain completely destroyed Kumbhāvatī.
After King Daṇḍakī and his fellow netizens all fell into Kukakula Hell, the Hot Ash Hell. And in the hell of this hot Ash, upon reaching the 9th gate, there were falling coal. The bad karma of King Daṇḍakī and his subjects is a bad karma that should have fallen into the Great Hell. But not so, but only in misery in Kukakula hell only. As stated in the birth of Sarabhaṅga:
Kisaṃ hi vacchaṃ avakiradaṇḍakī
Ucchimemūlo sajano raraṭṭho
Kukkula nāme nirayamhi paccati
Tassa phuliṅgāni pavattanti kāye.
4- Story of Mallikā:
Queen of King Pasenadikosala is her Mallikā. As a human, she blessed a lot. One time, the Empress deceived the King, after she became seriously ill, she often remembered the bad karma that she had created, so while she was about to die, the Empress could not focus her mind on the blessings of I have created, but the lie still haunts her, causing her to develop intense enthusiasm and annoyance. And her fate, falling into the Great Hell Abyss 7 days calculated by human time. As in the commentary of the Dhammapada, it says:
Sā maraṇakāle evarūpaṃ mahāpariccāgaṃ anussaritvā tameva pāpakammaṃ anussaranti kālaṃ katāa avīcimhi nibbatti.
5- The story of King Coranāga
King Coranāga is the leader of Laṅkā. He was a person who did not have faith in Buddhism, so King Coranāga destroyed 18 Great Monuments, and persecuted Chu Bhikkhus, novices, near men, women, and believers into Buddha. -Report at the time. When the King created such bad karma, causing the Empress to be discontented, thinking to find a way to kill the King. She put poison in real things. King Coranāga used that real thing, died, and fell into the Lokantarika Hell. As stated in
Mahāvaṃsa , Attano bhariyāya dinnaṃ ubaṃ bhakkho mato kira lokantarikanirayaṃ pāso so uppajjatha.
6- Some Hell of the murderer of his parents must fall down
The person who kills his parents is called Pārājikapuggala, who translates as the rebellious rebirth as a human being. Because that: Such a person, after death, he must fall into the great hell of Avīci, and it is difficult to be born as a human. But there are also some who kill their parents, being born into the Blood-Hell (Roruva naraka) also. As stated in the birth that states:
Ye mātaraṃ pitaraṃ and jīvaloke pārājikā arahante hananti te luddhakammā pasavet and pāpaṃ te me janā lohitapubbabhakkhāti.
7- The story of King Nāḷikera
In the past there was the Aṅga National Capital, the Kingdom of this Kingdom was Dantarūpa. The king did not believe that he was guilty of anything, so he killed the Taoist priest, who was both a magician, and took the dog to eat. King Nāḷikera after having created that evil karma, was withdrawn by the land. After the King was withdrawn by the earth, He was plunged into the Sunakkha Misery, having a high body of three gāvuta, always bitten by an black dog the size of an elephant. The bad karma that King Nāḷikera did, deserves to fall into the Great Hell, but it is not, but only to the many miseries of hell (Ussadanaraka). As stated in the birth of Sarabhaṅga,
Yosaññate pabbajite acchedayi dhammaṃ bhaṇante samaṇe adūsake taṃ nāḷikeraṃ sunakhā parattha saṅgamma vibhandamānaṃ.
8- The story of King Ajjuna
In the past there was a Mahiṃ saka Kingdom that ruled this Kingdom, King Ajjuna, King Ajjuna was the wrong person, there was a Taoist named Aṅgīsa of the Gotama family, that Taoist was a Dharma practitioner and essential needs Dharma practice. One day, A sgīsa novice was shot to death by King Ajjuna. When the Taoist died under the King's arrow, due to the evil karma that King Ajjuna created, the King was withdrawn by the land. After the King was withdrawn by the earth, he was struck down in a misery by the name of Sattisīlanaraka. In the life of King Ajjuna, there is a case from above, head down, below is the spear upside down. While falling down, the Devil also used a knife to use it, he also used it to launch spears. The bad karma that King Ajjuna did deserves to fall into the Great Hell, but it is not so, but only to the Misery of Sattisūla Hell.
"Atthajjuno niraye sattisūle
Avaṃ syrup patito uddhaṃ pādaṃ
Aṅgīrasaṃ Gotamaṃ heṭhayitvā
Khantiṃ tapassiṃ cirabrahmacāriṃ".
9- The Story of King Majjha
In the past, there was a Kingdom called Majjha. The king who rules this country is also called Majjha. King Majjha and his entourage and some of his subjects were wicked people.
