Reviews About Use Value
There are many different historical record of the date, month and year related to the historical events Buddha. Buddhist scholars and Buddhist researchers noted several reasons for such discrepancies. For example, Liang Qichao in "Ten bowl Buddhist Studies disasters," said: "Because the Indians despised history, besides, their concept of time is very vague, so the language textbook for India dating back to the Buddha's birth and death are not a copy of any clear and verifiable "(1). In this regard, not exactly Indians have no clear conception of time, or no clear historical conception. History shows that the Indians have the earliest historical notions, especially in Buddhism. We can see many historical past Nikayas years and four A-levels (Agamas), through the inscriptions of Ashoka (Asoka), in prejudice Law, Pi-she-sa, A-Pi-Dat ma etc. ..
The writer thinks that the difference in the history of Buddha dating back may be due to the following simple reason:
- Calendar of various ancient nations, and the recording schedule was different from the Western calendar that the world today are taking, it is different from the Chinese lunar calendar.
- The Buddha in the world, including the period of the first compiler, the priest shortage recording conditions, just reciting. When reciting, the disciples are often remembered doctrinal content of liberation that hard to remember right now, the month of historical events, or do not pay attention to record the date, month ... It is also possible that the use data recorded properly the day, month history, but undergoing changes, wars, etc .. lineage century historians such data is lost, or the wrong notes.
- Is the dispute by the influence of other schools of the day, month and year of birth of the gods or of ideology otherwise be corrected, such as competition cases affecting Buddhism and Taoism, Confucianism in China Flower.
- There may also be due to the pagan false documents fraudulently to document the history of Buddhism in order to serve foreign gia'o intentions.
- It may be due to social reasons, the politics of the era, the material to be recorded askew, or recorded by the subjective and limited edition of the textbook.
- Data can also be recorded and be governed by the concept of sectarianism.
Through a number of reasons just mentioned, we are not too concerned with the accuracy of some of the historical events and the date of Buddha's history. The most remarkable thing is that most of the historical information, including inscriptions of Ashoka, have confirmed the Buddha is a historical figure, not a mythological character, though, seen in the eyes of North or South visceral organs.
Here, people write history based Buddha Sutras Nikaya, canonic A-levels (Agama), inscriptions of Ashoka and documents of congresses World Buddhist Association meeting II in Tokyo 1952, with further reference materials of Edward J. Thomas Buddhism (author of "the life of Buddha", "Buddhist Thought", "Early Budhist Scriptures") and taiken Kimura (author of "Calendar thought use Theravada, Mahayana and Theravada ").
Bodhisattva Before You Enter Thai
South and North visceral organs different view of the Buddha, Venerable Mass of sets and different view of him as well.
North organ that has become a Buddha Buddha long, kiepy nà just manifested. Male organ argue that this life is the life of Bhagavan finally become a Buddha; previous life, he is the Bodhisattva in Heaven and-power (Tusita) - heaven heaven fourth of six World Education (Four Heavenly Kings, Three decades triangle, Da-ma, Where interest. It turns optimistic and alienation Baccalaureate). This realm has four thousand lifespan, equivalent to five hundred and seventy-six million years of man on earth (according Sutra, Digha III of France Friendship Hi Friends monk, Central III; monk Friends French, Chinese A-levels, some 32 college I, 469c; and business Class, Sub-Department of).
North organ conception is similar to religious views of the majority of other religions, tend surreal, your sanctification cardinal.
Theravada Buddha then look more realistic way, that goes with the historical facts. But both South and North organ, confirmed: before the Buddha, Bhagavan called a Bodhisattva in the Top-rate.
Ninety-one lifetime ago (1 life "kappa, kalpa": by the life of the world, with a day and night of Brahma heaven, by four thousand three hundred and twenty million years in Earth: according Sanskrit Glossary of Amarasimhakosa), Exalted Ti`-she-examination (Vipassi) was born. Thirty-one lives this way, Bhagavan Thi-air (Sikhi), Pi-amnesty-line (Vessasbhu), sentence-flow-sheet (Kakusandha), sentence-na-function (Konagamana) and Ca-lettuce Venerable (Kassapa ) was born. (As a rule of Taꮧ Area Huu Dai Bon and France, as both cited above).
Where-interest, Bhagavan always dwell in mindfulness-awareness. One time, a number of Top-rate gods and gods in the realm of Lust, "the gods have previously been Exalted Pi-she-edification competition - for Bodhisattva narrated about the events cardholders Sun previously has launched and asked Bodhisattva ceiling down to sentient beings. " Now is the time of the Buddha.
- Bodhisattva In Thai Mother
- (As a rule of Hi Friends The Friends Fa Tsang; The Huu Tang France ...)
