BUDDHA - LA -MON (Hinduism, Hinduism) - Vedism - Brahmanism - Hinduism Statue of elephant-headed goddess 'Lord Ganpatni' Ms.- La-mon is a transliteration of the Sanskrit word: Brahma. Brahminism is a very ancient religion of India, appearing before the time of Buddha Shakyamuni. Brahminism originates from the Vedic religion (also transliterated as Vedaism) in India, the oldest religion of mankind. Brahminism developed until the first century AD, when it turned into Hinduism. Famous architectural works of India and Southeast Asian countries such as Konarac, Kharujaho, Mahabalipuram, Angkor Watt, Loro Jong Grang, Cham Towers in Vietnam and many great Indian philosophical works such as Ramayana, Mahabharata , were born on the basis of Brahmanism. Konarack Temple, Mahabalipuram and Angkor Watt We examine Vedicism, Brahminism and Hinduism respectively. 1. Vedicism This is an ancient religion of India and the oldest of mankind. Called Vedic religion because this religion built its doctrine on the Vedas. (Véda: Transliteration of Veda or Veda, meaning Understanding). Vedic worship of nature, consisting of many beliefs, rituals, and incantations, attributed to the legends of the Dravidian black aboriginal people of peninsular India, combined with the beliefs of the white peoples from The Northwest came to invade, especially the white Aryans, who invaded northern India, about 1550 years ago. The Vedas, written in Sanskrit, of the Aryans, consists of four volumes, including songs praising the Gods, prayers, ritual sacrifices and secret incantations. : 1.1. Rig Veda Adapted to the meaning of the translation, Rig Véda means Commentary on Praise (praise), formed in the 20th century BC (BC), including 10 volumes, a collection of songs praising the Gods. , got 1028 items. 1.2. Sama Veda Adapted from the translation, Sama Véda means Commentary on the Canticles, formed in the 10th century BC, including songs used to sing during sacrifices, a total of 1549 songs. 1.3. Yayur Véda Adapted from the translation, Yayur Véda means Commentary on the sacrifices of the island, which includes prayers in the ritual ritual. The three types of Vedas above are used during the ceremony, and are chanted by the clergy at their discretion. 1.4. Atharva Véda Collection of spells, unrelated to sacrifice, formed in the 10th century BC, a total of 20 volumes. Although mainly copied spells and incantations, but interspersed with scientific articles that laid the foundation for later Astronomy and Medicine. The four Vedas above, later all have books written in Sanskrit with separate explanations for each. The basic teaching of the Vedic religion holds that humans are constantly in relationship with God and have harmony with the universe. Therefore, only by making sacrifices and praying for islands, people will be blessed by the Gods in all their work. Along with the prayers were great sacrifices. Sacrifices such as: Meat, butter, milk, wine, are offered to the Gods by burning on the pyre. The sacrifice to the gods was very important, so gradually the group of priests became the most important, prestigious and powerful in Indian society, forming the Brahmin clergy later. 2. Brahminism Brahminism was formed on the basis of Vedic religion, about 800 years ago BC, which is not a very long time before Shakyamuni Buddha opened Buddhism in India. The Brahminism offers scriptures explaining and commenting on the Vedas such as: The Brahmana Sutra, the Upanishad Sutra, the Interpretation of Maya (i.e. the World of Illusion) and on Nirvana. Brahmanism worships Brahma, the supreme being, the soul of the universe. 2.1. The Brahmin class division divides Indian society into five classes. Whoever is born into a caste must remain in that class for the rest of his life. 2.1.1. The first class is the Brahmin monks They consider themselves born from the mouth of the Brahma, so they have the right to hold the highest position in society, exclusively offering sacrifices to God. and the Gods. 2.1.2. The second caste is the King-Di-Li They were born from the shoulder of the Brahma. This class includes kings, nobles, bourgeois, public servants and ministers. They took power to rule and punish the people. 2.1.3. The third caste is the Vesak They were born from the hip of the Brahma. This class consisted of merchants and wealthy ranchers. They hold economics, trade and trade expertise with all classes of people in society. 2.1.4. The fourth caste is the Thu-Dala They were born from the feet of the Brahma. This class consisted of poor farmers and workers. 2.1.5. The fifth class is the Lamb-Da-La This is the lowest class in Indian society, consisting of people who do lowly jobs such as: Waiters, workers, rowers, slaughter animals, etc. The Brahmin clergy relied on religious forces to strengthen their position and interests. They find ways to protect and maintain the class system, follow myths, invent the Law of Manu, discriminate against classes, and do not allow marriage between two different classes. 