[04]

France In France observed.

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 that we have three of the four foundations of mindfulness that is: Observe yourself (or concept itself), to observe life (or life anniversary), to observe the mind (or heart concept). Now we begin to say to the last observation is the observation that the legal (or legal concept).
To contemplate the body or body concept is to observe the physical body or the physical part of the body. Life is to observe observe what the mind experiences: "suffering, optimistic, neutral" physical sensation. Observe also called attention to observe the things of the mind, mental states. Legal observation is to observe both, physically and mentally. Considering the five aggregates, the shop itself is observed aggregates of matter, life is customary to observe sensations, the mind is to observe customary and consistent legal consciousness is observing the five aggregates.
The word dhamma is transliterated as "legal" but not translated because it's hard to find a word to cover the full meaning of the word dhamma . The word dhamma is usually translated as the "subject of interest". This does not clear precisely because the object of meditation is mentioned in this chapter belong to two groups as well as the mind itself. When the "object of interest" means that the object or subject matter of the mind, the body is also the object of the mind, feeling and heart as well as mind objects. When the "object of interest" mean the objects belong to the mind, then the problem is that the material is also an object of contemplation. So it is best to leave the word dhamma , do not translate; Please try to understand that word dhamma mentioned in this sutta.In the chapter "Mindfulness France", we will mention: "five hindrances", "aggregates of grasping", "six apartments, six ceiling", "Seven Enlightenment", "Four Noble Truths". "Five obstacles" of the mind. "Five aggregates" physical and mental. "Six apartments, six ceiling" physical and mental. "Seven Enlightenment" of the mind, and the "Four Noble Truths" including physical and mental.
A. Five Obstacles
Any work you do, you will feel some kind of obstacle or hindrance to overcome. Obstacles are factors detrimental to meditation. It obscures or hinder that student can not concentrate the mind is.
The Buddha spoke of obstacles as follows:

Here is the monk, monk observing the legal measures in the past five obstacles:How consistent is the master monk in the legal approach through five hindrances? What are five hindrances?

1. Craving

Here is the monk, teacher present when craving monk said: "There are craving in me," or when the craving is absent, teacher monk said: "There is no craving in me", he spleen Qiu also said craving unborn reason is being run, he also knows the reason monk craving was being eradicated, he also knows the reason monk greed has been eradicated no longer arise in the future .

Section above teaching of the Buddha instructed us how to cope with the "craving" . Craving is the first obstacle in this position. "Craving" means the attachment, the attachment to the sense objects. Could use more nouns to indicate this status as craving, craving sex, greed, attachment, craving ... All these are only words on attachment to color, sound, smell, taste, touch, legal (legal here refers to both material and nomenclature). When craving is starting in the student center, student said: "there is craving in me" . During meditation if thoughts of greed, lust, attachment or desire arises, you must be aware of the presence of this craving. You must be aware of that are present in your craving and secretly recorded or concept: "Greedy, greedy, greedy" or "cling, cling, cling," or: "want, want, want" .
The word "presence" here means something that exists because it has happened many times. The thought is good or bad thoughts (good or evil thinking thinking) can not occur simultaneously. These ideas are not actually present at the time noted yogis or learned them because thought can not be present together with the identification of thought. But these ideas were present at the time called yogis observe them because they arise repeated several times. Actually at yogis observe those hurdles, they have gone already. They exist only in a very short time, maybe just a fraction of a second. "Present" means that something happened right there in the moment. You need to recognize what is there, existence or repeated several times. When the craving is present, yogis said: "there is such a craving in me". And when the craving is absent, yogis also said "no craving in me".
"Absent" here means two things: First, that is not present because not happened or has been removed. Second, that simply does not arise. Or is it arise initially in yogis, when yogis observe it, it disappeared. When it is gone, it means that it is absent . Sometimes yogis feel craving absent, it just means that craving arises in the mind are not yogis. Sometimes yogis feel craving, he noted yogi this craving. As noted how craving disappeared. Yogis he noted the disappearance of craving. Therefore, in addition to any case you have to be mindful also noted the absence of craving craving when absent.

Bhikkhus also know why this craving arises not been born.

