Eight sections Noble
(Eight-Fold Path)
T almonds (Noble path) or path (path Right) are indicated path rightly, taken to the holy , holy , liberation . The path (Pàli: magga) is the path of transformation, which is the method, the practice that leads to happiness and peace . In Buddhism , the word "holy" does not have metaphysical or supramundanemeanings . It describes all the teachings of Buddhism are by the Buddhauttered and because The goal is to escape all the bonds of ignorance , craving , the cause of suffering. Therefore, as well as methods of cultivation other of 37 the assistant director , as 4 titles contemplation ( Satipatthana ), 4 categories of ardent and as standard (iddhi; Four primary needs - Four as the sufficiency ) , The seven paths to enlightenment ( Bodhi part ) ..., eight parts of the path (the Eightfold Path)) Is eight road practice of a man determined to find the truth and happiness truth and goodness in life. Those who practice the Eightfold Path are happy people . Family is built according to the Noble Eightfold Path is a happy family and the same , a social country to live up to eightfold certainly would be a society at peace . It is possible to say that the eight parts of the path are eight conditions necessary and sufficient to be happy, Peace right in this world are: Right , Right Thought , Right Speech , Right Action , Right Livelihood , Right Effort , Right Mindfulness and Right Concentration .
1) Right understanding (sammà ditthi): In Pali language, ditthi is the dittha word. Dittha, if it is a verb, will mean "see, see"; When a noun means: "the person who is enlightened to the ultimate goal" . While Samma means "righteousness, righteousness". Natural ditthi sammà thus means: seeing, understanding righteousness, justice or perception correct, clear lifelike . The economic Noble ( Middle Agama 189) of Maha Cattarisanka ( Central III - 114), economic director of knowledge (Mid-Central I - No. 9) mentioned the Right Understanding as follows:
- Understanding the 4 truth ( Four ), origination - selflessness , longitudinal contact causality in the operation , from the source being created to cessation and methods of practice to cessation of food nourish charity education is knowledge .- Knowing good and evil , the nature of the fundamental of them is chief knowledge .- The knowledge of the five aggregates of self and the world is knowledge .
2) - Right Thought (Samma samkappa): Thought is spending part Monday in the Eightfold Path after chief knowledge . Due to the knowledge , insight true that reflection or thought properly incurred. The process of meditating constantly will form thoughts (thoughts). Thought so as a result of the thoughtful long , shaped the ideology or system of thought justice . Similarly as chief knowledge , the Thinking is called true when they are generated from a focused survey of quad soles , origination - selflessness , 5 aggregates ... These thoughts do not reflect the contents of the 4 truth , origination - selflessness is thought wrong aka deviant thought as the Buddha has declared : «Who saw origination is found legal. Who saw Justice is seen Tathagata "( Samyutta III , tr.144).
3) - Right Speech (Samma Vaca): Due to the understanding and ideological correctness , speech and language well of practitioners also need peace, justice . Comment Visuddhimagga (Visudhi Magga) wrote: "When the practitioner sees and thinking as such (ie on the basis of 4 truth and origination - selflessness ), the abandon wrong speech of he, a waiver relative satisfied with the right view , renounce evil languagekarmic term "(page 40 - volume III).
Ta ling is the words - the misguided language consists of four expressions: lie ( hope ), speak evil ( evil ), say double tongue ( bisexual ) and idioms . In the example of the saw ( Central Business I - No. 21), the Buddha taught about the five types of language that a practitioner should practice language :
- Speak in time, do not talk in time ; - Speak truthfully , do not say spoiled ; - Saying peacefully, not saying harsh words ; - Say what benefits , did not say useless ; - Speech comes from loving kindness , not saying the word comes from the heart.
4) - Right Action (Samma kammanta): Industrial (Kamma) that acts with intention . An act or behavior comes from awareness and thinking rightly called right action . In contrast with the right action is wrong now . The renunciation of acts immoral of evil now - such as murder, misappropriating assets of SAAN others ( including bribery, accepting bribes, embezzling public funds , ...), misconduct in sexual (as male Female illicit sex, self-education ...) - are the righteous or righteous behavior .
The source of all acts of evil now leads start from three factors : heart greed , the hatred and the loving attachment to delusion . With awareness and thinking purity not defiled, the practice attempts to exclude all ideological attachment , hatred. The mind becomes pure . Pure mind , life is also clean. Right livelihood is also a pure life, exemplary , righteous .