2.2. The Code of Conduct for the Brahmin clergy is divided into three levels: Beginner, Middle and Upper. - In the beginning were the monks who made regular offerings and those who served at the temple. They recited the first three Vedas, including: Rig Véda, Yayur Véda, and Sama Veda. They perform rituals and witness sacrifices, so they are often directly with the people. - The middle level are the monks of divination, prophecy, sometimes the Devil, sometimes they do some magic for the people to submit. This class reads and explains the fourth Veda, the Atharva Veda. This fourth Sutra has a higher content than the previous three and contains mantras. - The upper class is the highest rank, including monks who are no longer directly with the people. This class specializes in the study of invisible forces in the universe. Beginner Brahmin class has to study for 20 years to get to middle class. The middle class has to study for 20 years to get to the top class. Above all is a monk who governs the religion as the Cardinal. This cardinal has 70 assistant teachers. The Brahmin monks must keep 10 Precepts: 1. Patience. 2. Do what is right (pay good for evil). 3. Moderation. 4. Honesty. 5. Keep yourself clean. 6. Master your senses. 7. Know well the Vedas. 8. Know the Brahma. 9. Speak the truth. 10. Keep yourself from getting angry. 2.3. Ashrama Theory Ashrama theory about 4 stages that people must go through in order for earthly life to enter into religious practice, listed below: 2.3.1. Sanskrit period According to the teacher studying the Vedas, receiving religious training, the time is 12 years. 2.3.2. Stay at home Living a secular life at home, getting married and having children, doing occupations in society to pursue a living. did not violate his duty as a Brahmin, to conduct family worship and to give alms. 2.3.3. The end of the world The housework is done, either you or your wife go to hermitage in the forest, live an ascetic life so that you can realize Brahma. 2.3.4. Breaking the world Abandoned home and traveled to the four directions, living by receiving alms from the people, the goal was to achieve liberation of the soul. 2.4. Brahman and Atman - Brahman is the supreme origin of the universe, that is, the Great Self, the Great Universe, the Great Soul, now commonly known as God. - Atman is the ego of man, the Little Self, the Little Soul, the Little Universe. It is only a very small part of the detached Great Self. Therefore, Brahman and Atman are of the same nature, so they can collude with each other. Cultivation is to achieve liberation of the soul from the sufferings of bondage in the physical world to bring Atman back to union with Brahman. Realization of this Truth, not through wisdom, but through the enlightenment of the whole being. If you can't be liberated, you can't get rid of Karma, that is, you can't get rid of Samsara, you have to be reincarnated back into the mundane world, life after life. 2.5. Karma - Reincarnation The Upanishads have raised the issue of Karma and Reincarnation systematically. Karma (Karma) created by the good and evil actions of a person, will determine the reincarnation of that person's soul after death. If someone does good, the soul will be reincarnated into a human at a higher level, and possibly a God, and enter the Heavenly Dao. If he does a lot of evil, the soul will be reincarnated into the miserable lower classes, and may be punished with damnation. The path to liberation is Meditation, but this path is too ascetic and few people can follow it, so most followers follow the worship of Gods, control their own desires and do charity work. 3. Hinduism Hindus flock to the temple at Batu Caves, Kuala Lumpur as the sun rises during the Thaipusam festival (left). The Elephant Head Festival (Ganesh Chaturthi-pictured right), which usually lasts 10 days, is one of the most important Hindu festivals in India, celebrating the birth of the elephant-headed god Ganesh. People. On the last day of the festival, the image of the god Ganesh is put on a car, procession through the cities before being dipped into a river, pond, or sea. Brahminism is the state religion of India. But when Shakyamuni Buddha's Buddhism spread, the influence of Brahminism dwindled. Through many reforms to partially conform to the evolutionary trend of the people, in the first century AD, Brahmanism turned into Hinduism (in short, Hinduism) and is also known as Hinduism. HInduism. In the 18th century the word "Hindoo" (Persian Hindu) began to be used and finally, in the 19th century, the word "Hinduism" became very common. Thus the word "Hinduism" - translated as Hindu here - is not a self-proclaimed title of an Indian religion. But the name influenced the