The word of the Buddha's Coaching Move

and the Buddhist Teachings.

 

 
 "Take refuge in himself, himself the torch pillar is a safe place for her, stay yourself, without the need for a safe place to stay would otherwise".

 
"This A-nan-da, make himself an island, a place stay for themselves-not anyone can do place stay for themselves; Let's live with French Leaders (Dhamma), see French Leaders is an island, a place for yourself, no one else can change for it to be "
    
 
Usually the response to the will of one person-one who endures-when feel you will no longer be available soon on this world, always passionate, articulate the true hopes for her, more of the Buddha, is a Regal life went to search for the man a way out. After the discovery of the escape and has built a strong following the Sangha forty-five years of preaching, then you've saved for his disciples-and all for us today-the words di coaching?
When the Buddha was older and sick one day close disciples who always beside Him is A-nan-da to ask Him the following:
 
            "After the removal, the President's Future As the Sangha would have to follow steps? Please As Lai said the decisions of Such Hybrids out stars for the Sangha? "
 
The Buddha answered as follows:
 
            "This A-nan-da, As Lai no longer to live long anymore. The older medium back aches, As Lai went to the end of their path. As today's Hybrid is just one old people ... This A-nan-da, take refuge in themselves, see themselves as the torch pillar for himself and also where an stay to themselves, not to be found elsewhere all [...] of the French Leaders is the Torch light and also the place stay for themselves [...] This A-nan-da, who right from today and all about later, i.e. after As Lai became Nirvana, said French Leaders view as the torch pillar is a safe place for her and stay for themselves, not to find a place to stay would otherwise, would be the worthy disciple, is the ngườì know to keep a proper conduct ". (College-Bowl Nirvana Sutra, Mahaparinibbana, DN 16, according to a translation by André Migot,1892-1967, in Le Bouddha, Club français du Livre, 1957, pp. 302, paragraph quoted p. 150).
 
Also in the great Nirvana Sutra Bowl- also have a sentence like the following:
 
            "However, this A-nan-da, for some of my disciples, the following thoughts can also show up in mind: ' the words of this teaching are the final words of the teachers, the latter would no longer be his master anymore ' (Italy said teachers, who want to do nothing). But not think so, this A-nan-da, because we have been speaking up for all to understand that after we're gone, the French Director (Dhamma) and Precepts (Vinaya) will change how you give yourself " (College-Bowl Nirvana Sutra, Mahaparinibbana-sutta, DN 16, according to a translation by Jeanne Schut).
           
Truth evident is the sentence quoted above in the great Bowl-Nirvana Sutra proper is the final and best coaching move fervently of the Buddha but the following disciples ... This may also hold true these lyrics trainer or not? he di French leaders (Dhamma) has been preserved like? The difficulties and obstacles would have happened for the Sangha and the favorable conditions would have contributed to the work of conservation and promote the Teachings of the Buddha? In addition we can also wonder and wonder that "the Buddhist creed" today? The methods of cultivation as well as countless schools and sectarian diversity really is today still retain the honesty for the Teachings of the Buddha from twenty-five centuries ago or not? Hope that this article can help elucidate somewhat the problem on here.
 
After the Buddha enter kill the urgency and edge of the Sangha is to systematize and preserve the teachings of the present masters are no longer on the side. Next is to nominate a student, a Council or a Committee to lead and guide the Sangha. Indeed the Buddha does not save a reply telling would most can help solve the hard Corps Rising above, which indicates that the disciples-and all of us today-have to DIY torch pillar for himself and French Leaders would rather Him do you give yourself.
 
The decision on this is the best surprise: the Buddha did not appoint a disciple or a group leader would replace Him at all, though at the time gather beside Him truth full of erudite disciple and most prestigious, such as A-nan-da, Ma-ha-Romaine, A-law, etc., just missing the ECHO and its benefits--Xa-hopea-was President of killing from six months ago, and just within fifteen days. The above decision of the Buddha clearly has to pass up on a common sexual practice in the field of supremacy beliefs as well as the other social activities.
 
Buddha's decision to select his replacement and French Leaders recommend that the disciples – and each of us today-is to DIY torch pillar for themselves, the result is a truly unique decision, saying his confidence up for people, not people always are docile and dependent forever on his own. Each person must have the duty and responsibility for yourself, to lit up the torch to help her see and follow steps that He outlined for himself. That decision led to the results like on line history of Buddhism after more than twenty-five centuries?
 
Not us today but who orphanage, is no longer seen teachers outside his mind anymore, but French Leaders then are still there, and if looking at the French Leaders and the step-by-step path, then we will see out his silhouette in mind of a barefoot teachers , both hands clutching the average Bowl are walked in front of her? Isn't that always the masters of their masters, without intermediaries, the path is always the way, without a bend at all, the island is always his own, as for yourself?
 
So we try to find out the true history of long line experience of Buddhism, the Buddha's coaching move were compliant and how to preserve can be brought to the present day? The torch was to pass to how much a hurricane, downs and challenges, most survive to the present, and the French Leader has also retained the honesty or not? We today have also walked right by the path that the Buddha has outlined or not?
 
College of business-bowl of Nirvana
 
            College-Bowl Nirvana Sutra by Pa-li (theMahaparinibbana-sutta) in the field (Digha Nikaya, DN) of Tibetan Scriptures (Sutta Pitaka), is considered a primitive economy recorded the words preaching and said the security of the Buddha, as well as the facts and events that occur on the final date when Buddha started weak pain and, as has been reported again detailed the final moments before the Buddha in the vast bowl of nirvana. In also many pieces of real dialogue and moving between the Buddha and his closest disciples is A-nan-da. So this is the most predominant texts help us to learn what the Buddha has to send the GAM for us today.
 

President kill Buddha (Japanese paintings, 16TH century)

           
In addition to texts on other version also titled is the Mahayana Nirvana Sutra Bowl-Era (Mahayana-Mahanirvana-sutra), also reported back to the final years of the Buddha, but was in Sanskrit writings and has been pairing some of the basic concepts of Mahayana Buddhism, such as the self of the Buddha (Tathagathagarbha/as Hybrid Organs) or Buddha (Buddhata/Buddha-svabhava). This experience also indicates that after integration into the College-Bowl of Nirvana, the Buddha will become a self (Ego/大我/Sanskrit is Mahamya).
 
College-Bowl Nirvana Sutra in Sanskrit writings into this century I after the Western calendar, but also has this theory that only began to appear in the middle of the second century. According to style and some terms carry local characteristics then this horror could have been formed in the region of South East water (present day Andhra Pradesh State). The original Sanskrit lost, monuments to present just a few discrete segments found in the caves in the region of Central Asia (Afghanistan) and in Japan. In summary is not to be confused between a business College-Bowl of Nirvana: a in Pa-li in the Tibetan and Han languages translated from a Sanskrit version has lost. The quote about the words of the Buddha in moving this article are based on a Pali language.
           

College of business-the Bowl Nirvana in Han dynasty, Sui dynasty (581-618)

 
In time the monastery school in India from 399 to 412, the Chinese monk France Show (337-422) was accidentally found a strange texts in Sanskrit title is the Mahayana Nirvana Sutra Bowl-Era at the House of a resident named in the United Kalasena City (Pataliputra, present day Patna). On returning to China he brought along a copy of this and then with a monk is the feeling of Gentleness (Buddhabhadra, 359-429, a master of Indian people) translated into Chinese in 417. This translation has caused the ECHO and create more deeply for Buddhism Chinese time, despite that the Buddhist concept of Computer in business has also been a high increase in China is the Scout (Dao Sheng, 355-382) and the average from the previous tournament, but has suffered a number of monks at the time attacked even worse. Only after a Chinese translation of the Sutra Mahayana College-Bowl of Nirvana was popularized Buddhism to China started a new interest in this new concept.
 
After that and also very true of surprise was the year 421 in southern China appeared a Chinese Mahayana 's other College-Bowl Nirvana Sutra by a monk who is Indian Dharmaksema translated from the original Sanskrit copy other hand found in Khotan (Hotan/Tin), a Buddhist Kingdom located on the Silk Road Today, in the province of Xinjiang (Xinjiang). The original Sanskrit has many new and different to do Gentle French monks carry on China before. First century announced this new Chinese translation are translated into Tibetan, and more recently, the two English translations have also been made based on the original Chinese over here: a by a Japanese person is Koso Yamamoto (1973-1975, Ube, Japan, consisting of 3 volumes) and a do a American is Mark Blum (2013 , Berkeley, USA, vol. 1). Also one of the most prominent Buddhist scholars in the modern era of French is Professor André Bareau has also been of interest and study of the events that occur in the time period before the Buddha destroyed President wrote a treatise titled episode "The last month of the Buddha" (Les derniers mois du Bouddha). The set consists of two books by treatises far eastern Archaeological field/publication BEFEO, vol. 1 and vol. 2, 1970, 1971. Although there have been many translations into French as well as in other Western languages, but more recently other scholars is a Môhan Wijayaratna also have room to add a French version of the great Nirvana Sutra Bowl- in Pa-li, titled as "the last journey of the Buddha" (Le dernier voyage du Bouddha , Lys, 1998). Details of raised above is to show-in addition to the importance of it-a business also reflects both a typical change process over time and space of a business, says Bollywood "distortion" and "expansion" of the Buddhist classics in General, shows a "dispersed" and "deviance" would it for the original Teachings of the Buddha.
 
The process of transformation of University-Baghdad Economic Nirvana on here-from the Pa-li to a Sanskrit and Chinese-can be viewed as a microcosm of the dispersion and distortion of the entire Teachings of the Buddha, for more than two thousand five hundred years before becoming "Buddhist beliefs" as it is today. Spectrum which can be divided into four stages: dọ step, stability, growth and decline, before the start of the Western world in the late NINETEENTH century.
 
After the Buddha President removal, the disciples are faced with a real space to big, they just feel orphaned not guide and just have to memorize and teachings of his Teachers to leave, most continue to learn together and handed down for generations. Dọ stage next step above is the stable phase started from the third century before Christ, when the Emperor Ashoka decide to take Buddhism out of the Valley of the River Ganges, and the formation of the Scriptures in Pa-li on the island of Ceylon, and Sanskrit on the Northwestern front West of the I century. At the same time in this period, then a new practice trends is Buddhism also began to take shape. Then the expansion phase starting from the second century, marked by the appearance of a master incredibly erudite is Nagarjuna, brought to the great power of Mahayana Buddhism. This development period also marked the golden era of Buddhism in India as well as the development of Buddhism in other Asian countries. High speed development stage on this end of the century XIII, when Buddhism had completely disappeared on the Indian subcontinent. After the events of which Buddhism wane, not a denominational or sectarian new school would be formed in this period. But more recently, a real surprise best event has happened, it is the admission of Buddhism in the Western world in the late NINETEENTH century, Buddhism has found in this new land a real environment adapted and convenient and are opening up a new stage of development of Buddhism in the great future.
 
 
Stage dọ step
 
After the removal, the President of each Buddha disciple understand teachings according to their ability, qualifications and time to Increase his Group to join. The most urgent task is how to remember and what they've been listening to the teaching and learning of French Leaders most of conservation. The purpose is not m t the extraordinary puzzle? Through nearly six centuries and three times "the episode" French Leaders don't know how many generations Bhikkhu stilts were jewelry, remember, memorize, learn, help each other learn, regulating and Teachings of the Buddha, before Tripiṭaka Business formed by the written word as the basis for the whole doctrine of Buddhism as it is today.
 
The Director Episode first French Property in the United Kingdom The
 
On the first rainy season, three months after the Buddha enter removal-according to some sources, the following year-i.e. in the middle of the summer-484-485, or before Christ, Rising 400 to 500 unit consists of around Division meeting each other in a big cave in the United Kingdom (Rajagraha), Hostel capital of Ma-da-masterpieces , next to the town of Patna in Bihar State today. Only a disciple is Gavampati, because older, sick leave in far and feel yourself coming out permanently, not to attend the Congress, which just posted courtesy the Sangha the vase and Bowl three suits KESA that I no longer use. Ma-ha-lettuce on this occasion was not sorry lyrics extolling the ethics and wisdom of the Bhikkhu stilts before the Congress, but he is also wary of the Bhikkhu should not on stilts to mimic her attitude that is conscious of its responsibility for French Leaders. Of giving the details on here is to show that in the first stage after the Buddha, kill the President has never had a breach in the Sangha.
 
As seniors for Ma-ha-Romaine stood out to preside Congress. In fact according to the hierarchical, the Ma-ha-Romaine is the third largest after the student Dormitories-benefits-echo and Items-hopea-contact, but both had naturalization kill nearly two years earlier. Ma-ha-A-nan-da lettuce invited up to the podium to repeat the teachings of Christ That Religion and must tell the truth knows is the Buddha had preached the word in the context and circumstances. A-nan-da rụa, til tears open the hand fully articulate the words That Christ's preaching Religion, do not add a Word.
 
From the narration of A-nan-da, the classics tradition were formed and six centuries later became the Tibetan Economy in Tibetan the Tam with written words on the island of Ceylon. After A-nan-narrative momentum and foremost what he heard and witnessed then a Bhikkhu stilts is-she-li (Upali) up to the podium to repeat the world which he had in mind. The world then this prohibition became Law in Tibetan Tibetan the Tam. But actually, chances are all the Bhikkhu stilts attend all have contributed, depending on memory capacity and understanding of yourself. Indeed, the A-nan-da also be Buddha who aides beside Him in 25 years following along on th ng his French Queen only. Before that, the disciple consecutively held this.
 
The books late writings of later recounted that after A-nan-da and Favor-she-li left the preaching and precepts, the Ma-ha-lettuce up podium Mint and give comments to award to the formation of Organs in the Organ Treatise, also called the abhidharma-Kosa (Abhidhamma). But if based on style and grammar as well as method arguments, then Tibet Comment can only be very late writings about later. The first French Leaders set times on here has lasted continuously for seven months.
 

The ruins of the abhidharma-Kosa in Sanskrit (India, II century)

 
            There was also a remarkable details in the great Bowl-Nirvana Sutra has the Buddha is said to protect A-nan-da that later the secondary precepts can also be changed. The response to this result Lok said up a thoughtfulness of Buddha in order to plan the case need to adapt act with the social and cultural context. But while confused and restless before increasingly health status decline of Buddha, A-nan-da was not promptly asked him are those precepts would be viewed as weak, and also so Ma-ha-Lynn Romaine statement before the General Assembly is in the current context must hold all the precepts. Before closing, the Congress choice and nominate some of the Bhikkhu stilts have good memory and erudite, each person must do in a classic section and about the newly codified law, to transfer back to the disciples in his troop increase.
 
Why the tu must memorize the word of Buddha's preaching truth extremely obvious and inevitable, because at the time in the Valley of the Ganges River as well as on the Indian subcontinent as a whole have yet to be written. However under a different perspective then the initiator up to the words of the Buddha first is also a way to help the people around her were listened to, then is to create an atmosphere of lively and monologue the sacred Faculty of teachers no longer in next to her. Chorus up or litigation over the word of the Buddha's preaching also a concrete way to help yourself into the main sermon. The Bhikkhu stilts are regularly meeting each other back to the initiator up for another listen preaching of faraway Masters, if people would remember wrong or forget the paragraph would then prompt the others. Even later when there were books by the written word, the rote learning still exists and this may be the reason the traditional notion of proceedings taken to the spice and the secular people.
 
Anyway memorized the classics in the period of "dọ step" when no text is also creating a form of collective memory aims to preserve and save the transmission teachings of the Buddha. Prompt go repeat the event thought nor is redundant, because it is helping us admire and don't forget you don't know how much the generation Bhikkhu on stilts in the past have efforts in conservation and handed the teachings of the Buddha. As if there they ask us today have inherited fortune or valuable? Look back at ourselves today then try asking a few who is hard to learn and learn from books or just like to read the articles and listen to lectures in shallow, reflects the ego of the person written or who preach rather than seek to learn and to be honest the Buddha's Teachings? Not the attitude is an ungrateful but also a betrayal of the extraordinary efforts of generations of past austerities.
           