5) - Right Livelihood (Sammà jjìva): The fifth element or part of the Eightfold Path is Right Livelihood . In the Pāli dictionary, Ajìva means subsistence, the birth of life, which implies the physical activity of the hands or the brain to sustain life. All active professional livelihood is understood as true when they were not done by the cunning, deception, harming self , family , society and country (whether of people or her) as wholesale selling drugs, heroin, weapons, etc. The Pure Land Commentary explains : "Right Livelihood is characterized by cleanliness. Its mission is to bring about a proper livelihood . It is manifested by the renunciation of evil "(ibid., P.41).
6) - Right Effort (Samma vayama): Effort (Vayama) is the effort , painstaking diligence , trying hard with all the energy itself . Right Effort is the ability topromote a practitioner 's course when he is determined to cut off any ugliness in his or her own life. It is expressed in four areas :
- Efforts made to eradicate the evil law has arisen as the vices, defects themselves . - Efforts to prevent , extinguish the evil or not arise. - Attempts to produce good things as ideas , behaviors , languages have material of compassion , selflessness , sacrifice , serving ... - Efforts to cultivate and increase the Dafa has arisen.
The categories of good and evil of ethics , morality is expressed through acts of body, speech of the mouth and the thoughts of the mind. Therefore, right effort also is capacity controlled focused the activities of body, speech and mind.
7) - Mindfulness (Samma sati): Sati according to Pali word meaning: the memory, attention , usually translated as mindfulness. Mindfulness is the focus of contemplation of four categories : body , feeling , mind and dhamma. The attention and memory, thinking standing about 4 titles on leads to exclusion 4 evil thoughts:
- The body is a can of impurity which is beautiful , pure , worthy favorite . - The sensations ( including all state , attitude psychology of faculties 6 base when exposed 6 ceiling), whether painful , joyful or very character (1) are due to causes and conditions of birth , likely direction leads to suffering (dukkha) that bigotry is happy , at peace . - Psychology , mind people changing, impermanent , but conservative for the longevity . - All things, phenomena in the world always change in accordance with not falling, but the fall, not due to coast conditions .
Comment Visuddhimagga wrote: «When the practitioner attempts like (that always focuses on four titles ) is not forgotten in the mind corresponds to the right view , get rid of evil thoughts, is called mindfulness . It has characteristics as an establishment . Its mission is to not forget «
8) - Samma (Samadhi): Samadhi (concentration) is the pure state ofconcentration , calm , not oscillate . The Great Thich Tri ( Central III , No 117) defines the concentration : "What is righteousness with the subordinate and auxiliary? Is Right , Right Thought , Right Speech , Right Action , Right Livelihood , Right Effort , Right Mindfulness . O bhikkhus , there are things The one centered on these seven parts is thus called right concentration, along with the attachment and support "(p.205).
In the teachings on, Right Concentration is the best center in the presence of 7 spent part before that special is Right . Thus, concentration or concentration , which is not present in the right view is called evil .
II- Contact between the Eightfold Path and the world, Dinh, Tue
The path to enlightenment according to the eight parts of the path, although not fully described in the three groups of Vinaya , Meditation and Wisdom, but in terms of experimental characteristics , they are always included in the three subjects of no one : Dinh, Tue. The Buddha clarified: "The sage Visakha, eight paths are not included in the three aggregates, but the three aggregates include the eight saints . Whatever the right word , right action , any network , are in the aggregate. Any well- being, mindfulness , concentration , do belong to the aggregates. Whatever kind of right view, righteous thoughts belong to the aggregate of knowledge.
The contact between the expenditure part of the Eightfold Path with three precepts , meditation and wisdom is not the focal contact objectivity, machinery, we denote properties consistency in learning the doctrine and practice. It can be explained in two directions: the relationship between the members in the group and the relationship between the three groups of gender, concentration and wisdom.
1) - Contact of nature experimentally between spending part of the group:
- The factors of right speech , right action , right livelihood rated general because nature generic. Speech , life and occupational behavior are manifested in body and speech. They are therefore classified as gender.
- Mindfulness, one- pointedness and diligence are the three reciprocal factors that lead to dharma. Comment Visuddhimagga explained : «The non-self nature give rise to absorption, but with diligent completed mission efforts , thoughts do tasks prevent oscillation , the Dinh reach to an only« ( i, p.42).
- Wisdom consists of right understanding and right thinking . In addition to perception , understanding is the specific manifestation of wisdom , thought or thought that is also classified in the aggregate of knowledge. Why ? He Ghosa Thera Buddha ( Buddhist Music ) explains : «Wisdom (ie right view ) itself can not define an object is impermanence , suffering, selflessness . But with games - thinking aided by constantly hitting the object, it can be ... Therefore, in Tue aggregates only right view as fellow , but right thinking is also a function which, for right thinking power steering to the right view ".