At that time, there was a Taoist named Mātaṅga, this Taoist had many entourage, whose names spread throughout the country. King Majjha accompanied his entourage, when he learned that the Taoist Mātaṅga had a large number of them and that his name spread throughout the country, immediately there was discontent. At first, he only showed disdain and criticized the Taoist. Then, at the instigation of his retainers, King Majjha killed Mātaṅga. When the Magi Mātaṅga was dead, the Taoist's followers scattered, moving to another country together, leaving with a group of faithful men, leaving only the retainers and the people of the king's side. Majjha. When King Majjha and his entourage unanimously killed the Mātaṅga, due to this evil karma, the rain of fire and ash fell on the heads of the people and sentient beings and King Majjha in common, Majjha's National level ended. casualties, Only vacant land and forests remain. These people, after their joint destiny, fell into the Misery of Kukakuḷa Hell. As in the birth of Saṅkicca has stated that:
Upahacca manaṃ majjho
Mātaṅgasmiṃ yasassine
Sapārisajjo ucchinno
Majjhāraññaṃ tadā ahu
10- The story of King Dasabhātika whose
nationality is Andhakavinda. The king who ruled this country had 10 brothers, he was the eldest so he should rule over the Kingdom of Andhakavinda. And the other nine, each of them also ruled one emirate. But all these 10 kings, no one had faith in the Buddha Dharma, so they despised and persecuted the virtuous Taoist named Kaṇhādīpāyana, who was unanimously killed by those kings.
After killing the Taoist Haṇhādīpāyana, all 10 kings arose with discontent with each other, then went on to quarrel, quarrel with each other, and used to kill each other, and all 10 were killed. general. After death, all fell into the Misery of Hell. As stated in the commentary on the birth of Saṅkicca, it is stated that:
Kaṇhādīpāyanā sajja
Isi andhakavidayo
Aññoññaṃ musala hantvā
Sampattā yamasādhanaṃ
11- The story of King Upavara
In the beginning of his life, the kappa was newly formed. Then, called Vivaṭṭathāyīkappa, is the kappa on which sentient beings are existing, and have just established neighbors, villages, proper citadel and patience.
In this life, beings have long life immeasurable age, is 1 a Increase period of life. The calculation of life expectancy 1 a Increase period there is a calculation like this: 1 number 1 and the next is 140 zeros, the unit is year.
At that time, there was the Kingdom of Cetiya, with a city called Sotathiya. This country has 11 kings already, the first king is Mahāsamamuti, spent 10 generations, up to the 11th generation is King Upavara of the lineage Emperor.
After 10 kings, the people at that time were all those who dwell in the Dharma, that is, those who practiced 10 virtues, and no one practiced evil deeds, even if it were just words: there is no. Everyone in those days did not know what evil was.
One day, people were told: "King Upavara, ruler of the Kingdom of Cetiya will speak his words." All of them were stirred up and said, "What is the word like?" Because they haven't heard anyone say, how is it white or black, red? Therefore, throughout the country waiting for news.
King Upavara has 4 divine powers: Going on nowhere, there are 4 heavenly gods guarding in 4 directions, with the right hand holding the sword, the dragon can always radiate the fragrance, the lips have the aroma that smells like the smell. lotus.
During the time the King of King Upavara ruled the Kingdom, the high priest was Brahmin Kapila. She is the self-sacrifice Kapila has a younger brother, Korakalambha. The Brahman Korakalambha was the confidant classmate of King Upavara when he was a teenager, when the two went to Takkasilā art school, the two of them studied together so they became close friends from that time. While still studying art, King Upavara told Brahmin Korakalambha that:
- When we ascend to the throne of the Emperor, we will appoint the Purohita mandarins (chief monk adviser).
Later, Upavara took the throne, ruled the Kingdom. That Purohita position is being reclaimed by Brahmin Kapila, the brother of Korakalambha, who wants to deprive him of that position, the King cannot do it either, because Brahmin Kapila has a son, and he will continue to replace him. The father held the Purohita position, that was the rule of the time. King Upavara could not ordain the Purohita to Korakalambha, because of the law of the time. Except, Brahmin Purohita Kapila relinquishes his position to be allowed. And according to the law of the time, the Purohita office cannot let you put me in front of you.
Brahman Korakalambha often begged the king to bestow upon him the Purohita position. And Brahmin Kapila often asked and advised King Upavara that:
- Your Majesty is now old, unable to reign anymore, please give His Majesty the throne to the Prince, then reside in the royal garden, become a Taoist, practice Kasiṇa to be attained Meditate with victory.
