SURVEY of 8 THOUSAND THOUSAND TIBETAN in PĀḶI FRANCE 4.


1. Eight thousand four thousand of France in Nikāya
In Tibet, the Pāḷi Nikāya Economy, according to the understanding of many scholars, then the figure of eight thousand four thousand of France only to be mentioned only in the article of his shelves An Nan Elders in the shelves of The Emirates (Theragatha) (the Khuddaka Nikāya). Post your shelves A Nan (Ānandattheragāthā) as follows:
Dvāsīti buddhato gaṇhiṃ,
sahassāni DVE bhikkhuto;
Caturāsītisahassāni,
ye me pavattino dhammā. [i]
The content of the article is translated into Vietnamese shelf is:
I have received from French the Buddha 82000
2000 France from the Bhikkhu Stilts
84000
is the France was transported.
Something worth noting is that in this shelf you post A Nan only comes from France (dhamma) and no words referring to the other (such as France or the French Organ of French Subjects, Aggregates). Besides 84000 France only exists in Tibet Nikaya, Orthodox is considered next to the two remaining Pāḷi organ.
2. The word "dhamma" when translated in other languages
We will turn to survey the translation to the view from the "dhamma" in the article this shelves are translated.
A room in the South Chinese language Media Organ:
由佛得法門, 八萬有二千, 由比丘所得, 亦有二千數, 八萬四千門, 我等須護持[ii]
"Buddhist traditions By Prime, Bowl II, owned by the van Male Khưu II natural organic Heron, DAC facility of van Thien, Foursome, Bowl falls College tu households."
Chinese language translation uses the word "France" to translate the word "dhamma."
Vietnamese translation by Bhikkhu Indacanda:
"I've been receiving eighty-two thousand from the Buddha, two thousand from the Bhikkhu khưu, eighty-four thousand (UAN) is to have the operation." [iii]
This Master Indacanda translations use the word "France" to translate, however extra notes have more letters in brackets "aggregates".
When comparing the translation on, we noticed that the word "dhamma" when transferred into another language then it seems not to be consistent. To investigate this issue further, we need to access the range of the original meaning of the French word Aggregates and Disciplines.
3. the original Meaning of the French word Aggregates, Disciplines
The problem will not be feasible if we go in search of the origin of the word through the pure Vietnamese word in Vietnamese dictionary. The vast majority of Vietnam's Buddhist studies from both Pinyin and, of course, is that the word comes from ancient China or the middle. So what is inevitable to clear views of the origin of the term Buddhist studies Vietnam then required us to check in the document Han language Buddhist studies.
The term Chinese language Buddhist studies formed the majority stems from the Sanskrit Scriptures into Chinese translator Oldtimer. When the translator a Convention from the Han dynasty which to translate a Sanskrit word, if the word was circulating widely, then gradually it will become a term for Buddhist studies.
The great Dictionary of Sanskrit Han Buddhist Studies Professor Hirakawa Japanese [iv] gives us a massive volume of term used to translate the ancient Sanskrit Scriptures of Chinese translators. This dictionary is the author of building by contrast from original Sanskrit Scriptures between the language and the translation language of Han in Tibet. So this is a useful dictionary for the language conventions for Buddhist studies in the period of economic transition Sanskrit to Chinese.
Back issues, we will go in search of the French subjects, from the French dictionary Hirakawa to understand ancient Chinese translators have used them to compile those from Sanskrit. The following are related words found in the dictionary page to page 719 715 from Hirakawa:
Disciplines法門: dharma-paryāya, dharma-mukha, dharma-dvāra; Dharma, dharma, dharma-naya-naya-mukha, dharma-skandha, naya-mukha, nirdeśa-parivarta, paryāya, pada, mukha
France Aggregates法蘊: dharma-skandha
Again two more from other Han means the same Sanskrit:
France Sonic法陰: dharma-skandha
Legal Convergence法聚: dharma-skandha, dharma-skandha, saṃcaya
We noticed the from include France, France, France, France, Capacitors are used to translate from Sanskrit as "dharma-skandha" from the respective Pāḷi dhamma is "-k, khandha".