There arises the causes and improving ideological unwholesome thoughts. We called them "attitude" or "opinion". Generally there are two types that we call "thinking" or "thought". They are "right thinking" and "deviant thinking". "Thought" thoughts lead to good and "evil thoughts" thoughts lead to evil. "Ta thinking" is thought inappropriate, so evil thoughts. That's the kind of reflection for permanent impermanence, for the dissatisfaction is unsatisfactory, for the non-self is the self, and the evil is good. Therefore, if you believe that a certain character is eternal, contented, with beautiful nature, lovely, good, then you have an attachment to "evil thoughts". The thinking on the evil called because it is the cause of the unwholesome thoughts arise. Thus, wrong thinking is the main reason to do evil thoughts arise.
Thought is the righteous way of thinking, adapted, in accordance with the path. This is the kind of thinking the impermanent as impermanent, unsatisfactory is unsatisfactory, not-self is selfless, bad is bad, there is no lovely lovely. That's the proper way to look at things. The Buddha taught that all things are impermanent, unsatisfactory and not in nature. You should not attach, attachment to anything. When you look at things this way, you can right thought, contemplating the wisdom or thinking right feet, lucid. That is the thinking in the right way, correct or have a proper conception of things.
Join one arises in you because you have the "wrong thinking" or there is not wise thinking. There are those who do the conditions or condition for craving arises. When you see something that you think is beautiful, endearing, and your attachment, the attachment to this material world is craving arises. This craving arises because you have the wrong attitude about things. You have no right thinking about this character. Therefore, whenever the craving arises in the student center, students have been recorded that are craving arises in us because we thought unwarranted. Since there are major misconceptions about the objects of the senses, so students think they are immortal, contented, and beautiful nature. When meditating, students have recognized this and conscious of them: "Because I do not think it wise to this new craving arises in our mind."

Master monk knows why craving was being eradicated.

Craving can be eliminated in two ways: By observing craving and by creating a lucid reflection on the object, that object impure nature. Means observing or thinking that the subject wise impure nature. Yogis can achieve by observing jhaanas impure.
The Buddha taught that this body does not lovable, not nice. Reflecting wisely on this body help eliminate craving. When students arrive at the notion jhaanas get impure as headings can also eliminate the craving. In Vipassana, you just concentrate craving mindfulness are also excluded. Once aware of the absence of craving, you know the cause of the disappearance of this attachment: "Because we have the insights into, have the right attitude or the right conception of this object should craving will disappear. "
Sometimes yogis recorded the cause of the disappearance of craving then yogis also learned why craving was this exclusion does not occur again in the future. This means that when the student becomes an arahant, the attachment has been excluded will never come back again.

Master monk also said the reason was to eradicate craving no longer arise in the future.

Yogis know that by achieving spirituality, spirituality reasons, these afflictions were excluded will never come back again. Thanks to achieve spirituality, craving is completely eradicated. This occurs when the student has attained the Arhat. So, when there is craving yogis, yogis will know why craving arises. Yogis know why craving disappears and yogis also learned why craving was excluded in the moment or temporary exclusion.
What to do when the craving arises? You go get this craving subject of meditation. You stay on the craving. You recorded this craving. Only by acknowledging alone, craving will disappear. Explanatory Notes to the six-way yogis help eliminate craving. Students may apply six this way when a student does not practice Vipassana:

1. Students can use the title "body pollution", observes the dead or can recite thirty two degenerations. Yogis learn and practice this meditation kind of nice, you can eliminate the craving.
2. Students can "practice foul things until the student reached the floor meditating." When students arrive at the floor meditating, yogis can get rid of the craving.
3.Thien students can "tame the senses". Yogi means to tame the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body, mind, to no one evil thoughts that may arise through the six gates.
4.Thien born "in the character of real savings." Moderation in the real object will help yogis eradicate craving. When you eat too much you will have many sexual craving. You'll also have more desire for food anymore. Therefore, students are advised to eat enough. And about four years will no longer handful, yogis stop what not to eat. Many Asian origin often eaten by hand monk. A pinch of food hand called a handful, instead of eating another four years handful more, yogis will drink to that target. This means do not drive while eating monk bloating which to place the water. Eat until it has enough comfort to religious monk reached Nirvana.
5.Thien students need to have a "good friend". True good friend who went with me on the path to enlightenment. Westerners call it "spiritual friend". Having good friends is very necessary, because good friends can encourage our counsel, we can learn from you and get you a sample of their work to follow. Therefore, a good friend, no craving, helps eliminate craving yogis.6. Students must "have the right words." Want to remove craving, yogis should mention the pollution of the body, so it comes to the evil consequences of craving ...

