1. Meaning Refuge (Sarana) 'Sarana' in Pali means: "refuge", and is defined as "a place of refuge", "a or where" human protection from the threat, hazard; "a person, object or process" delivers the protection, cover, the security.

Venerable Teacher too try Ledi Sayadaw inUttama Purisa Dipani"defined"sarana"as follows:
"If a homage or worship an object or a person, and if the Act of reverence or worship that became a career in charity (kusala kamma), which can save themselves from rebirth into the realm of suffering, then the object or person that became a" sarana ", and as such worthy of reverence or worship".

"On the contrary, if a homage or worship an object or someone with the thought is that object or person that will save themselves from rebirth into the realm of suffering, but in fact the Act of reverence or worship that does not become a career in charity (kusala kamma), then the object or person that is not a" sarana " , and not worthy of reverence or worship".

Then, the Venerable Zen master is using a comparison as follows:
"The moral precept (sila), mind (samadhi), and wisdom (panna) do not rot switch can be compared to the fertile of soils. The object doing the refuge as: Buddha, France and Increase can be compared as the soils are fertile qualities. Intentional action (cetana) born in mind (mind) of a person through the refuge in Buddha, France, then Increase like the seed sown on fertile soil which".

"The person or the object does not have the moral Precepts (sila), Plan (samadhi), and Wisdom (panna) real rotten moved like arid land pieces not a bit. If the person or object and homage or worship, then just like sowing the seeds on arid land. The person or object that don't bring in good karma (kusala kamma), and so it is useless".




2. The origin of The refuge Refuge
According to the Pali Scriptures, soon after the Enlightenment, the Buddha had spent 7 weeks, of which sit under the Bodhi tree, the tree of Banyan tree, Mucalinda Tree (Annona Muricata Rafters the United Kingdom), and finally under the Rajayatana Tree, each a week. When the Buddha sat under the tree Rajayatana , at which the two English merchant named Tapussa and Bhallika from Ukkala (Orissa, i.e. Burma) insurgent donation Buddha glutinous rice cake and honey. After life son Buddha finished meal, two people, my feet on your knees and ask for refuge refuge in the Buddha and the Dhamma of The Buddha & the French do, take refuge until the last breath. They became the first renunciation, Buddhist refuge in Buddha and France (Second), because at that time not yet have the Sangha.

Then the Buddha to Nai in Sarnath today and there, who explains "article the first Theory" for the ascetic seclusion, friend that later they also became the enlightened ranks A-la-Han. They are the Buddhist Bhikkhu first stilts.

The Buddha also met and preached Dhamma for the Prince Yasa and 54 Yasa's friends, all about life on the Sangha and who later became the enlightened ranks A-la-Han.
 
Father, mother and wife of Yasa also meets St. floor credentials to enter Save or Tu-da-(Sotapanna) and they became the first renunciation Buddhist refuge refuge in Buddha, France, Rose (Tam), because at that time the Sangha (Sangha) was born.



 
3. Action refuge Refuge
Select actions or refuge to refuge is the road leading to or step into the Dharma (Buddha Sasana).

After the Ceremony, wealthy girl sentence proceedings 3 times:

"Namo Tassa Bhagavato Arahato Samma-Sambuddhassa"
"Bowing to German World Religious ceremony, wealthy girl, steps A-la-Han, Full Sensory Level".

The refuge refuge is made by verses read proceedings below 3 times:
 
Buddham Saranam Gacchami
Dhammam Saranam Gacchami
Sangham Saranam Gacchami
The refuge in Buddha, please
I cry in France
I cry on the Increase
 
Buddham Saranam Gacchami, Dutiyampi.
Dhammam Saranam Gacchami, Dutiyampi.
Sangham Saranam Gacchami, Dutiyampi.
Second, my refuge in Buddha, please
I cry in France
I cry on the Increase
 
Tatiyampi Buddham Saranam Gacchami,.
Dhammam Saranam Gacchami, Tatiyampi.
Sangham Saranam Gacchami, Tatiyampi.
Last Tuesday, My refuge in Buddha, please
I cry in France
I cry on the Increase


According to the Commentary GiảngTiểu (Khuddakapatha), the Buddha has taught etiquette read this refuge in the proceedings, Isipatana aims to accept the new disciples into the Sangha, when People start sending 60 A-unit la Han recently enlightened take on many different directions to give a lecture and receive these additional new disciples refuge on the three jewels. Those who are joining the Sangha (Bhikkhu stilts) also read litigation 3 times the sentence this ritual before becoming Bhikkhu stilts.