When the end of life in the Top-rate, mindfulness-awareness bodhisattva enters pregnant mother, Empress Ma-da (Mayadevi) in the capital city of Ca-Pi-la-defense (Kapilavatthu, Skt. Kapilavastu).
Then a magical halo, halo won Devas far, winning away sunlight, illuminating wanders, over to the dark places where sunlight can not shine through, ten thousand world vibrations , strong shocks in the pregnant mother bodhisattva like diamonds in the light box, electronic four guarding the four corners Thien heaven, do not let other species or species of person who offends the fetus and Queen.
During pregnancy, the mother enjoys the full year merit Education (color, sound, smell, taste, touch) and fetal obvious as obvious jewel in the palm of the hand, full of body parts , flawless. The gestation period is ten months. During this time, mothers usually happy heart, do not start up with any sexual attention of the opposite sex does.
- The birth date
- (According Sutra; The French Organic Taꮧ ...)
According to Buddhist legend, the mother of standing Bodhisattva is born. Empress Ma-da Prince birth place of veteran Radio-Pros flower, while playing in the royal garden flowers Lumbini (Lumbini). When out of the womb, Prince majesty as a Sorcerer walking down the French court, bright as a ruby, pure, non-stick dirt from a mother's heart, feet not touching the ground prince, there Thien four freedoms (and then moved to the human hand), placed before the Queen and the Prince said: "the queen just happy. the queen has given birth to a great man." From nowhere with a stream of warm water and a cool water bath for the Prince and Queen. Prince foot stand, facing north, to walk seven steps (this is the traditional seven steps of the Buddha), with white parasols shading, looking all directions, then spoke quietly said, sounding like birds Ca-steering-frequency-old (live at Hi-code), just like the sound of Taurus bass hero king, saying, "I am the ultimate level in life. I am the ranks Revere in life. Now the last life, not also born again ".
Northern tradition of organ and A-levels (Beijing University Japan Coast) said that the Prince was born from the right hand side of the Queen, walking or steps, hand to heaven, earth hand, saying "heaven and My land is more than just ".
Then, a magical aura ... around ten thousand world premiere, the world will reverberate, vibrate.
World Buddhist Congress II meeting in Tokyo period (Japan), 1952, recorded the birth of Buddha is the full moon day of the month Vesaskha India, in 624 BC. The date of this year based on the tradition of Buddhism in Sri Lanka. Accordingly, from the Buddhist calendar years Buddha attained Nirvana, in 544 BC.
According to Edward J. Thomas in "The Life of Buddha as Legend and History", published in London in 1956, then the birth in 563 BC. This calculation is based on the inscriptions of the reign of the king of Ma-out-momentum, Ashoka and Chandagupta, relate to historical facts of the Buddha.
According to the Liang Qichao, in episode "Ten bowl Buddhist Studies disasters", cites the word "prejudice Law", the Buddha attained Nirvana in the 35th dynasty King Kinh Chau, or years to life Ai Cong hole No. 7 countries, ie 485 years BC; instant after Buddha attained Nirvana, venerable Pros-three-cup (Upali) compiler Vinaya, setting the bias law. Each year, on the suicide, the law was offering incense offerings and burn on the back of a point (dot). This Code is continuous lineage. His Sangha-da-la-baht (Sanghabhadra) brought into the Law to China Qi birth, 489 years of Western history and literature translated into Chinese at Truc Lam Pagoda, Guangzhou. He committed suicide five days to record the first point 967 (Based on years ago to determine the Buddha entering Nirvana).
- Than Prince
- (According to the General Duty; Business Class - Sutta Nipatta; inscriptions of Ashoka; and Edward J. Thomas document).
Prince named Siddhartha (Siddhata, Skt. Siddhar-tha), the father is the King (Suddhodana) and mother is Queen Ma-da (Maya), the Sakya lineage (Sakya, Skt. Sakya) , Sat-insole-class interests (Khattya, Skt. Kastriya), in the capital Ca-Pi-la-defense (Kapilavatthu, Skt. Kapilavastu) of Nepal Therai Northeast India.
Prince Di Ma pattern-ha-ba-ba-problem-bar (Mahapajapati) siblings of Empress Ma-da, the daughter of King Anjana, Koliya family.
Seven days after the birth, Ma-da queen of Heaven and waterfall birth-rate. Ms. Ma-ha-ba-ba-recommended bar-Prince nurture future successor to the King.
- Mao's minister Prince
- (Beijing University Bon, Business Class, Sub-Department of Economics).
