LOP DAY HOC CHO PHAT TU TAI GIA CUA QUY THAY VA QUY SU CO DAY HOC

first sutta the Buddha

Catechism of the Four Noble Truths with four truth beyond any effects of external conditions, discusses the nature of human lives and the ability to overcome all the suffering of the people has become the motivation and confidence of humanity, against all the vicissitudes of life still believe in a bright future of mankind in general and people in particular.

Introduction

Buddhism was introduced, more than 25 centuries, but the teachings of Buddha was contained breathing era and does not seem to be dependent on the change in space and time.

One of the basic tenets of Buddhism is important Eightfold Path (path eight branches - Middle), contained in the texts Zhuan Falun - the first sermon of the Buddha. Sermon became the focus of attention, in which the meaning of the attitude of tolerance, tolerant, avoid extreme or outrageous (ANTA), Lao Tzu and Confucius were shared in the concept of "centrist" or "neutral", and make remote Greece, this idea is also shared by Aristotle, the concept of "harmony". This seems to be a topical issue, help us to be alert to the temptations of contemporary life, to seek a life of peace and tranquility.

Middle Way and the Four Noble Truths more meaningful than when it was first sermon Buddha said shortly after the Supreme Bodhi enlightenment, demonstrates an unparalleled intellectual newly awakened after a long time dreamless propelled into the realms of life and death.

Therefore, understanding the Madhyamaka teachings and the Four Noble Truths, and the birth of prayer sermon meant not only theoretical but also practical practice of each Buddhists, thereby determining the path and purpose to clear before the first set of hybrid nature of the materials themselves.

Background activity ideas led to the creation of texts

Researchers consider the situation when the academic activities the Buddha, often divided into two separate movements: fundamentalism and non-mainstream movement. Fundamentalist Vedas and Upanishads taken as the classics; the movement against economic differences or Veda and Upanishads are considered non-mainstream or orthodox reaction.

One way to classify other, more detailed, divide the movement thought that the 4 main categories: orthodox Brahmin, folk religious fundamentalism, fundamentalism took Veda and Upanishads as the main idea but have developed More like Yoga, Number of argument, the reason ... and finally the non-Orthodox movements.

In addition, there are a number of researchers, based on the scriptures of Buddhism, namely economic Sa gift , it comes in the classic six schools that are often referred to as "Professor Luc pagan sect":

1. Phu-lan-na Ca-lettuce (Purana Kassapa): that evil work is not customary to have a corresponding industrial base, so do not believe anything cynical all.

2. Mat-old-le-la-amnesty Question (Makkholi Gosala): only natural, all evil deeds, even liberating thing complies with the laws of nature, humans can not decide or attempt anything.

3. A multi-di-Page-sa-respect-her-la (Ajita Kesakambali): Materialism comment policy. People from the four constituent, are all dead, so enjoy the pleasures, reject morality.

4. Match-momentum Ca-fried-dien (Pukudha Kaccayana): advocates idealism, that things eternal mind, the life and death of people just gather the spread of the human form factor, while the Factors that shall never be destroyed.

5. Approves Pi-anonymous-da-la-le-mail (Sanyaya bellatthyputta): advocates of inspiration, if you feel that way, say to the world of phenomena, there is no assertion or not, right or wrong.

6. Ni-Gandhara Nha-problem-mail (Nigandha netaptta): Comment guidelines destiny, use it as a basis to illustrate all. As for the practice, then take the extreme asceticism and moral habit do any damage characteristics.

In general, the academic activities era Buddha was born, Indian philosophical thought has evolved strong, diverse topics, rich in schools rather than in economic unity Veda and Upanishads before. The school was born during this period can be compared to mid-spring blossoming flowers, each school has to explain how different, sometimes opposing each other in explaining the nature of the world as well as the implementations that lead to final liberation. The boom not only create the premise for Buddhism in the collected essence of other schools but also as a basis for additional Buddhism, revise and fix the advantages and disadvantages of the different schools of thought , formed a new religion - Buddhism, has inherited the tradition, both new ones, creating fundamental turning point in the mainstream of Indian philosophy.