 
 
 
4. Why do we need a Refuge?

Except the Holy disciples of the Buddha, who was also the four noble truths enlightenment all beings are immersed in ignorance and usually not a good idea to be aware of the risks if I live in this short lifetimes. They got the wrong impermanence, egolessness and suffering is usually constant, ego and hedonistic. The Buddha appear on this opening to the four noble truths, which is the higher truth that if anyone knows a way to fully and properly, the enlightenment was the truth that would lead to a path of liberation from all suffering.

 
(I) The Dangers In The Present Life

As far as the four noble truths, from born (or reborn) will lead to the elderly, the sick, the dying, the sad melancholy, unhappiness, pain, melancholy and despair. Ourselves with the knowledge of ordinary people is also easy to see these things, because of this, as is the truth, if not happen to us all, it has happened to all the relatives the ancestors, he, she, her father, our mother, cannot be avoided. Right now are living, we have to subject and can suffer illness, injury or even an accident at any time. The disaster or natural calamity such as fire, floods, droughts and earthquakes can happen at any time, causing tan trade, suffering and death.

(If you think that modern society, with advanced science and the preventative measures and have helped people out of the disaster, then you were wrong. Whether for a civilized country, how advanced, you can't avoid disaster. For example, Hurricane Katrina spawned intense flooding in the U.s.a. in 2005 have cleared their homes, property and material and a larger region of the country Vietnam; Tsunami Tsunami in Thailand 2007 lives and how many homes and the other tsunami has always stalked the country Indonesia, Japan, Vietnam, and greatest flood disaster happened in several months of 2011 right with modern capital Bangkok, in Thailand. Also how many major disasters, other small happens all over the world in a year, causing many grief, loss and death that man and all of them born to suffer).

All over the place in this modern world, people and they also suffer accidents, catastrophes due to human causes, such as accidents, crime, war, persecution, epidemics, economic collapse and a variety of political crisis, economics and the humanities are being referred to.

The truth is, even if few or many of us and they have escaped the threat, is still something we could not escape, that's the Dead. And even when accept blatant truth is this, we don't know the death for us will happen at anytime and anywhere.


(II) Insecurity In The Future Lifetimes

The threat and harm the enclosure they also don't end after we die. According to the doctrine of the Buddha, when people die also carry desire will also lead and rebirth into the realm or new lifetimes. The rebirth, as stated in detail in chapter VI on regeneration, will fall into the Bourn blessing (Sugati) as human realms, realms of divine angels, heaven; or fall into the realms of bad, doomed (Duggati) as the hungry daemons, demons, hell beast or demon spirit.

The threat of major future lifetimes to be reborn into the world scene bad, doomed, suffering, not only because there all bad, the suffering, the pain and humiliation of the damned, which is the escape from that realm is extremely difficult. The rebirth there may be welfare or not depending on the actions of German born in current lifetimes. But they were reborn into the realms of bad as hell, beast, hungry daemons demons ... then do not get the opportunity to make merit to create blessed, so despite the borne out that realms in exile, fallen, they are born it's also hard on the regeneration opportunities the good, so Runnin' bad rebirth round, just incredibly lengthening. So new, so saying that, if have bad Runnin' regeneration, then the threat of danger to the largest is the escape from the evil realms is extremely difficult .

The Buddha has clearly explains this by a classic example:
"Suppose there is a perforated wood is a hole in the float between the ocean and a blind tortoise, living under the sea surface after every one hundred years. Chance to blind turtle ngoi head up into the hole of the tree, the greater the opportunity to still a sentient beings in realms can be recycled back to the people".