The Director episode France second in Defense-XA-li
           
Once the second set held about 130 years or 160 years after the Buddha Chair removal, in a place called Wai-dormitories-li (Vaisali), today's Patna town about 40 kilometres. Once this aggregation by a disciple of A-nan-da Da-dormitory (Yasa) convened with the help of A-la-elder Han (mahathera, venerable, elders) in the Sangha is Sarvakama and, gathering more than 700 Revata Bhikkhu stilts. The Congress was also the King of ghost-masterpiece-da is sponsored Kalashoka. In the second episode, the entire doctrine remain unchanged as the second episode, but for the precepts then started happening much controversy, leading to a couple of cracking in the Sangha.
 
In fact the cause of the condition this rift is not too difficult to understand, because after more than a hundred years, cultural habits, as well as the social activities do not copy from these changes, the Sangha spread cool, a few precepts are no longer completely adapted to the circumstances of the group in the local stilts Bhikkhu separated from each other. That's not to mention some of the Bhikkhu stilts leadership also can have these views with more or less distinct, or strict or more open. So in the second episode of the Congress, the main theme is carried out is almost n lu just revolve around the issue of precepts. The most special is that Congress has raised "ten acts" that some of Bhikkhu stilts time usually do not comply are: the austerities are not allowed to use these widgets are native animals (such as horns, tusks, bones, skin ..., such as the time the horns are often used to contain salt); do not eat after noon; not be allowed to return to his village to eat more (after having used what he had actually been qifu gangui); not receive gold and silver by the American donation (in some cases only receive the shirt fabrics KESA); not allowed to put out an important decision without the approval of the Sangha as a whole; the Bhikkhu on stilts in a group or in the same area is not allowed enforcement of public repentance ritual with each other (because that can happen the concessions), etc. 24-repentance (upasotha) were held four times in a month, on days 1, 8, on the full moon and on October 23, in the days of the Bhikkhu stilts are meeting again and turns the chorus on the precepts (patimokkha) If there's any position while listening to a found precepts would then have to confess, the Sangha will reprimand or expels the Bhikkhu stilts violates world living out of the whole Sangha within a short time or long, depending on the severity of the Act. The exception can also be permanently if the offense into the world of serious prohibited parajika (/ba-la-di) as intentionally kill (murder), theft, deviant sex, lie.
 
However, that the most important decision of the Congress the second episode is continuing to hold catechism part was codified in the first episode, but in fact even before the Congress was held, apparently in the Sangha also have two different cultivation Guide : one is "conservative" and one is "openness". Then each route gradually led to the formation of many different schools. Books of the schools on here are very late writings about this later when there was the written word, have spoken to the times this second episode, but many details not be uniform between schools, such as the schools in the group "conservative" were raised about "ten" on here but not identical Meanwhile, the Group of "openness" does not mention the ten precepts prohibiting this that only cares about being allowed to receive, use and possession of gold and silver. In a nutshell Act was the subject of controversy between the two largely conservative and openly in the Congress of the second episode, but it could also be the sign of a fractured and separated by the great Sangha of precepts and doctrines.
 
The Director episode of France third in United City
 
After the second French Leaders set on it, the separation between the two groups of "conservative" and "openness" is becoming more pronounced: the first group called Sthavira, Sthavirya or Sthaviravadin (the elders or the teachings of the ancients, from chapter of the sthavira word in Sanskrit was the "old" or "ancient people" , stharviravadin is "the theory of the ancients", the word, the Pa- thera in li means similarity with the word sthavira in Sanskrit, thus "Theravada Buddhist" means from the chapter as "old people's Buddhism") and the second group is the Mahasamghika (Mahāsāṃghika, meaning from large Group, i.e. the increase in the majority and tend to be more "radical"). The group criticised the Sthavira group Mahasamghika is deviance, go out the French Leaders. In addition to the dissidents on the precepts above, also vulnerable to Spain many different expressions and understanding about the deep meaning in the teachings of the Buddha, and from there did arise out of many different schools, including inside each group. People often say is all about from 18 to 20 schools, but if the analyze and compare carefully between the listings by the schools put out later-i.e. when there was the written word-it will find that there are many schools but different but same name, or conversely many denominational school bringing different name but in fact is only a single faction. If counting out the numbers of schools could be doubled, so that some Western scholars sometimes stated to be approximated is located nearly 30 different schools. In fact, if careful analysis would see the difference between the schools not on the aspect of philosophy or doctrine and only related to the target practice was set at a modest level or raised high and real truth "ideal".
 
In fact, actually the above schools started by harsh and formed quite early, about 150 years after the Buddha, kill the President, but then the Sangha has retained the unity, the "study" is just the "group" within the Sangha advocates the viewpoint with little differences , reflect the personality, the trend and the level of understanding between the Bhikkhu stilts only. The separation between the schools only really happens after the reign of Emperor Ashoka decline, i.e. in the late century III before Christ., Oil separation between the schools time just necessarily relate to the interpretation of the teachings of the Buddha and also is in the field of world law , but did not affect the practice and the General activities of the Sangha.
 
The Congress set the third French Leaders held in the United States City (Pataliputra) former capital of Ma-da-masterpieces, from the King A-beams-built from the (Ajatasattu) year-490 before Christ, and the III century-when the Congress was held for the third episode-became the capital of Emperor Ashoka. According to archaeologists, the Flower-Market-The reign of this emperor, is a large, affluent Centre and East of the island in the world, with a population of about 150,000 to 300,000 people. Today, the United City News is the city of Patna with about 1.7000.000 inhabitants located in the State of Bihar, is one of the poorest State in the country.
 
The third result set times downright "trouble" on all sides: from the history, the Catechism as well as the context of the Sangha. Many Western scholars believe that the Congress of the third episode actually consists of several different Congress, held between groups or different schools, but both are referred to as "the third volume in the flower City". Of this theory was raised is because books due to the later writings schools give many details, such as location, date, organization and all the topics raised in the Congress were not a coincidence. The cause may be because of the schools, or for reasons of dissidents should not be meeting with each other, but can also think that the reign of the Emperor Ashoka, Buddhism developed elevations, the Sangha, divided into many groups scattered on the whole Indian subcontinent : every where a Sangha, each region a "schools". The Organization of a Conference gathering the whole Sangha represents all the non-school stars performed because the means of communication and movement time not be like today, and also not as twice the previous episode is only narrow in the Ganges River Valley. There is concrete evidence of a Congress of French Leaders aggregation "Tuesday" was the position quite soon after the end of the second episode, time with the intent to discuss increasing the Corps started harsh nha separated into two groups: "conservative" and "liberal". This Congress is recorded in books by Pa-li of the Theravada Buddhist on the island of Ceylon, and also called "French Director aggregation times United City".
Before the situation complicated and troublesome in terms of use of the above materials, this article will refer to the Congress by the aggregation of Emperor Ashoka held on the 19th year of his reign, and if based on timeline of Buddhism are the Western scholars widely recognized then was about five-305 before Christ , i.e. 236 years after the Buddha Chair. The happenings and the details about the Congress raised the volume recorded in the Scriptures by Pa-li and Singhalese on the island of Ceylon.
 
Quite an event worthy of special note is the third episode of Emperor Ashoka convened never did anything to the separation between the two groups of "conservative" (Sthaviravadin) and "progressive" (Mahasanghika), and also not found raised the dissidents between two groups about the concept because of the very influential monk time is Mahadeva raised for that can form of enlightenment the A-la-Han is not able to form perfect Enlightenment. The dissidents could be one of the main causes of weakness led to the separation between the two groups of "conservative" and "liberal". The Congress of the episode by the Emperor Ashoka held only argue about the differences between the schools in General in the conservative Sthaviravadin group only-such as between Vibhajyavadin schools (distinction) with the schools as Sammitiya (the Chief Justice) and Sarvastivada (necessarily owners). In addition the Congress also targeted a key true purpose is purification of the Sangha to remove those components use and lack of ability.
 
A-is a emperors very devotion to Buddhism, the Emperor of the Zhou dynasty had brought the issue to the Sangha, building pagodas and stupas all over the place. Who is granted the minimum needs such as clothing, medications, shelter ... The generosity of the Emperor Ashoka had attracted many exporting countries, increased Delegation to become crowded, but no stars out of some ingredients, pots and lack of ability. Books said is that many do not belong to both the precepts (patimokkha) and also not repentance (uposatha). They preach indiscriminately, invented the theory of deviant, set out a variety of rituals and absorb the disciple aims to invest profitably. Emperor Ashoka had to personally and expels the ingredients, he entrusted the Organization as well as to the National Congress presided was a Venerable Items-hopea-Foursome-the Roman Empire-tu (Mahathera Moggaliputta Tissa,-327-247 before Christ), it is also the teacher of the Emperor Ashoka and his son Crown Prince Ma-hi-da (Mahinda).
 
Among the sixty thousand Bhikkhu-on stilts in the water, your-hopea-Foursome-the Roman Empire-tu just pick out are a thousand had the ability to crush Tibetan Economy and law in Tibetan, was allowed to attend the Congress. In addition to preside the discussions aimed at regulating the classics and act with the aim of eliminating the views deviance, mistakes, and Items-hopea-Foursome-the Roman Empire-tu also founded a small group composed of the Bhikkhu stilts erudite for help he drafted a summary of the results of the Congress. This treatise is titled episode Kathavatthu -Pa-li meaning is the subject of debate -consisting of twenty-three chapters, raised over two hundred different themes in the form of "q & a", with the intent to refute the philosophical predisposition deviance as well as false doctrine arises in time. Kathavatthu episode later was general Organ Transplant Debate in Pa-li and is the fifth episode of the seven episodes of this organ.
 
There also arises on the sidelines of a Congress of the new schools within the conservative group is Sthaviravadin Vibhajyavadin (Distinction) by the Items-hopea-Quartet-home-tu Empire. The concept of this school primarily is that all phenomena are for variety will become non-current-owner on one: an action in the past when it was converted into the result itself-i.e.-action will no longer exist, and due to that Nirvana would also no longer be a necessity as a dose of such a remedy reconcile again in other words, is Nirvana itself will also be Emptiness after gained Enlightenment. schools Main led to the formation of the Theravada Buddhist on the island of Ceylon.
 
After the closing of the Congress, the Emperor Ashoka and he took an important decision is to put French Leaders out of the Valley of the Ganges. He established nine mission missionary, guided by the most wise man on stilts, Bhikkhu sent across the Indian subcontinent and all outside of his empire : about the West as Greece and the countries of the Middle East, on the East is Suvannabhumi (Burma) and on the South is the island of Tambapanni i.e. area of Milan. The most special is the mission to be sent Tampapanni/Ceylon has been the son of the Emperor Ashoka is Prince Ma-hi-da guide retinue including the monk Ittiya, Uttiya, Sambala and Bhaddasala. In addition to the number of business and law must "rote", they also carry the Kathavatthu commentary on the episode here and both the tenets of Vibhajyavadin schools (segregation) by Items-hopea-Foursome-the Roman Empire-tu founder.
 
In summary determination Buddhism out of the Valley of the Ganges of the Emperor Ashoka brought the incredibly spectacular impact, affecting all fields of society, culture, philosophy and beliefs are not those for the whole of the Indian subcontinent that both the Near East and Asian countries.
 
French leaders from oral to written words
 
After Prince Ma-hi-da and the mission had just set foot on the island of Ceylon, then one day they accidentally meet this King Devanampiya tissa-is are going hunting. Two friendly parties together and Ma-hi-da was persuaded by King Devanampiya tissa-Buddhism. Ten years later the first temples on the island of Ceylon is Mahavihara (Monasteries) was built in the capital Anuradhapura. Riley Temple marks the establishment of Buddhism on this tiny portions.
 
Really awfully obvious, fundamental tenets of Buddhism in Ceylon-i.e. Theravada Buddhist later-built on a foundation of innovative doctrine of conservative group Sthaviravadin, and revolves around the philosophical schools of the Vibhajyavada (Distinguish The meaning of this word, it is the doctrine advocated segregation). This schools that all phenomena (dharma) "don't really exist" (phenomena after moving into result news is becoming a phenomenon, itself will no longer exist anymore), aimed against the "real" perspective of the Sarvastivada schools (Necessarily Owners) that all phenomena are "necessarily true". In addition to Buddhism developed on the island of Ceylon is also advocated in the world only has a single Buddha are the Buddha-Like history, and only the books by Pa-li (Tripiṭaka) true new are the words of his sermon.
 
In the second century before Christ, i.e. less than a century after Buddhism was introduced into Ceylon Tamil people from southern India overflowed onto the island looted, killed monks and spread chaos all over the place. In-109 (before Christ) the King of Ceylon's Tamil people were dislodged Dutthagamani off the island, but in-46 (before Christ) the Tamil people back again spill onto the island looted during fifteen years. The King of Ceylon time is thanks to the help of Vattagamani a monk named Abbot Mahatissa a temple in a remote local capital, have dislodged Tamil people out of the island. To reward this monk, King Vatthagamani built him a temple Riley right in the capital Anuradhapura. The brightest leaders see Monasteries and he brought expulsion from the Sangha monks official on the island. History of Ceylon also recorded more Mahatissa monk is subsequently founded a breakaway group known as the Dhammaruciya increases. The decision of the Monasteries expels Mahatissa monks can be a form of punishment, as the monk violated the Act when involved in the armed soldiers, but also may have reflected a certain jealousy.
 
In addition to the two hypotheses above due to the scholars and historians raised, people write this line also raised a more saying the other speculation, is at the Northwestern began to appear many ideological trends signal the formation of Mahayana Buddhism, the trend could also have introduced into Ceylon and brought to the dissidents in The Sangha on the island. The occasion was the King Vatthagamani help, Mahatissa monks were split off to form a separate Group advocated increased a few tenets views close to the Mahayana ideology on the northern Indian, and so caused Increasing official Delegation Monasteries decided to record books on leaves set in most of the conservation of the honesty of the Teachings by the Buddha stated. Anyway, here is one theory, indeed the way far more than twenty centuries, rare materials, finding out an often must rely on speculation.
 
With regard to the cause led to the decision to record books up the leaf sheet set theory are many scholars and historians accept than is split in the Sangha and State in Tamil people fear nớp nơm from South India may spill onto the island looted at any time , led the official Delegation Increases leadership in Monasteries for the classic notes up the leaves sheet set, in order to preserve French Leaders by a method rather than rote learning, because in the context of the disturbances and dispersion of the Sangha, the real most dangerous searches , established and maintained the Group had good memory specialist stilts Bhikkhu learn in books. Whatever the reason, the above decision of the Monasteries on the island of Ceylon also brings an unparalleled importance, creating a truly effective means of conservation, keep and promote the Teachings of the Buddha, opens a new stage on the history of the development of Buddhism in General.
 
 
The stable phase
 
Can understand the stable period as a stage where the Buddha's Teachings and the corrective system after dọ period piece lasted nearly three centuries after the Buddha Chair. This period was marked by two events or important historical landmarks: the first is the French Director aggregation Congress last Tuesday by the Emperor Ashoka the III century organization before the calendar in order to purify the views more spasms, deviations and mistakes, and then the decision of the Monasteries on the island Tich lan for classic notes on leaves set on about the I century before Christ. In conclusion is this stable period can be viewed as starting from the third century before Christ to the Congress the third French Leaders aggregation to the end I after century of Western Tibet Tibetan Law and when the Calendar started to be formed with the letter written on the island of Ceylon. Tibet's own conclusion is a special case because only truly completed in XI century.
 
After being recorded in words written on the island of Ceylon, the Teachings of the Buddha which becomes "stable" and "more accurate", means avoiding the less the addendum, deviations or deficiencies can occur with memorized method before. General letter writing is a communication tool and real ideas conveyed effectively. The historic event thanks to the written word also becomes more accurate.
 
