WHAT HAS ties us.
 The thing that binds us? What in this life has led us to hold on to it so much? The answer would be: the "world". For these words Buddhism includes all: not only is it the world of man, but of celestial beings, gods, animals, demons of hell, hungry ghosts, saints and all All other existing fields.
 It's hard to know what this vast world is, because there are some forms that we can not see; Usually we only see what appears on the face, there is the outer wall composed of all things relative truth contact with average intelligence of humans. Because of this reason that Buddhism has to teach us about a "world" includes whole all areas.
 According to his teachings, the Buddha divided the world into two: the material world or the world of physical and non-material-physical or mental. Then he re-dividing the world into four mental, so if you bring the physical world that is added will have five components all and Buddha referred to as "the first year composition" (the five aggregates) . In the discussion of the world below, we will be particularly interested in the world of the living creatures entail (possibly referred to as "beings" or "bring sensual beings", but a some Vietnamese books are wrong call as "sentient beings"!) and among them will be special emphasis on people, because it is the world that is causing all the problems. Five components are just told where human existence: the physical body of man is the material structure, the human mind consists of four of the remaining structures (so should understand word "world" are aggregates of primary her and all the other phenomena of this world) .
 The former structure of the mind is the sense of feeling ( vedana - receptors ), this structure can include three types: interest or satisfaction, discomfort or unhappiness, and neutral feeling unpleasant news nor difficult subject, however there is also a sensual form. In normal times, sensual always appeared to us, so we are always overwhelmed by sensual, that's why the Buddhist view sensual as one of the components that make up the human mind .
 The second structure of the mind is the perception ( Sanna - idea ), there is a process to help helps aware surrounding context, roughly the same as waking, which totally contradicts the time sleeping or death. That process requires both memory and sensual knowledge, and therefore it includes sensual at the same time the initial (in the current case) generated by the contact of an object with the eyes, ears , nose, tongue or body and the sensual memories had in the past. So we can directly identify the color, size, category ... of an object, and also aware of the characteristics that has happened before by receding into the past thanks in memory.
 The third structure of the mind is thinking positive ( Sankhara - executive, ie the expression, volition ... ), there is the idea that we would do something or say something, maybe there is a thinking nature good or bad, the only thing standard thinking, proactive nature.
 The fourth structure is sensual knowledge ( āna - form ), it is the function of the mind to help identify (aware, understand) the objects of sense - that is visual, auditory , smell, taste, and touch (the collision with the body) ... and by all the mind again (that means an understanding arising from the coordination between what felt from sensual bodies and knowledge - consciousness) .
 Four minutes of that structure and the physical body section provides the basis for the four categories of attachment has been presented in Chapter IV. It is best to stop here to read the fourth chapter to learn how truly savvy cling four categories. And we will understand that the first year of the above structure has as object the medium as a basis for the attachment and the fear of me. We tend to identify themselves with him through the structure, and depending on the extent of his ignorance that we will identify themselves upon the structure of any of the first year that structure. For example one child should suffer from banging his head on a door, which he kicked the door a wreak angry and feel less pain. In other words, this is the way it see the door as a "man", although it was just a completely physical entity, was clinging to a rank of the most simple. Meanwhile, for an adult, when rage against his body, then he is likely to tip his hand on his head, that's how he self-identifies himself through his own body, relative Like baby look like a door body outside the body that made it painful.
 For a little smarter one is known to identify themselves through their sense of touch, the feel of her against objects, his thinking and his sensual knowledge, however he still each profile can not distinguish where one and only knew his identity based on those things overall.
 Also cases identify themselves through the physical body as above, it is easy to generate a tendency to identify themselves through sensual , sensual though for that kind of pleasant, painful or neutral. For example one case was conquered by the sensual extremely interesting, such as the amazing things to bring a variety of color, form, sound, scent, taste sweet, soothing touch makes you faint blankly from the soul to the body. In that case will bring personality sensual delight, and excitement arises from the feeling that will make them cling to. Usually people identify themselves through their sense of touch, and it also is not very difficult to understand because all of them sensual love pleasant things, especially for tactile, ie is the sense of feeling arising from the collision of the skin. Ignorance and illusion makes us blind makes us just see the object of pleasure to linger on them and to call it the "I". Sensual, excited or upset though, are a true basis of suffering. On the spiritual side, you can tell that he meant sensual suffering because it only brings sadness to the mind: the interest has been assaulted, the discomfort is damnation it. Originally, however, happiness or grief, all forms are just vibrations of the mind only, we do for the mind to spinning like a gyroscope. What medium is presented by clinging to identify themselves through sensual.