2) - The contact between groups, concentration, Tue: Typically, the path of liberation to be introduced in order gradual , concentration, wisdom as Vinaya says: «Do About born Dinh, by Dinh born Tue ". However , due to related systems charming start and practice cultivation according to the base nature , the three ways of learning is presented depart from Tue group. The business director of Knowledge , experience Dai Tu Thap determination of right is spending part mainly of the Noble Eightfold Path. All the remaining parts must be present in the right view or the process of training and determination must always be accompanied with Tue.
As stated, Buddhism is the path of conversion to the holy fruit . In the Great Four Cross , the Buddha taught about the two paths of the grade organic school and uneducated (2): «Because right view , right thought arises; due to the right thinking , speech language arise; due to the right speech , the chief arises; ..., due to right concentration , right mind arise; Because of the right mind , the main emancipation . Thus, this the Monks , the path of taste organic school consists of eight spent part and path of your Arhat includes ten elements «.
Thus, the Noble Eightfold Path has two types: the right and the unmanaged . Whether presented in the form of 8 parts or 10 parts , the focus of the practice of the Eightfold Path is the passage of the negative or , craving , clinging . The classification above is intended solely for the purpose of emphasizing the role of the intellectual ( political ) in the liberation (Chief liberation ) any illegal or out of mind. This affirms the importance of wisdom . Buddhism is the wisdomof wisdom as the Great Enlightenment wrote: «The wisdom of the market .
Like all other teachings , the Noble Eightfold Path is the doctrine directed to and served for life. Therefore , study the Eightfold Path can not stop at the level of survey, learn . They need to be experienced in life.
Humans are a set of two components body physics and life spirit . Noble Eightfold Path practice so placed on the foundation of two ways : cultivate yourself and cultivate the mind.
1) - The practice of body: The body physics (ie internal aggregate of form ) always have contact with the world environment (other aggregates of matter ). A tingling wind gives the body a cool sensation but can also lead to colds and colds. Live in circumstances any such reviews , the conditions of residence humid or arid, no hygiene or lack of greenery environment ... will bring about complications of disease. Cultivating right understanding , right thinking is seeing and self- awareness the relationship of the interdependence of the body parts and the external parts of the body or the interrelationship of the body and the environment. Practice right action - right effort - right speech is automatically adjust the resistance of the body consistent with the learning environment, labor and employment; suggestions and implement the transformation of the environment of life status and strengthen the training body through exercise, living in moderation . Practice of mindfulness - concentration on the body is to know and master the The activity of the body, keep the state of equilibrium not to the sex agitated or inhibited . In Business Administration Body Mindfulness ( Majjhima - 119), the Buddha taught: "Hey, Teacher, when stepped forward , step back knows what you do; When looking back, you know what you do; Eating, drinking, chewing, tasting ...; to walk, to stand, to sit, to sleep, to be awake, to speak, to be silent, to know what we do. While he does not live in earnest , zeal, delicate , mindfulness and secular thoughts are excluded. Through the deduction of the law, the interior is stay , stay , special , static.
Cultivation of the Noble Eightfold Path regardless of any part must have the presence of right understanding . Thus, self- awareness and follow-up , self-control are always two indispensable elements in the process of cultivating the body.
2) - Cultivation mind: The mind is always floating , fluctuating according to the conditions inside or outside the body. Cultivation can not be outside the scope of the mind and vice versa. When the mind is oscillating or inhibited by negativity (kilesa), active body will be pulled even look on life becomes sad. Poetry still leaves a lot of resentment, pity :
«The scene does not wear sorrow,
sad people have fun never.
Thus, the practice of mind is of special importance in stabilizing one's life. All Buddhist scriptures , laws, Buddhist do not go out that direction. Cognitive or right view , thoughts find clues contact predestined in contact internally of state mentality and attitude of psychological behavior is beginning to adjust , modify the behavior of body, speech ( of right speech , right action, Right livelihood ) and finally is washed off the center of the immoral law, sorrow , envy , resentment are rooted in greed, hatred and delusion. Effort to meditate on ( right concentration - mindfulness ) is the road especially important, solve all the disturbances sentiment of humanity . At the same time it defines the peculiarities of Buddhism , which differ from the religions other.
"We can draw a clear conclusion about what must be done by a liberating practitioner . You have only two things to do, such as the teachings, learn the Dharma and meditation . This is the way we come to Buddhism , go to Buddhism.END=NAM MO SHAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY=THICH CHAN TANH.THE MIND OF ENLIGHTENMENT.VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=GOLDEN LOTUS MONASTERY=AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.18/11/2017.
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