The popular books by the written word
 
Nowadays when looking at the Tibet Economy recorded the teachings of the Buddha, then all of us amazing unavoidable-or at least admiration-the efforts of the people of old, because the classic number recorded in Tibet this truth very voluminous. All five "sets" (kaya):
 
-School (Digha Nikaya): includes 34 business article length (some equivalent of a book).
-Central (Majjhima Nikaya): includes 152 items of business with the average length.
-Samyutta Nikaya (Samyutta Nikaya): include the business post is ongoing and coherent, including all is 2889.
-Increase For The (Anguttara Nikaya Nikaya): is the trading post numbered according to the order, and depending on how the system and statistics, the Ministry of economy comprises from 2300 to 8777.
Khuddaka Nikaya-(Nikaya): is the trading post is short, consisting of 18 volumes, each volume includes dozens or hundreds of different articles. Please highlight the case of the Dhammapada (Dhammapada, the word pada meaning "poetry", "poetry" or "verse", the word "OWL" is Chinese, so thought if really want to Vietnamese translation it should be translated as "The verse of the French Leader" just from chapters, easier to understand and closer to the reader? The word Dhamma in this case means that French Leaders, if the room is France not enough sense, so if the literal translation Dhammapada is the Dhammapada did not mean anything at all), is one of the 18 volumes of The Emirates, is presented under "poetry" and include all 26 chapters and 423. Experience the Dhammapada itself also has a booklet full of real, profound and philosophical songs, it should understand the word "minor" in The Economy, meaning "short" and did not mean a small business or Ministry.
  

Tripiṭaka Buddhist Thailand's Economy

 
The number of giant economy in Tibet shows only the written word can record off and most are kept is honest and can pass from the oblivion of people only. The reality has proven that: the British people had discovered the precious treasure with the letter written on the island of Ceylon, and then a British officer Rhys Davids had brought Tibetan the Tam Business of England to translate and move to the language. Rhys Davids established "Text Association Pa-li" (Pali Text Society) in 1881 to call for larger involvement of other scholars, most of the help for the translation is more scale. This association is still activity continued until today. The trading post in Tibetan translation into English has a huge popularity than other scriptures in Sanskrit, Chinese, Mongolian or Tibetan, and has made for a whole generation of scholars, philosophers, the wise man time in European countries such as France , Germany, Russia ... are staggering. They then rushed to learn, research, translating the Buddhist scriptures in Pa-li and even Sanskrit. This is the first step that Buddhism has set foot on the continent of Europe.
 
Npublic books or by written word have marked a period of extremely important on the historical development of Buddhism. Visual memory, i.e. readings, help for auditory memory and has contributed to the dissemination of ideas of the Buddha. The appearance of the books by the written word seems to have lit up a torch is very real, very specifically, is no longer in memory and inner side of humans anymore , which is the leaf sheet set in the past and the book page by "black ink white paper" today. But bring a lot of advantages unparalleled, but under a different perspective, books by the written word also shows a loss, because many people can see French Leaders and Teachings of the Buddha is what outside yourself, is no longer the torches lit up the inside of his heart and mind to direct the pillar for himself : some austerities no longer know what is the notion of proceeding further.
 
The handwriting appeared in India in the third century before Christ, according to some scholars, the if had only earlier in the century IV before the schedule was more. Oil, at the time of the Buddha-MICRO century before Christ-and over twice the Volume of French Leaders first, memorizing and preserving French Leaders have no means other than word of mouth. But since the third century before Christ, when the Emperor Ashoka organization the French Leaders for the third episode, the writing was popular in India, evidence is the head stone and stone carving recording the edict of the Emperor's reign in many different languages, and the cast coins found at various places on the Indian soil has inscription. However the work discussed and debated in the Congress of the French Leader's third episode on here, seems to continue to be based on the classics of mouth due to the Bhikkhu reciting on stilts in the sessions of the General Assembly. This event can be explained in two hypotheses: whether there was the written word but still keep the Sangha tradition in order to preserve the sacred and vivid personality in the teachings of the Buddha, or can also be the education period is not yet widespread in folk so don't you people in the Sangha is fluent in the written word. In addition the paper writing on time is also not yet in India, the specific evidence that two centuries later the record books on the island of Ceylon still must use the leaf set. Letters written during the reign of Emperor Ashoka which can also only be used to record the only instance on the rock face, and at the time maybe less people know read (?). Anyway, the cast and the results yielded from the discussion and debate of the Congress also had the Chancellor has been chronicled by the written word, and this book was the son of Emperor Ashoka personally brought up the island of Ceylon.
 
The head of the Emperor Ashoka is engraved with four different language: language Brahmi (brahmi letters Word Brahma, Brahma that out, that is a kind of language is sacred, can be understood as a language category of the Royal Court used to cross the only example); the second language is Kharosthi arises in the middle of the century III before the calendar in the region of Gandhara (Pakistan and Afghanistan) is the written word of a language that is very common in the residential areas along the Silk Road. However many scholars also believe that this type of language is a unique invention of India used to write Sanskrit language, because at the time the Sanskrit language is also quite popular in some of the United Kingdom in the Empire of Emperor Ashoka; third-language category is Greek; and the fourth is Aramean (aramaic) is derived from the languages of Asia-Africa, quite common in the region of the Middle East. The event above shows is the written word carries many different origins were quite popular in the territory of the Emperor Ashoka, but as was said to the above, the written word can only be used in the administrative and commercial.
 
Among the language on here, the Brahmi language is more popular and then deformed to become many kinds of language used to write copy in other languages of the local region on the Indian subcontinent. The type of language this Brahmi continued to strain after being transmitted to other countries and has become this country's handwriting. In Southeast Asia the Brahmi language type variable can become writing of Ceylon, Burma, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Cham, Indonêxia ..., in contrast to the North, the Brahmi language continue to be variations to become the written words of Tibet, Nepal, Mongolia, Korea and affects both Japan's handwriting.
 
The written word holds a role of utmost importance for human civilization. On the evolution of humanity, the written word marks the boundary separating the lizard fog of the prehistoric period, and accuracy of the true history of the period. But the case of the Ganges River Valley is an exception, the classics tradition has turned three centuries not written words of India became the stage of history, because the classics, in addition to the retention and dissemination of an ideological background a transcendent in human history , and is both a treasure "historical record" it's rich from all sides: from beliefs, culture, society, until the customs of the tribes living in the United Kingdom in the Valley of the Ganges.

 

Brahmi language carved on the wall of a stupa in Sanchi (Chi-) located in the State of Madhya Pradesh today (III century before Christ, under the reign of Emperor Ashoka).

 
 
In summary words written as a means to record history, stored and spread ideas. but the letters also need to an indispensable condition is the paper written. The present paper is only popular in India starting from the XII century. Before that the means used to write just the face stones, bark, copper panels ... and leaves the set. But the leaf is set then again susceptible to termites and rot, not permanent, and therefore can also think that the written word has been widely used in the classic records while the Congress of the third episode, and also is before then, right from when India started writing but not to sign. Or can also think that the classic notes on time also is just a way to help bring the memory of individual personality, memorized is still the predominant medium. Kathavatthu commentary episode star oil recorded the results of the Congress the third episode is also a concrete evidence. If the handwriting is an important factor in the writing paper is also a necessary condition and effectively contribute to the dissemination of ideas.
 
Paper writing and promoting civility and belief
 
China knows the working paper from very long life, the pieces of "paper" rude found in China from the EIGHTH century before Christ, the paper is similar to present day made of bamboo powder, flour, flax or hemp was invented before the third century, but the Chinese kept secret not taught other peoples for all. However the historical data indicates that the year 372 Imperial China sent a monk to Korea to spread Buddhism. Then not long into the V century, the people in the country know working paper, probably thanks to Chinese monks taught to copy books. In 610, back to weekly a Korean monk named Doncho in one trip to Japan was passed back to the monks on the island doing both the ink and paper to copy books. On the starboard side of the western border of China, nearly two centuries later, the news was about the late selling of the VIII century, Muslims have also learned how to make Chinese paper, but in a particular case and many more surprises.
 
In the VIII century, sales China and occupied a large part of the region of Central Asia and the Near East, such as the Hindu-Kush and Pamir-what is today Afghanistan. Meanwhile the Arab people under the reign of Abbas Abu al-Abbas As-Saffah, occupy and control a large region in the North of Afghanistan, including Tadschikistan and part of Uzbekistan. In 740 under the threat and the expansion of the Arab people, the vassal of China in panic and he studies bridge, but it was not until the year 747 when the Silk Road actually suffered harm interfere with trade of China, then the Tang emperor Xuanzong, at that new, to send troops to the region. The General Cao Thien Chi utriusque (Kao Sien-chih) Korean descent, Commander of an army consisting of 10000 and 20000 of Han people of Turkish descent known as the Karluk nomadic (also written as Qarlug) living in the areas controlled by the vassal of China. On the way, Gen. Kao Angel Releases caught the King of Tachkent (in present-day Uzbekistan) bring out beheaded for not tribute. The historian said that is probably because this King based on the Asian people's United are up so no Chinese dynasty. The son of this King to escape distress unto the Empire's Abbas Asia-United Arab Emirates. A general ben Ziyad Salih was nominated utriusque a Asia-United Arab Emirates consists of 100,000 people, including both the original Turks speak, pulling against the Chinese army arrived. The numbers of troops on the two armies of China and Asia-United Arab Emirates is by Western historians estimate, because the figures recorded in the histories of both China and the Arab people are totally in reverse.
 
In July the two armies 751 borders the Talas River hand-in of Kirghizistan near the town of Taraz Kazakhstan today. The two sides battle armor, the Chinese lost to. According to the history of China, after five days of Asia-Arab military dogfights prevailed because more and at the same time, a number of Turkish soldiers in the ranks of his nomadic treason, fled to join Asian-Arab Army. The Chinese have just fled had just killed the Turkish troops remaining in its ranks. According to the document, the Chinese-Arab Asia consists of 150,000 people, while the troops of the Arab-Asian only 40000 20000 more people including the Chief Justice of the Turkish root, all are very brave and full of faith. In contrast according to Chinese sources, the army included 150,000 Arab-Asian people and they hit hard because the fanatics, while the Chinese army has just less than both remotely to take back power. From indefinitely defeat then seek excuses, the winner of the wild huyênh inflate and celebrate the victory, the truth of history often been modified or concealed is like.
 
The Department of long lines like the above is because the battle of Talas are very important for the whole region of Central Asia and related to the history of both Eastern and Western world. The battle of Talas was fought just insignificant, but outlined the borders of China to the West, because after this battle China no longer thinking of his empire expansion in this direction. For Asia, although won the battle but they also don't think to expand more territory in the East, that keep spreading Islam to the West in the Central Asian region, and to the South in the region of the Near East. Before the Citadel of Islamic faith extremely solidly, Chinese Buddhism as well as India cannot grow beyond the western border of the country. Promotion ten a century later-i.e. in the nineteenth century-through the movement seized the colony, the new Europe begins to know to Buddhism, and thanks to the way the sea they brought Buddhism to the Western world.
 
In addition, and also very true of surprise is the battle of Talas also brings a different transformation no less important. The Asia United caught many Chinese prisoners as slaves and sold in major metropolitan time as Samarkand (Uzbekistan), Baghdad (Iraq) and the Damask (Syria). Some of the Chinese slaves know working paper, raising silkworms and weaving silk, and they have taught the profession for the Arab people. The paper is an extremely effective means in the dissemination of the Koran, the art industry, the scientific and technical knowledge, and have also contributed to the development of the Arab-Asian trade. Islam was formed in the SEVENTH century in Saudi Arabia, and the way the paper learned of the Chinese slaves in the VIII century has brought this belief in an extremely popular means. The paper generally has to bring the Islamic civilization a golden period for extending from the VIII century to the end of XIII century. During this period, the Europe still swim in the middle ages, during the V century to XV century.
 
The Koran copy on paper appear in Baghdad (Iraq) in the year 793, in Cairo (Egypt) in 900, in Spain in 1056, later in southern France to the XIII century. People of Europe learned to make paper of the Arab people and self produced starting from 1050 decade. The countries of southern Europe know working paper earlier than Northern countries, such as Spain and the island Sicile started doing a paper on the century XII, XIII century. Tender first paper on French soil is set in the city of Troyes in 1348 and in Germany in 1390. Today the paper still has a hugely important role in human civilization, but a new medium was invented and apparently are gradually overtake the role of paper: it is digital and the Internet. The practice must be conscious of the importance of this media in learning as well as Hong France. Unfortunately the majority of those who practice himself but every computer then just to read what waste and distract, or view the nh provoke the primary instinct for her. Should understand that what you sent or transferred to another person through the internet network, to reflect real energy pulses visibly, the level of understanding as well as the desire and the desire of his edit, and that was the way that the other reviews.
 
General aspects of Buddhist scriptures by the written word
 
Back to the Indian subcontinent, the Indian who learned the secret of making paper in the twelfth century. Meanwhile, the Buddhist scriptures in Pa-li has been recorded on background leaves before I century. But the booklet by leaf set bulky and do not hold so long but also an unparalleled advantage to conserve and preserve the Buddha's Teachings. Books that taste wise-stilts Bhikkhu 1000 i.e. the educated and literate in the Sangha-day night out jewelry made of works recorded on this massive and after one year then finished. The number 1000 Bhikkhu stilts wise has a good memory in the Monasteries on time may be slightly exaggerated? More time for completing the Tripiṭaka Business within a year, the Western scholars do not believe and think that this job requires a long time. With the number of giant classical Tibetan the Tam's Business as it is today, then the recall and record every word must also extends at least dozens of years or more. In addition to cutting the leaves, boiled, pressed leaves, pulleys and dried before writing is also very elaborately (see annex 1), that's not to mention the case to review, discuss, consultation between the Bhikkhu stilts together before writing up the leaf set. Later this experience by the Burmese monk recounts when copying Scriptures then each sheet set leaves just write up to six lines of text, and each of the monks can only copy one or two sheets each day is plenty. So can think Tripiṭaka on leaves is set at first can also only a brief and incomplete. The completion of the entire Tibetan the Tam Business today needs a time field. So what is Business Tripiṭaka?
 
Several features about Economic Tripiṭaka
 
Please allow the port raised below a few fairly general lines to explain what is, most Experienced Tripiṭaka helps some readers may not have any occasion to learn about this organ, and so also please give error with those read more. wall am Learning and learn Tibetan the Tam Business for a practice-whether in schools or sectarianism-it's extremely important, because it is the basis of all Buddhist teachings.
 
The first organ in three Tibetan Tibet is law (Vinaya), raised the world banned and the words pray preserving ethics (pratimoksa) that the tu must comply. Those who practice in the home must also comply with a ban and some ethical rules in the law on Organ, but less so with the people. In compliance with the Act and the code of ethics is the same as a cleanup to cultivation. The plant can only rise, not true flowers and hearts from a well. The Buddha itself has also been true compliance with the precepts and stringency of rules of ethics, which is the practical experience of him, directly reflects the Enlightenment of himself.
 
Comply with precepts as a aims to voluntarily bring himself a determination and help her pass up on the lifestyle of greed, cling and the value of the Convention and of the society, gives her a high bar and pure lifestyle. That lifestyle is not a sentence nệ, afloat but rather an expansion, help yourself to know the sense of his responsibility for his own life and that of all beings, help yourself to know love and gives her a delight and harmony deep far from body to mind. Wisdom can only arise from a life always, serene and in the morning only. Buddhism gender and ethical prohibition placed on top is so, and the Buddha is a mirror stand and most brilliant for us to soi.
 