Because that: Korakalambha did not get this opportunity to take the position of Purohita according to his will, so he went to King Upavara, had an audience with the King, and then asked:
- My Lord ! When will I receive the Purohita position? Because He promised, "When I ascend to the throne, I will send Purohita to you immediately". Now that his brother is ordained, the Purohita position is now in the hands of the son Kapila is holding.
When Kolakalambha was calling like that to King Upavara, King Upavara said:
- This, Kolakalambha! Khanh do not have anxiety.
Then the king fell silent, not picking up, referring to the words he had promised. And Kolakalambha immediately asked:
- Your Majesty will reward the god?
- I will lie: Kolakalambha is you, and Taoist Kapila is you.
- If so, when will Your Majesty speak like that?
- From today onwards, on the right Saturday, we will say.
As for the son of Brahmin Kapila, after learning the abacus of Kolakalambha and King Upavara, should bring this incident to his father to hear.
Before the day of announcing his words, Brahmin Kolakalambha, went to discuss with King Uparava that:
- My Lord! Now, my brother has become a monk and attained meditation with victory, and so on, when the Great King declared in the audience: God is you and Kapila is you, so his power will be destroyed. , and will be gradually withdrawn by the earth, but that's not true, maybe it was due to the majestic power of the Magi Kapila. Therefore, if this happens, Your Majesty should not panic, because it is the influence of the Taoist Power Force but not real. The reason I reminded him like that, for fear that these events arose, His Majesty would panic, His Majesty would say the opposite of everything. If His Majesty said otherwise, the Purohita would have been rewarded, but it would not have been possible, so the benefit of the god would have been lost, and His Majesty would have lost the promise he had made with the promise. between the masses.
King Uparava answered:
- Hey khanh! This is not to worry, I will not change my words.
Next, at the appointed time, people from all over the country gathered in a large audience in front of the court, to hear King Upavara speaking his words, and Taoist Lord Kapila was also there.
By the time the words were spoken, King Upavara flew in the middle of nowhere, Taoist Kapila also flew up to sit in the middle of nowhere. Then, the Taoist asked the King
, "Your Majesty today speaks true words?"
- Indeed!
The Taoist priest advised the king:
- Please, Great King, should not say words of hope, say the truth is better.
The king did not listen to the advice of the Taoist, but said in the expectation:
- Kolakalambha is me, Taoist Kapila is me.
As soon as he finished his speech, all 4 of the king's divine power were immediately destroyed, from nowhere, he fell to the ground, the aroma from his body, from his mouth suddenly disappeared, the smell of incense and incense. lotus no more but the body smelled fishy, ​​stinky right away. It is at that place that the Taoist advised a second time,
"Please, Lord, tell the truth." Who is he? Who are you?
King Upavara heard the advice of Taoist Kapila, in the mind aroused in terror, he turned his eyes to Kolakalambha, saying: "I will change my words". But Kolakalambha also showed signs that: "It is nothing but the power of the Taoist, not real. Please let your word be kept." And King Upavara said the second time, just finished the second time, the King was pulled down to the ankle by the earth. The monk Kapila advised the King for the third time, but because he trusted Kolakalambha so much, the King did not return the message seven times. In saying the words of King Upavara, the speech was progressed as follows:
For the first time, all 4 divine powers were vandalized.
The second time, the soil recedes to the ankles.
The third time, the soil withdrew to the knee.
The fourth time, the soil receded to the buttocks.
5th,
6th, the soil pulled to the chest.
7th, the land recedes to the beginning.
And then, the great fire of Avīci broke out, forming a black cloth covering King Upavara from head to toe and sinking deep into the ground.
The lie of King Upavara is not worthy of such a serious sin that the earth must be withdrawn and must fall into the Great Hell of Avīci. It was because the King did not respect the advice of Taoist Kapila plus the king's prophecy. Therefore, when considering it, it is not worthy to receive such a serious crime. compared to the present time, the disrespectful words and disrespectful mind for the Virtue, are also the same. From low class to high class. If this prophecy and the serious disrespect are withdrawn by the earth, then right now, there are many liars, and the land also withdraws those people with no room.
In fact, the lie and disrespect of people of this time even though not as serious as the real King Upavara, but these crimes are not ineffective. In Samparāyikabhava which is the next life, these people will suffer misery commensurate with that lie and disrespect, without exception, as in the birth of Cetīya:
Sarājā iminā patto antalikkha caro pure
Pāvekkhi pathaviṃ jacco hīnattho pattaparisāyaṃ
Tasmāhi chandāgamanaṃ nappasaṃ santi paṇḍitā
Aduṭṭhacittiṃ bhāseyya giraṃ saccūpasaṃ hitaṃ.