Immediately after the birth, the King summoned Brahmin minister to see the Prince. The Brahmin said to him: "Prince has full thirty-two general good, is a great man. Who has the full thirty-two general you will be a cakkavatti if living at home, would be a Arhat, if ordained Enlightenment ". A separate Magi-private-momentum (ASITA) practitioner at Mount Hi-code, which had been obedient Devas Three decades triangle discussed Prince that he will be Career Enlightenment, asserts said "Prince ordained definitely, definitely will become a Buddha and turn the wheel. "
Thirty-two of Prince minister quarter include:
1. The soles of feet flat.
2. Slim heel.
3. Fingers, toes elongated.
4. Arms, legs soft.
4. Leather leg mesh screen.
6. Round ankle as scallops.
7. Leg shin as mountain goats.
8. Sleeved knee-length.
9. Museum Gen. sound code.
10. Skin smooth, sticky dust can not.
11. Each pore has a hair growing.
12. Color such as copper, gold color.
13. Ingrown hairs spin to the right, such as topical dark blue eyes.
14. Higher body straight.
15. Round seven seats deported.
16. His half body of a lion before.
17. No concave alternates between the two roles.
18. Body balance as tropical almond tree (Nigrodha), body height by the length of two outstretched arm.
19. Round square torso.
20. Very sharp taste.
21. Lion's jaw.
22. There are forty teeth.
23. Teeth with no openings.
24. Smooth teeth.
25. Regular teeth.
26. Wide and long tongue.
27. Quiet voice as the sound of birds Ca-steering-frequency-old
28. Dark blue eyes.
29. Eyelashes like a cow.
30. There is a fine white hairs between the brows.
31. Two soles have two wheels with a toothpick thousand vehicles.
32. There protuberance on the head.
Some other documents also mention additional eighty beauty lady.
- Life And Education Of Prince
- (According to the Beijing University Bon, Truong Nikaya III; Scripture Bridge, Central Economics I; Great Canal Saccaka, Central Business I; Nidanakattha, Elementary ministry; Kinh La-ma, A-levels; General I 775C).
Childhood, Prince is the King and Di sample pamper, care and education flawless, is people love because. The Dr. Pi-sa list-density multi-la (Visvamistra) taught Prince of documents; San-threads-threads-grandmother (Ksantidiva) taught martial arts since age seven. Soon after Prince martial adept writer.
In addition to outstanding talent, Prince is the master and the people you love glasses of virtue and people.
In a ceremony down the field (down filled), chaired by the king, amid the ladies engrossed watching the ceremony, Prince, then was little, I sit cross-legged under a tree Gioi (Rose-apple) and stock Private enter meditation. When his father saw the shadow again thoughtful, serene air of Prince filled religion, was surprised exclaimed: "Oh, dear me! This is the second time father bows to you" (first time on Dan at birth).
Growing up, Prince All-reaching radar always looked contemplative life. King was worried, for construction of three buildings with three climatic seasons, and passed to the Crown Prince at the age of sensual fullness year. But earthly happiness does not get relief from export concerns that, Prince was a day closer to the decision to become. The king married Princess rush neighbors Yasodharā (Yasodhara), a stunningly sharp pages, for Prince flavor hoping she would love Prince leg.
There are four times out of the gate, walk more garden, witnessed the birth scene, aging, illness, death, heart prince became melancholy, ranging to the extreme.
One day, talking to a glass of Taoist sexual life, the prince saw glimpse behind this serene type a path to liberation.
Now, Prince has twenty-nine years old, she Yasodharā recently pregnant (with records at the time she was born Rahula). Prince was determined to abandon the gold supply to the green forest to find religion.
- Way from the Prince's Operation
- (According to the Bible Bridge, Central Economics I; Great Canal Saccaka; Kinh La-Ma; University I. 775C; Beijing Leo Hong, General I, Central I; Business Dry Warm, A-levels, General I. 584- C; inscriptions of Ashoka; and document Kimura taiken).
Visible impermanence and suffering are down around the lives pavilion, February full moon lunar night, the prince on horseback Kien-monitoring (Kanthaka) along with loyal servant Xa-anonymously (Chandaka) reached into the imperial city Hy-code to leave behind the life of love and kingship.
At the foot of Mount Snow, Prince again anonymously leave Far-loving and cherishing Kien-monitoring (Use copy, later Kien-monitoring stop eating and die). His front is green forest, behind him is the birth and death.
Prince looking to learn from Adar-la-Aging Multi-na (Alara Kalama), a hermit who realized the Infinite parish property. Soon, he realized what Alara attained. Knowing that this is not the purpose of liberation, he retired from Alara to learn from Pros-da-la-ma Tu Aging (Uddaka Ramaputta), the Taoist Africa attained the ideal non-perception. In just a short time, he realized what Uddaka attained. Knew that this is still in the cycle of birth and death, he left to go, no one to attend religion anymore. He along with five brothers venerable Kieu-ceiling-like (Kodanna) ascetic six years. He became ascetic hermit Junior, Junior UE desk, Junior cup overalls, solitude and meditation Junior. Until the body is only skin and bones, he realized that this is a mistaken path Lane; Then alone a ball away.
During austerity, there are three special thought previously unmatched arise in his mind.