self-proclaimed neo-Hinduism of the 19th and 20th centuries because it suggested a religious unification during the Indian war for independence. and used to respond to today's divisive tendencies. However, the word Hinduism can be misleading. When people started using it, it was based on two incorrect preconditions. The first is that it is believed to be a derivative of the Persian root Hindoo (Hindu) indicating followers of a certain religion. The second is that all Indians are considered to be followers of this religion if they do not follow the other major religions, such as Islam, Catholicism, Judaism, Buddhism, Christianity. Both of the above prerequisites are misinterpreted. The Persian noun "Hindu" has only the equivalent meaning of the Greek word "Indian", and both are derived from the name of the great river India (Sanskrit: sindhu, Persian: hindu, Greek: Greek: Indós), brought to the country it flows through this name: Hindus are people of origin from the country of India (india). Even when Persian-speaking Muslims invaded, distinguishing between Muslims and Hindus, it did not mean that all Hindus were followers of one religion. Hinduism still retains the main features of Brahmanism, worshiping Brahma, later worshiping two more, Civa (Siva) and Vishnu or Christna. - Brahma is the Creator, - Civa is the Fighting God, - Vishnu is the Preserver. Together, these three are called the Trinity. (Cao Dai religion calls these 3 people Tam The Buddha, who governs 3 Nguon: Thuong Nguon, Trung Nguon and Ha Nguon, there is a statue placed on the roof of Bat Quai Dai, Tay Ninh Holy See). Hinduism also worships other ancient Gods such as: - God of Thunder Indra. - Sun god Surya - God of fire Agni - God of wind Vayu. - God of the air Varuna. Hinduism still maintains the same class division of society as Brahmanism. Hinduism is divided into many sects, mainly with 2 major sects, Vishnu and Civa (Siva), and nurtures many philosophical sects, the most famous of which are 2 sects: Vedanta and Yoga. In order to easily blend in with the masses, at this stage many rituals were simplified, and costly animal sacrifices were abolished. By the 19th and 20th centuries, some famous activists of Hinduism such as: Ram Mohan Roy, Rama Krishna, Viveka Nanda, made a major renovation to Hinduism, restoring basic values ​​and exclude backward and excessive elements from the thought of this Tao. It is thanks to the ability to adapt and change that Hinduism has always been the main religion of the Indians and has had a profound influence on all classes of people from time immemorial. According to preliminary statistics in 1980, Hinduism today has up to 554 million adherents, most of whom are Indians. In recent years, the international activities of Hinduism have been very rich: in 1979 in Allahabad (India), 1980 in Colombo (Ceylon), in 1981 in Nepal, respectively, the Great Congress was convened. worldwide gathering of Hindus, to discuss the difficult problems of Hinduism, how Hinduism adapts to the civilized life of modern people, and establish relationships international relations between Hinduism and other religions in a friendly manner. * * * Hinduism The symbol of Hinduism known to the world Hinduism is the name given to the major interrelated and existing branches of religion in India. About 80% of Indians consider themselves Hindus and it is believed that, There are about 30 million Hindus living abroad. The Batu Caves temple, in Kualalamper, Malaysia has the second tallest statue of Lord Murugan in the world, which attracts devotees during the Thaipusam festival. 1. The concept of "Hinduism" Since the 16th century, missionaries and travelers often refer to the religion and customs of India and often refer to these natives as "pagans" (en. pagan, de) . Heiden) if they do not claim to follow one of the major religions (Christianity, Judaism or Islam). They are called gentiles in Latin, gentio in Portuguese, and from there in English gentoo and Dutch/German Heyden (Heiden). In the 18th century the word "Hindoo" (Persian Hindu) began to be used and finally, in the 19th century, the word "Hinduism" became very common. Thus the word "Hinduism" - translated as Hindu here - is not a self-proclaimed title of an Indian religion. But the name influenced the self-proclaimed neo-Hinduism of the 19th and 20th centuries because it suggested a religious unification during the Indian war for independence. and used to respond to today's divisive tendencies. Today, a wide range of Indian religions is known and research information is increasingly abundant. Therefore, the word "Hinduism", "Hinduism", cannot mean a certain religion of the Indians, but just a way of calling it with a general meaning, only a group of religions that are related to each other, but different, comes from South Asia (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh). Although these religions are related to each other, they are as different as the difference between Judaism, Buddhism, Christianity and Islam. They have different concepts of god, have different scriptures as well as different methods of practice and ritual performance. They have different theologies, are based on different theologians and gurus, and honor different bodies as the supreme God. A common, but informal, and incorrect term used by Hindus is "Long-lasting Dharma". Other names such as Vedic Hinduism or Brahminism name only branches of Hinduism. 