The second organ is the Organ (Suttapithaka) records the preaching of Buddha in the form of "business". The letter s in the word Suttapithakautta 's Pa-li, is the Sanskrit sutra, meaning from the chapter is "the road" sutures, Han as "experience" (經) and also means the thread, it comes up a coherent doctrine and systems constantly. The trading post is the response to the preaching of Buddha because a close disciple of the Buddha is A-nan-da, thanks to his extraordinary memory, has left Congress the first French Director file. That's why the post usually begins with the sentence: "Evam me sutam...", which means "I've ever heard like this...", here is how to validate the teachings in the post is by the Buddha preaching, and also as a way to help distinguish this article with the main article is later than the writings of Mahayana Buddhism (readers can see more on this topic in an article titled as "Three rounds of French Leaders Wheel spin along the formation of Buddhist classics" on the library network page Lotus Flower).
 
After attaining Enlightenment, the Buddha preaching throughout the forty-five years, and during the first twenty years of the disciples alternating as Assistant in the preaching at Him and communicate, and only after that He decided to select A-nan-da as the official for his assistant. Whether for your memory A-nan-da has a couple ways extraordinary, fine arts of all the Buddha's preaching, especially during the period of time that A-nan-da not yet as aides frequently next to Him. Anyway the choice A-nan-da took this job in 25 years following his sermon, the result is an extremely wise decision with a very far in the future vision of the Buddha is affordable. the way that the Buddha was prepared before the circulating teachings for us today?
 
The third Tibetan in Tibet is Tibet, Tam, also known as A-Bhikkhu-Kosa, A-Bhikkhu-talks, French Victory, For France, French irrational, etc, Pa-li is Abhidhamma, Sanskrit is the Abhidharma, Abhi means "higher", "rise above", "beyond" and also means "super high" or "refined"; the word dhamma/dharma in this case does not mean the French Leader that just means the "phenomenon". In a nutshell can understand Tibet's treatise is titled "subliminal or understanding deeply the phenomenon", if translated from Chinese as a French Victory, For France, an infinite-Range French magic France aspect ratio... the result is more confusing for some people).
 
This organ giving the allegory and the analysis of the phenomena of cosmology, philosophy, metaphysics, psychology, cognitive learning, etc. to help us understand the nature of the universe and man. Should understand the word phenomenon/dhamma/dharma in Buddhism carried very wide sense, that is all that we can perceive with (Pentagon and mind), that is what we can see, touch, hear, smell, taste was ... in the external context and, what happens inside the mind, including what shows up in the dream, that is what we can perceive, visualize, imagine or recall, including the illusions or hallucinations. In summary deliberate Organ treatise is bringing us a "deep understanding and the purest pass up on the awareness of pollution, limited and crude, governed by instincts and the operation of the Convention and the duality of the mind. That understanding also called wisdom, a particular term and of Buddhism.
 
Traditionally Tibetan Comments started to be formed from the period of the Buddha in the world and also the Ma-ha-Romaine has reiterated before the end of the episode the French Director Congress, but if based on the style, and the way the arguments then Tibet Comment can only be very late writings about later. This is evident and has also been proven in practice: the Organ in conclusion is due to the multiple master before work, and the Organs Conclude due to different schools aren't giving th ng for.
 
The different perspectives in Tibetan Commentary
 
There are at least two schools in particular attention to the analysis and learn the Teachings of the Buddha, which is the Sarvastivadin sect school (Necessarily Owners) have disappeared into the VIII century, and Theravada schools (Primitive Buddhism/Southern Tribe) formed on the island of Ceylon and is still developing today. Learn the Sarvastivadin sect known as the Sarvastivada sect advocated a notion that every current very real phenomena, which means according to this study, a phenomenon once occurred will not totally disappear but also continue to exist in the form of consequences. The word is a Sarvastivadin digraphs include signature sarva means alltext, asti is present, and the word vadin is the people for that. Learn the Sarvastivadin sect formed about 300 years after the Buddha destroyed President (under the reign of Emperor Ashoka), is a major development in the schools of the West Indian countries, such as Kashmir and Gandhara (Gandhara, is a Kingdom in Afghanistan and Northwest Pakistan today). Most of the ancient scriptures in Sanskrit are the writings of this school, some were translated into Chinese and Tibetan.
 
General on the philosophical aspects of two pathways of expression of the Buddha's Teachings led to the formation of the "two" By-products of different Arguments. The differences are so profound and complicated, so in the framework of this article just raised a few strokes outline only. Tibetan Abhidharma Treatise in Sanskrit of the Sarvastivadin sect University average episode seven by seven time erudite masters writings: volume 1 is the Jnanaprasthana do teachers Katyayanaputra writings, volume 2 is Prakarananapada by Vasumitra masters writings, volume 3 is Vijnanakaya do teachers Devasarman writings, volume 4 is Dharmaskanda due to its master Property-benefits-echo (Sariputra Here is a the same name because there is a direct disciple of the Buddha also carries this name) before work, etc. In the second century, Buddhism developed in the whole of the Near East, and under the reign of King Kanisha (Ca-Identity nị-ca) had happened a number of dissidents on the expression of the Buddha, between the two groups in this study: a group in the Kashmir region and a group in the region of Gandhara. So one of the teachers is very erudite time is thus Vasumitra founded a research group aims to analysis and learn more about Tibetan Abhidharma Treatise. Under his guidance the team over here has drafted three episode commentaries Riley, of these episodes Vaibhasa (Little-she-sa) is the most famous, including 100,000 (sloka), explained the whole seven episodes the average Tibetan Abhidharma Treatise in on here. Episode commentaries were later taken to the formation of a new schools Vaibhasika (Sanskrit meaning of this font resource is "the theory of Vaibhasa"). Translation into Chinese of the Vaibhasa is still kept in Japan, including 200 volumes in the form of paper roll wrap round (Taishô, 154. Reminder to add is the reign in the Taishô Japan (early twentieth century to the present), a collection of Buddhist scriptures truth the scale has been made to compile all the data stored in the Buddhist monasteries and Buddhist institutes across the country. The program lasted ten years from 1924 to 1934 and was created to be a endless collection reviews of Buddhist scriptures). Later in the FOURTH century, Vasubandhu (Avatar) before a set of essays is the Abhidharmakosa (Abhidharma-Kosa-sentence treatise litigation clinic, the word sentence-XA/a kosa means the structure) to review the entire setting (a kosa) on doctrine raised in Tibetan Abhidharma Treatise of Vaibasika schools on here. The world Body said the task before him is this comment based on the episode "the perspective of schools Vaibhasika" in Kashmir. This is a huge book of paramount importance and is widely known by a name that is "revered" is Mahavaibhasa (Dai-fin-BA-sa) (readers can read the English translation of this book on the Internet). Then he's as Asanga (Disabled) before a set of commentaries on Abhidharma Treatise on Organ here, titled is the Abhidharmasamuccaya (Abhidharma-Kosa-episode conclusion) raised the point of specialized and peculiarities of Mahayana Buddhism in General (readers can view on the Internet English version very elaborately and the value of this argument by Walpola Rahula famous monk room : http://lirs.ru/lib/Abhidharmasamuccaya,Asanga,Rahula,1971,Boin-Webb,2001. pdf).
           
In parallel with the formation of Tibetan Abhidharma Treatise in Sanskrit on the North Indian region on here on the island of Ceylon the trend expression with many little differences led to the formation of Organs, the Abhidhamma Treatise by Pa-li of Theravada Buddhism. This organ also includes seven episodes as Tibetan Abhidharma Treatise on Northwestern of the Sarvastivadin sect school, and fifth in this Treatise is the main Organ Kathavatthu (topics of debate) because Items-hopea-Foursome-the Roman Empire-tu along with a group of Bhikkhu stilts which he founded and directs, the casting has compiled the results yielded from the debate in the Congress Leadership set opportunity France last Tuesday. The casting of this episode were then dispatched the French by his son Hong the Emperor Ashoka guide brings up the island of Ceylon. In addition, the comments of other awards made on the island and was taken to Tibet Comment Abhidhamma Buddhism Theravada only began in the second century I and II after the Tậy. The comment of this award are collectively known as atthakatha (Pa-li means the explanation/explanation, commentary). Then a number of teachers from the Indian mainland personally on the classic study of Pa-li and solve more of the teachings of the Buddha. Most importantly was the V century the position master Buddhaghosa (Buddhaghosa) was before the work of a notable award is the Visuddhimagga ( visuddhi in Pa-li means in the light pure/purity, clarity, and also means Holy, transcendence,sanctity; signature magga means the path; the word Visuddhimagga means "the way of light/transparency", the English translation is The Path of Purification, pure way, Chinese translation is "Visuddhimagga" not literally. Readers can see the English version of this essay by Bhikkhu Nanamoli translates: http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/nanamoli/PathofPurification2011.pdf). XI century there a other erudite masters as Anuruddha (A-law) before the work of the set Abhidhammatthasangaha (Abhidharma-Kosa Catholic sense weak erections), raised much deeper aspects of psychology. Readers can see the English version by Narada Maha Thera: http://www.buddhanet.net/pdf_file/abhidhamma.pdf, and the comments of the Bhikkhu Boddhi about this translation: http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/bodhi/abhiman.html). Anyway, the Abhidhamma Treatise of Tibetan Buddhism Theravada does not make much of an influence for Buddhists on the Indian Mainland as well as in Tibet and China, compared with Tibetan Abhidharma Treatise in Sanskrit.
 
Here we come back to the word of the Buddha: mobile "Take refuge in himself, himself the torch pillar is a safe place for her, stay yourself, without the need for a safe place to stay would otherwise", to see the progress on this match with the words of the Buddha's coaching or mobile?
 
Tripiṭaka and the words move Buddha's trainer
 
Truth evident Tibetan Vinaya Law is and Economic Organ Sutta logos for the torch lit up by the Buddha to help us see the road. Tibetan Abhidharma Treatise on Indian and Northern Tibet Comment Abhidhamma on the island of Ceylon was the torch that was lit up to the ancients found the footprints that the Buddha had to step on that path. There are real bright torch such of the master Items-hopea-Foursome-the Roman Empire-tu, Nagarjuna, Asanga, ... has advanced most help us to see more clearly and close to Đưòng him over, as well as the obstacles that can appear. Our duty is to borrow the flame from the torch of the master to bait up his most illuminating torch for each his own footsteps on the path.
 
Anyway, all the torches, though is of the master in the past or present-such as the torch put his brilliant and high-bred Lama-are prey by the same flame lit up by the Buddha. This image evokes the t c of a sewing thread (sutta) reflect the coherent and progressive of the Teachings of the Buddha through space and time, and it is also the deep meaning in the words of Mr. di. So to understand that Business is not the Tripiṭaka the rigid tenets of monotheistic faiths that is an expansion, it's vivid, consistent with each man and adapted to the General movement of the entire phenomenal world. The expanded form of the Teachings of the Buddha which is fundamental Experienced Tripiṭaka section led to the formation of the schools and sectarian diversity and the true complexity of the Mahayana in General, whereas Theravada Buddhist continues as a fortified and firmly preserve the original Teachings of Christ World Religion.
 
The word of the Buddha's preaching was always practical, direct, simple, brief and adapted to the human nature craft lived more than twenty-five centuries, but inside always contain erudite understanding and divine. So the light from the torch of the master really urgently needed to help us discover the profound and transcendental aspects of the teachings of the Buddha, help us to bait up the torch of his own. Not brilliant torch of Holiness-lai Lama today are illuminating for us in a world rife with interference or expel? We live in a completely different era on all sides, from the social, ideological, cultural, education, science, engineering ... compared to the era of the people in the Valley of the Ganges how far more than twenty-five centuries. Therefore we have to apply his understanding of life experiences, as well as the feelings so deep in his consciousness to self lighting torches for yourself, enlightened reason and his conscience most help her see the duty and responsibility for yourself and others in this world. The Buddha inspired us to self illuminating torches lit up for ourselves is like.
 
The formation of the Tripiṭaka with Tibetan Abhidharma Treatise on Indian and Northern Tibet Comment Abhidhamma on Ceylon island marked the end of phase stability and open to French Leaders a real development stage height extends to the twelfth century. At this stage the start II century after Christ with the appearance of a great big infinity entertainment with an intellectual greatly, bringing Buddhism into a period of history of development: it is Bo-slapped Nagarjuna (Acharya Nagarjuna).
 
 
Stage of development
 
Tripiṭaka Business by the written word is the Foundation Teachings common to all excuse me. Indeed, there is no m t schools or sectarianism may himself be Buddhism if not to accept the Foundation teachings. But as we have seen, does not stop with the Buddhist Tripiṭaka contrary Experience has not stopped growing, always adapted and tailored to the understanding of Human Adaptation to the evolution of society, but at the same time not deviate outside the basic teachings of the Buddha , except a few forms of cultivation is "mass". If the Teachings of the Buddha are codified and regulated distinctly with the Tripiṭaka with written words on the island of Ceylon, then on the northern Spanish vulnerable has the tendency to the new expression with the deployment to more broadly from the actual teaching of the Buddha. The expansion that was signaled by the appearance of the II century Bo-slapped Nagarjuna (also called Long tho, perhaps more Passive word because according to the Sanskrit word lagarjuna meaning the dragon tree (?) and the Chinese then translated as Long Shu/龍樹) a most brilliant master of Buddhist history, open up a golden era in the history of the development of this belief.
 
The arrival of the Portuguese and the central doctrine of Nagarjuna slapped Cafe
 
Biography of Nagarjuna brought the full legend. According to historical record only that he lived in around the late second century and third century (during the time period from the year 150 to 250). He was born in a family She-la, in a place close to the town named Nagarjunakonda (meaning of the word resource is Nagarjuna Hill, this naming is intended to evoke his birthplace), an ancient town located in the State of Andhra Pradesch in South East water and today has become a Buddhist relic.
  
H. 1: Holy area of Nagarjunakonda.

H. 2: empty Throne symbolizes the Buddha, two pillows to sit and swastika engraved backs, original Bodhi behind the Chair represents the Enlightenment, the legs of the throne is two legs of a lion, the characters around is the disciple of the Buddha. How Buddha logo by an empty throne articulates the core tenets of himself and the show is on the time the Buddhist philosophy of thought also has a profound and widespread, although in the South of India is very far from the Valley of the River Ganges, (sculpture, floating on the ice, the II century, found at a place near Nagarjunakonda, Guimet Museum-Paris).
 
Nagarjuna spice very soon and please be on tu Na-lan University-da take on Northwestern. Na-lan-da is the oldest university in human history and is also the Centre of the biggest ideas in the history of the country. On the third century before Christ, the Emperor Ashoka for the construction of a temple at the site, five centuries after that news was the II century under the Gupta dynasty, the Temple became the first University of Nagarjuna's Buddhism, and was one of the first studies of the tu people.
 
H. 1 Na-lan University ruins-da, near the town of Patna and Bodhgaya (bodhi-West Lake), located in the State of Bihar.

H. 2 Bo-slapped along with Nagarjuna 84 nun ha All-reaching (Mahasiddha, austerities has extraordinary abilities and superhuman). Bo-slapped Nagarjuna has always been the symbol by a middle-aged monk i.e. person austerities were young that were privileged, and is also the only character after the Buddha was a badge with a hump on top of intelligence. In the lectures in Germany Reached-lai Lama often said Nagarjuna is an important Buddhist monks Monday after the Buddha.
 
Nagarjuna was the conclusion of the first Professor of Sanskrit, use the incredibly rich's writings he has opened up a whole new atmosphere and deeply about the Teachings of Buddha expression. for Mahayana Buddhism is Nagarjuna who brought the mission to France by the Buddha entrusted Hong with the purpose of explaining what is in the profound teachings in order to adapt to the demands of a better world. The thought of Nagarjuna is a new fuel that helps maintain the torch French Leaders always be lighted for the human pillar most complex and sophisticated live more than seven centuries after the Buddha's era but also very true ... strange seemed to be the torch still relentlessly brilliant soi way for all of us today.
 
