Brief History of Indian
Buddhism after Buddha's time.
T uh India, Buddhism spread widely and become one of
the great religions of mankind. India is where Buddhism comes to understanding the
history of Buddhism in India became an important issue in the field of Buddhist
studies.
At the program's first year (see PHCB Volume 1), we has been introduced on the history of Buddha Shakyamuni, then we also have learned the basic tenets problem. Therefore, here we will learn a brief history of Buddhism in India after the Buddha's passing, tentatively called through three periods: the period of Theravada Buddhism (Theravada) Buddhism period sect (Abhidhamma), and Development of Buddhist era (Mahayana).
A. Period Theravada
Buddhist
Theravada Buddhist period (Theravada) is calculated from the time of the Buddha in the world to the time after his passing about a hundred years. As noted, the history of Buddha in the world stage, we have been learning in his history, so here are a few points to the peculiarities of the organization of the Church period Theravada and highlights the conference's first recital in history. I. Aspects of the Church organized the Buddha's time the Church had all four they are monks and nuns, laymen and laywomen; formation of the two components is ordained and lay. Church by founding Buddha, organize and direct operating; with great virtue and wisdom of His Church should be held ingenuity, as a unified organic body, always aims to cultivate liberation, enlightenment first. In particular, the sangha (monastic community of people) in the presence of many realizations of the Holy result (1). Church was organized on the basis of equality, respect for international law, uphold the wisdom of enlightenment; irrespective of social background, age and gender. Nevertheless, the Church still has a few monks discipline disobedient, intentionally divisive Church, as in the case of Devadatta, bhikkhus Qualified majority (Devadatta) - cousin of the Buddha - which uses data recorded ...; Externally, there are attacks of pagan aversion to the truth that the Buddha declared the policy of the Church and by his leadership, but the Church still holds purified and characterized harmony. Regarding the doctrine, Buddha was directly commanded his disciples. Any skepticism on the way to practice, his precepts ... are resolved in a particular way, apparently on the basis of wisdom that he has the experience, so there are no conflicts, no co-occurred in the Church in general and in particular Sangha. It can be said, the Church organized the Buddha is a complete organization, performance and homogeneous, every member of the spirit world to live in - the - wisdom, honored the Buddha's Enlightenment who have position great wisdom, is worthy of the heavens and the masters. Later the Buddha's passing, the Great Venerable Kashyapa (Maha Kassapa) instead of his Church leaders, increase in component Holy Church should present many characteristics characteristic of the Church, as mentioned above, is maintained until the recital Conference second, or about a hundred years after the Buddha's passing, new disagreements about discipline harsh, given to the division of church organizations. II- recital Conference first one) - Reason aggregation: After the Buddha's passing shortly, is the germ of the disagreement over his word gradually arose in the Church. This is no surprise, because the former Buddha in the world, teaching His word of mouth just were not written down; and measures which he said is legal uncertainty, depending on the base, the level of each person, group of persons ... are preaching method flexible, so the perception of content Dhamma disagreement is natural. In addition, when the news Buddha's passing, a bohemian bhikkhus rejoiced that from now on no longer bound by a reminder of the Buddha: "this should work", "other things not to do" Word has reached the ears ... Venerable Kashyapa University. Facing this reality, he came to fear that the Buddha Dhamma teaching can be distorted and destructive in the future, so venerable as head of the Buddha, was urgently summoned St. his disciples, the Buddha's teachings to review and strengthen the Sangha. After this, skeptics call this the first recital. 2) - The course and outcome: Meeting the first recital by the Venerable Kashyapa University policy, kings Asajatu (Ajatasatu) ruled Magadha (Maggadha) sponsors; held at Rajgir (Rajagaha), with an official attendance of five hundred Arhats chaired by Venerable Kashyapa University. Venerable Ananda (Ananda) in charge of the legal claim ownership, Ba Li Chun Pros author (Upali) state law litigation section. Have documented that the conference took place in the seven-month period ended. aggregation method is the same procedure with memory (2), not documented. What is the Arahat assertion, later recorded four Agama (Agama):
This conference, the The latter is also known as the "Five critical aggregation" (Conference recital of five hundred Arhats).
B. The period Buddhist sect Buddhist Period The mission here is used as the historical concept of divergence, only for the period starting place of the Church differentiation into two sets, then from two further classified and the formation of additional eighteen sects, or about the first hundred years Monday to Wednesday last hundred years after the Buddha's passing (second century after TL). During this period took place in the conference recital Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday. To track students means, first of all we will learn briefly about the conference next recital, then will go into the situation of the sectarian divide in a specific way. I. recital conference second third and fourth 1) - recital Conference Second: a / - Reason aggregation: Conference recital took place after the Second Conference the first episode is about a hundred years. The cause recital conference this time is due to a number of bhikkhus live in the city of Phe Xa Li (Vesali) proposed ten precepts that are not manufactured by the Buddha, but who themselves are legal. Ten include:
b / - The course and outcome: Meeting the recital brings together seven hundred monks, held at the café, Xa Li (Vesali A) for about eight months. The conference elected presiding monks convoy of eight, four and four in the West in the East. four position in the West include:
As such, it highlights recital Conference the second is marking the beginning of the division of the church organization . Church Sangha after the meeting, was officially divided into two sets with opposing views on discipline. Venerable comprising minority elders tend conservative mass comprising the majority of young bhikkhus tended radical. recital Conference Second, there is a place called "faction Xa Li (Vesali) aggregation "or" Failure department aggregation ". 2) - recital Conference for the third time: a / - Reason aggregation: Buddhism has been widely spread in many parts of the territory India. In particular, during the reign of Ashoka (Asoka), the Kings are devout Buddhists should be a huge incentive. Monks and nuns become large, including many who infiltrated opportunity Sangha and cause discord, therefore, Buddhism became chaotic, difficult to distinguish primary, evil. This is also the time when the sectarian divide to the extreme. To address this, the mind Ashoka was initiated and sponsored recital Conference for the third time in the history of Buddhism. b / - The course and outcome: Composition of the Conference This includes an elite thousand monks were recruited from across the country, under the presidency of the venerable Union disciples Section (Moggaliputta Tissa), held at the Lam Vien (Uyyana), Hoa Thi success (Pataliputta), under the Magadha (Maggadha), about 218 years after the Buddha's passing, or about 325 years before TL. The conference takes place uninterrupted for nine months. As more evidence the aggregation method is not unlike last time. After the conference, in addition to the economic aggregates and Vinaya, his disciples Section Union has developed the theory of the (Kathavatnu) to address differences between Buddhist and non-Buddhist doctrines, to refute the teachings of pagan contemporaries, eliminate chaos in the Sangha and reinforce the inherent purity of the Dharma. The highlight of the recital Conference for the third time was the first time, Tripitaka scriptures fully formed. 