Contents: Business Zhuan Falun

a) Critique misconceptions of sectarianism

Opening Sutta, the Buddha said: "This, O Bhikkhus, there are two extremes (ANTA) that household goods (pabbajitena) to avoid ..."

The concept of extreme (ANTA) is just an attitude concept extreme, outrageous or extreme; and the concept of renunciation (pabbajitena) is only those who renounce worldly path, cut from loving yourself and seek the path of liberation.

Once started preaching his 5 brothers and Kondanna particular those seeking the path of liberation in general, Buddha's message is right that those ordained should abandon the path of two extreme or outrageous ; In other words, the Buddha criticized the two paths are the wrong way, do not lead to ultimate liberation. Two paths that are:

1. The slack effort in sensual - is vile, vulgar, profane, not worthy of the saint's virtues, and useless.

2. coherent style of asceticism - is painful, unworthy of the saint's virtues, and useless.

The first path is the path of passionate and sensual pleasure and excesses second path is the path immersed in austerity, excessive pain. Here are two paths Buddha warned not to bring home people the fully liberated.

It should be added that, at the time of Shakyamuni Buddha was alive, and even before the birth of Lord Buddha, India has existed for many schools or different teachings to seek the path of liberation. But high achievement, attitude towards life often revolves around two main paths: one is sensual indulgence and two are rejected every desire.

One of the doctrines advocated enjoy all the pleasures of the earth is the doctrine Lokayata - Pali and Sanskrit - refers materialism materialism or by Carvakas founder. In view of this doctrine, people are dying off, leaving all the power of life and only present life is real, therefore, the advocates of this theory says: " Eat , drink and enjoy all the pleasures, because death comes to all ", and that: "Ethics is an illusion, only pleasure is reality. Death is the end of life. Religion is a foolish aberration, a mental disease. There is a distrust of all that is good, noble, pure and compassionate. Their theory advocated sexual gratification, and rugged good record, confirmed wills obscene. No need to control passion and instinct because it is the natural heritage of the people ".

Meanwhile, some schools promote rigorous ascetic life. They said that only new austerity may lead people to rescue. This doctrine is the majority of the practice of many different schools accept. Even the Buddha Sakyamuni and his five brothers Kondanna previously also had a hugh such practice for 6 years but still not achieve ultimate liberation.

Criticism two undertakings, the Buddha said that both are useless, useless, unworthy of the dignity of the saints.

b) What are the main teachings of the Buddha's first sermon. The doctrine of the Middle Way or Path eight branches

Shortly after the policy was criticized two extreme pleasure and extreme asceticism, Buddha gave the third way is the Middle Way (Majjhima Patipada). "Abandoning that both extremes, the Tathagata has realized" Middle Way "(Majjhima Patipada), is the way to bring perspective (cakkhu) and knowledge (nana) and lead to peace (vupasamaya), supreme wisdom (abhinnaya), enlightenment (sambhodhaya), and Nirvana "

Middle Way is not the path that lies between these two extremes is the way to rise above two extremes. Dictionary of Buddhist concept: "The meaning of non-duality, is absolutely perfect treat, but item is non-war song, is not religion neutral bias to one side", which means that the middle path put an end to treat as often-segment binary; yes no; right left ...

In the later stages of development of the Buddhist understanding of the Middle Way has many different opinions, as France's Minister for Middle Consciousness-Only, Three arguments for the Middle Eight estate, the Food Minister Tendai is Middle Way, Flower Adornment for the Middle French world ... However, in doing Zhuan Falun Buddha asserted that the middle path is the eightfold path or eight branches.

In the talk:

"This, O Bhikkhus, the middle way realized by the Tathagata, the road brings vision, knowledge and lead to peace, supreme wisdom, enlightenment and nirvana is what?