 We need to understand very thorough process over here. If the mind is capable of recognizing sensual merely an object of attachment, it will liberate themselves easily. Habits often stand out the command sensual consciousness, it attracts us into situations where we have to regret later. Buddha has outlined the path that will help us achieve perfection (or fullness can immediately taste the form of Arhat) , and along the way he always vigilant we must know the true observation careful study and understand the phenomena upon the sensual. It should be understood that there are many people to overcome suffering and achieve perfection by the sensual consciousness just a mere object of the opinion sá t (see the sensual as what "outside "and does not recognize them as" I "or the" my ") .
 Dangerous sensual than anything else right profile, because it can become the basis for our clinging, simple reason is because all the stir and all our actions are directed in sensual as a best initial purpose. We are trying to study, work to earn money and use that money to buy everything for himself: from everyday items to the food, the entertainment, the delicious dishes at the restaurant to including sex and weight. We beneficiary of those things with a single purpose: to create for themselves the sensual interest, in other words, it is the stimulus that brought delight to the eye, ear, nose, tongue and body. I put all the money, effort and your spirit in the only goal was expecting to find the sensual pleasure. But from the recesses of our hearts where each one of us knows that should not put all capital education, public, pursuit fortitude to just find a little enjoyment in nature enjoy sensual.
 So it's very obvious that what was shown above are true are extremely critical. Recognizing and understanding the importance of the sense of touch helps us control over them, beyond their grip, so that gives us the ability to perform their responsibilities more effectively.
 Likewise, social issues arising from things sensual delight, and if observed carefully, we also see the conflict between nations or between blocks occur powers such trim through was because both sides were enslaved by things sensual enjoy (interests, morsel of food, wealth, land, ...) . War does not happen because of faith in dogma, as an ideal, or anything else, but because you want to aim at finding interesting things sensual (plunder) . Each side is his imagined everything would collect profits and wealth. Ism just a disguise or if better, also just a secondary motive. Deepest causes leading to the conflict is the event not to resist the imposition of sensual delight. Understanding what is sensual means that consciousness is the most important reason that we have to slave pollution on things of the mind, in the evil and suffering everything (please note does not explain masters Buddhadasa sensual limit within a process of physical and psychological, which looked far more like very much and proved to us that the root causes bring things to people suffering from the damnation things have personality to the vast conflict on a global scale and humanity. It is a very broad vision, deep and sensual philosophy) .
 If you see it is the general condition of the human world, they should also understand that these celestial beings also no better. They also dominated by sensual pleasure, and maybe even more than us. Whether they are looking at her charms under a more subtle aspects, but not so that they are less likely to be attracted more by a great sensual things brought from the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body and consciousness. For gods above the cherub ie human, they enjoy sensual things like, on this course were excluded, but still have something interesting to create a cause of attachment: interest was linked with the workouts promote deep concentration (focused profound - the practitioners - not enough to bring salvation, because it takes longer to see the profound contemplation of the nature of all things - ie religious knowledge) . When the mind is deeply concentrated, it will feel a delight, a sense of fun makes it cling to the mind (of the gods can form in the sense described in the preceding sentence) . Items lower than the human animal, of course, will be the prey of sensual in a form more crude than us. Understanding the nature of the most sensual and aware that we are not sensual and do not have a reason to cling to them to assimilate themselves as they are, then there would be a real booster valuable for us in this life.
 The comments (sanna- idea ) is also another aspect of the mind is very recognizable. For example, ordinary people always asserted that during sleep, there would be something called the "soul" out from the body, and the body then becomes an inanimate piece of wood, totally lost ability to sense any feeling any sense stimuli. When that "penis" integration back to the body, then to shape knowledge together with psychiatric while the province will be recovered. Many people assimilate a naive "penis" with "self". But the Buddha preached that perception is not necessarily required to relate to the existence of a "human individual". The comments are just a synthesis include sensual and memories, which means there are accumulated knowledge and certain perception presence will continue until the body is still operating a normally. When the function of the body is disturbed, what we called the "feel" will change and discontinued operations. That is the reason why the true Buddhism does not accept assimilation perception with an "I" (ego) individually identifiable. Consequently, meticulous research and profound truth in accordance with the teachings of the Buddha will bring the opposite result and shows that perception is unrelated to the "ego", it is only the brings results from a natural process, and nothing more.