3) - Conference recital Fourth: Conference recital Fourth place on King Sac Ca Ka Ni (Kanishka). There are historical records of the age difference, but the most logical is about four hundred years after the Buddha's passing, here is the final stage of the sectarian divide period. a / - Reason aggregation: King Ca ni Sac Ca (Kanishka) is convinced Buddhist, interested in learning how doctrine. According to legend, every day the king has invited a monk preached on offer. However, each has its preacher interpretations disagree about the Buddha's teachings to the king was puzzled. Being a Bully hint of Venerable (Parsva), the king began to sponsorship Conference Center recital for the fourth time. b / - The course and outcome: Congress has selected five hundred scholars versed Holy Tripitaka teachers from across the country, due to his World Friendship (Vasamitra) as Junior and he chaired the Venerable Bully (Parsva) doing preside II. Conference held at his residence Complete Lam (Kundalavana Samgharama), water Kamistra. This conference was very thorough discussion meaningless as other issues of economic and law. The results of the conference aggregation, in addition to economic and Vinaya, the discussion was edited into three commentaries (Pros Ms. Thread Xa, Flawless Skin Flawless Nai and Ba Sa Abhidharma University Pipa Sa) consists of nine hundred and sixty thousand words (thirty thousand prose.) Ni Sac Ca Ca King ordered carved entire economic, legal, editorial comment after up on the copper foil, strictly preserved in a fixed place, who needs to read the study in place, absolutely not wear out. However, earlier this treasure is lost, only the relevant part of this discussion Abhidharma University Pipa Sa (Abhidharma Mahavibhasa sastra) that Xuanzang translated into Chinese, including two hundred copies. II. The division of the sect 1) - The cause of differentiation: The cause initial differentiation of sectarian many factors including, but can be categorized into two, which are the underlying causes and reasons directly. a / - The root cause: As we all know, is no statutory Dharma, depending on the base, the ability to recognize that there are disagreements about its interpretation. In Buddha's time, the disagreements were never his resolve peacefully. After his passing, no one can replace his role, and the seeds of dissent, division gradually grow up, become bitter and give to the sectarian divide. Additionally, the Buddha education more widely spread throughout the territory of India but not a center for Sangha - Church gathered, the Saints moved up by death, social circumstances have changed certain from the isolation that can lead to dissent, opposition even in the perception of the Buddha's teachings ... b / - The direct cause (main reason): According to historical accounts of traditional Buddhist Men the causes of the division of the Church into two sets and the Great Ven them is by the dissent of ten (illegal), as mentioned in recital Conference for the second time, about a hundred years after the Buddha's passing. documents Mahayana Buddhism, such as the concrete argument Asynchronous Comments (3), was written sometime between the second century after TL , then that's because of disagreement over the year the Great God that he (Mahadeva) (Five of the Great God) yet so the Church is divided into two sets and the Great Venerable we set. Five things that he initiated the Great God is summarized in the following verse:
reality in which he stated that the Great God in order to compare results and Arhat Buddha, his notion that only New Buddha is perfect, but still Arhat defects. This concept has sparked disagreement. Group approved the establishment of the University them, opposition groups formed the Ven. traditional views Nam said that the source of the Church's divergence from the disagreement about "ten unlawful", so is any Council of virtue; meanwhile, the Mahayana viewpoint that the cause is from the opposite perspective of "contingent of the Great God", and here is disagreement about doctrine. Overall, the direct cause of the divergence Church, originally due to disagreement on the application is better suited precepts; there are disagreements in doctrinal views, namely through the "ranks of the Great God" must also covertly, then a new outbreak. Later, when we set and Upper Bound of the division is more the figure, it comes from many different causes, namely how will mention in the next section. 2) - Evolution of the distribution and characteristics of the teachings of the sect: On dating show out of the sectarian divide, there are now two main bases. According to historical documents, the traditional Buddhist South differentiation of both sects took place after the Buddha's about a hundred years to more than two hundred years. Using data Mahayana Buddhism are recognized: the mass of the sectarian divide between after Buddha's passing from one hundred to two hundred years; dating the sectarian divide between the Venerable place later, after the Buddha's range from two hundred to three hundred and five years. terms of sects, there are many evidences: some places say 24 all sects, where burn is only 18 or 20-sectarian sect, and denomination also sometimes disagree. Here, based on concrete Hetero Comments (4) unity of all sects of twenty (20). a / - The divide between them the Great: Great we have the internal differentiation occurs first . As we all know, the Great they tend progressives, liberals should always have internal germ of differentiation, especially when new problems arise. Bound Center lecture we set the Exposed at the National Soap (Amgotara), located in Central India. Great we have four times the division, ahead after nine sets, including the original. According to the first three arguments clam bar suspension means paying God His Truth (5), the mass while the prevailing ideology of the sutras as the Flower Adornment Sutra, Nirvana, Wins Man, Wei Ma, Kim Quang Minh, Bat Nha ..., even in internal consulting support but also the reaction of disagreement, and the result is here, from the University we have differentiated and formed three new Best of the theory, Lecture that the production and the people's livelihood. * Most theories of (Ekavyavaharikah) held that the legal world and made the world are pretending, no entity. * Lokottaravàdis (Lokottaravadinah), the worldly conception is due to the delusion that there is, that's delusion born afflictions, that negativity created by the industry, by the way feel now that retribution. So from that idea so crazy that there are worldly falsehoods and pretense. This sectarian law only recognizes the real new world out there, because it arises from the circumstances and the true position. * Page Cattles (Kankkutikah) a combination of the enhanced speech organs. They say experience is visceral and Vinaya the Buddha's teachings by means of radical theory of option, only new organ argument is true doctrine because it explains the meaning of business and law. Activity divergence second from Great we set out to establish a division again as the majority text (Bahusrutiyah), by Mr. Self Care Packaging (Yajnavalkya) initiative. According to legend, the Buddha Self Care Packaging hermit effect after monastic Buddhism, attained Arhat, then at Snow Mountain retreat. About two hundred years after the Buddha's appearance at the National Soap Exposed - the center of mass contemporaries - the preacher who heard the teachings of Tripitaka with crude should he established in recognition of the majority cultural significance of profound dharma. Most of the literature does not agree with the policy of the University that we all are Buddha's sermon, which ranks the opinion of warm (impermanence, suffering, not, selflessness and Nirvana) and the Eightfold Path new sermon; Other teachings of the Buddha is only holy teachings, of the legal world. theory pretend (Prajnaptivadinah) is the result of the fourth division of the University them, because he fought Dai Ca (Mahakatyayana) water in the Great Da Lat (Maharattha) established. Notes to pretend stance is distinguished Catholic saints include multiple levels: by Buddha emulator theory, theory true, mean relative absolute sense; the worldly and world output are partly hypothetical. Activity divergence fourth from the University they split and formed three sets of Che multi-coating (Caityasailah), resident of Western painting (Aparasailah) and residents of northern painting (Uttarasailah). The cause of this divergence is, the end of the second hundred years of Buddha's, University of incentives we should have more pagan infiltrated the ranks of the Sangha, which is not smooth at the Tam study classic organ. When this set of organized screening to weed out the component mass, there was a group of about three hundred bhikkhus Great ingenuity by God as the leader refused to be expelled, gathered in the mountain tea, bring "contingent of the Great God" debate, dissent should do it in three sets, known under the name of sectarian grounds as seen above. summary, differentiation of the University they could schematic the following diagram:
Introduction
At the program's first year (see PHCB Volume 1), we has been introduced on the history of Buddha Shakyamuni, then we also have learned the basic tenets problem. Therefore, here we will learn a brief history of Buddhism in India after the Buddha's passing, tentatively called through three periods: the period of Theravada Buddhism (Theravada) Buddhism period sect (Abhidhamma), and Development of Buddhist era (Mahayana).