So, the rebirth on the bad, an exiled is a terrible danger for the future life after death, so we need the protection, need places to refuge. We can not do anything to remove the scene about bad, so the only way is to let us find ways to avoid them.

According to the Law of karma (the Law of Kamma), actions or Karma good, wholesome, friendly will create the results good, wholesome, friendly; and conversely, what action or bad karma, real charity, will create the bad results, real friendly, does not heal. So to avoid the later regeneration on the scene about bad, not peace, then we must avoid creating bad karma, evil (akusala kamma ).

To do this, we need the guidance from people who really understand the truth about the operation of the law and governed by Business Rules. Even when we understand, discern good things and bad things in our actions, evil never always follow the good, friendly, because our mind is extremely difficult to control. And to understand the way to perform the action or good karma and avoids bad invested, we need the guidance from those who understand the behavior of the mind, helps us to control the mind, get the mind out of those bad mind create bad karma. It is a description of the practice. And again, the "legal" would help us to we call it refuge?.


(III) The Dangers Of Samsara (Samsara)

In addition to too many afflictions, the danger that we face in the present life as well as in future lifetimes if falling on the scene about bad (Duggati), we have to face or dominated by great insecurity and much more difficult. The true harm, visible, is suffering, reincarnation, rebirth, old, dying, grieving, suffering, pain, melancholy and despair. It is the suffering from nature, news is suffering due to the gauge (gauge gauge), but besides them there by gauge transformations, change and things due to gauge the impact, because the human charm within the present.

The solution or the liberation was not to be found anywhere, even on the Endless Sky Colors also does not have to be, because life in the realms which also impermanent and depending on conditions, human charm. This implies that there is only one way is to turn your back, avoiding all forms of recycling or realms of life, even the life of the world's great Sun God.

According to the Four truths about "the origin of suffering", will join the wish, desire to be present, to be constantly living (bhava-tanha) is the cause leading to rebirth, regeneration and create ' Live Earth ' desire for continued startups born and lasts forever within Samsara (samsara).

The focal point of the wheel is the reincarnation of ignorance (avijja), is the underlying root cause of desire. Because of ignorance, because of misunderstanding, because do not know, because the accept, because getting the wrong should start participating students want, desire.

So to delete most of desire (cause rebirth), eliminating ignorance, delete the ignorant, obtuse. That ignorance, ignorant, obtuse then only deleted by knowledge, by voter comments, that is intellectual.

Research on the extent of the wing, then the wisdom here is that knowledge can go deep to allow us to "see all things as they are". To develop the intellectual, we need these methods, the ways of proper practices and who can guide us.

From the above analysis, we understand that we necessarily need to have protection, refuge to help us evade and escape from the three types of risks are "besieged" and "stalking". Many used the preaching from the Pali language as "himsati" (crush, crush) in describing more about the meaning of refuge "sarana", as follows:
"When the refuge to refuge, then just the refuge to refuge that was squashed, dispel, break, stop the fear, suffering, the pollution and the risk of rebirth into the realm of their bad"




5. Three-three jewels Refuge (Tisarana)
In Buddhism, there are three refuge at the same time bring the protection for people to avoid the three types of hazard analyses on. That is: the Buddha, the Dhamma (Dhamma) and the Sangha. Also known as the "Buddha, France, increase". The refuge is not the three refuge or three different protection, which all three relate to each other, organic into a "refuge has three elements".

Take a simple example, if we suffer illnesses and we really want to end the disease, we need to see a doctor to diagnose the disease and give solution or for prescriptions to treat the disease. We need to have medication to heal illness, and we also need people who care, help when we are sick. Because doctors and caretakers can't cure most diseases, which they only diagnose, solve (prescription) and make sure we are taking care to pill, taken the treatment properly. The new Drug is the treatment solution, to kill the disease and restore health.