2. The most important Hindu sects 2.1. Hinduism of the Indus Valley Civilization The Indian River Basin with two centers Mohenjodaro and Harappa, in present-day Pakistan The religion of the Indus Valley Civilization (which flourished around 2300-1750 BC) can only be partially reconstructed from archaeological works. In general, interpretations of these monuments agree that elements of the Indus culture persisted and were partly absorbed by other classical Indian religions. The images on steatite (talc) seals in places like Mohenjodaro, Harappa and other settlements show tree deities, considered by researchers to be the forerunners of the Rashas and Ras. - Murder later. A figure of the Divine Body in a sitting position of a Yogi suggests that the origins of Yoga may be traced back to the Indus civilization. One also found a Divine Body sitting among the beasts, known as the Beast Master, "lord of the beasts" and - possibly falsely - the forerunner of the god Rhubarb. The image that is considered to be an erect penis of Low-she is probably just a loose belt, and because these gods carry items on their arms, archaeologists have not been able to determine whether this is a male or female figure. . Ritual bathing plays an important role as there are vestiges of elaborately built formal baths (possibly absorbed by later Indian religious branches in the form of temple ponds). . However, no traces of a temple were found. Interpretation of stone rings as the phallic and vulva (the base of the stone rings) and terracotta female statues as the Mother Goddesses are still conjecture. 2.2. Vedic Hinduism Origins and Sacred Scriptures One Page of the Lekuveda vol., edition of the Indologist Max Müller, presents two verses of Puruṣasūkta, 10.90, with commentary by Sāyaṇa As the oldest religion in India with the canon still remaining, Vedic Hinduism plays a special role in the study of the historical religion of India. India. This religion has many similarities with the Old Iranian religion and through the names of the gods, one can see the relationship with the Roman, Greek and Doan (ancient German) religions. In a contract document of the Mitanni (an Indo-Persian empire north of Mesopotamia), the names of the Vedic gods are found such as Mādala, Pālāna, Ren. -dala and the Ma Dong. The Vedas are semi-nomadic tribes that have been introduced to India from the West and Northwest during the period 1700-1200 BC in several waves. They called themselves Nha Loi-an. Their religion belongs to the polytheistic system with the basis of religious rituals being sacrifices to gods. The person who performs the divine island prayer with a chant. The altar is solemnly set up with three types of fire, the sacrifice is performed by various priests along with chants, island sacrifices, and mantras. The sacrifices were Thomas, animals, melted butter, grain, and cooked food. Ancestors are also sacrificed. The Four Vedas are the earliest religious and poetic works of the Indo-European language family. Of these four volumes, the Lekuveda plays a special role, consisting of ten mandalas with 1028 chants of praise (thus also being translated as Praise of the Commentary). Lekuveda is considered to be the oldest source of texts recording the concepts of god and myths of the Nha-loan Veda people. The work of editing Lekuveda probably ended around 1000 B.C.E. The four sets of the Vedas together with the Pham Thu (with contents specifying the chanting and ceremony), the Sam Lam Thu (with conjecture on metaphysical issues), as well as the Upanishads are considered. are Revelation texts, that is, "opened to the heavens". They greatly influenced later religious branches in India. The Vedic Indians prayed to the gods for many children, health, prosperity, victory over enemies, a hundred years of life as well as forgiveness for transgressing universal laws or "truths" ", and after he died he went to heaven, the abode of Shakyamuni and other gods. The responsibilities of the devotees are: 1. studying the scriptures, keeping proper rituals, 2. making sacrifices to the gods and ancestors, and 3. raising sons so that they can keep the tradition of sacrifice for a long time. 2.3. "Brahminism" and new developments The development of the Vedic religion in the direction of emphasizing purity while