Usually the specialized terminology when translating into other languages can hardly find the words mean absolutely. The use of specialized terminology to compile was due to the Convention right from the beginning. For example, the term "software" in the field of information technology have the from language such as "software", "software", "Paste". Consider the word "software", we see the word "part" not entirely synonymous with "ware", but the whole from "software" as the initial conventions to translate the word "software" and was being accepted. Besides that we also have the word "software" and can not say that the word "software" rather from "software" or vice versa.
Back with the Han have naming conventions for translation from the "dhammakkhandha" above. First we go in search of the meaning of the word Pāḷi "dhammakkhandha." As explained in the dictionary meaning of the English "-Pāḷi dhammakkhandha" is "a written passage of the law", "genus of Dhamma", "section be split split of France" or "part of the standard" qui ... From this meaning we consider the Han language Naming Convention from:
- Disciplines: the word Han language subjects in addition to meaning "door", "schools", also means "a part of academia". So the Disciplines here will be understood in the sense of a branch of the French section and was used to translate the term "dhammakkhandha." Also, in the Hirakwa dictionary also shows from France also are for translating the many conventions from Sanskrit.
- France UanUan letter in Chinese language: "the accumulation", "the collectors contained". From this to the word "khandha" Pāḷi language. So from France Aggregates used for translation from "dhammakkhandha."
- Legal Convergence: Convergence in the Han language word meaning "gathering", "area of contributions" is almost word Aggregates.
- France Music: in the Buddha the great Optical Dictionary that explains the word is the old word used to translate, the equivalent of the word Aggregates.
Therefore, if the word "dhamma" the shelves are implied as "dhammakkhandha" then the one from France, France, France, French Audio or Condenser Aggregates can be used to translate the word "dhamma".
In summary, both Han Chinese and Vietnamese translations above are reasonable when using the word "France" or "French Aggregates" to translate "dhamma" with unspoken is "dhammakkhandha."
Here recorded more cases of translation, he used the Cardboard Households from France to translate from "dhammakkhandha."
Caturāsītisahassa
Dhammakkhandhānubhāvena.
So thanks to Germany of 8 thousand French subjects 4, unimpeachable.
(Shelf Space Bodes, H.T. Households)
4. The word "dhamma" in the main shelves is "dhammakkhandha"?
4.1. telescopic View Council
The view that the word "dhamma" in the article is "dhammakkhandha" shelf of the translator and author Vietnam seemed largely comes from the original Outlook of the TS. Binh Anson in theory and Practice, the religious PUBLISHING HOUSE, published in 2008. In a piece written that: "the word" France "(dhamma) in his answer Ānanda means what? Professor k. r. Norman, translator of English language translation of Theragatha (Elders Increase shelf), said that Mr conclusion Professor Buddhaghosa, in Increased shelf, Elders have to explain "legal" here is understood as the "French aggregates" (dhamma-khandha), that is the passage about the Dhamma." [v] In on, author not cited "Professor K.R. Norman said" in the document as well as the notes of Professor Buddhaghosa comments how reference. This makes the original document survey encountered the difficulty. Some readers will wonder whether comment master Buddhaghosa has such annotation? However, if it is true that Mr Buddhaghosa has recorded this then here is still the personal opinion, not the official record. So, will have those comments.
4.2. no Council opinion
Bhikkhu Gavesako, a monk of the West, with many papers on the website gave his opinion about the word "dhamma" in the article on the shelves as follows: "If we look at the original Pali text, only the numbers 82.000 and 2.000 and 84.000 are mentioned in it, together with the" dhamma "meaning" teachings "in this context (the word" dhammakkhandha "does not appear at all)." [vi] Vietnamese Translation: "if we see the primitive Pāḷi text, just see the number 82000, 2,000 and 84000 are mentioned in it, along with the word" dhamma "means" Dhamma "is in this context (from the French" aggregates "never appear)." So, based on this reasoning cannot be confirmed from the "dhamma" is "dhammakkhandha."