Indeed, if Western people said according to Nagarjuna, the result is a thinker, the great philosopher, theory of logical and metaphysical philosophy, the school has opened a new era for Buddhism. We also need to emphasise the right to an incredibly thing mainly Nagarjuna does not add any patent a new concept would outside the Teachings of the Buddha, which only deepened, implement and explain further some aspects of incredibly insightful and passages in the teachings. Indeed although the Teachings of the Buddha always practical, concise and easy to understand in order to fit in with the humans in his era, but inside always contain the concept of science, philosophy, psychology with the depth led many scholars, philosophers and Western scientists today are staggering.
 
Nagarjuna brought out a doctrine called Madhymaka, which means "the path in between", a very accurate translation of Han is Central (Zhōng-/中觀 guān), the word means the number-see. The general meaning of this doctrine is a consistent see pass up on any extreme position or confirmed. In the Samadhiraja-sutra (kinh Kingdom zhengding) have a sentence like the following:
 
We-and Africa-we-Christians are the two extremes,
Purity and pollution as well as two extremes.
After having crossed the escape both extremes,
Then a wise (wisdom/wisdom) also do not stop with the position in the middle.
 
Truth evident meaning of number-mostly not selecting a perspective reconcile or a status of "in between" most avoided forms of extremism, because the position of "seeking to stand in the Middle," which itself is also a form of extremism. Some people often misunderstood the position or look "in between" on here and argue that the doctrine of Central Bars "near" or "reflect" doctrine "Middle" i.e. "Moral Centre" (Zhōng yōng/中庸/Middle Way/Golden Mean, Doctrine of the Mean) of Confucius. According to the Pinyin dictionary, the word content also is dong and in this case means taking or use, does not mean tolerance). Confucius was a moral and political Leader of his Centrist, advocates an ethical attitude "three" ("not excessive nor inadequate is wise"). Meanwhile Chinese number-theory by Nagarjuna raised is one allowed to argue in the field of metaphysical philosophy and logical studies (Chinese called Entertainment Coalition (?), the Intelligent Learning actually is just a temporary way of room only, because in Eastern languages do not have a term equivalent to the from logical in Western languages) aimed at helping us Consulate see the nature of true reality is nothing. The nature of that rise above the extremist is the school exists (eternalism) and nothingness (nihilism). Central Cafe is not a doctrine of standing in between the two extremes is a method based on the arguments to prove all the questions as well as the status of assertions are nonsense and unfounded, i.e. is completely justified and therefore does not have a price tr. Central Cafe does not advocate a position standing in between-as many people often misunderstand – which is a way of helping people think rise above-or escape-all the questions brought radical and antagonistic personality (dilemma).
 
Episode Central Consistent Conclusion that litigation (Madhyamaka-karikas) is the predominant interpretation of Nagarjuna in this treatise, there ... a question (more 15.8) can be considered the most typical reflects the central doctrine:
 
            "All [the phenomenon] are true [with which] it seems to be like that, [but then] doesn't have anything [true] as they seem to be like that. They fit the [right] as there seems to be like that, but just isn't [correct] as they seem to be like that. Is not this but also is not like that. That's how the preaching of Buddha "LETTERED sequentially (based on the French translation by Guy Bugault, Stances du Milieu par excellence, Gallimard, Paris, 2002).
 
The above sentence stated the essence of a phenomenon by relying on allowing the four paragraphs of commentary. The sentence "is not of this world but also not the other" seems to a point, but the truth is the way it comes up an Embassy notice did not necessarily or incentives toward a position at all (the Middle Pub)-i.e. on two antagonistic positions to be determined in a conventional way. The above sentence in the Central Café Conclusion that litigation of Nagarjuna quite passages and condense, so please also saying the transplant a few more letters in the room to help readers keep track of more than affordable. To help the reader to compare, please also raised here, the sentence of the French text of the scholars and Buddhist philosopher Guy Bugault:
 
            "Tout est bien comme il semble comme rien, il semble. À la fois comme il semble et non comme il semble. NI l'un ni l'autre. Tel est progressif (anuśāsana) l'enseignement des Bouddha ".
 
However in order to broaden the comparison, should also please cite this sentence by Stephen Batchelor, a teacher and the Buddhist philosopher, translated from Tibetan into English as follows:
 
            "Everything is real, not real; both real and not real; neither real nor not: this is the teaching of the Buddha " (Verses from the Center, Stephen Batchelor, Sarpham College, 2000)
 
Translates as follows: "all truth, [but also] not true; both the truth just is not true; [but] also is not true [but] nor is the truth: that is the way of preaching of Buddhist followers ".
The sentence translated by Guy Bugault quite from the chapter, refined and passages than the sentence translated by Stephen Batchelor, but questions of Stephen Batchelor seems simple and easy to understand. To make the comparison was full more, here is the question of Free Ranging (?) by a Chinese translation of Kumarajiva (External-ma La-the cross, the IV century):
 
"All that (supposedly) real or not real there,
Then all the "real" and "not real",
Both the "not real" and "not that there is no real",
You are what is called Dharma ".
In addition a set of Mahayana Scriptures in Sanskrit is the Samadhiraja-sutra (kinh Kingdom zhengding) also known as the Candrapradīpa-sutra (Sutra me Mirna post Lunar) appeared in the second century, contemporary with Nagarjuna, has a paragraph-is viewed as the main Buddha's teaching-very High and Consistent theory for both the Mahayana doctrines in General :
             
Should understand that all things just like that:
An illusion, a castle made of clouds,
A dream, a presence,
[We] do not contain a reality primarily at all;
But that the product they can still be found (such as career and career).
Should understand that all things just like that:
Similar to a fine Moon sky radiance,
Reflection in a lake in the extractor,
But that fine Moon never to visit the scene of Lake's.
Should understand that all things just like that:
Similarly, the echoes again,
From a song, from the sound, from the cry.
But inside she echoes [itself] never contain a tone at all.
Should understand that all things just like that:
Similar to a magician performing for us to see the magic:
What is the horses, cattle, cars, and all the other objects;
There's a second way that we show the truth right out of [his] "
 
Central Cafe does not deny the existence is a Convention of all phenomena, i.e. what belongs to the world-reflects the views of the Theravada Buddhist-like but not Consistent China interested in describing that world that only seek to prove how illusion and infinity of the world body's only. The doctrine of Emptiness by Nagarjuna launched is intended to prove the African personality "character count" (svabhava) of all phenomena on both an ontology (ontology) and cognition (cognitive science). Western scholars generally view Nagarjuna's thought-through the doctrine of emptiness he-not the marked a great turning to the Indian Buddhist philosophical background but also for the whole of the background philosophy of mankind in General. Indeed before the philosophy of Buddhism was introduced into the Western world, and though the inherited a rich philosophical background of ancient Greece, but never a Western philosophers would think of the concept of Emptiness of all phenomena.
 
Anyway, and has also been talking to on here, Nagarjuna never go out teachings of Buddha and he himself has also said that the most remote origin led to the formation of the secondary is Consistent Kaccayanagotta-sutta (Sutra teaching Post for Kaccayanagotta, also called Trading Post on the proper Perspective -Samyutta Nikaya, Samyutta Nikaya XII. 15, SN). In this article the Buddha has said that:
 
"A person who has seen consistent was the origin of the world thanks to the transparency review, the concept of"non-current-owner"will no longer show up with him again. When a person sees the cessation of the world thanks to the transparency review, the concept of "available" will no longer show up with him again ". 
 
The word preach means when it would have been consistent see the essence of all true things, then the "-" and "non-current-owner" will no longer carry a meaning, in other words, if that all phenomena are "not present" (Africa-current-owner/nothingness, not truth) is wrong, and if that all real phenomena "exist" (live/real/real variables) is also wrong pitches , because it is just the expression arises from the duality of consciousness, and is only valid in the field of conventional language. Such as "there" is itself a function contained within or behind it the meaning with it i.e., "not", and vice versa. As for the "present", "non-self"-does it contain the meaning opposite it is "available".
Lets argue based on the reason the Buddha non raised today are called called the four Passages (Tetralemma) as a way to help us eliminate the conventional sense, and c ng (can see more posts logical study in Buddhism the Lotus Gallery on the site). For the understanding of the general human actually only two allowed to argue or two logical systems only: it is the Syllogism (Trilemma) and the four-paragraph Comment comes to on here. Syllogism by Aristotle (ancient Greek philosopher, the IV century before Christ) raised. Allow this argument consists of three propositions are: the premise is also called the main clause, the second clause and concluded, for example, all humans are dead (the premise), I was the (second clause), I will have to die (the conclusion). The four-paragraph Comment by Buddha launched including four clauses: the second clause raised an affirmation, the second clause raised a review (opposite), the third clause raised a combination between the two clauses above (a condition of nan could not solve or be assertive/dilemna) the fourth proposition, raised a cancelled (rejected/disable/deny) all three clauses, first, second and third. The Buddha stated up allows this argument in Aggi-Vacchagotta (Majjhima Nikaya/Central/MN 72), an ascetic seclusion is Vacchagotta has asked the Buddha is destroyed, then the President, after He has also retained or not, the Buddha replied: "not that Such Hybrids are still available behind the death , but also impossible that Such Leave is no longer available anymore, nor is it just now-and just not-present-owners, and also not [at] no-we-Christians as ' not ' non-current-owner". That is the way that the Buddha has used the four-paragraph comment to reply to Vacchagotta, help people reconcile themselves disciples of "Yes" and "no", "-" and "Africa-we-nhữu", all the stuff he just brings results from dualistic way of thinking and the abuse of the conventional words and formulas.
 
In a different economy is Cula-Malunkyaputta sutta- (short for Trading Post Malunkyaputta, Majjhima Nikaya/Central/MN 63) back again the Buddha using this argument to explain about some of the questions a disciples is Malunkyaputta raised, such as the universe has a market exists or not After removal as President, Lai also available or not available, and so the Buddha repeated Malunkyaputta's questions by relying on clause four of the quarter-sections, such as: the immortal universe-the universe is not eternal-universe just immortal immortal-not just the universe just isn't immortal nor is not immortal. That is the way that the Buddha indirectly prove to his disciple who found her questions are completely meaningless. However the Buddha always reality and he didn't stop with the logical argument is rational philosophy stating that a specific example: it is the story of a man who was hit by name but don't worry cure that question about the name of the person who shot the arrow chord, made of what, arrows made of wood of a tree thing nature or due to growers, etc to help people understand that the disciples wonder something not completely useless, but also more dangerous, because that can lead to disastrous real consequences.
The quote above shows the four paragraph essay is a method to help cut off the process of rational thinking, breaking down conventional personality and verbal formulas, pass up on understanding the relativity and lamina of science and rational understanding of philosophy. In brief Nagarjuna constructed the central doctrine Bars based on logical argumentation methods of quarter-sections, so if want to find out what is the real number-Middle of paramount importance is to master spells this argument.
 
The influence of Mahayana Buddhism and Chinese
 
If no master is the Central doctrines and ideologies of Nagarjuna, the result hard to radically the basic tenets are overrun with other schools and Mahayana Buddhism. The central doctrine Consistent true effects deepened to most of the great Professor of Mahayana Buddhism. The engineer suffered before as Aryadeva (Saints), and the Holy Angel who is not unfamiliar was the best disciple of Nagarjuna, the author of numerous essays, the most famous of these is the Catuhsataka (Four Urgent Comment) the analysis of the concept of Egolessness and Emptiness is based on the basis of the doctrine of the middle. The works of the Holy writings had contributed to the implementation of more Consistent Central doctrine of his master. The master later famous Café Central doctrines is Buddhapalita (Buddha, the V century), Bhavaviveka (V century, Rhetoric), Candrakirti (Candrakīrti, VII century), Shantideva (Shantideva, about 685-762) and Shantarakshita (Śāntarakṣita, VIII century), all these are all Indians and live during the golden age of Buddhism Next, they each contributed in the digging and deploying the central doctrine of Nagarjuna.
 
So what has brought Consistent High new and contributed into the development, analysis and deepened the concept raised by the Buddha's teachings. According to Indian and Tibetan Buddhism, all the classics are all given by the Buddha (readers can view a different article titled "Three spin of the wheel of French Leaders along the formation of Buddhist Classics" on the Lotus Library). In the section below the progress of Buddhist thought as well as the appearance of the books will be presented based on the time factor, i.e. under an innovative perspective more than history, though still based on the concept of the three French Leaders Wheel's rotation, and the central doctrine of private Poolside, the special is based on the tenets of the second rotation.
 
Zhuan Falun Buddha second atop the Ghost Thứu (near Rajagrha/United Kingdom, today's Rajgir). According to legend, once this Zhuan Falun Buddha stated up the Emptiness of all phenomena, and only lecture for the erudite disciples only. The teachings were put in a huge economy is Prajnaparamita (the elegant Three-Bowl-la-suite-maximum). Because this is too difficult to understand for people the time should have been Long beams (Naga) store and only awarded back to Nagarjuna on the II century. By-products include: massive economic Interest (Prajnaparamita-Hridaya-sutra), the Diamond Sutra (Vajracchedika Prajnaparamita-sutra-), the Lotus Sutra (Saddharmapundarika-sutra) and the Only kidney-Drug (Vimalakirtinirdesa sutra-)...
 
In practice and under an innovative perspective of history and science over the central doctrine Bars as well as the classics late appearance, can be viewed as a form of repeated the words of the Buddha preaching, but at the same time deploying more to turn the teachings he became the concept of philosophy or psychology brings distinct structures and theory. The concept is sometimes seem deviate out innovative practical teachings of the Buddha, but in fact it's just the way the jackets added a wider up to dress real personality in the Teachings of the Buddha, in order to adapt to the people living in a time with a progressive culture and more complex than those who live in the Ganges River Valley eight centuries earlier. Under another view, affordable deployment of Teachings of the Buddha according to the aspects of philosophy, psychology and rules the new cultivation method can also be a way to "convince" people the time of profound and transcendent personality in the Teachings of the Buddha? Indeed elaborate and implement the French Leader is also a way of contributing to promote the Teachings of the Buddha's Teachings and brought to the more complex human in a society better. So the central doctrine of the Inn have special deployment and expand more the aspect or the concept of the original Teachings of the Buddha?
 
            The concept of Emptiness
 
Primarily and most prominent point in the theory of Central Café is the concept of Emptiness of all phenomena. The Buddha said to the Emptiness of these two items is Culasunnata-sutta and the Mahasunnata-sutta (Sutra Short Article about the Emptiness and emptiness long Trading Post, Central Business/Majjma Nikaya, MN121 and MN 122). The Chinese and Vietnamese translations of two experienced post titled is Not Minor Economics and the modern Economy does not. Indeed, this translation is not appropriate, because already is "no" then can no longer would be "great" or "minor" again (readers can view a d ch of this two articles on the library network page Lotus Flower). In this two articles-especially in the Short Trading Post emptiness -the Buddha stated up Emptiness as a means or as the object of meditation, from easy to difficult, from specific and narrow to extremely abstract and real. Oil, Emptiness in this two articles is not the philosophical theory that necessarily just a permit to practice meditation in order to bring the person meditating can really integrate form a deep and quiet helps them see the true destination of the nature Café. On the contrary the central doctrine of Nagarjuna, the direction to the field of metaphysical philosophy through the method of logical reasoning in order to learn the nature of all phenomena in General. Before the question raised is not correct, do not carry a meaning, or extreme, impractical and useless, the Buddha only keep the silence instead of the answer (readers can see articles about "The silence of Buddha" on the Lotus Library home page). Eight centuries later using the central doctrine of Nagarjuna's Consistent to proofs showed that the question is meaningless and unjustified. Conscious of the meaningless and unjustified in his questions is how to reconcile the perceived obtuse, misguided and burial disturbances in consciousness, that all existing phenomena true truth is like that. That is how stop stand every affirmation as well as deny, because any affirmation or denial would also lead to emotional things all mixed up disorder comes in with them. Emptiness by Nagarjuna raised didn't intent to convince anyone about Bollywood nothingness of the reality, which is the only way to prove to us that every phenomenon of existence is thanks to the contact and interoperability with many other phenomena, by itself, a phenomenon that could not possibly exist. The basic dependence that characterize Emptiness of the world of phenomena.
           