Similarly, to find solutions to eradicate misery, we look to the Buddha, as a doctor, Liang y to find out the cause of the "Suffering" and just give us the solution to "treat" and doing everything to be suffering. The solution then as drugs to therapy, except "the disease" the suffering, and the Sangha is the people who take care of us when are disease, help us to make the pill, the proper treatment to brief illness. And to avoid the disease, we must direct himself taking drugs or do as told by doctors and caregivers. To end suffering, to do everything in painful, we must practice his own Dhamma (Dhamma), because Dhamma is helpless really, is the solution, is the real drug, to lead to the cessation of Suffering.

Effect or the result of the refuge to refuge is depending on the relative level of understanding about the three jewels and the confidence of the us to the three jewels.




(I) Refuge In Buddha-Buddha Said

In terms of the history of humanity, when we spoke to from "Buddha" (Buddha) is that we are talking about a "man" named Siddhatta Gotama (all Reached Multi-co Viet-Talks) live in India in about the 5th century BC. When we refuge refuge in Buddha, as we cry on human health rules, because Who is the teacher and the founder of Buddhism. However, the refuge refuge in People is not just a physical, human bone meat.

Buddha became a place for refuge, the refuge because Buddha was the Supreme enlightenment, a Fully Enlightened Buddha. Because the person is enlightened people, guide others to enlightenment. Those who are enlightened and do 2 this shall be known as the Buddha, this is super spiritual aspect of this refuge objects. Buddha, as a refuge, not secular, worldly concepts, which belong to an audience means refuge in spirituality. So, when we decided to Buddhist refuge, we rely on the Buddhas do refuge because of who represents the Supreme Enlightenment or Buddhist, including all the qualities that a Supreme enlightenment, that is:

v has to eradicate or paragraph except all the pollution and defilement. Except paragraph means any pollution was the last, no longer eradicate never kicked the born again.

v to accumulate all the virtue. Talk about the virtue of a happy Buddha, then very much, but the two highest virtue, the most super of The Modern Decor and are: the great Bi, is the two virtue who has developed for the welfare of others, used to help people or ' level ' beings.

v we refuge refuge in the Buddha, because Who is the Supreme expression of the purity, wisdom and kindness bi introspection, an invisible College masters, who can guide us to the path of travel to, stay away from the sea of samsara database (samsara).


(II) The Refuge Of Dhamma (Dhamma)-France Said

There are two categories or two levels of Dhamma (Dhamma), that is: the Dhamma, is the teachings or doctrines of the Buddha are chronicled in the Organ Business. All of these doctrines is speaking out and is used as the Guide on the path of cultivation is called the road Eight or "bowl of Legitimacy" that we have the opportunity to learn from chapter III , including the way World Leaders and world Choreography, in which way the World Export Leader can only reached by proper understanding, the enlightened about the truth of the four noble truths. (The mind) Consciousness of the worldly choreography of apricot root the accompanying pollution, this Protocol only run born once in every stage in 4 stages, symptoms are: Sotapanna (Type), Sakadagamin (For hybrids)), Anagamin (Bowl) and finally A-la-Han (Infertility).

Each Formula or path to be followed by the Director Form formula Result marked by the quiet when the pollution being spit clean by the previous leaders carved. Both informal and formal Results create the export category or aspect of worldly Dhamma (Dhamma).

The French Church is the teachings of the Buddha teach beings practice to escape reincarnation, as the four noble truths, the twelve Personality charm, Three La Suite ...

In this way, the true Dhamma is where refuge .
 
 
 
(III) Refuge Sangha (Sangha) – Increase The Security

According to traditional aspects or the world, then the Sangha here means the Sangha Bhikkhu Stilts (Bhikkhu Sangha), the community of monks had his world life, the comply with and maintain the 227 precepts Sangha by the Buddha and making people see the (main) it is these precepts properly. Bhikkhu Sangha Stilts is mass the Rise, Ni row inherits from 2500 years ago, was considered redundant and keeping the Dhamma of the Buddha Bhikkhu stilts life. (qifu mumo) allow increased delegation completed the task of preserving redundant transmission and practice of Dhamma. However, this is not on stilts Bhikkhu Sangha refuge or Increase Security. The Sangha refuge or Increase the security is Increased Delegation of St. Rose (Ariya Sangha), it is the community which included the Saints rise (Ni) has food poisoning at least one of the four Holy floor results. The Holy Buddha's disciples at least forever no longer ties comments and doubts, the doctrine of the Buddha has deep roots in human dock they no longer have to depend on others in making these things work left on the road to the goal finally. Because there was enough understanding and enlightenment inside, the increase has been the qualities and virtue to lead others on the path to liberation.