performing divine sacrifices brought about a specialization in the Brahmin world. -monism in the period 1000-500 BC. It also excluded those of the lower ranks, most of whom were not members of the Nha-lian group, belonging to the class of slaves, from the practice of rituals as well as from the study of Vedas. In the hands of the Brahmins, the discipline of sacrifice had become a science dealing with the relationship between the effective energy in the sacrificial process and the cosmic law. The relationships between the macrocosm and the microcosm, between the mantra and its associated energy and the object pointed to by the mantra, as well as between the sacrificial act and future events, all have led to to a concept that includes the world and the sacrifice in which people no longer need gods. This period of Vedas is also called Brahminism. During this time, one finds what was initially only briefly mentioned in the Pham Thu, and not long after that was clearly presented by the Upanishads: The concept of rebirth and the law of cause and effect (karma). . This new doctrine holds that good and bad deeds in this life will bear fruit in the next and as such, it also causes people to gradually withdraw from the original purpose of Vedas: A life being in heaven is no longer a final thing because that place is still subject to the law of rebirth and rebirth as well as karma. Thus, the place of liberation cannot be obtained from the gods and cannot be obtained through sacrifice. Liberation can only be realized through wisdom and the purpose of this realization is the state of immortality (sa. amṛtatva), the basis of all existence: brahman, completely similar to ātman, the small self. With this concept, the Vedic religion transcended its own shadow. The significance of the sacrifice was documented and the way opened for new reformed religious movements such as Buddhism, Jainism, as well as other branches of atheism (e.g. the Numismatics, see more Hindu philosophy), Non-Dualism and Monotheistic religions. Some of the above-mentioned movements oppose the Brahmin's monopoly on the performance of rituals and the racial system in general. The Vedic religion lost its leading position in North India in the last centuries BC, in South India in the first century. It still exists, but only to a limited extent, and exerts a certain influence in the field of philosophy in the form of Mimansai. After the discovery of the Vedas by European researchers and stimulated by their eagerness to trace, the Indians also returned to the Vedas with clear signs in the movement. Later Reformed Hinduism. 2.4. The Black-Gods Hinduism, the embodiment of the Low-Spirit, and the lover Radhā Theravada is a monotheistic religion with the basis of which comes from the assimilation of the low-deity. -no in the Vedic religion and the transcendental deity Nala-d'ina, as well as from the amalgamation of certain popular rituals, especially the worship of the Black God in mid-century North India. 6th and 2nd BCE. The bhikkhu-no-na-lady-na is called the Old-Brahma - that is, the Blessed One - and the followers are called the Old-Brahma. It should be noted that the way of calling Pisces-Slave or Believers-Low-slaves appeared only in the 5th century. In the image of the Black God, One can see the harmony of many sacrificial trends into one unit. Along with Bala-la-ma - a god with the features of the underworld as well as related to the custom of worshiping snakes and dragons and considered a brother - Black God was worshiped as a pair of gods and built a temple. . Black God is also worshiped in the group of Five Heroes, including Black God himself, his brother is Bala-la-ma, his two sons are Tam-ba, Dai Hung Kiet and grandson is Ano-la-da in the Vrishni tribe. . After the removal of Tam-ba from this group, the representatives of one of the two remaining important groups - those of the Five Nights group - of the remaining four celestial beings took the first steps of the dispersal of the supreme body. Among the representatives of the second group, the Bac Gia Pham believers, the Black God Batudeba is considered to be the complete embodiment of the god Nalayana. , is revered as the supreme deity. Around the 6th century, 7, Hinayana again gained an important place because it absorbed much of a trend of sun worship. Two schools of Indian epics, the Rāmāyaṇa, which describes the life of the hero Rāma, the embodiment of the low-ranking god, and the Mahābhārata, which includes all of the Venerable Songs, helped to popularize the low-class. to Southeast Asian countries. The two most important groups of the stilts are the Five Nights and the Bac Gia Pham. The Silver-Golden group adhered to the teachings of the former Brahminism while the Five Nights group was considered unorthodox. From the time of the Grade-da dynasty (c. 5), the boundary between these two groups has blurred. The important groups that appeared later and exist to this day are the Śrīsaṃpradāya group, derived from the Lamaanda's doctrine of Non-dual Limitation (1055-1137) and subdivided into various sub-branches; group of Brahmasaṃpradāya with Madhva's dualistic doctrine (~1238-1317); the Rudrasaṃpradāya group following Viṣṇusvāmin's pure Non-Dualism with two branches established by Vallabha and Caitanya; and the Sanakādisaṃpradāya group, founded by Nimbārka, according to the doctrine of Duality and Non-Dualism. Today, theravada Buddhism is considered one of the two most important Indian religious movements along with the Mahayana. 