            The concept of Correlated Artifacts
             
The concept of the "artifacts" or "correlated artifacts due to the conditions that there" (Interdependence/Co-production/Management Conditioned pratītyasamutpāda) have been the Buddha preaching in the Wheel's rotation Direction (Turning the law wheel) in the Brahmajala-sutta through the concept of "twelve bond bound" (erren Cross charm) and has also been deployed in episode commentaries Visuddhimagga (Visuddhimagga) by Buddhaghosa (Buddhaghosa) in Tibet Comments. The central doctrine of the Cafe expanded this concept and applied to all phenomena in the universe, as well as what happens inside the human mind. A phenomenon that can only exist by correlating and interoperates with other phenomena, there is a phenomenon that may present itself independently. So there's any one phenomenon would also feature an integrated structure, including a lot of structures, conditions and phenomena together to create it.
 
The dependent or bound by a phenomenon comes up empty-the-Emptiness itself. Emptiness or the Drum is Not nature or "characteristic" nature of all phenomena, and necessarily is not nothingness. The phenomena are real, but not really the right way to feel. The concept of the contact, interact and create on this concept taken to the impermanence of all phenomena and especially the concept of the two Truths, a particular and important concepts of Buddhism.
 
            The concept of Two True
 
The concept of the two truths (dvasatya), also known as the concept of two reality (realities), was raised in Central Consistent Conclusion that litigation of Nagarjuna as follows:
 
"Headless Buddha based on two facts to preach about the French Leader, on the one hand is the truth and the Convention, on the one hand is the ultimate meaning of truth (sentence 24.8).
 
"Those who do not recognize the lines separate two facts, then the will not see consistent reality stars far deeper in the doctrine of the divine Buddha" (verses 24.9) (according to the translation by Guy Bugault, id).
 
True mass and conventions (i.e. the conception of idyllic ones) also known as "the truth" (samvrtisatya) relative and ultimate truth is also known as "the absolute truth" (paramarthasatya). The truth is "covered entity" a phenomenon, in other words the "external reality", said the way the presence of phenomena and all existence. It was the presence for the Consulate to see nature, our usual, reflects the operation of the law of cause and consequence and the correlating principle (physical/pratītyasamutpāda interdependence) between phenomena, i.e. everything appears and disappears in the phenomenal world. "The absolute truth" or ultimate say over existing style and true nature of the phenomenon. No ordinary people to distinguish between the relative and absolute truth, in other words that they do not recognize the difference between what presence around them as well as inside their mind and what's said up implements absolute or ultimate nature of things.
 
China again Consistent oil also did not deny the existence of all phenomena, as well as the operation of the industry in the past as well as future, including the case of mirror image in a mirror, as well as the echo or what happens in a dream ... , all of the existing, but only available in the way of them. In general all the phenomenon while the present but does not contain an entity at all. In fact, the concept of two truth be understood with many little differences between some of the schools, however we will not analyze and learn more detail because not belonging to the framework of this article.
             
            The concept of Portuguese-slapped
 
Central Cafe is not merely a philosophical doctrine which gave a permission to practice adapted include the full three components:
 
C, IE the part of theory, which is built based on the above concept: Emptiness, correlating laws, Two facts, etc.
 
            The path, i.e. the practice, includes two aspects based on the concept or principle of two facts:
 
            - the truth Convention: related to keeping happy and the enforcement Director in Germany. The exercises are based on the concept of Six Perfect things or supernatural (Paramita green Three-la-suite): 1-generosity, generosity, (danaparamita), also known as alms-la-suite; 2-about supernatural almond, (silaparamita), also called Maintenance about Ba-la-suite; 3-the ring of the humiliation of the supernatural, (kshantiparamita), also called the ring Three insults-la-suite: 4-supernatural strength (viryaparamita), also known as Essential advanced Three-la-suite; 5-the attention (focusing the conscious mind) supernatural (dhynaparamita), also called the Third meditation-la-suite; 6-the supernatural insight (prajnaparamita), also called the wisdom of three-dollar suite. Allowed to practice on the Six Supernatural thing (Ba-la-suite) on here is equivalent to allow practice called Eight the right thing (bowl of Legitimacy) of Theravada Buddhism.
 
            - the ultimate truth: include the promotion of the intellect (the saw) thanks to the magic of meditation and other methods of reasoning, also known as meditation/resolution analytical meditation.
 
            Result: the Enlightenment is what brought from the entire path include: always, Germany, meditation and wisdom.
 
On this called the path of Portuguese-slapped (Bodhisattva), but it does not stop in the Enlightenment, because Central Cafe advocates don't cling to anything, so the Portuguese-slapped in spite of achieving enlightenment but will not resolve into possible form of Nirvana that continue along the rollover with the other most opportunities to help them. In fact the concept of Portuguese-slapping is not a particular concept by Consistent Central doctrine raised Tibet's Economy, also has spoken to Portuguese-slaps, such as in the Jataka (Jataka Khuddaka Nikaya-) Portuguese term slapped has also been used to raise the forerunner of the Buddha and the concept was also the old schools. However, "the way of the Portuguese-slapped" just started extensive promotion during the high speed development of Mahayana Buddhism with the formation of the central doctrine, so it can also think that the idealized Portuguese-slaps much less contact with the Emptiness doctrine due to Consistent High doctrine raised , and most are already distinctly reflect the undertakings do not cling to anything-including Nirvana-this school's. Why oil should also understand that Portuguese-slapped not denial of the Enlightenment which only Disclaimer does not integrate into Nirvana. But continued as a Portuguese-slaps but is a Portuguese-slapped has sufficient reach enlightenment integrity, and can pass out of the phenomenal world anytime you want.
 
In brief the thought and doctrine of Nagarjuna's Middle-through the concepts on this-has opened for Buddhism a new development stage of utmost importance. But at the same time on the island of Ceylon, the original Teachings of the Buddha still silently be preserving cherished and sacred truth. It wasn't until about two centuries after Nagarjuna, in a place far away to the Valley of the River Ganges, exactly as in the Kingdom of Gandhara, present-day Peschawar of Pakistan and Afghanistan, see appear more a master is Asanga (Asanga, born circa 290) along with his brother's Avatar (Vasubandhu) and also his disciples again, take out one more way new direction interpreting teachings of Buddha: that's the theory of Consciousness (the only consciousness/Cittamatra), also called the Vijnanavada (path of the consciousness) or Yogacara (Allows practice du-old) ... Please also note that saying the word Vijnana (knowledge/Consciousness), Mana (/mind Nervosa), Citta (mind/Spirit) in Sanskrit, and Pa-li carry the meaning with a slight difference, but can understand the general meaning and generalization of all three this term is the operational processes of the mind. The thought of we often influenced and dominated by the notion that the phenomena are defined or identified distinctly-for example in the field of psychology is "voila" or "soul" of a-but then again Buddhism views anything a phenomenon would either inside or external mental also is a form of combined structure Therefore, always moving and changing. Be aware that this will help us to find out easier than the concept of the operation of the mind/knowledge in Buddhism.
 
So the theory of consciousness-what is raised by Asanga, the position and role of it on the lines of the evolutionary history of Buddhism?
 
The appearance of Comb before and the only doctrine of knowledge
 
The theory of consciousness-is formed in the IV century and founder is ago. But also have a theory that he may have inherited the basics tenets Consciousness from his mentor's Maitreyanatha, a "discreet" almost anonymous. Unlikely this doctrine has also been viewed as officially formed from the earlier work of Asanga, which is his most important treatise Yogacarabhumisastra (translated as the old local architect reasoning-Du), implement and streamline the entire basis of Consciousness studies. Infinity Before construction of the theory of consciousness-based on the classic in the third rotation of the wheel of French Leaders as : -Lankavatara sutra (Enter the mausoleum-an old Sutra), the Samadhinirmocana-sutra (Shenzhen economic security Award), Samadhiraja-sutra (the fixed Main United Kingdom business) and the Avatamsaka-sutra (kinh nghiem Flowers). The theory of consciousness-including all three full composition is: basics, path and result.
 
            Basics of consciousness-schools
 
Basics of Consciousness are set based on an utterance be considered of the Buddha in the Samadhiraja-sutra (the fixed Main United Kingdom business) as follows: "this, the children of the Night Wins (i.e. Chu Buddha), trailokya (gender, sexual identity, gender identity, gender) was the conscious mind only". Her sentence means that all phenomena are essentially the consciousness arises, formed from the conscious mind. Please repeat the first verse saying in the Dhammapada is: "the mind leads the France", this means that all phenomena arise from the conscious mind, or is due to the conscious mind. Moreover, if looking at the principle of correlated interactions and contrast of every statue known as "proposing to create joint cooperation" or "The artifacts due to the conditions that there" (pratityasamudpada//interdependence arising dependent/co-production/management conditioned pratītyasamutpāda...) according to the definition of the central doctrine, then we will find that:
 
-Phenomena are due to the dependent artifacts that have, they can only arise from the combination of many causes and conditions.
-All phenomenon are dependent on the component created it (IE. people including myself, limbs, the brain, the mind, emotion ... if separated or cut off, the components will not rest any man).
-All existing phenomena are dependent on knowledge of a fish can identify/specify/envisioned them (meaning that all phenomena are out from inside the mind of an individual and intimate contact with the consciousness of individuals).
 
The third point above shows is "created" all consciousness phenomenon, in other words, each free to create for themselves a world, does not have the world would look like to the world at all. The theory of consciousness-view all phenomena are of the nature of mind, therefore does not accept the existence of the phenomenon of immigration, which is the only form of expression (apearance) of consciousness, arose from within the mind. The theory of consciousness-only so that only the recognition of the existence of knowledge as the ultimate truth. Ignorance of self knowledge it arises out of the illusion of a server can recognize (capture, cling) and the object of awareness. What happens in the dream is the typical and typical example. Such a dream to see a tiger Chase, in this case who fled and his pursuit of Tiger are all products of the conscious mind. Including understanding Emptiness, Nirvana, As Lai (Tathagata/Ainsité/just like that), too, is a the operation of the mind do arise the contrasts between subject and object, and so is the launch of the conscious mind, arises from the illusion. The phenomenon appears in consciousness as a result arising from the individual's career. The marks also known as vaccine deaths are recorded and remain on the line until the knowledge this strain to meet the appropriate conditions, they will show up in the form of mental phenomena, bearing the same nature (such as ethical or aggressive compassionate, or greedy ...) with the previous action did arise out of the death race.
 
So the race was formed through a process as to how the party in mind? Usually most of the schools are viewed knowledge (consciousness) consists of six components: knowledge of Visual, auditory, olfactory, tactile, taste and knowledge, private mental Consciousness that knowledge consists of eight components, in addition to the six hexagonal knowledge on here also have more knowledge on Saturday called the knowledge of pollution (klistamana) and the eighth is "knowledge base knowledge-a-of-all" " a-back-the-skin "(alayavijnana, alaya in Sanskrit means that basis, time home or something real sustainability does not vanish). The seven th first knowledge of this kind is always in flexible formats and can navigate to the object (the example auditory knowledge toward the sound, mental knowledge towards the thinking, imagination, emotions, etc., creates pollution knowledge marks from the feeling of the Pentagon). The eighth is knowledge a-back-skin-is the basis of the marks (bīja) by the knowledge generated from industrial pollution, i.e. from the action because a individuals executed. Career in the past-in the form of marks or e-strain accumulation in the a-back-the-skin formula, when ripe, it will appear in the form of the possible to external formats such as: image, sound, smell, taste, the combination of variety, including the inner mental phenomena. Years of knowledge of the Pentagon just keep receiving function the sensory feelings but don't convey anything, pollution knowledge capture and convey the feeling of the Pentagon as the object of envy or dislike, and he objects (of envy and hate) will generate and save the new marks in the a-back-the-skin formula , and the like. In other words is what I do for the seventh consciousness and create industrial polluted, and a-back-skin-formula will keep transport industry functions i.e. the marks.
 
Until the marks of reserves still accumulates in the a-back-skin-formula, then a-back-skin-still continue to operate. Itself a-back-skin-without carrying a computer as ethical or unethical, which is just a constant evolution of knowledge links all other knowledge formats such as: knowledge at the, so deep in sleep, the lethargic or anxious at the moment deep into the can. At the death to occur, all seven categories of knowledge (the hexagon and knowledge knowledge of pollution) are dissolved in a eight-recipe. Because the base to receive and transfer the marks of career should be a-back-skin-sense will be the innovative knowledge continuously, switch from one to the other lifetimes lifetimes (look under another aspect then here is how to explain the process of reincarnation). In the tomb of the old-Economy (theLankavatara-sutra) has a sentence as follows: "knowledge is the audience, stage, and at the same time as the dancers". From the standpoint of consciousness-experience all the feel of a fish may occur in dreams, as well as in at the etc, have no contact with the outside world, so knowledge of a string followed the form of self-contained mental operation, depending on the industry and rules the cause-consequence. A fairly extreme example but easy to understand is a mental disease person "sees" the killing scene, Gore, or screaming, crying or smiling brightly sằng alone as well as all of what is in the mind of the person she does not directly reflect the external context, which is the result of industry are operating inside his mind : "the audience, stage actor and" arise from industry inside her mind.
 
The categories above are described in knowledge base on our operating processes within the consciousness, i.e. in the field of Psychiatry, so that contact with the outside world? Each time feel a knowledge object then immediately happens can form two different knowledge: object-oriented knowledge to capture it, and at the same time also feel-or be aware-the nature inside of itself. The feel inside her help for self knowledge to recognize it and "glean" for it, help it recalls the experience that it had ever felt before. Then the example when knowledge driven out outside and feel an object, such as a petal, then it is possible to operate the first form of knowledge; awareness are petals and recalled a petal which could arise from the operation of the second form of knowledge when the direction on the inside. In fact, the subject of knowledge within grasp objects, and all objects that it capture, both dependent on each other and cannot be separated out. Can therefore conclude that a conscious mind when made be able to format the non-sense-get's it (don't feel an object at all), will recognize itself and "glean" for it, and would be an empty knowledge of duality between subject and object. So if the only doctrine that the existence of all arise from the conscious mind, the point of this doctrine with respect to the nature of the phenomenon of "outside" will be like?
 
          According to the theory of consciousness-the phenomenon is composed of three different nature, meaning that every time there is a phenomenon that appears in an individual mind, it will carry three can form is called the "three-self"/trisvabhava or trilaksana/"tam" is: impermanence, suffering (or heaven) and anatta. With the phenomena, they also will include three categories or different nature:
 
- The nature completely imagine (Sanskrit: parikalpita): Under the impact of the imagine arising from mental knowledge (knowledge Friday) and knowledge of pollution (knowledge) of all things seems to present the true destination, and particularly for beings (creatures and the IRIS) shall contain an ego. But it was just a mistake. Thus it is often assimilated in texture (skandha, skandha) with a human, etc of the characteristics is called "imagine" or "fantasy" is because the characteristics he absolutely did not exist, that is just the product created by ignorance and illusion.
 
            -The nature of the subject (Sanskrit: paratantra): it is a common substance and nature of all the phenomena arising from causes and conditions (pratyaya, "charm"), which means all that arise from the correlated artifacts and create (Conditioned co-production/Physics pratītyasamutpāda).
 
-Complete nature was firmly established (Sanskrit: parinispanna): that's true and absolute nature of the phenomenon. In fact, the essence of which is the nature of the subject, but has completely removed the essence of fantasy, similar to a leave was the "ego" or a things no longer contain the nature conservation field and invariant. Specific words and easy to understand than when looking at an individual-including ourselves-but do not "see" the individual's ego--of himself anywhere, and when looking at an object but does not "see" it's essence anywhere, voila is received from the "complete essence is firmly established" . This is all implemented true to the nature of the true "just like that" (Ainsité/Suchness) it's Sanskrit, called Tathagata (such as Hybrid), and if looked at under an angle voila other edge also means the Emptiness of all kind-and Africa-current-owner of all phenomena, i.e. the absolute absence of the contrasts between the subject-object.
 