Content
Theravada Buddhist period (Theravada) is calculated from the time of the Buddha in the world to the time after his passing about a hundred years. As noted, the history of Buddha in the world stage, we have been learning in his history, so here are a few points to the peculiarities of the organization of the Church period Theravada and highlights the conference's first recital in history. I. Aspects of the Church organized the Buddha's time the Church had all four they are monks and nuns, laymen and laywomen; formation of the two components is ordained and lay. Church by founding Buddha, organize and direct operating; with great virtue and wisdom of His Church should be held ingenuity, as a unified organic body, always aims to cultivate liberation, enlightenment first. In particular, the sangha (monastic community of people) in the presence of many realizations of the Holy result (1). Church was organized on the basis of equality, respect for international law, uphold the wisdom of enlightenment; irrespective of social background, age and gender. Nevertheless, the Church still has a few monks discipline disobedient, intentionally divisive Church, as in the case of Devadatta, bhikkhus Qualified majority (Devadatta) - cousin of the Buddha - which uses data recorded ...; Externally, there are attacks of pagan aversion to the truth that the Buddha declared the policy of the Church and by his leadership, but the Church still holds purified and characterized harmony. Regarding the doctrine, Buddha was directly commanded his disciples. Any skepticism on the way to practice, his precepts ... are resolved in a particular way, apparently on the basis of wisdom that he has the experience, so there are no conflicts, no co-occurred in the Church in general and in particular Sangha. It can be said, the Church organized the Buddha is a complete organization, performance and homogeneous, every member of the spirit world to live in - the - wisdom, honored the Buddha's Enlightenment who have position great wisdom, is worthy of the heavens and the masters. Later the Buddha's passing, the Great Venerable Kashyapa (Maha Kassapa) instead of his Church leaders, increase in component Holy Church should present many characteristics characteristic of the Church, as mentioned above, is maintained until the recital Conference second, or about a hundred years after the Buddha's passing, new disagreements about discipline harsh, given to the division of church organizations. II- recital Conference first one) - Reason aggregation: After the Buddha's passing shortly, is the germ of the disagreement over his word gradually arose in the Church. This is no surprise, because the former Buddha in the world, teaching His word of mouth just were not written down; and measures which he said is legal uncertainty, depending on the base, the level of each person, group of persons ... are preaching method flexible, so the perception of content Dhamma disagreement is natural. In addition, when the news Buddha's passing, a bohemian bhikkhus rejoiced that from now on no longer bound by a reminder of the Buddha: "this should work", "other things not to do" Word has reached the ears ... Venerable Kashyapa University. Facing this reality, he came to fear that the Buddha Dhamma teaching can be distorted and destructive in the future, so venerable as head of the Buddha, was urgently summoned St. his disciples, the Buddha's teachings to review and strengthen the Sangha. After this, skeptics call this the first recital. 2) - The course and outcome: Meeting the first recital by the Venerable Kashyapa University policy, kings Asajatu (Ajatasatu) ruled Magadha (Maggadha) sponsors; held at Rajgir (Rajagaha), with an official attendance of five hundred Arhats chaired by Venerable Kashyapa University. Venerable Ananda (Ananda) in charge of the legal claim ownership, Ba Li Chun Pros author (Upali) state law litigation section. Have documented that the conference took place in the seven-month period ended. aggregation method is the same procedure with memory (2), not documented. What is the Arahat assertion, later recorded four Agama (Agama):
1 Business School Agama (Agama Digha)Content to review the words and teachings daily life of the Buddha and his disciples Scripture. At this conference aggregation, only economic and legal form organs. This is the scribe was seen as the most ancient documents record the Buddha's life and activities of the Church of his time on earth, is the ideological basis for the period of Theravada Buddhism.
2. Business Central Agama (Agama Majjhima)
3. Best Business Increase Agama (Agama Anguttara)
4. Doing Journal Agama (Agama Samyutta)
This conference, the The latter is also known as the "Five critical aggregation" (Conference recital of five hundred Arhats).
B. The period Buddhist sect Buddhist Period The mission here is used as the historical concept of divergence, only for the period starting place of the Church differentiation into two sets, then from two further classified and the formation of additional eighteen sects, or about the first hundred years Monday to Wednesday last hundred years after the Buddha's passing (second century after TL). During this period took place in the conference recital Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday. To track students means, first of all we will learn briefly about the conference next recital, then will go into the situation of the sectarian divide in a specific way. I. recital conference second third and fourth 1) - recital Conference Second: a / - Reason aggregation: Conference recital took place after the Second Conference the first episode is about a hundred years. The cause recital conference this time is due to a number of bhikkhus live in the city of Phe Xa Li (Vesali) proposed ten precepts that are not manufactured by the Buddha, but who themselves are legal. Ten include:
1. calm: salted food-night is still used.At that time, a senior monk called Yasa (Yasa), who traveled to Phe Xa Li (Vesali), witnessed a number of bhikkhus live by these things, he went to surprise public statement announced that ten of the above is totally illegal. Bhikkhus that his reaction to the venerable Yasa and forced to repent in public, but he came to disapprove of the overseas and fled Enjoy Di (Kosambi) and then canvassed the Sangha elders held conference recital to identify and address illegal Dharma.
2. Directive Net: noon to eat a little too, for a period of two and a sun ball fingers driver.
3. Capacitor communication net time: eating again if the other villages that have not midday.
4. parish office net: Where is dad slapped at it.
5. Tung the net: the decision was adopted, although the majority or minority, are effect.
6. Cuu net office: follow precedent habit is not contrary to international law.
7. Partial purification harmony: after noon, can be mixed with milk to drink.
8. Regardless net benefits above flood nuns : cushions without borders around, you can use larger size regulations.
9. glass: can be used wine to drink mixed with water in case of medical treatment.
10th. Kim Cash net: in case of need , bhikkhus can keep the money.
b / - The course and outcome: Meeting the recital brings together seven hundred monks, held at the café, Xa Li (Vesali A) for about eight months. The conference elected presiding monks convoy of eight, four and four in the West in the East. four position in the West include:
1 He Li Ba Da (Revata)Four in the East include:
2. Mr. Tam Phu Da (Sambhuta)
3. His Yasa (Yasa)
4. His Ma Tu Na (Sumana)
1 He Qu Tu Xa TI (Khujjasobhita)The purpose of the Conference of the second set is not simply assert that the ten (mentioned earlier) is illegal or legal but also to strengthen economic, Buddha's law, not to the pagan doctrines of tea mixed. On the "ten unlawful", the conference did not have a uniform opinion. A large number of bhikkhus not endorse that ten illegal went on to organize a conference to establish separate volume and mass of (Mahasamghika); Some elders said that the ten remaining entirely on the continued illegal recital work, then formed the monk (Theravada).