It is the Noble Eightfold Path - is Right (samma ditthi), Right Thought (Samma samkappa), Right Speech (samma vaca), Right Livelihood (samma kammanta), Right Livelihood (samma ajiva), Right Effort (samma vayama ), Sati (samma sati), and Right Concentration (samma samadhi). This, O Bhikkhus, that's "Middle Way" that the Tathagata has realized ".

The first element of the Noble Eightfold Path is Right, the understanding of the true, to destroy all those skeptical of the old fellow on Buddha's teaching, but also want to raise a critical assessment of teachings of Buddha are: objects need to find a genuine, that is seen as the object itself can lead to the following statements. No show proper, ie objects with eyes looking subjective or emotional bias can lead to errors in the assessment. To be perceived as real or true, to remove wrong perceptions, thoughts, traditions, customs, habits, power, status of the speaker ... and look at them as they are. That is the first element and is also a prerequisite for the Madhyamaka teachings of Buddhism.

After obtaining the proper notice, as carried on the subject, the second is the chief branch of thinking, that is true meditation. Reflection true in Buddhism requires subjects to objective thinking the object was thinking, thinking that is subject to removal attachment, selfish attitudes and malice. To do this, the subject should bred from, peaceful attitude towards guests may be thinking.

A third arm of the doctrine of the Middle Way is Right Speech - Speech true. True words from the true thinking, like real objects of thinking and of course, words are true because the purpose is not only true to say on the subject, but also to object to the more complete and not talk just to talk.

Next is Right Speech Right Action - righteous deeds or righteous action and right livelihood - true life. All three factors: Right Speech, Right Action and Right Livelihood is the expression of genuine thinking to improve moral, develop healthy lifestyles.

Sixth branch Right effort - effort to practice righteousness in order to eradicate the bad seeds and improved mental development. Liberation and enlightenment is not an overnight achievement, therefore, can realize that thinking, but with practice, the lack of effort and meticulous practice quickly eroded. During diligent, relentless effort, Saturday factors - Mindfulness - always mindful of each behavior, gestures, words to employment becomes essential identical twins. Awareness efforts, but may not lead to an inversion results with the initial intention. From the relentless efforts of awareness leading to the chief - that dwells in a single object, a special object that is our own consciousness will lead to a result - our minds are increasingly turbid supernatant off of, the impure elements, negativity, ignorance increasing efforts are eliminated, instead, improved seeds, wisdom, purity increasingly germination. When consciousness, the awareness of Mindfulness and Right Concentration, to the relentless efforts of Right Effort, with the regular practice of Right Speech, Right Action and Right Livelihood is generally invisible to lead to a result, the understanding of natural right, one day thinking clearly. Thus, the Eightfold Path with eight basic branches above, who are both just as effective, mutually to each other because of a goal of liberation and enlightenment.

In summary, the Madhyamaka teachings - Eightfold Path Buddha said in economic Zhuan Falun , just as a basis for criticizing the two extremes are the dominant contemporary Indian society, has established one of the postulates Most of the Buddhist religion has influenced not only India but has now spread throughout the world. Doctrine of the Four Noble Truths

Opening prayer recommended by the monastic renunciation two extreme poles, established middle path, the Buddha said about the Four Noble Truths as the most fundamental teachings of all the teachings of Buddha and also the sole aim of Buddhism as being in this world.

Four Noble Truths (four wonderful truth) include: Suffering Empire, Volume sole, insole and sole director Removal. Sacca Sanskrit, is the truth, what really has. List of Sanskrit (Sanskrit) is equivalent Satya, an event not argue anymore. Pali call these truths is Ariya Saccani (holy truths, or the Noble Truth), because the truth is found by the Buddha, the saint's (Ariya) Greatest absolutely clean and fully purged of all defilement.

(1) "This is the Noble Truth of Suffering"