4.3. translation perspective of Western scholars
The Western translators also cautious when the word "dhamma" in his shelf A Nan. They translated the following from the root and not deploy more. The following are some of the translations:
The English translation by Bhikkhu Sujato and Jessica Walton:
“I learned 82.000 from the Buddha,
And 2.000 from the monks;
These 84.000
Are the teachings I have memorized." [vii]
We do not use this translation from the "aggregate of dhamma" that used the word "teaching" to translate the word "dhamma". In English the word "teaching" If is uncountable noun, then the meaning of it is "thought by an individual or a group that would be used to teach others." We can sum the meaning of the word "teaching" that K.R. Norman has translated it as "Dhamma".
The English translation of Hellmuth Hecker & Sister Khema:
“82.000 Teachings from the Buddha
I have received;
2.000 more from his disciples;
Now, 84.000 are familiar to me. " [viii]
This translation is the same as the previous translation, the word "dhamma" is translated as "Dhamma".
5. Learn the use of the word "dhammakkhandha" in Pāḷi organ
A Dictionary of the Pali Language of Robert Childers Cæsar, page 117, explains this as follows: from "tripiṭaka is divided into 84000 dhammakkhandha, news" category "or" segment "of France. They are divided according to subject matter. To illustrate this sense, Buddhashosa said that a trading post or post the sermon about a topic will set up a dhammakkhandha, also a business article about many topics will form the many dhammakkhandha. MAH. 26; B. int. 34; Att. 133. Saṅgīti s. also refers to 4 dhammakkhandha, or "four subject of Dhamma" include sīlakkhandho, samādhikkhandho, paññākkhandho, vimuttikkhandho. " [ix] thus, according to this dictionary definition of the word "dhammakkhandha" used in the classification of the Kingdom, and for every one part formed after the split is complete, it is called "dhammakkhandha." However, we noticed this classification is not based on a standard fixed fiend.
One way of the other Division split into 84000 21000 21000 + numbers + 42000, explained in the Commentaries (atthakatha) Pāḷi as follows: Tibet has 21000 dhammakhandha; dhammakhandha; 21000 law Tibet Tibetan Vi French Magic dhammakhandha 42000 . Bhikkhu Gavesako had stated that this "is not correct in terms of history" (which cannot be historically true). [x]
We found that, from the "dhammakkhandha" in your system, the classical Pāḷi almost exclusively used in the split, split the education type. Do not have a standard naming for the Division, so we realize there are many different numbers depending on each Division.
About numbers 84000 dhammakkhanda "when compared with the figure of" dhamma "84000 his shelves A Nan Tibetan Major system, we don't see any connection. Tibetan official: 84000 dh = 82000 dh (Buddha) + 2,000 dh (Bhikkhu on stilts), also in the Notes then: 84000 dhk = 21000 dhk () + () + 42000 dhk 21000 dhk (Micro Magic).
The meaning of the word "dhammakkhandha" see only appear in the glossary. This Word does not find mention in the main Organ systems. As such, it is more likely from the "dhammakkhandha" is from arising in the process of sorting the files of those classics in the generation after.
6.
Numbers 84000 in due to him An Nan narrates in The Minor's own Shelves Elders is 84000 France News "dhamma" in Pāḷi language. The word "dhamma" is deployed into the "dhammakkhandha" is derived from the personal perspective and outside Tibet Itself. If acceptance of the views of "dhamma" is "dhammakkhandha" then the Vietnamese translation or Chinese allowed to select one from France, France, France, France Negative Capacitor Aggregates to translate, because this is the only words from Sanskrit Sutra translation in the Convention to the ancient Han dynasty. Of course, there are also other views not shared "dhamma" is "dhammakkhandha" and can in the future will have a view that the word "dhamma" is a "dhamma. ...". However, to date no one can give a convincing argument about France that Mr A is Nan mentioned in the article. This is what the French still is a hidden number.END=NAM  MO SAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY=THICH CHAN TANH.THE MIND OF ENLIGTHMENT.WORLD VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST ORDER=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=GOLDEN LOTUS MONASTERY=AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.28/11/2015.