2. He Sa Liu (Satha)
3. His Bodhisattva She Aging Ni (Vasabhagami)
4. He abandoned all Mi (Sabhakami)
As such, it highlights recital Conference the second is marking the beginning of the division of the church organization . Church Sangha after the meeting, was officially divided into two sets with opposing views on discipline. Venerable comprising minority elders tend conservative mass comprising the majority of young bhikkhus tended radical. recital Conference Second, there is a place called "faction Xa Li (Vesali) aggregation "or" Failure department aggregation ". 2) - recital Conference for the third time: a / - Reason aggregation: Buddhism has been widely spread in many parts of the territory India. In particular, during the reign of Ashoka (Asoka), the Kings are devout Buddhists should be a huge incentive. Monks and nuns become large, including many who infiltrated opportunity Sangha and cause discord, therefore, Buddhism became chaotic, difficult to distinguish primary, evil. This is also the time when the sectarian divide to the extreme. To address this, the mind Ashoka was initiated and sponsored recital Conference for the third time in the history of Buddhism. b / - The course and outcome: Composition of the Conference This includes an elite thousand monks were recruited from across the country, under the presidency of the venerable Union disciples Section (Moggaliputta Tissa), held at the Lam Vien (Uyyana), Hoa Thi success (Pataliputta), under the Magadha (Maggadha), about 218 years after the Buddha's passing, or about 325 years before TL. The conference takes place uninterrupted for nine months. As more evidence the aggregation method is not unlike last time. After the conference, in addition to the economic aggregates and Vinaya, his disciples Section Union has developed the theory of the (Kathavatnu) to address differences between Buddhist and non-Buddhist doctrines, to refute the teachings of pagan contemporaries, eliminate chaos in the Sangha and reinforce the inherent purity of the Dharma. The highlight of the recital Conference for the third time was the first time, Tripitaka scriptures fully formed. 3) - Conference recital Fourth: Conference recital Fourth place on King Sac Ca Ka Ni (Kanishka). There are historical records of the age difference, but the most logical is about four hundred years after the Buddha's passing, here is the final stage of the sectarian divide period. a / - Reason aggregation: King Ca ni Sac Ca (Kanishka) is convinced Buddhist, interested in learning how doctrine. According to legend, every day the king has invited a monk preached on offer. However, each has its preacher interpretations disagree about the Buddha's teachings to the king was puzzled. Being a Bully hint of Venerable (Parsva), the king began to sponsorship Conference Center recital for the fourth time. b / - The course and outcome: Congress has selected five hundred scholars versed Holy Tripitaka teachers from across the country, due to his World Friendship (Vasamitra) as Junior and he chaired the Venerable Bully (Parsva) doing preside II. Conference held at his residence Complete Lam (Kundalavana Samgharama), water Kamistra. This conference was very thorough discussion meaningless as other issues of economic and law. The results of the conference aggregation, in addition to economic and Vinaya, the discussion was edited into three commentaries (Pros Ms. Thread Xa, Flawless Skin Flawless Nai and Ba Sa Abhidharma University Pipa Sa) consists of nine hundred and sixty thousand words (thirty thousand prose.) Ni Sac Ca Ca King ordered carved entire economic, legal, editorial comment after up on the copper foil, strictly preserved in a fixed place, who needs to read the study in place, absolutely not wear out. However, earlier this treasure is lost, only the relevant part of this discussion Abhidharma University Pipa Sa (Abhidharma Mahavibhasa sastra) that Xuanzang translated into Chinese, including two hundred copies. II. The division of the sect 1) - The cause of differentiation: The cause initial differentiation of sectarian many factors including, but can be categorized into two, which are the underlying causes and reasons directly. a / - The root cause: As we all know, is no statutory Dharma, depending on the base, the ability to recognize that there are disagreements about its interpretation. In Buddha's time, the disagreements were never his resolve peacefully. After his passing, no one can replace his role, and the seeds of dissent, division gradually grow up, become bitter and give to the sectarian divide. Additionally, the Buddha education more widely spread throughout the territory of India but not a center for Sangha - Church gathered, the Saints moved up by death, social circumstances have changed certain from the isolation that can lead to dissent, opposition even in the perception of the Buddha's teachings ... b / - The direct cause (main reason): According to historical accounts of traditional Buddhist Men the causes of the division of the Church into two sets and the Great Ven them is by the dissent of ten (illegal), as mentioned in recital Conference for the second time, about a hundred years after the Buddha's passing. documents Mahayana Buddhism, such as the concrete argument Asynchronous Comments (3), was written sometime between the second century after TL , then that's because of disagreement over the year the Great God that he (Mahadeva) (Five of the Great God) yet so the Church is divided into two sets and the Great Venerable we set. Five things that he initiated the Great God is summarized in the following verse:
"Outstanding Facility example, senseless,That is:
Hesitation, tha flexible integration,
Path's trying to start bar,
foot Market Buddhist identity "
(1) Tier Arhat spite cessation of all afflictions but as also flesh should still have physiological cellular phenomena of dreaming (sufficient balance) . (2) A La Han cessation of ignorance, but not must be learned everything in secular life (inanimate) . (3) Arhat but no longer hesitant about the path to liberation, but there are still hesitant about the harmless things, such as how is reasonable, what is not (Hesitantly) . (4) There have attained Arhat Buddhist or sometimes through instruction level chief knew that I had discovered (tha spiritual import) . (5 ) Arhat also thanks to the sound Gnostic teachings, including the doctrine of suffering and hard coal (Path bar staff tried to start) .And the Great God for him so completely true to the Dharma (Buddhist feet Thi list) .
reality in which he stated that the Great God in order to compare results and Arhat Buddha, his notion that only New Buddha is perfect, but still Arhat defects. This concept has sparked disagreement. Group approved the establishment of the University them, opposition groups formed the Ven. traditional views Nam said that the source of the Church's divergence from the disagreement about "ten unlawful", so is any Council of virtue; meanwhile, the Mahayana viewpoint that the cause is from the opposite perspective of "contingent of the Great God", and here is disagreement about doctrine. Overall, the direct cause of the divergence Church, originally due to disagreement on the application is better suited precepts; there are disagreements in doctrinal views, namely through the "ranks of the Great God" must also covertly, then a new outbreak. Later, when we set and Upper Bound of the division is more the figure, it comes from many different causes, namely how will mention in the next section. 2) - Evolution of the distribution and characteristics of the teachings of the sect: On dating show out of the sectarian divide, there are now two main bases. According to historical documents, the traditional Buddhist South differentiation of both sects took place after the Buddha's about a hundred years to more than two hundred years. Using data Mahayana Buddhism are recognized: the mass of the sectarian divide between after Buddha's passing from one hundred to two hundred years; dating the sectarian divide between the Venerable place later, after the Buddha's range from two hundred to three hundred and five years. terms of sects, there are many evidences: some places say 24 all sects, where burn is only 18 or 20-sectarian sect, and denomination also sometimes disagree. Here, based on concrete Hetero Comments (4) unity of all sects of twenty (20). a / - The divide between them the Great: Great we have the internal differentiation occurs first . As we all know, the Great they tend progressives, liberals should always have internal germ of differentiation, especially when new problems arise. Bound Center lecture we set the Exposed at the National Soap (Amgotara), located in Central India. Great we have four times the division, ahead after nine sets, including the original. According to the first three arguments clam bar suspension means paying God His Truth (5), the