- As with a piece of green, sappy, so domestically, it will not pinch on fire. Also, with his heart filled with desire, craving, the age will not attained Enlightenment.
- As the track was green, fished out of the water after, will not pinch on fire. Also, with hearts full of greed, brain temperature, the age will not go to the Supreme realization Dee Bo?
- As with the dry stick, is taken out of the water, and to dry land on a site, with furniture made of fire, one can pinch on fire. Also, with sexual renunciation loving heart, craving, practitioners can attain the Arhat. Enlightenment (2).
He began to put all the effort into the practice of meditation, using the mind to tame the mind. Excessive cultivation efforts, his body and his mind was painful vibrations. He held his breath to set the longest time can be held, much less heard painful insecurity. More breathless effort again, he still does not see the light of liberation. Suddenly, in a moment, he remembered the experience of meditation on holiday Down Admin field, his heart filled with joy, he believes this is the right enlightenment input.
He went to the Ma-out-momentum (Magadha) Pros-term convergence-frequency touch-speakers (Uruvela), which offers a beautiful clump of forest, rivers with clear, nearly running smoothly, there is very thirsty villages real. He stopped and chose this as the final ethical base.
His mindfulness, mindfulness meditation, and sexual ly sharp turn to the Quartet, afferent to Sanming, He clearly causal, cleverly positive volition, knowing that:
Due to this presence, that thing exists;
therefore this birth, the other being;
therefore commit ignorance, by operating with knowledge etc ..
He sees the causes of suffering: it is the start of the set is the set of conditions Twelve originator of the entire mass of ill. In this intensive one, he proved par Additional information (Additional par league) clearly immeasurable his past lives (the Self).
To watch the two, he proved Thien label information (intelligence Thien label), evident countless past lives of beings, with industrial workers and effect, and obvious career path of beings life.
Through the third watch, he volition reverse Origination:
Because this is not available, the other one can not;
therefore this one kill, kill the other;
therefore ignorance should kill kill etc .. act
His lifelike see suffering, cause of suffering, the cessation of suffering and the path leading to an end to suffering. In this soup, he proved to take informed Gonorrhea (gonorrhea take intelligent), know that here the last life, no longer reborn - At the top of a soup, as in meditation is optimistic when he saw God's ear ultimately informed , Tha sufficient information clearinghouse and Spirit. Thus in the third watch, he proved enough Clerk informed.
To crop year, he volition forward and reverse directions. Origination, found that:
Due to this there is, the other has;
therefore this birth, the other being;
therefore this is not available, the other one can not;
therefore this one kill, kill the other.
Day star arise in time, he attained Supreme Enlightenment. He is the Arhat Enlightenment is the first in life. Later, he was proclaimed canopy is Exalted, full ten titles: Tathagata, Arhat, Right Turn Tri, Minh Hanh sufficiency, Auspicious, the World League, Supreme Master Article fisheries Phu, Thien Sphinx, Buddha, the Exalted.
Church Path Chemistry
Wonder if the Buddha taught the way: The doctrine of liberation, the delicate, intimate, sexual ly, selflessness, runs counter to the desires and practices reflect human ego, how can people accept recognize that philosophy?
During that time, Brahma Sahampati Bhagavan appeared messianic appeal, turning the wheel of happiness for gods and men. Then picture lotus pond in front, with the lotus stalks themselves out of the water, with the stalks halfway, there are stems in water so deep .. Bhagavan inspired in radical disagreement image of man: there are less frugal as the lotus in the lake bed, the average radical as the lotus in the middle of water, also has good roots can absorb the teachings of his deliverance, as the lotus was extruded out of the water to absorb sunlight. Bhagavan immediately decided to leave France transport wheels.
He used observe Property label who is predestined to be the first. He thought of two former teachers, Alara and Uddaka. Two people who reincarnate. Then he thought of the five men who ascetic, that they are residing in the Deer Park (Deer Park), in Banares (Baranasi). He immediately walked to it. Here, the first sermon preached the word to be called "Turning of the Wheel". After listening, venerable Kieu-ceiling-like (Kodanna) attained Tu-momentum-complete. Exalted acquired in venerable as the first disciples.
The first time, formed the Three Jewels, the beginning of the Buddhist Church.
Exalted preached to Anatta, that the five aggregates are impermanent, if anyone craving escape, they will be out of rebirth, be liberated. Five Venerable: Kieu-ceiling-like (Kodanna) Ba-Phase (Vappa), Ba-threads (Bhaddhiya), Ma-ha-nam (Mahanama) and Theory of Market (Assaji) respectively attained Arhat.
Exalted to the Da-amnesty (Yasa) in Benares with four others, all of which attained Arhat. So, in Benares, the Church made up of ten an Arhat (including Exalted).