2.5. Hinduism in the form of a meditating yogin, Bangalore a teacher is largely a monotheistic religion, but a few branches favor a dualistic relationship Low -she-Calculus or admits plurality with many eternal souls. This religion also derives from a relationship with a god mentioned in the Vedic scriptures, Lo-dala. Lo-dala is described as violent and dangerous. He ruled the field of disease and healing; His arrows are the worries of other gods and storms, the embodiment of the wind god (Wind God), are seen as phenomena that follow him. Low-she, translated as "auspicious", "good", is a euphemism used to postpone reconciliation with this fierce god. He is called the Self at the Master, the Great Self at the Master. According to the highest teaching, the low woman in the supreme form does not carry any attributes and is identical with the Brahma of the Vedanta system. In terms of personality, she has attributes, including two principles of male as well as female. The female principle is expressed through force, that is, an active factor in perception, will, action, self-concealment, and favor of God. In myths, the female principle is considered the wife of the god Low-Ba, the gentle and quiet form is the goddess Tuyet Son, the angry or destructive form is the Do-er-ca. It is the low goddess who appears in myths as a yogi or a god who subjugates demons and wreaks havoc on the world. The two images are related to the path of liberation of the followers of the Low School teacher. The path comes from worshiping the goddess Low-she, through meditation to liberation from the bonds of individual spirituality that takes on the form of the world. Then this spirit attains the supreme consciousness of the supreme being. The fetters arise from attachment to matter and through that, the limitless intellectual capacity and activity of the supreme mind is maximally limited by the following factors: Time, space, and human law. fruit, limit of perception, limit of knowledge and ability to act. Through the encircling darkness of the mind, the diversity and variety of phenomena appear, replacing the oneness in the supreme consciousness of all existences. The eradication of this manifold - and thus also the eradication of the world through the grace of the god - is accomplished by the eruption of liberating knowledge, breaking the veil of ignorance, liberating release the soul of the believer from the cycle of birth and death. 108 Liṅga inscribed on rock, bank of Tungabhadra river, Hampi, India The most important statue of the Low-madam is the Liṅga, which is considered a symbol of the penis. The holy scriptures include the Ahamids and the Draculas. Over time, the low-class teacher absorbed a host of other independent cult traditions, including the tradition of worshiping the war gods Skanda and Gaṇeśa (both considered to be children of the Low Lady), the cult of the dragon-snake, part of the tradition of sun-worship, and many gods and rituals. worship of other localities. There are many different schools in the Low-school teacher. The Beast Master school held an important place in the early days with its ascetic style, provocative isolation from society. From this sect developed several sub-branches with very extreme views, such as the Kāpālika branch. In contrast, the Baba Worshipers followed very early Brahmin customs. Both schools emphasize the practice of Yoga and have greatly contributed to its development. Controlling yoga or Kuṇḍalinī yoga was developed by the Nātha branch of Northeastern India. In South India, The religious movement led to the revival of the low-class teacher. In parallel with the Agamas and Vedic thought contacts, the devotional chants of the Nāyanār group are also considered to be the origin of the self-proclaimed 'Shhakatva school'. The ultimate completion of the low-class teacher. In the 12th century, another school, the Vīraśaiva, appeared, which contained a sizable element of social reform. Under the influence of the non-dual-Vedanta doctrine, the Kashmiri school of women was founded in the 8th century, emphasizing the fusion of faith and Dhyana into a monistic teaching. Theravada Buddhism still exerts a great influence on Indian society and, along with the Pisces, it is still the largest and most important branch of Hinduism. 