mass while the prevailing ideology of the sutras as the Flower Adornment Sutra, Nirvana, Wins Man, Wei Ma, Kim Quang Minh, Bat Nha ..., even in internal consulting support but also the reaction of disagreement, and the result is here, from the University we have differentiated and formed three new Best of the theory, Lecture that the production and the people's livelihood. * Most theories of (Ekavyavaharikah) held that the legal world and made the world are pretending, no entity. * Lokottaravàdis (Lokottaravadinah), the worldly conception is due to the delusion that there is, that's delusion born afflictions, that negativity created by the industry, by the way feel now that retribution. So from that idea so crazy that there are worldly falsehoods and pretense. This sectarian law only recognizes the real new world out there, because it arises from the circumstances and the true position. * Page Cattles (Kankkutikah) a combination of the enhanced speech organs. They say experience is visceral and Vinaya the Buddha's teachings by means of radical theory of option, only new organ argument is true doctrine because it explains the meaning of business and law. Activity divergence second from Great we set out to establish a division again as the majority text (Bahusrutiyah), by Mr. Self Care Packaging (Yajnavalkya) initiative. According to legend, the Buddha Self Care Packaging hermit effect after monastic Buddhism, attained Arhat, then at Snow Mountain retreat. About two hundred years after the Buddha's appearance at the National Soap Exposed - the center of mass contemporaries - the preacher who heard the teachings of Tripitaka with crude should he established in recognition of the majority cultural significance of profound dharma. Most of the literature does not agree with the policy of the University that we all are Buddha's sermon, which ranks the opinion of warm (impermanence, suffering, not, selflessness and Nirvana) and the Eightfold Path new sermon; Other teachings of the Buddha is only holy teachings, of the legal world. theory pretend (Prajnaptivadinah) is the result of the fourth division of the University them, because he fought Dai Ca (Mahakatyayana) water in the Great Da Lat (Maharattha) established. Notes to pretend stance is distinguished Catholic saints include multiple levels: by Buddha emulator theory, theory true, mean relative absolute sense; the worldly and world output are partly hypothetical. Activity divergence fourth from the University they split and formed three sets of Che multi-coating (Caityasailah), resident of Western painting (Aparasailah) and residents of northern painting (Uttarasailah). The cause of this divergence is, the end of the second hundred years of Buddha's, University of incentives we should have more pagan infiltrated the ranks of the Sangha, which is not smooth at the Tam study classic organ. When this set of organized screening to weed out the component mass, there was a group of about three hundred bhikkhus Great ingenuity by God as the leader refused to be expelled, gathered in the mountain tea, bring "contingent of the Great God" debate, dissent should do it in three sets, known under the name of sectarian grounds as seen above. summary, differentiation of the University they could schematic the following diagram:
Great we set |
1 Most theories of |
Divergence times I |
2 Lokottaravàdis | ||
Page 3 of the whipped | ||
4 Most of the literature |
Fertilizers II | |
5 Notes to pretend |
Divergence times III | |
6 Processing of multi-coating |
Divergence times IV | |
7 residents of Western painting | ||
8 BacSon resident of |
b / - The divide between the Venerable: While our University of differentiation takes place, the monk sets, with conservative tendencies, seriously lineage should remain harmonious and homogeneous. However, under the impact of their divergence from the University as well as the change of social conditions, the first hundred years after the Buddha's Tuesday, the Venerable internal disagreements arise Three perspectives on organ and begin the process of differentiation. A total of eight divisions all, formed a ten (including the original: Ven = Snow paints the sets). , as we have said, the Venerable respected advocate of the Tibetan plateau that disregard the law and Comments organs. Because the concept of law is due to Buddhist custom house mechanism, the only conclusion to interpret and often go beyond the law to the facts of the Buddha's teachings, only learned of the Tibetan plateau is the same, is the basis of all regulated . But the first hundred years after the Buddha's Tuesday, this notion is no longer in sectarian consensus. In the Venerable members of a group-oriented speculative reasoning, his prominent than the Ni Tu Ca Da Forum (Katyayaniputra), advocating organ arguments, disagreements over who should be the group split from the monk and founded the theory necessarily organic (Saivastivadah), referred to as the Friends, and the other is called the theory of human (Hetuvadah). The property immediately after the establishment of huge bar, completely occupy the base of the stem and Ven gradually weakened, moved to Snow base paint and then manually renamed the Snow Paint (Haimavatah) but, in fact, the content of Ven. Basic Characteristics of Organic tenet is the notion that all the measures are actually useful. From Friends of the division and the establishment of additional reading from the (Vatsipatriyali). Read from (Vatsiputra) is the name of the owner of his disciples Rahula (Lahula), Rahula a student of Sariputra (Sariputra). The ministry is advocating organ argument, but the difference with Friends is only based on the French aggregates sufficiency argument Legend of the composer Sariputra. then, inasmuch as the dissent in the interpretation of a verses speak of four Holy result (6) in the conclusion of Sariputra, have used the economic point of adding additional meaning to the verse that reads from the back division and sectarian establish four stand- France sets up Shanghai (Dharmottariyah), resident of Hien (Dhadrayaniyah), director of the volume (Sammitiyah) and paint the Secret Forest (Sandagirikah). In addition to the points of disagreement in the interpretation of the verse as noted above, four of the schools had a common definition is still the same enhanced speech organs. following the Buddha's Around three hundred years, from the distribution Friendship Chemical and establish a more sectarian as the Earth turns (Mahisarakah). New this sect sectarian established name in the name of all (Chemistry Earth), he is a former Chemistry Earth Brahmins four Vedic understanding, then ordained according to the Organic and enlightened Arahat, he often manipulate voters advertisement shows his knowledge to explain the Buddha's teachings and are a group of people agree, so detached from the Friends and establish a separate sect. From Chemistry cadastral division continues, the more French Organ (Dharmaguptakah ). French Organ (Dharmaguptaka) is the name of the owner, said the disciple of Venerable Moggallana (Moggallana). When Venerable Moggallana students money, according to his teacher and he often heard preaching Venerable. After his teacher passed away, he had a memory aggregation teachings and organs are divided into five business, law, reasoning, attention and Bodhisattvas organs. He is the owner of a number of supporters in Chemistry Earth and then separated into an independent sect. Huu sets, the latter still continues to divide twice more. In the ranks of Being a bhikkhus attained Arhat called Cuisine Quang (Kasyapa), one day he announced that Buddhist teachings have boiled down to two categories: an antidote to negativity, and one is to indicate the instability of the pagan doctrine. He Cuisine Quang many followers, and established the Optical Cuisine (Kasyapiyah), take him to name names for the sect. During the Organic arose a new perspective of the Tibetan plateau is considered grounds the most important doctrines, such as Venerable stance of the past, this also means that conflicts with the Friends, which established an independent sect named Business of the volume (Sautrantikah) or also known as the theory of transfer (Samkrantivadah ). This is the last division of the system of Ven. summary, the progression of differentiation from the sectarian monk sets can be summarized in the following scheme:
The Venerable |
1 Notes to the most useful theories, (Friends of) |
3 read from the (II) |
4 upstream of France (III) |
5 Hien Head of (III) | |||
6 Chief of the amount of (III) | |||
7 Secret Forest of paint (III) | |||
8 Chemistry cadastral (IV) |
9 France ttang the (V) | ||
Humidity of 10 optical (VI) |
| ||
11 Economic amount of (VII) | |||
2 Snow paint sets |
|
|
(I, II, III ... VII is a symbol of the division of time)