After ten your teaching Arhat per're first on a grass roots level for promoting morality, Bhagavan continued long-Skip Pros-frequency-speakers (Uruvela) sermon of three brothers Ca-lettuce (Kassapa) and nearly a third of thousands of his disciples. Here, King Bimbisara (Bimbisara) Exalted audience. After hearing the lecture Exalted, the king understands the legal, Bhagavan immediately invite the same thousand Arhat meal, then offered Bhagavan and Truc Lam monastery monks (Veluvana), a campus large near Rajgir. Now is the Vesakha months, between April and May of the calendar year, the summer retreat season. The Church of the Blessed One's first rainy season retreat here . The next two months Vassa, the Exalted and the monks residing in Rajgir. It was during this time, an ascetic hermit has nearly five hundred disciples, including the Venerable Sariputta (Sariputta) and Section-Kien-Contact (Mahamoggallana), the chemical is Bhagavan. From there, usually have a thousand two hundred and fifty monks accompanied Bhagavan.
The venerable Sariputta and venture capital Section-devout-two cronies. On the way to find the path of liberation, before meeting Bhagavan, venerable Sariputta attained Tu-momentum-complete results when first heard venerable theory says marketing professor summary is causal. Then, before the Blessed One, two venerable have attained Arhat.
The venerable Sariputta is the most intellectual level of the Church, Venerable Section-devout-venture is the One First Kabbalah. Due to this reason, Bhagavan chose Venerable Sariputta as the firstborn, the Dharma Army General rank and select the venerable Moggallana Monday disciples. From there, the two venerable often behalf Exalted to guide Sangha. This is a time marked by the thriving Buddhist Church under the leadership of the Blessed One.
Between the winter of that year, Bhagavan returned Ma-out-momentum, The King or news, immediately sent an angel and delegation invited a thousand people to visit imperial Bhagavan. Both delegations were ordained. The king sent a delegation of a thousand other people invited. All are ordained again, not returning tide. The third time the king appointed Ka-da-di-note (Kaludayi), sons of lords, as you age youth of Prince All-reaching radar, Ka-da-di-up also ordained. All two thousand of the two envoys and Ka-da-di-saving are attained Arhat. Soon, Ka-da-di-white save up Bhagavan's request the King. Bhagavan accepted, then the one thousand two hundred and fifty monks to goods of the Royal House.
Then Nan-momentum (Nanda), brother of Bhagavan, and Rāhula (Rahula) son of Bhagavan are ordained. King was elected Tu-momentum-function, portable form Ma-ha-ba-ba-recommended confinement Tu-momentum-completed acquisition (the latter with her cell samples Yasodharā ordained and attained A-la -hate); the King in a prime location and Arhat god at discharge report, in accordance with Buddhist tradition-momentum recorded in the Maha Bon. Ba-topic princes (Bhaddiya), A-recruiter-term-momentum (Anuruddha), Ananda (Ananda), Ba-old (Bhagu), Silver-question-la (Kimbila), offer-she-Dat multi (Devadatta) and barber's princes, Pros-three-cup (Upali), would also ordained. She started from scratch attained instant-Sanming, A-recruiter-term-momentum attained God and Tuc brands par intelligence, Ananda attained Tu-momentum-complete. Pros-three-cup later attained Arhat, Devadatta obtained Charity gender identity.
Continue the journey uncultivated, Bhagavan to Xa-defense (Savatthi) the layman Anathapindika (Anathapindika), getting the garden and Vihara States Complete (Jetavana) offered by this layman and laywoman degrees Loc form (Visakha). Two people lay this very powerful protector, daily to persistently prodding and lo quarterfinals Buddha offerings (robes, food, medicine and couch) for monks.
The fifth year after the director Bhagavan, Ms. Ma-three-bar-ba-started Bhagavan accepted, through solicitation request of Venerable Ananda, the conditions attached ordained "irreverent French ". the Church was born from this Ni .
From here, the Church monks and nuns established with Boost-Ni quite crowded, many religious laws began to be established.
According to Edward J. Thomas document, Chapter X, in his book "The Life of Buddha ...", some discipline problems begin to take shape in the sixth after turning the wheel of Bhagavan, and the clear picture from the tenth year after the date of enlightenment. According to the Vinaya rules certainly arises from the thirteenth year, as venerable Pros-she-ly in charge (this issue will be discussed at the World study, Dharma chapter).
Monks and nuns in church, Bhagavan was depending Grace in every social class, irrespective of rich and poor, men and women, on man, who had high levels of education, low status and so on:
- Venerable Shariputra and Section-devout-linked component delegates scholars and intellectuals.
- The venerable A-recruiter-term-momentum, Ananda ... component represents royalty, kings.
- Venerable Pros-three-ly deputies working class.
- Angulimala was a robber.
- Women are false religions Patacara commoners, were deranged with grief at the (lost parents, children, husband and children).