2.6. Force Hinduism Holding the cult center position of the Force religion is the Goddess of Virtue Force Only this goddess perceives and acts, creates, preserves and destroys the world, fulfills, grants, and liberates. The Goddess of Force is the synthesis of all the powers, that is, the power of all the gods, especially the goddess Rhythmah and the Servant. Historically, the force religion came from tribal religious movements. There is a theory that the force religion may have originated from the worship of the Goddess of the Indus Valley Civilization, but this theory has not been conclusively proven. From the first centuries C.E., the sage was integrated into the low-shepherd, and around the sixth century AD gained importance again through the support of the Brahmin tradition, Later, she was worshiped by the Shaddi-loi (king and military race) because she was considered the goddess of war. But only since the 10th century did the Goddess of Virtue surpass other masculine deities, especially the Low Lady, and from here on, the male-female relationship is reversed: Without the Goddess of Virtue, the relationship is reversed. other gods are no longer able to perceive and function. Over time, the Tinh force religion absorbed many traditions of worshiping local goddesses, integrating them into the tradition of worshiping Goddess Do-erka or Kali and thereby, made a great contribution to the worship of goddesses. the Hinduization of tribal religious movements. To this day, the force religion still holds an important place in religious life in India. Along with the Dat-la books and the Low-class teachers, the Tinh force religion also has its own sacred scriptures, which have appeared since the 10th century. The cult of the Goddess of Power included the sacrifice of animals (fish, roosters, goats, cows) and even people up to the time of the British Empire. The practice includes dartala rituals with mantras and secret symbols, sometimes including tantric ritual intercourse. 2.7. The monistic Non-Dual Vedanta The doctrine of the monistic Non-Dual Vedas also developed itself into a separate sect. The most outstanding representative of this sect was Thuong-yet-la, who, according to legend, lived around 788-820 (according to modern researchers, it must have been about 100 years before that). The three starting points of Thuong-yet-la are the Upanishads, Chi Ton Ca and the Brahma Sutras. On this basis, Thuong-yet-la established a worldview and a doctrine that liberated away from the views of previous Vedas: The world, with its gods, is the product of illusion, is an illusion. Only Brahma possesses supreme reality and Brahma identifies with the small self. From the assimilation of Brahma and the minor self, Thuong-yet-la concludes that there are no individual souls. All varieties are fictitious, have only temporary value, are only relative realities. Diversity disappears when ultimate wisdom leads the individual mind to merge with Brahma and thus leads to liberation. The Vedanta non-dual has had a great influence on the Mahayana, having made its mark in the Kashmir branch. The Vedanta non-dualism was greatly modified by the Vedas, for example in the Lamaanda's doctrine of Non-dual Limitation. But the highlight of this Vedanta Non-Dualism is that it greatly influenced the later Neo-Hindu movement. 2.8. New Hinduism Neo-hinduism started as a reform movement, has greatly contributed to the Indian independence movement in the 19th and 20th centuries, and is especially popular. popular among the urban elite. However, early New Hinduism showed a strong synergistic tendency, seeking to fuse Indian religious traditions and to follow them with concepts and ideals derived from Christianity and Islam. This movement manifests itself in many forms - locally as well as nationally - and the most significant branches are: - Brāhma Samāj ("Pham Hoi"), founded by Rām Mohan Roy (1772-1833) in 1828 , later bearing the imprint of two leaders Devendranāth Tagore (1817-1905, father of Rabindranath Tagore) and Keshab Chandra Sen (1838–1884). Brāhma Samāj rejects the Indian racial system as well as the extreme beliefs of the Hindu tradition such as the cremation of widows (satī), and opposes idolatry. In general, Brāhma Samāj's moral and practical views are strongly influenced by Christianity. - The Ārya Samāj ("Church"), founded in 1875 by Dayānanda Sarasvati. This group is based solely on the Vedic scriptures, but uses it in a very selective way. The doctrine of not worshiping idols, though influenced by Christianity, is interpreted in Vedic terms. In general, Ārya Samāj sought to confront Christian missionaries with an equivalent religious tradition, specifically Indian. - Rāmakṛṣṇa ("Black Lama"), was founded in 1897 by Svāmī Vivekānanda (1863-1902) in