 Another reason causing the attachment arising from positive thinking ( Sankhara - onions, attention, expression, karma ), there is a plan to implement something or occupy something then, it is an act of consciousness (mind, volition, action voluntarism) , and it can bring good or bad nature. Thinking is the basis to create a strong identity for a character I bring individual. It tells us that if you want to identify themselves as something they Event "thinking" will serve as the highest priority for her help themselves identify themselves. For that reason, a philosopher of the seventeenth century (René Descartes, 1596-1650, a mathematician, physicist and philosopher famous French) has built all his philosophy based on the postulate the following: "I think that is my existence" (originally in Latin by R. Decartes first raised in 1634 was "Cogito, ergo sum." He then continued to develop further and to in 1641, the call went a little sidestep the "Ego sum, ego existo" means "I'm like this [ie] I exist", may R. Decartes saw loopholes in his postulate by raised, but what was wrong, though he tried to avoid by all means, it is still basically wrong. For example, I put reverse of R. Descartes postulates as follows: "Before I know what you think, as I do not thinking and after I was no longer thinking anymore, I exist or not? "A person in a coma - coma - or totally insane and becomes silly, no longer know who they are, then there exists or not? Or a crazy person just saw in my head full of demons, stabbing and gore, and just screaming, you know enough to think "I like this [ie] I exist" or no? Indeed postulate raised by R. Decartes above pitifully naive and childish, but unfortunately it has great influence on the thought and cultural background Modern Western) . Philosophers of science period we have not shown progress at all on this subject: because thousands of years they have always thought of thinking is the basis for determining an individual ego ; according to them "ego" is the thinker. As we have seen, for the Buddha, as well as sensual perception is not what created the "I". He also denied where all thinking, ie thinking forms of consciousness, as an ego, because the activity detected in the form of thinking is just a process purely natural way . Thinking arises from interactions result of a long chain of events that happened before. It's just an overall structure comprising various components to create an "instance" absolutely the overall and did not indicate the existence does the "I" or a "me" at all. Therefore we can hold the component is "thinking" does not contain any personal entity, similar to the case of the structural things mentioned above.
 The reason for learning about the above issues is also difficult because of the nature of mind is not fully understood. We knew about the body, ie the physical structure, but did not know much about the mind, that is a more general structure of the non-animal-nature. For this issue think also just raised briefly is the Buddha preached that "individual" is a five-second overall structure, which should moderate mental matter. When what we call "thinking" appearing out, then we look into it immediately so that there is "someone" standing behind (thinking that) , as a people stand up to failure think, a body dominated soul, or anything like that. But Buddha reject that view entirely. When we analyze the so-called "individual" into five components (five aggregates) , they will not rest at all, it was found that only the components are present, but "man" is No. Nor do more thinking being, nor prove the existence of the self as is often believed.
 The final structure is sensual knowledge ( āna - form ), it is only functional integrity helps sense objects by Year sensual perception. And certain it is not an individual ego at all. Agencies (sensual) simply served as color recognition, shapes, sounds, smells, tastes and tangible objects, they directly affect her organs (also acknowledge More knowledge is itself a sensory organ sense and feel its object is the mental image, ie the non-material object-matter) . The results will have a sense of whether the object has been formed in three different phases (sensual - the smell - positive thinking) . For example in case it happens visual sense of transparency about the shape of the object to be observed; Can there be a human or an animal, big or small, pale or black color, etc .. The sense of a process that is completely machine itself operates automatically (depending depending on the industry, personal experiences and my education ...) . But some people claim that it is "soul" and it can enter or exit the body, receives these stimuli thanks to the sensual bodies, and "I" shall reside in That soul. The Buddhist people only see it as a natural operation; when an object of visual contact with the eye and the optic nerve of the eye, an image will appear, and from images that will form a visual knowledge. Again the operation of the above shows that do not need to have a presence of self.
 After analysis, "a being" and split it apart into separate structures right - the body, sensual, perception, thinking and sensual knowledge - and I will not find anything can see it is me or belong to an ego. So we can reject totally mistaken idea that to conclude that nothing can be an ego or a self contained whole. Those who are no longer able to grasp objects, not love or hate them anymore, they can see who'd get bar-ego character array of all things. Just thanks to the rational thinking is enough to prove that there is no ego; but ordinary voila represents only a belief or an opinion, not a consulate see transparent, comprehensive help permanently sever clinging to an "I". That is why we should learn very thorough year based on the base structure of the three permitted to practice in order to promote a consistent inner find qualified help us eliminate the thoughts cling on the existence of an ego. That practice allowed in order to promote intellectual and eliminate ignorance. The main conclusion we must ourselves see no where does the ego structure, and no have any self worth to cling to it, and thus all forms of attachment, including the second existing capacity from birth, will be permanently terminated. Therefore we must learn to deepen the understanding of the structure year basis underpins the myth of a "me". Buddha especially emphasized this aspect of his teachings and can be summarized as follows: «  There is no one profile of any of the five aggregates is ego  ». That is a very critical point in the Buddhist doctrine, whether in terms of philosophy, science and religion too. Once aware of the fact that the attachment and fear - arising from ignorance - will vanish, and the desire is no longer a way to detect it anymore, and so they will also suffer termination.