c / - Characteristics of the teachings of the sect: From disagreements about discipline (approval and disapproval of the "ten unlawful"), the Church has been segmented into two, the monk and the University we set. On the basis of differences in the congregational organization, in addition to the similarities in the basic tenets problem, two sets in gradually formed a number of differences in perceptions about things, spiritual practice, the realization results ... Looking broadly, as mentioned earlier, both radios y on the original teachings; however, the Venerable conservatives tend to respect international law and respect the traditions and all efforts to retain traditional values, it is somewhat heavy on the form; The University they tend radical, highly intellectual, somewhat more emphasis is ideal rules inherent in traditional, especially in the organization of regulation congregation. Similarities and differences are relatively subtle and complex, can not say specifically here, because very long line, but only briefly features such mental. Please send a single example: both sets and the Great Venerable we are taking the teachings of the Four Noble Truths as a basis, but not different in emphasis at the four factors of the teachings. Ven it emphasizes the Noble Truth of Suffering and The Empire, ie the deliberate taking real world as the focus; Great teaching them the meaning of the Act emphasizes Kill sole and insole, ie mean seriously ... ideal world Organizationally, after differentiation, the monk and the mass formed as the two systems systems. However, in the teachings of the sect are not simply inherited and promoted within the framework of the two systems on. The fact that is that sectarian division of the University, but teaching them that much in common with the teachings of the monk, and vice versa, there are some sectarian divide between Catholic monk but redefine the them closer to the University, or sectarian fusion and develop attitudes that are very specific teachings ... That was the case with the majority text, they are differentiated from the University but is largely doctrine Being similar to the; or as the Earth turns, the Tibetan France, Cuisine Quang belong to the Catholic monk, but that is the most close to the University we ... For comparison and analysis of the characteristics of the sectarian doctrine, the Buddhist Studies was divided into twenty-sectarian system, as the system mass, Friends of the system, read from the system, the system Trading volume and eclectic system (the sect of the image effects of the sectarian teachings other than the original). Including reading from the system and the amount of disseminated Doing some very specific doctrine and ideology closely with Development of Buddhism (Mahayana) later. Typical presentation "Real ability organ theory" (7) of the doctrine reads from "seed outflow" (8), "Victory means ego" of Doing amount of (9). general, Buddhist thought during the sectarian divide is "rich in complexity theory". In terms of ideology, it contributes to Buddhist thought more abundant and bulky, so the sects are efforts to promote, develop a part of the Dharma, the difference is only in terms of getting formula. However, historical documents about this period is quite rare. Forums such, the historical sources has sometimes disagree about chronology and cause differentiation, probably due to limitations derived from the concept. The above is just a brief definition of the causes, processes and divergence characteristics of the sectarian teachings. noteworthy that for several hundred years, during and after the fertilizer division, although there disagreement of opinion, but not any riots happened to oppress the opposition and to commend the sectarian prestige. Thus speaks of the characteristics of Buddhism is freedom of thought . This is evident in the Buddhist sect period. On the other hand, after its inception, the mission must endeavor to promote ideas to maintain their position. The effort that has resulted is a literary system Avici Dam (Abhidhamma) have formed, notably treasure commentary and Friends of the Ven. III. Buddhist dynasty Ashoka (Asoka) to the reign of King Sac Ca Ca Ni (Kanishka) 1) - The role of Ashoka in spreading Buddhism: Ashoka (reigned 269-232 before TL, more than two hundred years after the Buddha's) who has united India, nation building became mighty in all aspects. The king's leaders have applied Buddhist ethics on the line and rule policy, and at the same time, Ashoka is a great director Buddhist households most in history, especially the history of the introduction Buddhism beyond India. After the bloody war, whether glorious victory, but the king realized something vital is the source of happiness, human values are not outside that is located on the main individual himself. From a fierce king, king Asoka Buddhist refuge and became a fervent Buddhists upholding Buddhism, was hailed as a historic Beings his greatest military in the history of India. Claiming that Buddhists, the king was personally venerate the relics, and in every important place, the king are the pillar erected to commemorate the Buddha. The stone pillars and edicts carved on it later is a valuable archaeological evidence to help us understand more about the Buddha and the history of this period. Conscious practical value of Buddhist thought in the construction of society, the country long term, Ashoka actively disseminate Buddhist thought not only throughout the territory of India, but also outside the country, sending missionaries to Greece, Egypt , the countries of the Mediterranean region, Ceylon (Sri Lanka) ... makes the world knows about Buddhism and Buddhism became one of the religious, ideological humanity's great. One of the missionaries sent there by the king of the union prince Mahinda, brought after the classic was compiled in the conference for the second time, by the king and patron organizations, to Ceylon (Sri Lanka) for later This is the classic collection of Pali here, considered as a basis for writing Holy Catholic Tripitaka oldest now. Having a thing can not forget the reign of King Asoka Buddhist division met at can say that to the extreme, however, we still do not see the king on the intervention of the sectarian divide, nor king attitude any sectarian bias. Characteristics moral King we encourage people to practice the middle path, away from the extremes. Policy rule of the king is open, unbiased Buddhist or not Buddhist ... In short, Buddhism in the reign of King Asoka strong development. Buddhism spread not only throughout the territory, but also spread to Greece, Egypt, Syria and most of the eastern part of the Mediterranean coast; Aparantaka countries, Kamboja of northern India; Pulinda, Bhoja, Pitinika, Andhra, Cola, Pandya, and Sri Lanka (Tambapanni) south Indian territory ... 2) - Buddhism following the reign of King Asoka: After the death of Asoka (circa 232 before TL), the successor largely believed in Brahmanism and Buddhism Jainism should not be preferential, protective as ever. Around the beginning of the second century before TL, martial minister named David Additional Sa Password (Pusyamitra) usurped the throne and founded a new dynasty is Sunga. Pusyamitra are devout Brahmanical and Buddhist persecution. The next monarch believed Brahmin beliefs, so Buddhism in Central India, where the power of the dominant dynasty, weakened; however, in the northern West Indies and India, Buddhism continues to grow, there are many high-level intelligence traveled. During this period a series of special leave relics of Buddhist architecture. In addition to thousands of home security is closely Ashoka built everywhere to worship Buddha, is still preserved imprints of this era through works such as Buddhist stupas in Deer Park (Deer Park), Bodh Gaya , the Ellora, Ajanta (dating from the second century before TL) ... 3) - Buddhist dynasties Sac Ca Na Ni (Kanishka): King Sac Ca Ca Ni (Kanishka) ruled India after the King A Education about three hundred years (ie early second century after TL). King is a Buddhist grave, his merits for Buddhism in roughly comparable with Ashoka. dynasty Kanishka have very powerful forces, conquered into a number of regions of the Later Han as Kashgar, Varkand, Khotan ... Using data recorded that, in the sect, the Friends king Kanishka more popular. Buddhist merit holder of the king is recorded through the initiation, sponsorship and for carving documented in the Tripitaka compiled Conference Fourth, as mentioned in the previous section. During his reign the King has built many Buddhist structures like stupas on the relics worship around the country. During the thirty years of the reign of Kanishka, as the holder of the territorial supremacy of the country, Buddhism has developed a very strong, is not inferior to the previous Ashoka. However, after the reign of King Sac Ca Ca Ni, with the backing dynasty, which dynasty are all chains, the Buddhist downs, according to historical variability; but at least developers can not be compared with such far-reaching influence in the reign of King Ashoka and Ni Sac Ca Ca