6. What factors support the refuge Refuge
Taking refuge in the three jewels is expressed thanks to Lady, refuge in the three jewels and became a Buddhist, legs. However, this is only saying the mouth about refuge. Buddhist had to say clearer on the issue of refuge this Tam, it includes the real work more meaningful is the litigation read those verses of refuge ceremony. define the classic refuge is a spiritual activity , that is:
"An act of (heart) pollution no longer conscious, was urged by faith and kindness into the glass for the three jewels as the Supreme refuge".

As such, the three jewels refuge should only be made when there was full of confidence and kindness into glasses for Tam, and received the three jewels is the Supreme refuge, is the source of the only cover on the way out. There are 3 factors played an important role in the refuge three jewels:


a) Understanding
Only the understanding of truth or Truths about Dukkha, a new look to the refuge. His mind should also understand, grasp the nature, significance (see also Chapter XVI, about "commemoration of Buddha, France, increase"). The correct understanding that can help us more and more trust deepened and on three jewels and urging ourselves on the path of practice, practice the Dhamma.


b) Cooperating Towards Charity or Donation Center
The decision rules y to a refuge is an intentional act, the Act of the will (or the Center), this is a voluntary action based on cooperating in good direction on the Dhamma (dhammachanda) to escape the suffering and insecurity. The more powerful the Prayer Center urged the more powerful psychic, help yourself quickly and diligently practice the Dhamma of the Buddha.


c) Trust & Hearts into glasses
The basics of intelligence must be balanced with the basics of the Faith or The heart. Wisdom without the easy Confidence makes people cynical or suspicious, while trust does not come or rely on Wisdom, the ease make people become obtuse. When refuge on Tam, a person's Faith should rely on the confidence, conviction or confidence to the protection capacity of the three jewels, along with an understanding of the nature and significance of the three jewels. The confidentconviction, created to honor or into the glass. When a person has noticed or undergo metabolic impact of Dhamma in her life, that the more new awakening and honor where Tam was increased, the person's mind as powerful direction on the three jewels and the more engaged, diligent and persistent practicing the Dhamma of the Buddha.

 
 
 
7. The Impure & Cancel In refuge
The No purity or the deviance in the issue of refuge refuge is what factors make the refuge no longer be pure, not sincere, and no longer be effective. Usually there are 3 elements contaminate the refuge refuge, that is:


(1) the ignorant
That is when a person does not understand about the reason of the refuge refuge, the sense of refuge or refuge, and the nature and significance of the objects themselves as helpless, not knowing about the nature and meaning of Buddha's wings rescue, France and Rising.


(2) The Doubt
That is when a person does not have the confidence or trust in the three jewels. The refuge or entrust yourself into spiritual Tam then disappeared, were marred by the troubled mind, doubt and not definitive. Distrust is one obstacle to any progress about spirituality and any human would progress. As such, it is essential to have your faith, your conviction to be decisive. Want to have the confidence to back must have understanding, wisdom, because the legitimate confidence, correctness must be based on an understanding of the causes and implications of the three jewels. If there is no understanding then that faith is to believe in something or just bring suspicion to do rotten releases refuge.


(3) Misleading Perspective Or Deviant Comments
It is the curious know wrong about the refuge or refuge of the object to be made refuge, here's the Buddha, France, Increase. Here one can think that simple, just accept the three jewels refuge is get assurances about freed from danger after this.
Or, sadly, the majority of people today think that the Buddha is a God has the power to save people, not need human effort to save yourself;
Or have people believe that Dhamma taught to people doing so to create "good fruit" for an immortal soul,
Or the Sangha is an intermediate representation for people through that refuge in the Buddha to be rescued or household.