12- The story of Revatī:
At the time of the Buddha, there was a Kingdom of Kāsī with a city called Bārāṇasī. In the capital of Bārāṇasī there are couples, the husband's name is Nandiya, the wife is her Revatī. Young Nandiya is a person of pure faith in Tam-bao, often giving alms to Chu Bhikkhus and beggars, while his wife, on the other hand, has no faith in Tam-bao, nor has joyful mind. in almsgiving. Due to the strong alms that Nandiya often does, the Dao-Loi Palace has started the court where the palace is for him, after the general destiny in the human realm, Nandiya was born on the Dao-benefit, dwells in that Palace.
As for Revatī, after her husband died, all the alms that her husband usually did while she was alive, she did not preserve to do as her husband, on the contrary, she still neglected almsgiving.
Those who had lived before Nandiya, even though Nandiya passed away, they still came to receive such things as when Nandiya was still making money, but she was chased by Revatī, humiliated by those who took the test, ie Chu Bhikkhu khưu Monks and beggars who often come to such a life. Vessuvaṇṇa then told the two Yakshas to take her Revat nàng, take her to the Land of benefit, and see the Heavenly Palace that Nandiya is dwelling on.
After receiving the commandment, the two Yakkas went to the residence of Revatī, each of them took one of her hands with Revatī and took him to the realm of the Thien Cung Dao-Loi realm, showing her husband Nandiya to be enjoying the bliss in The bow that arises from alms deeds. The two Yakshas, ​​after showing Revatī to the palace building, dragged her down to the hell of Ussada - miserable, she saw the devil at that place capture, beat the sinner extremely crying. Then Revatī was thrown into Hell, beaten up by a group of demons, screaming and crying. Hearing Revat nàng's wails, the group of demons instead of sympathizing with her, on the contrary scolded her:
- When you were a human, why did you not know how to be afraid of sin, but also create misdeeds against monks and poor beggars who have been forever benefiting from your husband Nandiya's youth? You have given up on the good path that Nandiya has taken, and now receive the correspondingly created evil, then your moaning will not benefit you.
After saying that, the group of demons grabbed her legs and lifted them up so that their heads would fall, dragging them into the Misery of Misery to continue their misery there. As in Vimānavatthu, it is stated that:
Iccevaṃ vipalapantiṃ phandamānaṃ tathā tathā khimiṃ su niraye ghose uddhaṃ Pādaṃ avaṃ siraṃ.
Those who must fall into Hell because these people were persecuted, insulted, abused monks, and Brahmins when they were in humankind.
As stated in the commentary on birth, it says:
"Mahānirayesu kira yebhuyyena dhammika samaṇabrahmaṇesu natāparādhā paccati".
Beings who are descended in the Great Hell or in the multi-miserable hells, the being descended in those hells are uncertain, some people fall down for only 7 days, some throughout their lives (kappa). It is due to the evil karma of that being. As in Maṇisāramañjūsāṭīkā, it is stated that:
Apāyesu hi kammaneva pamanaṃ.
"Indeed, longevity in the Underworld is due to karma."
13- The story of King Ajātasattu (Arhat)
King Ajātasattu, although fortunate in the karmic result in this life (Pacchimabhavikapuggala), but the combined person (Samagama), the wrong combination with Devadatta is evil, and also the person who is opposing the Right-Awakened One. Therefore, King Ajātasattu aroused greed, evil pitch, and evil views, and killed his father, King Bimbisāra. Most people who kill their parents often fall into the hell of Avīci. But after that, the King Ajātasattu left Devadatta, returned to create good deeds, that is to say, the Blessed One's place with the Saints of the Sangha, generating the pure heart of the four offerings, becoming the Buddha-Dharma protector. So when the general destiny of King Ajātasattu was not fallen into Avīci, he was only suffering in the Underworld.
The life of suffering in hell The plan is presented like this:
The sinner slowly sank every minute of his life until the bottom of the boiling pot was 30,000 of that Hell, and then slowly emerged as well with 30,000 years to come to the mouth. King Ajātasattu's life span is 60,000 years of Hell, to be free from that place.
After a period of 2 more Sangha, King Ajātasattu will become the Buddha of Single-enlightenment, whose name is Vijitāvī. As noted in the Sīlakhandhavagga, it is stated that:
"Ajātasatturāja lohakumbhīyaṃ nibbattitvā tiṃsavassasahassāni adho patanto heṭṭhi matalam patvā tiṃsavassasahassāni uddhaṃ gacchanto punapi uparīmatalaṃ pāpuṇitvānavāyānavāyānavati.

End part about Hell. END=NAM MO SHAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).GOLDEN AMITABHA MONASTERY=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=THICH CHAN TANH.AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.28/4/2020.