C. Development Period Buddhism (Mahayana) I. The concept of negative word translated Chinese-Vietnamese Mahayana Mahayana is often understood as the chariot (legal) large. This term may appear around the first century before the TL, but the third century after the new TL is defined through the works of Nagarjuna (Nagarjuna) with no legal stance of self- invariance (emptiness). Great Vehicle (Mahayana) also meant only for ideas crest, sublime, profound ... The term Mahayana (Great Vehicle) is often accompanied with Hinayana (Theravada) that often distinguish two practice methods : selfish, just for the sake of personal liberation (Theravada) and forgiveness, deliverance and help people liberate themselves (Mahayana). The researchers pointed out that Buddhism is a mistake. Mahayana concept show tendencies of thought developed into a selfless abstruse philosophical systems, perfect, tight. At this point, called "Development of Buddhist period" is only for that period of history from the concept flourishing, spread widely and become the most prominent ideas of Buddhism, ranging from early third century to the end of the eighth century after TL. II- ideological origins of Mahayana Buddhism ( Mahayana) Say unequivocally that the Mahayana Buddhist thought to the time the Buddha. During The Buddhist sect, thought this was a relatively unknown form of mass and mixed in the teachings of other sects. Before Nagarjuna (Nagarjuna) has increased propagate the Holy Mahayana Buddhism as Nagasena Bhikkhu (Nagasenna), his World Friendship (Vasumitra), Ma Ming (Asvaghosa) ... mainly in North India. As we have repeatedly mentioned, before the third century after TL, ie before the age of Nagarjuna, the sutras of Mahayana important as Prajna (Prajnaparamita Sutra), Hua-yen (Gandavyuha), Vimalakirti ( Vimalakirtinirdesa Sutra), The Mausoleum samadhi (samadhi Surangama sutra), Lotus Sculpture (Saddharma Pundarika sutra) and some texts of the Pure Land thought was common, especially in South India and East India and especially is in northern India, where heavily influenced by the Great them. however, not until the age of Nagarjuna, new ideas flourished ever before. This idea was soon also create a huge impact on the other ideologies, not only domestically but also spread and appropriate for countries like China, Japan, Korea, Tibet, Vietnam Male ... even when introduced. On the doctrine, the ideas on nothing more than the further development and abundant system of Theravada Buddhist teachings; and the bodhisattva ideal, it can be said, is a trend, mode "socialization" of Buddhism to suit the changes of the times. now, we will learn the history of Buddhism through the time associated with the names of the famous logician, typical of the period. III-era Buddhist Nagarjuna 1) - Aspects of Nagarjuna: Talking to Buddhist Development ( Mahayana), first of all, people often mention the name of Nagarjuna, because he was instrumental in the economic annotated and codified the basic teachings and propagate this idea very positive. He was born at the beginning of the third century after TL, or about seven hundred years after the Buddha's passing, descended from Brahmins in South India, extraordinary innate intelligence; before him practicing pagan, then Buddhism, understanding the doctrine. He is the author of several well-known treatises such as China Quan, Dai Tri NW, spleen and she sa ... Cross office , totaling over thirteen sets, annotations Uncivil, France, United, States are strictly ... 2 ) - Nagarjuna's Thought: Do scholarly fields, authored many treatises explaining the business, so his ideas are more important as the Pure Land sect, Huayan, Madhyamika Tam ... The founder is honored. However, it is possible to realize his ideas are mainstream philosophical emptiness is presented through the timeless argument Middle Way , roughly as "All things are not-self or not . To reach the end of suffering , need to realize the moral is not that. Nirvana is emptiness (non-self). " After Nagarjuna, with prominent figures as Devadatta (Deva) - His disciples - and Rahula Bat David La (Rahula Bhadra) - his students Devadatta. Devadatta He is also the South Indian, born around the end of the third century after TL. He was extraordinary, eloquent, often sending goods for pagan teachings and everywhere else. Some historical sources said later that he was harmed by heathens. His heir Devadatta and promote ideas of his teacher, based on the stance Madhyamarg to write the conclusion to build a system of close reasoning aims to "break the evil main display". His Bat Da La Rahula also born around the end of the third century after TL, the Central India, continued his career writing annotated commentary Madhyamarg , but his works are now lost . Mahayana Buddhist thought developed by Nagarjuna widely spread in South India, tends to develop in central India, have greatly influenced contemporary. IV- Buddhist era Asanga ( Asanga) and The Body (Vasubandhu) 1) - The trade appeared after Nagarjuna: Nagarjuna After college and before the brothers Asanga and Vasubandhu was born, then there are a number of economic formation and are relatively widely spread as economic ideology Man Wins organ Tathagata (Buddha nature)-centered; Mahaparinirvana economic explanations of French permanent body, all beings have Buddha nature and Buddha Best Xien Threads; economic Lankavatara (Lankavatara) with prominent tenet Tathagata organs and skin to form A; Business Solutions Shenzhen Password ideology as a basis for informal learning areas only ... 2) - Aspects of Asanga and Vasubandhu: According to multiple sources, the Asanga and Vasubandhu were brothers and mother another father, Nagarjuna was born after more than a hundred years, or about the end of the fourth century after TL. Vasubandhu's bigger brother Asanga twenties. Asanga he had believed in Brahmanism, according Friends later became the classic study and Mahayana Buddhism and spread positive thoughts . According to legend, he had been listening to him for Maitreya Bodhisattva (Maitreya) lecture in heaven pain Power (Tusit) (?). He is the person who writes the opinion, in which classified into two: one, because he narrates the Maitreya Bodhisattva; and one, composed by himself. Vasubandhu was originally ordained according to the Organic, mark it left via the comment sentence Xa famous synthesis of the teachings of this sect; later he advised, he switched to study and propagate positive ideas Mahayana Buddhism. He was a brilliant mind, the author of a thousand treatises, was dubbed the "God of the commentator," of which the commentary as the basis of consciousness-only school sector, as the value works "classics", such as consciousness-only gathering tam litigation, the legal department Mahayana intelligent reasoning subjects, Abhidharma Kosa ... Asanga He died at the age of seventy-six, and the life Vasubandhu to eight fifty years old. The annotated classic works of both him, along with his Maitreya, is the immortal treatise, very important in the history of Buddhism. 3) - Characteristics thoughts Asanga and Vasubandhu: For Asanga, most of his writings in order to justify thinking "Who da origination" (Origination argument), ie legal entities in the world are not beyond human consciousness that, and roots sources for the existence of the law is to form a skin (eighth - Alaya). Particularly with the logician God, because He is a mindedness should show his ideas are as varied; however, basically, since he switched to studying Mahayana Buddhist sutras, the thoughts of His stance is similar to Asanga, that is also under "Origination comment." Justice thought by the brothers Asanga, Vasubandhu mainly developed primarily popular in North India, there is a growing trend spread to the south. V. The formation of the modern and flourishing forest accomplice Nalanda ( Nalanda) - centers of the Buddhist era Development 1) - The formation of two systems of Buddhist thought big: Thought by Nagarjuna and brother Asanga, Vasubandhu soon developed into two system of Buddhist thought at the time, was the Madhyamakas and Yogacara schools . cases Madhyamakas of "It's general argument", initiated by Nagarjuna, comes from South India gradually spreads downward South. After his Devadatta (Deva) and Da La La virtually La Bat (Rahula Badhra), from the fourth century onwards have excellent logician have inherited and promoted as they Thanh Section (Pingala), Buddhapalita ( Buddhapalita); TL VI century after he left the bar with steps (Bhavaviveka), Quang Tri, Moon Worthy (Candrakirti) ... positive spread, making this school is flourishing, with an important place in Buddhism. In early seventh century to have his TL Lion Quang Thang Quang Tri Ho ... continue to uphold and propagate ideas Madhyamarg . Yogacara School of "dependent origination argument", because he I logician Asanga and Vasubandhu initiated, originating from northern India and then spread to the south. After the age of Asanga and Vasubandhu about two hundred years (ie, about the sixth century after TL, this school ranks appear more talented as his commentator Body Wins (Bandhusri), Fire Measures (Citrabhana), Germany Property (Gunamati), Chen Na (Dignaga), An Insight (Sthiramati) ... Next to have him as Dharma protectors (Dharmapala), World Hien (Silabhadra) - the teacher has direct knowledge taught school for Hsuan Wei Thanh's at the Nalanda page ... of this school is not inferior to the Madhyamakas. 