2. Anger
Hatred here means petulant, angry, also means that the fear anxiety, reactive and impatient.

When anger is present, he monk said, "there is hatred in me." When anger is absent, the master monk said "anger in my absence."

There are two kinds of thinking. When not thinking clearly, you will have anger. When thinking wise you will not have hatred. In meditation, anger often arises where yogis. Students may anger or hatred to yourself with others. Such as noise caused one student can not concentrate the mind is the student soon will be insecurity or anger. Sometimes anger or ill will emerge because you think of someone you've wrangled before, and you feel angry person. Therefore, whenever emotions arise, students have been aware of the presence of this anger and noted: We are the only recognized anger or "anger, anger, anger" . When malice arise, you noted: "malice, malevolence, malice" . You can recognize the sometimes hate or fear by noting: "fear, fear, fear" . Because you are recognized anger and casting three or four times so anger disappeared. When anger is gone, you must be aware of the disappearance of this and acknowledged: no longer have anger anymore ...

Bhikkhus also know why this anger arises not been born.

Be thinking wisely: "All things are impermanent. The object of this anger is impermanent". When yogis understand and reflect wisely on the impermanence of the objects of hatred this will no longer yogis anger them. But when yogis thought unwise, the student will be the dominant object. Therefore, in your meditation, you should note: "I have anger because it was thought unwise, wrong attitude towards things, have the wrong perspective on things." When you are aware that you are aware that is the cause of hatred.

Bhikkhus also know why the student anger has been excluded.

When you have noted the anger and this anger is at the same time you also observe its disappearance. When anger disappears you are aware of the disappearance of anger. You know that anger disappeared thanks you recorded it. Similarly, when you thinking wisely, especially the kindness meditation ( mettaa ), then anger disappeared. Thus, insights into the cause to eradicate hatred.
Also Vipassana, also had six practices to eliminate hatred:

1. Tap "kindness meditation" or recite from the heart, a loving heart that is spacious, friendly to all beings.
2. "Practice kindness meditation until achieving the floor meditating", when yogis achieve the Zen floor, yogis can eliminate anger.
3. Think: "Karma is our fortune." Think about now is our heritage is a very important reflection for many reasons. When you are angry, you could say: "I'm angry who?". You are born on this earth as a result of past now. You will also regenerate the latter depending on the career you have accumulated in the present. Thus beings are born and die depending on their career. Because according to her career that beings born or die, so you have no reason to be angry person. Angry person who is like a red-hot iron ball holding to throw the others; the angry people will suffer before making others suffer. So, student to reflect on his own career to take responsibility. Our Life sorted according to our karma created.
4. Take a "reflection on the good, the benefits of compassion ( mettaa ) and the evil dangers of anger". Means trying to see the benefits that has brought compassion and the disadvantage caused by anger. Nice reflection on the benefits of kindness and evil dangers of anger will help yogis eliminate hatred, anger, malice.
5. "Have you healed" (kalyaa.na Mitta ). Good friends always help us eliminate unwholesome thoughts, here are the thoughts eliminate anger. A person filled with compassion can affect others that they also like his compassion. Therefore, when close to a friend or with a full compassion, we can eliminate your anger. We can get good friends as models for their form to follow.
6. "Say appropriate". As it comes to compassion, comes to the benefits brought by the kindness and the harm caused by anger. Appropriate words will help eliminate hatred.
Bhikkhus also know why the student anger has been eliminated, monk also learned why the anger has been excluded no longer arise in the future.

And on a related time students arrive at Tam Dao. When students arrive at the third floor of St. anger will be eliminated in full.
3. were chasing sleepy
"Were chasing sleepy", or simply call a sleepy student can come any time. All of us were chasing sleepy spent in meditation.