The nature of a phenomenon just as real as the results yielded from the operation of the rule causes-consequences, under the principle of correlated interactions and create (pratityasamudpada/interdependence) of the phenomenon, but also just completely empty of any regulation or expression is imaginary. How to identify two of the above nature of the phenomenon led to the concept of "two truths" or "two" schools of Consciousness: conventional truth (samvrtsatya) and the ultimate truth (paramartha). The truth of the Convention i.e. the nature of the phenomena arising from the correlated artifacts but contaminated by nature. Supreme Truth truth is dependent on the nature of the phenomena but not contaminated by a substance completely imagined. In a nutshell is the concept of two facts of consciousness-schools are understood and defined other than with Nagarjuna's Middle schools.
 
The theory of consciousness-of Asanga are deployed based on the aspects of psychology and Psychoanalysis, whereas the central doctrine of Nagarjuna, the direction in the field of metaphysical philosophy and logic. Both theories are all very subliminal, but not the philosophical theory is a theory merely that both are giving the adaptive practices called "the way". The path of the Inn was a brief presentation on this, so the path of Consciousness would be like?
 
            The path of consciousness-schools
 
The path of the only schools of knowledge towards the aim can be achieved such as Lai (Tathagata). This path also includes six permission practice of Mahayana is the continental Three-la-suite. In a nutshell, this path will consist of two phases: phase one of four allowed Three training-la-suite first to help people practice preserve always and the gathering in Germany, second stage helps promote intellectual by training two allowed Three-la-suite after all is the attention the supernatural (dhyanaparamita) and supernatural (prajnaparamita) intelligences. The exercise was divided into 10 level termed "the cross" (dasabhumi) raised in Avatamsaka-sutra (Strictly Business). Through mườì long way that Portuguese-slapped will sequentially remove accents all the possible forms of ignorance arises from the desire and the desire, as well as electronic strains do arise out of them, all things that are obstacles cognitive abilities, the limits do not allow tu see the Buddha Customs computer yourself. The Zen Buddhism was formed later brought many aspects quite near paths of Consciousness, so too can say that Consciousness under a certain perspective shows more or less related to the formation of Zen Buddhism two centuries later.
 
            Result from allowing cultivation of Consciousness
 
When has crossed all the boundaries, as the final boundaries from eighth to tenth, in order to remove all possible forms of mental dulling and e strains do arise out the obtuse, then a-back-skin-official Portuguese-slapped will become pure knowledge of the schools of Buddhism called amalavijnana (amala means pure and static President). Then the mental knowledge (manovijnana, i.e. how consciousness arises out of the mind, the imagination and the show does not stop successive breaks of thinking in Psychiatry) is no longer being fascinated by objects anymore so it will return to it, "illuminate" for it and that it will be aware of the nature of Africa-for-against-not the owner nor for Statue-of Bourn Leader France (Dharmadhatu/France), i.e. elected "space" of reality, and Portuguese-slaps that will achieve Can Form such as Lai (Tathagatagharba/as Hybrids, Buddha, Legs like/can form just like that-meaning not from nor go country-in other words is the Enlightenment) is always hidden so deep in each museum. Be such as will manifest through France (Dharmakaya/wisdom) helps her die and continue to act based on the two general body is the Body Message (Sambhogakaya, physical Body) and the Stem (Nirmanakaya/Body manifest in the form of a Saint or a "Buddha"), most can salvation beings in realms of reincarnation.
           
In summary, after the appearance of the central doctrine of Nagarjuna brought heavy logical and metaphysical philosophy in the third century, and the only doctrine of Asanga in the field of psychology in the IV century, people see the occurred century Vajrayana V or VI and VI century Zen Buddhism. So, Vajrayana and Zen TOToông?
 
Vajrayana and Zen Tong
 
If understand a Buddhist schools is a system of thought give coherent directions with the intent to produce and deploy the Teachings of the Buddha, such as Central and Consciousness, Vajrayana and Zen Buddhism is not the learning in the sense that that is simply the specified practices and visibly heavy wear, Bollywood application is more than theory. Briefly on the history of the development of Buddhism, Consciousness is the last schools were formed, Vajrayana and Zen Buddhism are the two major sects of Buddhism, at least so far.
 
            Vajrayana
 
Vajrayana (Vajrayana) also known as Tan-investigation (Tantrayana). Tibetan Buddhism do not see Vajrayana is a redundant (yana) of Buddhism Mahayana in General (Mahayana) that is a third admit to be formed later Mahayana Buddhism (Theravada Buddhism first is overcapacity, the second is the Mahayana, the third is Vajrayana). Vajrayana use many real cultivation techniques and particularities, use all the "fine friendly vehicles" (upaya), including transforming the negative power is a power to become positive, aims to bring enlightenment to the people quickly. So the Vajrayana is sometimes mistaken as the form practice deviance and "degenerate" in arising from Mahayana Buddhism, Vajrayana, actually, but is a "continuation" quite reasonable and of Buddhism.
 
The path of Vajrayana are based on the combination of the partition between the two possible components of compassion and wisdom. These two components are also distinctly reflect the ideals of the Portuguese-slapped in view of Mahayana in General. In order to achieve that purpose, Vajrayana advocates who work to promote an unparalleled capacity brought about by all the power, from the spiritual to the instinct to create for themselves a high degree attention do flare up understanding the Almighty help yourself Cafe see true Emptiness help yourself achieve enlightenment. Saw appears in the Vajrayana the concept of the "ma-ha all-reaching" (meaning the more raw/mahasiddha "master was successful"), is the du-(yogi) unusual gain superhuman abilities. Some Western scholars raised the hypothesis that trends in innovative cultivation directly, based on the sacred inner strength and the rituals of Vajrayana practice trends as a aims to create a certain balance with regard to the trend of logic too (logical) and philosophy (scholastic) the University of Na-lan-da.
 
On the basic dìện method, Vajrayana accept its entire Teachings in Tibetan the Tam and all Mahayana Scriptures, and most especially the books-tan. Tantra is Sanskrit means the network or only on the cửi lines, so that also carries the same meaning with the word sutta or sutra (sewing), used to call the economy in Tibet and the other scriptures of the Mahayana. The tan-check was placed in the third rotation of the wheel of the French Leader and the late appearance, such as menstrual Kalacakra (London Times Business), a set of important Scriptures of Vajrayana appeared in the X century, and also the last of all the Scriptures of Buddhism. Tibetan Buddhism folded the tan-investigation according to four ranks from low to high called "the four ranks-tan".
 
            Zen Buddhism
 
Zen Buddhism was formed in China and called "Chan" or "Tch'an", the word Chan or Tch'an is the calling off of the word Channa, a Chinese translation of sound from Sanskrit word Dhyana (meditation-na), and then transmitted to Korea, Japan and Vietnam. Most notably in Japan, Zen Buddhism has found a piece of land extremely convenient and has developed highly true. In Japanese Zen Buddhism called Zen, this word is a word of Zenna is a sound from the translation from Channa in Chinese and from Dhyana in Sanskrit. In summary words chan, channa, zen, meditation, or zenna-na also comes from the word dhyana, and the word dhyana, that means a combination of two common meditation can form is dhyana (evaluation/concentration) and prajna (wisdom/the the Inn see the supernatural/super).
 
Under the Tang dynasty had one of his prominent true Lily (Huineng, 638-713) has launched a new practice-oriented line called the Southerner, open for Zen Buddhism China a period of development. Southern Zen Buddhism advocates a practice direction in contrast with the meditative time called Zen Buddhism North Gods by Xiu (Xhenxiu, 605-706). Zen Buddhism Males giving a permit to practice helps the meditation directly into your inmost consciousness, while it allows practice due to the God Tu home chorus g I p brings a rise sequentially in order to create a serene and calm form of consciousness (quietism, wuwei President, static) before achieving full understanding (prajna). Allowed to suddenly start with meditation and Hui Direct Energy received during the day and then Hue Features was host Wednesday of Zen Buddhism in China.
 
Permission of the Theravada Buddhist meditation consists of two phases or components as Samatha or attentiveness, a form of deep worry that bring balance, clarity and sharp sensitivity for the conscious mind, and Vipassana or the Consulate found far deeper about the nature of existence of ourselves and the world the phenomenon. Vajrayana also, also advocated the two possible forms of meditation: the first is to promote the attention helps increase mental abilities, and allows the second is to promote intellectual, also known as meditation resolution (analytical meditation) bring the Enlightenment. Meanwhile, the permission of Zen Buddhism meditation put two possible forms of meditation on this into a single training call is zouchan (China) zazen (Japan) or Zazen (Vietnam), is a real sitting quiet. The conscious mind is not focused on an object or analyze a topic at all. True seating posture Yen with a mind to let go of the discharge will help people meditate integrate deeply with his mind. Able to form Africa-private-only your conscious mind is the Buddha's own Properties. Should understand the non-private-only is not a way to remove, cut or delete thinking in consciousness, or create a mental paralysis at all, because this does not copy can be made, for example through is because knowledge is a real shootout series. The only non-private-consciousness is a form of real mental awake not to for a thinking would raised his charismatic flow fluctuations of continuous it-i.e. most of this thinking is shifting to a different thinking. If a thinking raised in consciousness, such as thinking about the one thing we should not do it by appealing to it to think out the story to the other story, taken to the emotional kind precipitated as fear, hope, joy, panic ... which just consciousness is thinking she's showing up with her and just let it vanish go.
 
Can the above mental form is also known as "non-mind-consciousness" (infinite-mind/wuxin, Sanskrit is acitta) i.e. a mental form can pass up on the possible form of conventional knowledge, entangled in the line of motion of the ignorance, thinking thing consecutively entice each other presence. Be of the form "non-mind-consciousness" in the morning and that will help people start meditating users get their own true nature. The meditation sect of Japanese Zen called the users get there is Satori (Enlightenment) or Daigo (Dawu). In summary note and the best-known of Zen Buddhism, especially for allowing the practice of Cao Cao (Caodong/Soto) is allowed to exercise the common combination both can form of meditation is the Inclusion (Samadhi/, balance and calm of mind) and wisdom (Prajna). Hue have said a sentence such as the following in the Platform Sutra: "do that compare the similarity () between may forms of inclusion (plan) and understanding (wisdom/enlightenment), [as well as] between the fire and the light of it? The fire, the light in you. No fire there will be no light. The flame is the body of light, the light is the flame's activities. Whether to use the two terms to specify these things, but it's also just an entity " (in the French translation of the Platform Sutra, translator Patrik Carré, Seuil, 1995). Also in Zen Meditation also has a tendency to practice based on the "downloads" of wisdom, which is the Provisional faction (Rinzai). This faction advocated meditation to concentrate most of the project into a mental help promote mental capabilities serial, enlightenment will sudden appear after that. Unlikely the development of forestry and also less than sent Cao Cao.
 
Besides elegant style in the lives of people who meditate as well as allow the practice simply by meditative posture (zazen) can also sometimes cause some people misunderstood that Zen Buddhism to "simplify" the path of cultivation, not nệ sentence of ritual and ceremony. But in fact the practice of Zen Buddhism, especially with Japan, Zen Meditation is really meticulous regulations with the ritual "ceremonies" rigorous truth, picky and details. The meditation is often chant Mantras Interest, the Lotus Sutra and the Diamond Sutra, it is a way to help the meditation to promote attentiveness. For learning-i.e. the "basics"-Zen Buddhism also complies with the basic common teachings in Tibetan the Tam and the other Mahayana Scriptures, and of special interest to this business as the Lankavatara-sutra (Enter the old Mausoleum of business), Vimalakirtinirdesa sutra- (Only the kidney-ma-Department of economic theory).
 
Also Zen Buddhism has also created many real profound influence to both the culture and the arts, such as poetry, painting, calligraphy, etc. and all the lifestyle as well as the social activities of China (in the past) and Japan. In China from the Tang to the Song dynasty had appeared many poet Zen monk as well as illustrators and the home of real calligraphy writing communication error. In addition, Japanese poetry, painting and calligraphy Zen Buddhism also affects other areas such as drama (drama of slavery), pottery, flower, Garden, flower art, tea ceremony, martial arts (archery, swordsmanship) etc.
 
Meditation paintings drawn with black ink on paper-written calligraphy with the real simple contours, correct and elegant, describe each moment truth circle is full of reality. The poem, especially in category Japan's extremely short poems called haiku consists of only three sentences and seventeen consonants, is a can tho says the feel an infinite-mind (wushin/non-private-only) of people who meditate. Please single election here a famous haiku poem of the teacher Japan's Ryokan (1758-1831, Wages).
 
Ryokan is one of loneliness, poverty, live in a pig-forests. One day after strolling about, he noticed the odd items in his hut was stolen, he then took the paper to write a haiku poem as follows:
 
            Thief
Omit the mold Moon
Side window shelf
 
Ryokan to the thief just looks to see what is trivial and has left what is precious and high bar.
 
Here is a sheet of calligraphy and a painting of a French painter Robert Faure.
 

   
           
 
 
The period of decline
 
After the formation of the two Central doctrine and consciousness-and two major sects is the Vajrayana and Zen Buddhism in the middle stage of the golden age of Buddhism, then it is no longer a strictly doctrinal or sectarian and value would be formed. Buddhism across Asia could fall into a large space, a vast silence with which this article temporarily called stage weakened or depositing of Buddhism, at least on aspects of thought and doctrine.
 
Although the above stages are based on the evolution of thought and excuse me the method of cultivation, but also need to find some time to determine the period on the historic line. Unlike the stage dọ step and stable contact to the Buddhism when it did collapse in Ganges River Valley and on the island of Ceylon, the period of weakness related to Asian countries as a whole and thus also more complex. However with the simple purpose and normative problems we will limit the search to understand the decline and disappearance of Buddhism on the Indian subcontinent, and viewed it as a typical case and typical for the whole of Asia, and will then give a few strokes the truth about this matter in several other countries.
 
The disappearance of Buddhism in India
 
The Department of Buddhism once highly developed on the Indian land is thanks to the patronage of Emperor Ashoka of the Mauryan dynasty (third century before Christ) and the first King of the Gupta dynasty (third century to Friday VI), and there is also two powerful dynasties, and most prosperous in the history of the country. But the final King of the Gupta Dynasty had preferential orientation Scouts Ms-la-Mon, the ritual sacrifice was re-established, and Her Director-la-also thanks to the borrowed some Buddhist teachings to turn into a "new" religion is Hinduism, more adaptable to humans. But that incentive was not Buddhist and showed a few signs of weakness before the revival of the Scouts Ms-la-keeper under new coat is Hinduism, but under the Gupta dynasty, two Middle schools and Consciousness has also been formed, and also under this dynasty Buddhist art such as architecture and sculpture have achieved the highest peak. Some historians believe that the last phase of the Gupta dynasty in the VI century marked the end of this golden period of Buddhism in India. This article sets timeline on this further on the century XIII when Buddhism had completely disappeared in India. Because the IV century, Buddhism was still flourishing, many master unit continues appear, merely sent the case of a Grand conclusion Professor immensely erudite in this period was the Dignaga (Chen Na, 480-540) was enough. He has developed and codified the entire logical sector study Buddhism by Nagarjuna raised, while also developing and deepening of consciousness-theory more Ridiculous Ago. Furthermore the University Na-lan-da continued activities, research, teach and train other monks. Before being razed by the army of Islam into the century XII, Na-lan University-da still is learning of more than ten thousand monks.
 