- A Dalit girl.
- nun's capital Addahakasi geisha, etc .. (Theri).
Bhagavan continued teaching until the birth of a new age eighty Nirvana countless medical opinion. Beijing says, disciples His outstanding include:
About monks: (Anguttara Economics I, offenders Win).
- Venerable Kieu-ceiling-As the first monks.
- Venerable Sariputta: First Intelligence.
- Venerable Section-devout-venture: Supernatural First.
- Ton Ca-lettuce author: Junior momentum.
- Venerable Pros-three-ly: First Morality.
- Illustration A-recruiter-term-momentum: First Thien label.
- The venerable She-threads (Bhaddiya): Sounds wonderful filed best.
- The venerable Phu-long-na (puñña · Mantaniputta): First lecture.
- Venerable Ca-fried-performing (Maha Kaccana): widely First lecture
- The venerable Ba-threads (Bhaddiya): You First tribe.
- Venerable Pindola Bharadyaja: Talking lions roar measures with the most followers.
- Venerable Rāhula: Preferred learning First.
- Venerable Tu-Bodhi (Subhuti): pure and countless avoid First, is offering First.
- the venerable Radha: User Action First.
- the venerable Kiep-neo-na (Maha Kappina): Church world First.
- the venerable Revata: Single Residential Meditation practitioners Best.
About nuns:
- Female Venerable Ma-ha-ba-bar-ba-Title: First Presbyterian Ni (from first).
- Khema: First Intelligence.
- Uppalavanna: First Supernatural.
- Dhammadinna: First Lecture .
- Nanda: First meditation.
- Bakula: First Thien label.
- Bhaddakaccana: First place victory.
- Kisagotami: First bring y crude.
- Sigalakamata: Credit First prize.
- Sona: Essential to First .
About South layman:
- Layman Tapassubhalli: first refuge.
- Level Solitude: Giving First.
- Citta: First Lecture.
- Hatthaka Alavaka: Photography Apparel Junior congregation.
- Hatthigamaka Uggata: Household maintenance First monks.
- Ambattha: Net credit First.
- Nakulapita: Casual First.
- ...
Women lay on:
- Sujata (Tu-bar-subject): the first refuge.
- Visakha: Giving First.
- Khujjutara: Multicultural First.
- Uttara: First Meditation.
- Suppiya: Care Patients First.
- Katiyani: Net credit First.
- Nakulamata: Casual First.
- ...
- The last days
- (According Mahaparinibbana Sutta. Where Nikaya III).
Eighty years old, is old, Bhagavan decided Nirvana Forever medical opinion, after three times Mara (Mara) request, and after three times Exalted suggestions for Venerable Ananda Bhagavan request How the venerable residence did not recognize his attention.
The last three months, the Exalted and Venerable Ananda walk from Rajgir to Beluva.
Along the way, during this time, Bhagavan has prevented an imminent war between Ma-out-momentum origin of King Ajatasatru (Ajatasattu) and Bat-term parish (which served).
Bhagavan continued high level of those who deserve. Wanderer pagan Subbaddha was the last to be Exalted ordained, ordained. Not long after that, Subbadha attained Arhat. This is the Arhat final death before Bhagavan.
One other layman, lay Thuan-Da (Cunda), iron workers, are encouraging sermon Bhagavan, Bhagavan was offered metal coat color (bright yellow) and finally give alms. During this meal, in addition to food there epigastric secondary wood ear (sukara-madde). Finished, Bhagavan blood dysentery, painful, but Bhagavan used to force cure convince the Venerable Ananda to continue the journey to Kusinara. Bhagavan taught Cunda "It's a kind of poisonous mushrooms; only eaten unless new Tathagata not die, please bury the remaining portion of food." Bhagavan advised the Venerable Ananda please dispel any remorse can occur inside Cunda about his meal offerings, and dispel misunderstandings about the discussion dissolved into a donated heart of Cunda - (rule of Mahaprajna Nirvana, Digha III).
The final teaching
- "Hey Ananda, France and the Law that I taught and presented, after my passing, the French and Law would be masters of the Mr." (Ibid. P. 154).
- "Hey Ananda, after my passing, the school may cancel small world" (Ibid. P. 154).
- "Behold the monks (Then took five hundred monks are learning Saints), uneducated, if any monks any doubt about the Buddha, the Dharma and they Tang, director, or the method, time ask away, do not have regrets later ... ".
Bhagavan asked three times, but all were silent, expressed no doubt.
- "Behold the monks, this Tathagata He advises; The compounded is impermanent, be diligent, do not have distractions" (Ibid. P. 156).
The main teaching here is the last of the last teaching of the Tathagata.