When skin under present sleepy monk said, "there was already below in our sleepy", or absent were chasing sleepy monk said "sleepy skin under my absent".

When the student feels sleepy, the student must be alert and recognize the sleepy this. Usually just noted, the sleepiness disappears. When sleepiness disappears, the meditator must also be aware of the disappearance of this: "no skin under and in my sleepy, sleepy skin under and disappeared".

Bhikkhus also known causes of skin under arises unborn sleepy start.

Here again the unwise reflection on the state of boredom, laziness, sluggishness and stagnation of the mind is the cause of skin under sleepy. "Reflecting unwise" mean think depressed, dull, lazy, dilatory ... do not bring harm anything. Yogis have lucid reflection and the right attitude for the diligent can eliminate sleepiness were chasing. Therefore, when you sleep you have to do two things, first is the recognition of your sleep: "sleepy, sleepy, sleepy" . Next is stepping up effort or focus on the subject of meditation. Due diligence has sacked sleepiness can be excluded. When skin under the sleepy, have been eliminated or absent, yogis know that the skin under the drowsiness was excluded or absent.

Bhikkhus also were chasing the reason of not being run this sleepy arise. Bhikkhus also know the reasons were chasing eliminate sleepiness was born, and also learned bhikkhus were chasing sleepy reason was to eliminate will not arise in the future.

Were chasing sleepy been eliminated in full when attained Arhat. Only when attained Arhat, completely new student exclusion were chasing sleepy. Yogis are aware that skin under the sleepy, have been eliminated because the student has actually achieved this last Scripture stories.
Sleepiness were chasing two wire ties, two different mental states, but only after being an obstacle because they have the same abilities, the same cause and the same antagonism. And somnolence were chasing the same function as "lazy", with the same causes as "the dull, lazy", with the same antagonism is "diligent".
There are six ways to temporarily eliminate sleepiness were chasing:

1. "Seeing the cause of skin under drowsiness is caused by eating too full". That means you have to know that when you eat it too will feel sleepy. When the stomach is full of food, it will need more blood to the brain blood volume taken up running right into the stomach so that you feel dizzy and drowsy. Knowing this you will be sober in the eating, and therefore you can eliminate sleepiness were chasing.
2. "Change position". If you feel drowsy while you can change your sitting posture. You can get up and meditate while standing or you can go to and fro. Thus, by changing positions you can eliminate sleepiness were chasing.
3. "Think light". You can try to see the light in your heart, sun, moon light, the light of the stars or the light of electric lamps ... Thinking to light will help you eliminate that sad sleep. You just close your eyes and try to think of light or try to think of something bright. This way you can eliminate sleepiness were chasing.
4. "In the open space." You can feel sleepy when you are indoors, but when you go out sitting under a tree or sitting in one place, the broad bare skin under sleepiness will disappear.
5. "There is a good friend." A friend who does not like you did not sleep much or sleepy. When you are close to a diligent, not sleepy dominant were chasing, you can remove the skin under sleepy.
6. "Say appropriate." You notice the loss of sleep and the benefits brought by alertness.