The first incident signalled waning phase of Buddhism occurred in the V century, when the Xiongnu nomadic armies of Attila from the Central Asia to the devastating spill into Indian country. Most of the temples, monasteries and Buddhist University were looted and razed. Meanwhile, the same Hindu DD i at least be more damage, the reason is because Hinduism is a religion, spread in folk, meanwhile, the Buddhist activities focused where the massive temples (vihara), the monasteries, such as scale University Na-lan-da Vikramasila, Otanpuri, ..., each of which features to thousands or tens of thousands of monks Convent School. The temples and monasteries of this University attracting people to establish the Buddhist villages around it, and eventually became the center of prosperity. The cover through the century pagodas and monasteries the University has kept the priceless treasure by the Buddhists donation. The austerities is usually honest people, they give of the donation open building monasteries and stupas, temples, founded the library, sponsored the villages around it, the measure that the place has become the real target value for for the invading army. The Ajanta caves and Ellora is the Buddhist wonders designed and built through several waves from the Western front to II century VIII after the Western calendar, is thanks to the wealthy merchants or funding for home loans, the pagoda is an eloquent evidence suggests the "abundance" of temples as well as the positive of the Buddhist and the family time (readers can see articles about the caves on this network is the title: "Ajanta Buddhist relics a League" page on the Lotus Library network).
 
The Chinese monk Xuanzang (602-664) pilgrims and studied in India during the years from 629 to 645 years have recounted in his memoirs in an occasion pilgrims in southern India, he saw thousands of abandoned monasteries and monuments crumbling due to the devastating Xiongnu in the V century still scattered all over the place. Meanwhile on Northern India, under the reign of King Harshavardhana, Na-lan University-da and a few temples have been built and work again, though no longer in comparison with the previous period. The influence of the Buddhism turns the eastern regions of the continent Project, the reason is that thanks to the patronage of the King of the Pala dynasty (VIII-XII century) ruled a vast region in the northeast of India, including the Bay of Bengal, Bihar and Uttar Pradesh States in part today. The monasteries as the Chief Sensory (Bodh Gaya), Na-lan-da, Otanpuri and Vikramasila monastery is attracting massive University tu students and pilgrims coming from the East Indian region and most are from Tibet.
 
But what's happened previously in the V century, when the Xiongnu spilling onto the ground, once again happened eight centuries later when the drag force Muslims conquer all North Indian region in the final years of the XII century, and this is devastating to the much larger. The Turkish army by General Ikhtiyar Khilji command razed temples and killed monks and nuns. The above University monasteries became ash, one of the surviving monks leaving the warm Plains and fertile in the Valley of the Ganges River and the East Indian region and find refuge in the caves of the small pinch of price of Tibet and Nepal.
 
The turn of the century XIII, can say Buddhism is gone on the home that he had been born and the teachings of the Buddha has been promoted almost twenty centuries. The great loss that not only water but also happens to cause harmful effects to both the Central Asian region, especially in Tibet, China and these countries in East and South Asia. Not through the Indian is because previously the place attracts pilgrims and tu learned from throughout Asia. The library of the University of Buddhism on Indian land burned, a large part of the Scriptures in Sanskrit original has been lost. Tibetans no longer crossed the pass down to India to overhaul school anymore, and back country Tibet became a place to preserve and conserve these values the spirit of Buddhism. Real hard luck outside the treasure of Tibetan translation, the new home of Buddhism also holds a number of Scriptures in Sanskrit.
 
Unfortunately, what happens to the water in the late twelfth century happened again in Tibet eight centuries later. In 1950 the Chinese army entered occupied Tibet, killed monks and nuns, burn and flatten pagodas. The Tibetans refuge back carry with them the traditions, spirit and essence of Buddhism in India, Nepal and the even more recent is the Western world.
           
The decline of Buddhism in several other Asian countries
 
The largest Buddhist country in the history of humanity is China, but today has become a country of "Atheism"-at least on "socialism". Both in history and in the period in which Buddhism developed elevations, Buddhism in this country also have ever suffer the persecution of the military power. People often say to four times France accident happened in China, and France is France's largest victim accident Tuesday occurred under the reign of the Tang dynasty in 842. Sources said there are 46000 Temple razed, 265,000 increase nị required to complete the procedure. But not those who comes to France accident last Thursday occurred in the 1950s between the twentieth century with the "cultural revolution" it is fierce, making Buddhism almost completely disappeared on the Chinese motherland.
 
Buddhism in Ceylon began to decline from the XII century sacking of Tamil and Hindu's constant from the Indian mainland spill onto the island. More recently, the people of Portugal, the Netherlands and England took turns taking the war to the island of Ceylon, leave policies more converts and Protestant Christianity, has caused so much loss of Buddhism. Theravada Buddhist today on the island is just a revival.
 
Chinese Net Meaning monk (Yi Jing, 635-713) after the pilgrimage and study in India, on the way home by sea, were saying when visit the island of Java in Indônêxia in 673, he met thousands of fellow monks from China come tu school, Scriptures in Sanskrit and then he has ever seen the books in the University lan-Na-da. In the VIII century, under the reign of Sailandra (VII-IX century) Buddhist temple Borobudur in the world was built at the center of the island. But to the XV century many Muslims to settle and traders. They established the Kingdom in coastal regions of the island. For reasons that are unclear, historians only know that Buddhism wane and then disappeared on the island.
 
Malaysia also ever according to Buddhism. Around the year 1400, the conflicts and the war going on between the United Kingdom on the island of Java, a Buddhist Prince Parameswara's left the island to seek refuge on the Malay Peninsula and then established a Buddhist Kingdom on this earth is part of Malacca. But starting from the XV century, some in the Royal family back gradually converted to Islam, and Buddhism then disappeared gradually on this peninsula. In present day Malaysia almost only those United immigrants is Buddhism.
 
In General in the modern era, the movement to seize European colonies from the XVI century, and converted campaign Christendom, and especially on the twentieth century with the admission of the foreign that persecuted religions, Buddhism has made in many Asian countries have to decline.

  The conclusion

 
To the conclusion, let's borrow a crap article is short, but concise in the Samyutta Nikaya (Samyutta Nikaya) is "Trading Post about holding simsapa leaves" (-Simsapa sutta, SN 56.31, PTS: SV 437.8). Below is the translation of this article is based on the English version translated from the Pa-li of the Bhikkhu Thinassaro (Access to Insight, 1997):

Trading post about holding simsapa leaves

 
One day Who are Religious World Kosambi (see phu record) in a forest full of trees simsapa (see Appendix 3). He picked up a handful of simsapa leaves and store the lyrics asked the disciples as follows:
            -"The Bhikkhu stilts, leaves in my hand more or less leaves in this forest?

The Bhikkhu stilts responded that:
 
            -"Leaves in the hands of world Religion result is less, the leaves in the forest more than this.
 
The Buddha back take off lyrics:

            -"The Bhikkhu stilts, similar to the world, what we felt was more than what we produce has been preaching. But why are we not preach these things? No cross is because of things not related to the purpose of [the expectation], don't need anything for the life of Holiness, there is a benefit, bring the food poisoning (turning away, disenchantment, the disillusionment) serenity (dispassion, ceases to love), the end to quit (cessation/suspension), peace , understanding by getting directly (direct knowledge/understanding intuition), Enlightenment (self-awakening) and Liberation (Unbiding). Thus, we are not preaching the. 
 
            "Then I was preaching what? ' This is suffering ..., this is the cause of bringing the suffering ..., this is the cessation of suffering ..., this is your path to the cessation of suffering ". That's the thing that we've been preaching. And why are we preaching these things? Because those that related to the purpose of [the expectation], necessary for life, bring the food poisoning, the serenity, the end, peace, understanding by users get, enlightenment and liberation. Thus we have preached the.
 
            "Thus the duty of the Bhikkhu's stilts are always thinking: ' this is suffering ..., this is the cause of bringing the suffering ..., this is the cessation of suffering ..., this is your path to the cessation of suffering".
Short, not real experience post stated up or explain a concept would in part doctrine, which only prompts or rather wary of the disciples-and for all of us today-is not deviate out what basis and most practical teachings. Business post showed distinctly real lyrics, telling of Buddha is said to have to look at the teachings through what is practical, but over many generations, we don't look at the leaves in the hands of Him that want to embrace most of the leaves of the trees of the forest. Hence the Buddha's Teachings became increasingly diverse and extremely complex, to after the dọ phase d m, stabilize, grow became wane.
 
The engines would have driven, dominates and controls of the living of people brought to the extremely complex situation of today's society, that we often assimilated the complexity with the evolution of humans? The most important motive is a living brought to the scramble to eat, wealth; the second engine is a tv function much like brought to love, art; the third engine was feared dead taken to the philosophy, beliefs ... The consequences of the things he really diverse: from the form of scramble, the conflict, the "artistic" activities under all forms, so the search for a way out after death. Anyway, all the consequences then are also directly or indirectly lead to conflict and war: war economy, war, race and religious war.
 
More than two thousand five hundred years ago, the Buddha walked barefoot to hug the average bowl of qifu mumo, eat every day a packed, would have needed a luxury Restaurant, dishwashers, food demand are, it's how you solve the engine survive. While You look at the full body and mental illness are full all mixed up our disorders with all the mercy and compassion most help solve clever tv-like instincts, then we see the body through pollen son, clothes, and the mind through emotional things ignorance of it. While the Buddha sat silently under a tree to return to themselves, to find out the cause of his existence, of man, to find a solution to solve the cause brought to existence bound, on the one hand we all cling to this world the one hand, and find yourself a longevity where a different world.
 
            "This is suffering ..., this is the cause of your suffering ..., this is the cessation of suffering, this is the path to the cessation of suffering". When do we get to see is the truth so well means we have explored was the torch in a darkened corner in his mind. That is the meaning of the words of the Buddha di. Let's lit up that torch to illuminate where an his stay, his island and the path we have to follow the steps. That path in his mind, was inside her, it can be very long or very short, all is up his place. Or perhaps you're step those final steps on the road and also about to throw the torch, he knows?
 
Unlikely that the return to yourself, see French Leaders as Teachers, are the way to help each person take steps themselves, is the final and greatest of the Buddha. Each person to light a torch up to t glean for yourself, help her find a safe place to stay for yourself , does not need the mediation of any one person in the name of or represent their Masters at all. But we can also wonder how the lineage, sects, schools, the master in the past?
 
Under the impact of the human instincts, things become more complex, more demanding and constantly wonder. The path inside the mind and social life outside becomes more trouble, that we often see it's progress, and of course the torch illuminates itself must also adapt according to the "progress". That's why did arise the schools and sects, the philosophy as well as the permission to practice, and to the need to master such as Nagarjuna, Asanga, the World Body, Chen na, Bodhi Kosa, Hue, Leader Resources ... and today's hybrid-Holiness Lama help we lit up the torch in his mind.
 
Why oil is never seen a master would dare himself is smarter than the Buddha to that criticism and modified the teachings at all. Indeed although a number of the master has a deeper interpretation of the original Teachings bring pragmatic character of the Buddha, including creating more allowed practice that the Buddha didn't say to the world, but not because of that that today thanks to the many people achieve enlightenment than Buddha's era. The disciples as well as many nature craft and other primitive life in the Valley of the Ganges way far more than twenty-five centuries have also reached enlightenment in their lifetimes. Books also tell is that many other teachers who advocate the other tenets, but after hearing the Buddha preaching also gained enlightenment soon after. So the thought just a handful of leaves in your hands well enough to lit up the torch in his mind.
 
Although Buddhism after the golden period has become so "poor", not a big sectarian or denominational school would be formed, but in the late TWENTIETH century, the French Director of the surprise seeds are sown into the Western land, a piece of land extremely convenient and adaptable, and have attracted the best components in the European society. Dhammapada was first translated into Western languages into the nineteenth century, before the most is in German in 1862, to date in French also have at least a few dozen different translations. Buddhism began to spread and ingrained in the life and culture of Western calligraphy and painting sheet Sheet. infiltration meditation of Robert Faure on here is a concrete evidence. Just look at the number of Buddhist literature in French published monthly by the scholars, philosophers, scientists and Western monks before, well enough to envision the growth of Buddhism in the West quickly and firmly. The only questions can highlight is the Western Buddhist, there are honest with the Teachings of the Buddha or not?
 
People often imagine Buddhism through two aspects: Buddhism "heavily" compassionate personality and beliefs and Buddhism "wisdom" directed at understanding. But it is just the two extreme aspects of Buddhism, enlightenment is needed to both aspects of this, but at the same time you pass up on both aspects. Through the lines of Buddhist history on the whole of Asia, after each accident, the French are Buddhist revival thanks to vitality deeply embedded in the culture and heritage of each country, but the form of Buddhism, this revival is "Buddhism". Let's take an example, after France accident Tuesday in China under the Tang dynasty, Buddhist revival, but it is only the form of Buddhism, Zen Buddhism and Vajrayana Buddhism is generally-wisdom-almost disappearing, Taoism has prevailed in this role. The second example is when the Muslim armies tore into the water at the end of the XII century, the religious excuse me wisdom of the golden age is gone, the only innovative Hindu and folk have revived.
 
Western Buddhism is a special case, not the never undergo a legal accident that also inherited a fortune of culture, philosophy and science, should have become a Buddhism very pure and very intellectual. Buddhism of some Asian countries need to learn Western Buddhism to re-establish a balance for his Buddhist background. The current Western people actually still practice following the sectarian stereotyping as Vajrayana, Zen Buddhism and Theravada Buddhist, but their biggest challenges is how to build a Buddhist background for them. Really very obvious is them will have lit up a torch for them, to give them the most, pillar adapt to society and their longstanding cultures. That is the way that they will promote the torch the French Leaders to usher in a new stage of development for the Teachings of the Buddha in the West, and follow the signs that certain stages which will then very active help for French Leaders.
 
After the first questions that many people can raise is through how many French Leaders challenge has also retained the honesty or not? Today we have the remain steps follow the path that the Buddha has outlined for us or not? Indeed, the unavoidable result of a panic when looking at the diverse character of Buddhism today. But what exactly does diversity also reflects the attempt of the master in the past to convey what is super high in the Teachings of the Buddha, and on the other hand one though for permission to practice there more complicated compared to the time of the Buddha, then all is also indicative of how dependent or are the "means of fine friendly" with the aim of adapted to the gifted and the tendency of people to help them come closer to Buddha's teachings only. If the back of the model with a classic of Great bowls of Nirvana in Pa-li and a Sutra Mahayana Nirvana Bowl Era by the Sanskrit and Chinese, then we will be able to more easily visualize the aspects above.
 
In other words, if you want to learn the core-extremely pragmatic and practical-of the French Leader should return to the classics in Pa-li, and if want to go further and admire the transcendent aspect of French Leaders, help her integrate more deeply with the Teachings of the Buddha should read more classics in Sanskrit and step by the master in the Mahayana the past, they will help her hug is much more in the simsapa leaves vast forests of France. That is two shades truth particularities of Buddhism: a true conservation heroes behind cherished Buddha instruction platform launched, and a Dang what adaptation in transcendental Teachings with humanity's evolution in all fields, from philosophy to science, and traditional habits of the human society.
 
Despite carrying two aspects or shades quite different but always Buddhism is Buddhism, the French Director of the Buddha never divided in seven to make rips arises out of other religions. Isn't Buddhism is one of the oldest beliefs and integrity of mankind? Don't have a creed would-in addition to Buddhism out-can create for himself both aspects. The Buddha's Teachings are always kept intact thanks to his decision not to award the French Leaders into the hands of anyone, including the disciples, which only encourage each of us to take a self illuminating torches lit up for yourself. Not the transcendental decision shows the real vision of the Buddha but also it comes up love and both his trust for each of us today, don't we have to beg and depend on anyone. If understand that then we also should not betray the trust and love of the Lord for us, that courage and confidence, lit up the torch pillar yourself, because that is the way to help yourself love yourself, love them and love the Buddha , and there will also be helping the French Leaders are.  END=NAM MO SAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY=THICH CHAN TANH.THE MIND OF ENLIGTHMENT.WORLD VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST ORDER=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=GOLDEN LOTUS MONASTERY=AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.28/11/2015.