Exalted Enter the sleeping Infinite Balance Y
Bhagavan teaches Venerable Ananda went to the forest Ta-la (Sala) of the Malla clan in Kusinara. Ta-la-season natural full flowering stems. Teach and prepare a place located Exalted head pointing north, between two trees dual Ta-la. Exalted lie on the right hip, legs to the other. After training is complete the final teaching. Bhagavan entered the preliminary application and output Zen Meditation, Zen and output binary binary Thought Meditation .... Phi Phi phi phi idea and ideal non ideal export, import and export Kills Kills life expectancy great idea to import African ideal non and export a great idea ... non-ideal non import Profile Zen, Zen primary production, to enter the quarter-Zen, Zen quartet made, Bhagavan's passing away.
After Bhagavan death, gods and men, except those who do not take the crying craving, brain shirt; those who take residence except craving is firmly mindful that: "The issue is impermanent, how could it be otherwise?"
Cremation relics and relics Tower Building
Kusinara Malla population in continuous worship, reverence metallic body offering Exalted with dances, music, direction and flowers, then set the pyre at Temple Bandhana Makuta.
Kim's relatives learned Exalted 500 cloth (on a fine cloth, a layer of coarse cloth), placed in a box made of iron head, this box is sealed by an iron coffin other. Pyre made of wood scents.
Pyre can not catch fire until Ton author Dai Ca-lettuce bowed up on the foot of Bhagavan. (When the news Bhagavan passed the venerable Oscar-lettuce is in the middle of the way from Pava to Kusinara).
When burnt, no body or ashes rest, that only relics. A water line from nowhere and a water line from the plant off I-la sprinkle stake. People then sprinkle Malla things off with the pineapple juice.
People Xa tri-profit religious Malla in lecture halls, seven days bowed respectfully, offering dance, music, floral offerings.
Relic is divided into eight sections for:
1. King of Maggadha.
2. Licchavi clan in Vesani (Sat-insole-profit line).
3. Field Sakyamuni in Ca-Pi-la-defense.
4. The influx of Puli in Allakappa (Sat-insole-profit line).
5. Those Koli in Ramagama (Sat-insole-profit line).
6. Those Malla in Kusinara.
7. Those Malla at Pava.
8. Vethadipaka Brahmin.
Ten towers were erected to worship Xa-profit:
- Eight towers worship reflector-profit.
- A church tower used to split the pot Xa-profit.
- A tower of ash Xa-profit worship.
Thought Differences Between India and Buddhism Under Exalted Time
Indian thought before the Buddha and the Buddha's time:
The study of Indian thought is usually much different assessment. Speaking about the relationship between Vedic and Buddhist too. Must be a real work can elaborate any discrimination clear and valuable about anomalies between India and Buddhist thought.
In this brief presentation, we advocate cites some typical comments and add your own opinion based on years and four Agama Nikaya.
According to Radhakrishnan and Moore, in his book "Indian Philophy" Indian philosophy is divided into five stages:
* Phase I: From 2500 to 600 TTL TTL phase of Vedic thought.
* Phase II: From 600 to 200 TL TTL phase-shift Hero thoughts
* Stage III: The period of the first century Calendar, Phase of Business (Sutra). This phase consists of the philosophy are:
- Nyana or Reality logic (Logical Realism).
- Win Vaisesika or speech, or Pluralism realism.
- Samkhya or of speech, or dualism Evolution (Evolutionary dualism).
- Yoga or Meditation.
- Purva Mimamsa: the interpretation of the first works of Vedic related to Gender, and Uttara Mimamsa or later on research related to Vedic knowledge, also called Ve-above-trend (Vedanta), destination Vedas.
* Phase IV: the academic phase, the phase of the discussion paper to explain the Kinh was born.
* Phase V: Ideology and contemporary India.
Vedic period is the period of cultural ideas and civilized Aryans from Central Asia transmitted. This is the philosophical stage in the achievement of the Upanishads. There are four types of Vedic: Anak recite the Know (Rig Veda-), the momentum of the International about- self (Yajur Veda-); Faced with the momentum of the mantra, Ca Bay (Samma-Veda), and Vedic Atharva by Taoist tradition, have personalities participating physicians and meaningful implementation of the other three (Atharva Veda-).
Thought mainly of Indians in Vedic period are: the Truth of God's revelation to mankind at the beginning of each cycle The universe (each cycle: 4320 million years on Earth. Rig-Veda mentions a lot of deities like the sun god (Surya), the god of Fire (Aggi), god of the sky (Dyaus), the god of Storms (Maruts), the god of wind (Vayu or Vata), the god of water (Apas), the god of Dawn ( Usas), god Land (Prthivi), etc .. But Radhakrishnan and Moore (Ibid, p. 5) when the Indians worship any god he became the god lord god (creator and destroy the universe .) Thus, Vedic polytheism has meaning, is both the most significant god, can be called a god equal priority (or Kathenotheism Henotheism).