 So what was the reason that we do not recognize the correct configuration year with its nature? At birth we do not know a thing about the world around us, then we began collecting achieved thanks to the understanding of what happens in the surrounding context to teach us, and the way they impart knowledge to us always hidden thought to be an individual ego in the body (when the baby, it does not distinguish the difference between it and the surrounding context, gradually thanks to experience it to realize that what others around it with it - for example it was banged into the edge of the table to make it hurt - understanding that gives it the idea of a separate ego it round out of context, such as a table) . That is motivating belief in a self, nature instinctively and most rudimentary arose from the newly born child, and the strength of that momentum continues to increase constantly follow fashion line time. In the area of language and communication, we use the words like "I", "me", "she", "him" ..., and there is also a way to increase further the idea of a " ego ". We also often stated as follows: "This is Mr. X, here is Mrs. Y. He is the son of Mr. Z. and her nephew W". How do such statements encouraged to identify themselves as a "human individual". Therefore none of us have interest to learn why I cling to what I like, and he is clinging on increasing more only. Meanwhile, if already grasping the I as the natural outcome to happen: there is selfishness will arise, which reflect selfishness in all our daily actions (and understandably so advocates of Mahayana Buddhism and the Dalai Lama is to promote compassion vigorously to neutralize the selfish, and there is also an indirect way of killing put his ego) . If we give full play to the wisdom to get that consistency is a mistake, then we will no longer cling to the thought here is Mr. X, here is Ms. Y, and they caste in society, there are people or animals, etc .. and we will realize that this name is just the terminology that humans invented for use in the communication only. When you understand that it alone can ensure that we have escaped a "social fraud" (people in social communication together with "conventional", ie a "cahoots "or" implied "together, things did not reflect the truth at all, and the author regards this as a form of" cheating "in the life of society) . When we examine the overall created Mr. X, I will find him just a combination consisting of body, sensual, perception, thinking and sensual knowledge. That's one way of looking at everything more wisely (not deceived by the "cheating" the look of conventional character) . Doing so is one way to help avoid the trap due to relatively spread out the truth in this world.
 Also we can push the analysis further above. For components such material body, we can divide it into several elements - earth, water, air and fire - or to use science to analyze it into carbon, carbon dioxide, oxygen, etc. ... As more and deeper analysis, we increasingly find ourselves less the illusion of a "human individual" more fool us. Upon seeing what was hidden beneath the illusion that I will notice that only the structure of matter and spirit. Looked at from the angle that the "human fish" will disappear. The thought of Mr. X, Mrs. Y or a certain social class will disappear. The thought of "my child, my husband, my wife ..." also disappeared. When we know all things look in the light of absolute truth, we only see what is all right structure , and if a careful analysis of the structure that we will find a common denominator to all: there is emptiness . In each case we analyze the structure does not have a structure that is not the nothingness of what one called the "ego". All of us have the ability to see the absence shop there (the ego) . As was customary at that to see what attachment and fear is no longer any reason to exist and last. They disappear, dissolve, and permanently fly in the air, do not save a trace at all.
 No more animals, no more man, no longer a part, had no profile case. There was nothing but emptiness, that the absence of "self". If stopped not grasp objects again, we would not even know what suffering is. Someone once felt the emptiness of all things and if anyone tried to assess her and give myself a good or wicked, happy or sad, or whatever, it would can not make yourself being swayed one iota. That result gained from understanding, ie the smoothness and the inner feeling of transparency about the true nature of the first-year composition. This understanding will help us to totally eliminate cling four minutes.
In summary, in this world everything profiles are in the first year - that is, physical, sensual, perception, thinking, and sensual knowledge (in other words, all this world arising from the first year of that structure: this is a point very close to Idealism Education in Mahayana Buddhism) . Each structure have created for us where the mistake, because even though it does not contain a "self" at all, but it can still be clinging agitated and scared of me. So an ordinary man always desires to possess, desires are formed, or did not want to possess, or do not wish to be formed. This shows that even in the case, were also brought suffering, the suffering does not necessarily have to be exposed between the daylight, but it really is very discreet. So better to each one of us should follow the teaching of ethics, concentration and wisdom (three practice permitted) , to help themselves permanently excluded and root delusions involving five the second structure (five aggregates) . That is the path to freedom, liberation from all suffering. Life will become bright and wonderful, the mind will rise above all things, all will remain like that until the last day in this life. This is brought about from the profound contemplation, perfect clarity and structure of the first year.END=VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY=THICH CHAN TANH.THE MIND OF ENLIGTHMENT.WORLD VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST ORDER=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=GOLDEN LOTUS MONASTERY=THE EIGTHFOLD PATH.AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.26/6/2015.