However, even if the refuge were not, were the factors, ideological deviance and impure on the cause and meaning of the refuge and about the meaning of the three jewels, the refuge is still considered intact and the Buddhist remains are considered a Buddhist before he also accepted three jewels refuge is the only Supreme her, though that person did not really understand are whole and pure meaning cause of turning back the refuge.

However, lack of understanding or attitude of refuge in the "mind" is so misleading and so people need to fix from his understanding for correctness by thanks to the directions, advice of a teaching or teacher. The master (as the Increase, or a person who knows the whole) will help those that pass these defilement is ignorance, incredulity and wrong opinion.

That is the problem the deviance or the pure action rules in medicine and in the minds of people about the rules object y is three jewels.

Also the cancellation of Refuge or not and the y Tam also happen to many people, at home. For the Holy disciples, or the Buddha, the trust and the refuge to the three jewels is the real rot switch, and three jewels for they also never changed. In case of cancellation, human or not be refuge for a people when dead. The annihilation of horizontal it is no mistake, is without Italy,.
The cancellation rules y value for ' poor ' and ' worthy ' of an accountable person is when the person refuses or is no longer revered the Buddha as a refuge, and may the most merciful masters subliminal than other Buddha;

Or that person change from the path of Buddhism to other religions and systems of thought think that religions better the Dhamma of the Buddha.
Or the person that moved through participation in a community or other religious unions and because he thought that the community that a better Holy Sangha.
 
The cancellation of the trust or refuge on one of the three objects of the three jewels, the default is to remove trust and refuge to all three jewels. No story can you refuge in Buddhism without belief in the Dhamma and the Sangha; Or you to the Temple of refuge to the monks which again not believing and refuge in the Buddha and France.

If one content maintenance these attitudes or thoughts on a symbol as a refuge of Supreme spirituality outside the three jewels, then that person has cut his refuge in the three jewels and has declared itself no longer is a Buddhist.

Then, if the person changes and want the refuge to the three jewels in effect back, then the refuge should be start according to the rites, though etiquette rules of medicine is simple, but it is essential to do from the beginning, because the refuge also need the other serious attitude comes , such as: the intellectual understanding of the causes and implications of the three jewels refuge, confidence in the three jewels and the cooperating towards goodness about the rescue.


 
8. the benefits of The three jewels refuge
By the three jewels refuge, a man who has shown the mind prayer is like to be guided by the teachings of the Buddha. Guide do? Guide to step out of the way, practice a practical way in action, because of the doctrine of the Buddha is not a doctrine of salvation to people based on their faith. As discussed previously, the refuge is simply to Help for a person with intellectual base balance trust and the practice of the Dhamma. It's the necessary condition to one people can progress to enlightenment truths and Nirvana.

For those who frequent refuge in the three jewels with proper understanding, by trust and kindness into the glass, then the refuge that is the Act of "crush, dispel, break, stop the fear of corruption, the suffering, the pollution and the risk of rebirth into the realm of their bad".

For those new to Buddhism, then the action will simply be the refuge born faith (saddha), trust is the person to lead the mind towards friendly status. At times more pressure and fear in life, a simple health rules of proceeding "Buddham Saranam Gacchami" or "I refuge in Buddha" was well enough done to appease the mind, do comforted my heart. This happens when you consider refuge on a good, strong object.

The children of these families the Buddhists should also be taught to mind each night in refuge in Buddha, France, Rising to increase trust and make sense, not having nightmares or the nuisance in my sleep.

When the author asked several members of the class of business, some people who practice Yoga, that if they're sitting on a plane are experiencing and can be dropped any seconds minute, then they will do? They will close your eyes and meditate or anniversary Tam households? The majority are answered that the notion of a sentence reading "The refuge in Buddha, please" is the most easily to mind to feel comforted. Which is the protective capacity of the three jewels, though simple but very good effect of spirituality on the crew at need .  END=NAM MO SAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY=THICH CHAN TANH.THE MIND OF ENLIGTHMENT.WORLD VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST ORDER=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=GOLDEN LOTUS MONASTERY=AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.26/12/2015.