Go to the second period of Indian thought, Buddhism appeared with Jain (Jainism), Saivism and Vaisnavism.
Buddhism appeared meant to bring a content Buddhism ideological content other than India and the previous time.
PD Mehta, in his book "Early Indian Religious Thought", publisher Lussac and Publishing Company Limited in London in 1956, wrote: "Religion is the Buddha suggested is very unique, it's a startling difference with all other major religions. dharma, which is not a holy man or absolute, is the source. the goal is selflessness, the end of suffering, and the realization of immortality, Nirvana. .. ".
(But as pronounced by the Buddha Religion is so startling Original khác và không all the other great Religions. The Dhamma, and not a Divine Person or Absolute, is the fountain head. The goal is selflessness, the cessation from being a source of sufffering and evil, and the realization of the Deathlessness of Nirvana ...) (p. 186-187).
George Grimm, a German scholar, is a Buddhist, in the appendix, "The Doctrine of the Buddha as the Flower of Indian Thought" by the book "The Doctrine of the Buddha" (Translated into English by monks Silacara) wrote: "the teaching of the Buddha's teachings also called No-self, as opposed to the doctrine of the fall Clean-male-majority" (... "the doctrine of the Buddha is the doctrine of not- cũng gọi I, anattà-vada, as contrasted with the I-doctrine, the Āttā-vada, of the Vedanta ") - (p. 370).
There are a lot of presentations in Nikàya and Agama clear difference between theory and Buddhist India. We, writers, noting that it was Ven own views and Sarvastivadins sets.
Brahma Net Sutra (Brahmajâla Suttam) sixty-second presentation of the arguments accepted theory that time India distinct from Buddhism. Including eighteen argument arises over the past (including permanent four arguments, four childhood friends讧impermanence sale argument, reasoning four boundless finite, four sophistry, inhuman and two arguments), thirty-nine of the argument accepted future (including compliance with sixteen great conclusion after death, eight mortgage mindless argument after death, eight have not accepted arguments are not without a great idea after death, and seven arguments cessation) and approved the conclusion of comment current Nirvana (Han organ equivalent of Pham Dong, A-levels).
The respective Notes (Avyakata), Samyutta Nikaya IV, presented the accepted conclusion, the present opinion the reason is due to the presence of obvious affinity, fraternal, loving kindness, is due to the ego attachment ( Lust, Feeling, Perception, Action and consciousness). This is a clear distinction between the Indian doctrine under Exalted with Buddhism. One theory behind the policy related to the Self, one behind all the legal guidelines are Anatta. Some scholars thought that time that Vedic and Buddhist meet in theory Retribution (Kamma, Skt. Karma), Samsara (Samsara) and Liberation. The writer thinks that this is just the same in the name (noun), but the content of what they contain disparate. The policy of karma, reincarnation, cause and effect, freed of Buddhism will be presented in Chapter Dharma.
Brahma Dong (Han organ, school A-levels, vol 14) presented similar arguments about sixty-two accepted and filed on even in this business that the "State religion by clinging initiated five aggregates which sixty two accept that argument. "
Agama Nikàya stance and can be seen as loyal stance with Buddhist origins (originally) the most. Here the differences are evident as the foundation of Buddhism and contemporary Indian thought and earlier.
Go into the social phenomenon of Indian caste distinctions, differences compared to Buddhism even more conspicuous. The phenomenon of class division that has thousands of years ago to the time Bhagavan and lasted until the early modern and modern.
Four castes of Indian society (including Brahmin, Sat imperial interests, Phệ-amnesty and Prime-momentum) is derived from the Rig-Veda trading, the oldest scriptures of Hinduism. Rig Veda-chapter X, 90, 11 stated that: "His mouth was a monk Brahmin (Brahmana), he made up his arms and soldiers (Kshatriya), two of traders His thighs (Vaishyas) , his feet a servant (Shudra) ".
The people of different caste marriages are not the same, not to eat at my table, not the ceremony. Dalit prime-da-la particularly abused and scorned.
Meanwhile, Buddhism advocates caste equality, equality between people with the same blood red, the salty tears. This view is presented in many of the Nikaya and Agama. Because of this difference, but there are some Brahmin teacher so far, view Buddhism as hostile, said that the Buddha did reverse Indian tradition.
Leveler four Indian caste is advocated bringing revolutionary ideas and social revolution. The policy of Bhagavan which, together with the views of the doctrine of liberation of the Chair, speaks unique position in the history of Buddhism in India, as well as in the history of mankind. Whether the Buddhist sect have looked at some different definition of Bhagavan, that does not alter the unique values.END=NAM MO SAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY=THICH CHAN TANH.THE MIND OF ENLIGHTENMENT.WORLD VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST ORDER=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=GOLDEN LOTUS MONASTERY=AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.9/5/2016.MHDT.
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