2) - Forest University accomplice Nalanda (Nalanda) - intersections where convergence essence of Buddhism 's Nalanda a "monastic institution" unique in history, located in the northern Rajgir (Rajagaha, now Rajgir), of Central India. Can Nalanda built in the late fifth century after TL. In his memoir, Xuanzang recorded that, when coming here (the first half of the seventh century after TL), the Nalanda University was an accomplice scale forestry; Mr. Yi Jing (late seventh century after TL) is described Nalanda had eight institutes, three hundred rooms, magnificent architecture, majestic ... that particular location, Nalanda was the meeting place of the two systems of thought from the North and from the South passed; This became the gathering place of the list increases, eminent Buddhist scholars of the time. Using data recorded that, where every day there are thousands of studies, research and practice. Regulation recruited Nalanda is very strict. So, who studied at Nalanda, after completion of the program, have become the prestigious Buddhist scholars. Nalanda became a center of Buddhism, especially in terms of academics, the India. This is where quality education, and a "forum" for dialogue between Buddhist thought and of Buddhism and other ideas for several hundred years. VI- Buddhism from his time to his Dinnaga About Hien 1) - Buddhist Dinnaga his time (Dignaga): He is the South Indian Dinnaga, born in the late fifth century after TL. He is the person who has learned all aspects of Buddhist teachings. Featured in Him is the quintessence of the field of philosophical logic, India, converted to the new principles, building the foundation for Buddhist logic. Of thought, he inherited ideology of Asanga and Vasubandhu, the stance of "dependent origination comment." he wrote Dinnaga many treatises, especially the Union's main argument for the goal , but after He is the disciple of Dharmapala wrote notes and compose some additional commentary makes Human illustrated (= logic or logic learning) becomes an important field of Buddhist studies. 2 ) - Buddhist Bhavaviveka his time (Bhavaviveka): He is the heir Bhavaviveka and promote ideas of Nagarjuna. He was a South Indian, lived in the second half of the sixth century after TL. Bhavaviveka mastered not only the Buddhist teachings but also to understand some of the teachings of pagan sects especially the number of arguments. He has written many commentaries to elucidate further the thought of Nagarjuna in Madhyamarg . , he would spread the chemical in nuoac Dhanakataka, southern India. 3) - Buddhism in his time Dharma protectors (Dharmapala) : He has studied French households Duy Tran Na knowledge and learn from him as his contemporaries About Hien. As for school, he went to Nalanda to study, and soon after, became a scholar of contemporary Buddhist. He is the author of several treatises as only The knowledge, The only sure method of birth ... to annotate the content of the commentary Vasubandhu, Chen Na ... highlights were the only Member epistemology , textures the legal reasoning Three decades of the world body he became one of the key works of the Consciousness-Only school. According to the legend, twenty-nine years old, he left Nalanda and to retreat at the Mahabodhi temple, He died when he was very young, only thirty-two years old. However, the imprint of his left, through the conclusion, on the history of Buddhism is very important. 4) - Buddhism in his time Tri Quang Hien and Gender: Contributions are Jnanaprabha appreciated in the classification of the entire Buddhist teachings in three positions, sorted from low to high: (1) "Organic Heart Catholic scene" (the idea that the mind and the scenes are actually available) that includes teacher original and sect; (2) establish the "Center property not religious context" (the mind but not the actual scene) that includes teacher Asanga, Vasubandhu undertakings; and (3) "does not mind the religious context" (mind and sight are not really there) includes teachings from Nagarjuna initiated. This is a classification perspective teachings (religious judge) first in history. To respond to his point of view and to commend Tri Quang Duy informal learning doctrine, he About Hien raised a new theory of classification . He said that the doctrine also includes three levels: (1) "Being Catholic" includes the original teachings and sects; (2) "No education" is Nagarjuna's teachings, in an intermediate position; and (3) the "Chinese religion" includes teachings by Asanga and Vasubandhu initiated at the highest position. studied Duy Hien Him About His knowledge of French households and became a commentator on higher education this field.
After the Buddha's passing (*), Buddhism has a great influence on society and increasingly widely spread on the territory of South India as well as outside the country, especially in age Ashoka (Asoka). The doctrine taught by the Buddha, as "finger pointing to the moon," is only a means to come to the realization of the individual, which is not rigid, dogmatic, so the perception disagreement about words Buddha (business, law) is granted. Theravada Buddhist period, the Church Sangha including increasing majority of Saints; moreover, during this period, the boundaries of Buddhism spread also narrowed, only parts of the central belt of Europe from India, there is a relatively close relationship should not have disagreements stiff happen. Later the Buddha's about a hundred years, the geographic boundaries of Buddhism spread wide open, due to differences in culture along with changes in social conditions that led to the rift severe cognitive Buddhist teachings and Buddhist fragmented into several (20) of the opposite sex. As mentioned before, this time, the situation becomes more complex Buddhist organization, as well as in the interpretation of doctrine; however, differentiation is none other than to adapt to survive, in terms of ideology, it makes more rich Buddhist. The highlight of this period was the great contribution of Asoka to Buddhism, especially in spreading the Dharma career and archeology - history. Thanks to the celebration of the missionary envoys travel to distant countries, where we can have water, which is conditional Buddhism soon became a religion, humanity's great thinkers; also thanks to the stone pillar built by the king at the holy sites helped a lot in determining the age of the Buddha history. From about the first century before TL, ideas Mahayana Buddhism (Mahayana) manic and to start the third century after TL, Nagarjuna time, it flourished, opening up Buddhist Development. This period appears more prominent commentator levels, especially the formation of the Center for Buddhist Nalanda in Bihar. Thanks to Nalanda Buddhist development in this period was completed, forming the separate fields of expertise. divergence Buddhist history into three periods is relative. For example, during the development of Buddhism, the sect still exist alongside Mahayana system of thought and we will of course have an impact through together ... Looking Essential Buddhism in India after Buddha's time, there are always variations, ups and downs. This is a vivid expression and practical Buddhism - a living body composed of mechanical properties indenture, contract time and contract, thereby mobilizing to adapt is an essential truth. Evolution through three periods of Buddhism in India has shown that. However, the core issue is essentially unchanged teachings, sometimes seemingly complex fertilizers but only a process consistently and continuously, without interruption or abrupt deviations. Over This lesson, hoping to help the students with an overview, a brief historical homeland of Buddhism Sakyamuni Buddha. In the next section, students will be introduced to the history of Buddhism in China and Vietnam with the evidence closely, more intimately with us. END=VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY=THICH CHAN TANH.THE MIND OF ENLIGHTMENT.WORLD VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST ORDER=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=GOLDEN LOTUS MONASTERY=THE EIGHTFOLD PATH.NAM MO SAKYA MUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.16/10/2014. Conclusion
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