In business you can find many tips related to sleepiness. Venerable Moggallana, one of the two chief disciples of the Buddha, before attained Arhat, while meditation is often sleepy. Venerable Moggallana collapsed just broke up forever, can not keep your mind on the meditation subject. Buddha learned this he taught Venerable Moggallana were chasing conquering sleepy. The teachings of the Buddha are recorded in Anguttara Kinh (A "ngutara Nikaaya):
Buddha asked:
- "Moggallana, he was down, right?"
Moggallana replied:
- "Well I'm sleepy."
The Buddha then said:
- "Yes, this Maudgalyayana when sleepy thoughts come to him, he should not bother about them. Thus, the sleepiness will disappear".
So when you think of something that causes drowsiness, then you get out of those ideas. This is the first advice.
The second advice:
- "If you have done so that sleepiness is not going away, they must think about the teachings that he had ever heard and ever learned. I have to focus on these teachings consider them thoroughly. This means that he must think of the teachings and the teachings he learned he had heard, develop virtues inquiry, learning and thinking deeply about dharma. in doing so, the drowsiness may vanish. Once intently reflection teachings, teachings consider carefully in mind, then he will awake again and can get rid of the skin under the sleepy. [12]
Then the Buddha taught again next year way, can be summarized as follows:
- If you did so, but still seemed to sleepy, they must use a third way is "up to each detail of the teachings that he had heard and learned." Which means you have to recite the teachings of Buddha. Once you've memorized something, you have to recite it again. Thanks to recite what you've learned, you can get rid of the skin under the sleepy.
- If you did so, but still not all sleepy, you have to use the fourth way "ear pull" and "rub hands and feet" to awake again. Doing so will eliminate sleepiness.
- If you have done so that the sleepiness is not going away, they must resort to a fifth is "Arise, go eyewash". You should look in all directions after eyewash. By doing so, the drowsiness may disappear.
- If you have done so that the sleepiness is not going away, they must use a sixth was "focused on the light", created in the mind an idea of ​​daylight. Whether you are meditating during the day or night you also have to imagine that they are meditating day and think about light. By doing this you can drive out the skin under sleepy.
- If you have done so that the sleepiness is not going away, they must use a Saturday is "pacing". With the mind inward not outward, you pacing. So when sleepy, get up walking. While pacing let mindfulness recorded steps and stages of the walk. By pacing and sense of pacing, you can drive out the skin under sleepy.
- If you have done so that the sleepiness is not going away, you can lie down like a lion lying, that is lying on the right, this foot placed on the other foot, clearly knew what he was doing and think about when you wake up later: "I will wake up at this hour in the morning hours of the other." So when you want to wake up in the morning without an alarm clock, you can make a decision before going to bed: "I will wake up in the morning". When you have something important to do in the morning, you will wake up on time. You wake up on time because your mind has decided that you will get up at that time. "Keep in mind waking thoughts" means decisions wake up in a certain time. When you wake up, you have to sit up straight. By the time you hear the alarm and wake up to himself: "I do not try to add or to be lying asleep ideological appeal," he said. By doing this you will avoid skin under sleepy.These are seven methods against the skin under sleepy. Maybe one of seven on the appropriate way to you, keep you awake again.
4. Real Security and remorse
Insecurity is incapable Center is located on the object. Insecurity hours Paa.li is Uddhacca , means "shaken above", the mind is not on the objects that are suspended above the audience. Remorse means feel guilty about something bad or wrong he had done, and what they do not do well. Cause arising regret was "not wise to reflect on the fluctuations of the mind", as thought: "Mind this agitation such harm to us all ...".
Want to eliminate reflection regret wisely about the purity of the mind. When you have a lucid reflection on the quiet peace of mind, you can eliminate the insecurities and regrets. Therefore, when you have insecurities and regrets, you must know that insecurity and remorse are present. When restlessness and remorse disappears, you know that insecurity and remorse were absent. This means that you take this insecurity as subjects of meditation and noted "unsafe, insecure, insecurity" . Or when you have just recorded regret "regret, remorse, regret" . If you are diligent, mindfulness recorded several times, the insecurity and remorse will disappear. When they were gone, then be aware of their disappearance and noted: "disappear, disappear, disappear" . Regret will be completely eliminated when you attain the holy Tuesday, and insecurity will be completely eliminated when you attain the holy fourth. Once attained Tuesday holy yogis will sense the complete disappearance of remorse. When Wednesday attained holy yogis conscious the complete disappearance of insecurity.
Restlessness and remorse are two wire ties, two different mental states, but only after being an obstacle because they have the same abilities, the same cause and the same antagonism. Restlessness and remorse have the same function as "no peace", have the same cause is thinking of this and that and think about your loved ones, with the same antagonism that the serenity. When the mind is restless and regret, you are no longer agitated and calm again. When you think, think, reminisce to relatives or to think of this and that, then your mind is agitated, restless. When thinking of the mistakes you've made in the past or what you have not done well you will feel remorse.
Notation has scored six eliminating insecurity and remorse:

1. "Achieving the ability of understanding the profound teachings of the Buddha". Students should try to learn to have a profound knowledge of Buddhism.
2. "Learn what to do and what not to do". When doing something wrong you will feel remorse or regret. Want to avoid doing the wrong thing you have to understand what to do and are allowed to do and what not to do and not allowed to do. As a monk, he would know what to do and what to avoid. Knowing what to do and what to avoid will help a student does not do the wrong thing. When not doing the wrong thing will not be tormented remorse.
3. "Understanding the rules". Understanding the rules is the duty of the master monk. Clearly and fully understand the precepts of the master monk monks will not do anything wrong. Therefore, he will not be insecure or remorse dominant.
4. "Inner experienced people and older people" to learn ethics, such as the rule.
5. "Have you heal." Good friend can help eliminate uncertainty and regret.6. "Say appropriate". Speaking to the disadvantage of insecurity, regret and benefits of purity dignified.

5. Doubt

When doubts are present, he said monk present in our cynical, skeptical when absent, he knows skepticism monk in our absence .

Cynical, probably skeptical about the Buddha, Dharma and Sangha, the meditation and meditation subject. All the things that are the object of suspicion. Cause doubts arise as reflections of things wrong. Cause exclude skeptical that there is a clear reflection of things right. Properly reflect the good and bring joy. Reflecting mistakes that arise doubts about the Buddha, Dharma and Sangha. Upon proper reflection you will have no doubts this. When there is doubt arise in the mind, be aware and noted: "skepticism, cynicism, skepticism". Noting about three to four times, doubts will disappear. When skepticism disappeared, have noted the disappearance of them by noting: "gone, gone, gone". When you reach the first ever holy, yogis will eliminate all doubts and yogis know that he has eliminated all doubts. According to the commentary has six outer skeptical eliminating the practice of Vipassana.

1. "Understanding the teachings of the Buddha". Try to become a thorough understanding of the teachings of the Buddha. When understand the teachings, then we will not have any questions, doubts.
2. "Learn Yin Buddha, Dharma and Sangha." Ask questions about Jewels arise when there is doubt. Westerners often put a lot of questions. Ask a lot of questions as well as help the wisdom born and skepticism evaporated.
3. "Understanding the rules". This is for the monk. When teachers understand monk precepts know what to do and what not to do, so that will not be the dominant skepticism.
4. "conviction Jewels truth". Means developing the faith by understanding the Buddha, Dharma and Sangha.
5. "Have you heal." Good friends with pure faith in the Three Jewels will help you terminate skeptical.
6. "appropriate words". As it comes to the disadvantage of skepticism and the benefits of the removal of doubts.

When you meditate, that skepticism harassed, put on skepticism as subjects of meditation, noted: "skeptical, cynical, skeptical" ; especially when you doubt the effectiveness of this meditation must diligently recorded every skeptic arise. So when skeptics to take cynical as subjects of meditation and reciting: "skeptical, cynical, skeptical" until doubts disappeared.
We have many obstacles? One, two, three, four, five, six, seven. All of them are not. In general, we speak to five or seven obstacles. In fact, there are many obstacles, but not classic called obstacles. Some of the thoughts, such as restlessness. Restlessness or expectations when you do not mind, the mind is focused. Not rated wandering into obstacles, but also an obstacle distraction because it interferes with mental concentration. Restlessness or expectations although not called mind are the obstacles, but they must be mindful presence by noting: "wandering, wandering, wandering".
After eliminating obstacles in this, for temporary oil, the more interest you will. And with the attention, and you can understand the essence of the smooth body and mind. When yogis observe their obstacles this is called "inner observation", and when the student suddenly think of the obstacles of others: "The obstacles we are very often obstacles other people also do, "then called" external observation ". Sometimes yogis observe their obstacles and hindrances to relate to other people, so access to it is called "observe internal and external observation." When yogis conscious and clear obstacles to their nature, the student will realize that there is nothing to hold or cling.

Do not cling to anything in the world formed by the five aggregates.

That's how yogis observe the legal measures over five hurdles.END=NAM MO SAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY=THICH CHAN TANH.THE MIND OF ENLIGHTENMENT.WORLD VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST ORDER=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=GOLDEN LOTUS MONASTERY=AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.29/2/2016.MHDT.