memory of his guru, Rāmakṛṣṇa Paramahaṃsa (1836-1886). On the basis of the Vedanta Non-Dualism, all religions are seen as paths leading to the ultimate goal although they are considered inferior because of their attachment to lower realities. From Christianity, the Rāmakṛṣṇa association absorbed social work participants, but interpreted it in terms of Indian traditions as they were recorded in the Supreme Song and the doctrine of karma. The branches of Indian missionaryism led by the "Gurus" of Indian origin in the West can be listed as New Hinduism. In India, New Hinduism itself tends to be more susceptible to Western materialism and agnosticism than the two long-traditional religions of Hinduism and Hinduism. The lowly-slavery. 3. The common basis of the branches of Hinduism Because it comes from closely related traditions, continuous influence on each other and long-term development in an environment, under political and social conditions. economic and economic conditions are almost the same, so all branches of Indian religions bear very clear similarities. 3.1. Reincarnation Belonging to the common basic points is the samsaric view, which acknowledges the phenomena of rise, stay, fall, and pass away of the cyclical phenomenal world. With it, one finds a great appreciation of the source, which is considered pure and perfect. From there comes an upstream moral assessment: The world does not progress over time but only decays until a god determines a new starting point. In the middle stage, morality declines, wisdom declines. Humanity is currently living in the end of the world, the last of the four periods of this life. This view in turn gives rise to a traditional reverence. Traditional knowledge is revered and preserved with age despite the fact that it has been replaced by new knowledge. Thereby one can understand why all Hindus revere the Vedas despite the fact that they hardly know them nor need them in their teachings or practice. Along with the theory of reincarnation is the theory of reincarnation and the theory of causality. All the higher religious traditions from the Indian subcontinent--including Buddhism and Jainism--endorse this theory, although there are some variations in it. This theory requires education, so it affects only the middle and upper classes: In the lower classes or among the tribes - thus the majority of the Indian population - this theory has little or no what effect. 3.2. Racial Regime All branches of Hinduism operate within the racial system, although most have vehemently opposed it. In the branches that promote religion, this regime has absolutely no legal basis, but is proposed and required by ancient legal documents, although they belong to the post-Vedic period and have no legal basis. apocalyptic nature. We can fit the racial regime into the model explaining reincarnation without contradiction, but this does not mean that it should be taken for granted. In the Hindus of the Servant, the Madam as well as the Virtues, one finds struggles against the racial system but under the domination of the following Muslim and Christian regimes. In these times, the space for struggle against traditional structures has become tight. Only in modern times and especially after independence (1947) was the racial system removed from the constitution. 3.3. Idol Worship Finally, what all branches of Hinduism have in common is idolatry. This worship - often with an object of a certain deity - was so widespread that it was absorbed into the monistic branch of the Non-Dual Vedas, although according to this teaching, the manifestation of a god is still on the level of ignorance, illusion. The practice of burning corpses on the banks of the Ganges River and the strange festival of mortification Thaipusam to worship the god of war often take place in Hindu countries such as India, Singapore or Malaysia. Horror Widow Burning in India 2 Sati is a custom practiced by Hindus. Accordingly, when the husband died and was cremated, the widow had to jump into the pyre with her husband. It is considered an act of the highest piety and is said to cleanse a woman of all sins, free her from the cycle of reincarnation as well as ensure the salvation of her soul. only the husband but also the next 7 generations. The name Sati is named after a god, who committed suicide before her father's humiliation towards her husband - god Shiva. Sacrificing for her husband, thanks to this legend, has become a "symbol of a woman's dedication". END= NAM MO SHAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST DHARMA-EYE TEMPLE.( USA ).GOLDEN ZEN BUDDHIST MONASTERY=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=THE WOMEN OF THE SAKYA CLAN CHAN TANH.AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.26/6/2023.VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=THE WOMEN OF THE SAKYA CLAN CHAN TANH.