The path of liberation of the Buddha is at the heart, that is individual efforts, the Pure Land method is not out of the way, large stone boat floating on the float, but transported the stone to the boat It must be meticulous in itself, in order to obtain the one-pointedness and salvation of the Buddha, the practitioner must have great accumulation, that is, a process of cultivation. Later, when the other sects develop ideas influenced Pure, Pure least in the mind of thought as  "Self-Nature Amitabha, idealistic Pure"  Pure practice makes taking self more But perhaps that is not the intention of Pure Land.

INTRODUCTIONS

Pure Land is one of the most popular Buddhist practices in many countries such as China, Japan and Vietnam. Pure Land Buddhism was in the Mahayana ideology and appeared in the Buddhist era.

Primitive Buddhism attaches great importance to self-reliance. Buddhism develops (Mahayana) to diversify the way of cultivation. There are dharmas which focus on virtue, Ideal as the Pure Land method. Therefore, the Pure Land is a common practice that meets the spiritual needs of an eternal life and the complete liberation of human suffering.

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I. History and Transcendence Pure Land Buddhism

The Pure Land theory was developed in India, a path of practice but not a sectarian one, only when the Pure Land sutras passed to China the Pure Land became a sect.

Buddhism passed into China at the end of the first century until the beginning of the second century, but the teachings of the Pure Land Teachings had to appear in the third century. In the time of Wei (250), Sanghavarman (Sanghavarman) translated the economic life, life Chi Cheat (Sun Sun) travel Amida. In the life of Yiao Qin (4th century), Lord La Contemplation Buddhist Amitabha, also known as Amitabha business, Buddha Da Bata (Giac Hien) Black man, Mr. Tri Strictly translated Pure Land. The Dangers of Affection (Kàlayàsas) translated the Infinite Life Sutra, Bodhi Luo Chi (VI century) translated Life Empathy discussion. In particular, the Master of Contemporary Reincarnation Pure Land Commentary ..., here comes Buddhism Pure Land Buddhism is relatively complete.

The three works considered the foundation of the Pure Land School are the Infinite Life, the Infinite Life, the Amitabha, plus the work of the reincarnation of the Pure Land. Although only a few of the Sutras teach the Pure Land teachings, many of the Mahayana teachings have praised the Pure Land ideology, making the Pure Land Buddhism popular and prominent in Buddhist thought. Learn Chinese.

The history of the lineage of the Pure Land Buddhism is not in the usual way of preaching to the followers of the other sects, but rather on the contribution of the many doctrines of the Pure Land teachings.

Chinese Buddhist monk, Hui Vien (333-416) is considered the founder. He was born in Nhan Mon, 21 years old as a disciple of Dao An. He was brilliant, praised by Mr. An. Because of the chaotic situation, he emigrated to Tuong Duong, then on his way, he came to Lô Sơn, saw the monastery, in accordance with his spiritual aspirations, he stayed there and founded Dong Lam Temple. He guided the practice of reciting the Buddha's teachings, hermitically practicing the Dharma, and especially the close relationship with the kings. In opposition to the king's decree that the monk should bow to his adoration, he writes the dharma-godless king. In the year 402, he established the Buddhist Recitation Society in Lon Son, called Bach White Commune, this is a form of mass organization practice, a way to cultivate Pure Land for the four later. White-collar organizations do not discriminate at home or go home, the practice is simply worship and commemorate the name Amitabha Buddha. The practice of Hui Vien made the way of Pure Land Buddhism.

By the next century, Damwan (476-542) followed the Pure Land method. He was also a man at the Nhan Mon, studied very diligently, specializing in the commentary of the book but half a serious illness, he looked for the healer, who met Taoist Taoist teachings of magic and assigned to 10 The sutras. On the way back to the North, he met Bodhiruci, who gave him the Pure Land teachings, based on which he trained the Pure Land. He teaches the following: Mindfulness, Buddhism, Amitabha Buddha ... He teaches them to study and promote the doctrine of Pure Land, focusing on the element of  "Mindfulness of Reciting the Buddha," which is also another shade. Of the Pure Land school.

Mr. Dao Xoc (562-645) has a predestined relationship with Mr. Damwan despite living several decades apart. He received the Pure Land teachings in special cases. He graduated from the monastery at the age of 14, specializing in the study of Nibbana, one day to Huyen Middle Mountain Thach Bich, read the stone record of the memorial Mr. Loan, sentimental sentiment, He turned to Pure Land and Often teaching the Infinite Life Sutra. He attempted to educate the people in the Pure Land Buddhism and who produced the rosary to teach how to maintain the Buddha's name. For peasants, he laid out the way to count the counts of the Buddha, called the  "bean nembutsu" . His Holiness the Anapa and some other work, the development of easy and difficult to learn that it is easy to learn the Pure Land. He justified Amitabha's power of meaning, making everyone interested in this method. His disciples are quite numerous, excellent include Thien Dao, Dao Phu, Tang Dien ...

Thich Thien Dao (613-681), just as he excelled in the teachings of the Pure Land. The Tang Dynasty was flourishing, the Pure Land Buddhism flourished, largely thanks to the work of the Shogunate. He was in Linzi, when he went to seek his teacher, he encountered the Way learn the Pure Land Method. After his death, he returned to Truong An Temple, Quang Minh Pagoda and Tu An Pagoda, teaching and spreading the Pure Land method. He wrote 10 thousand Amitabha and drew 300 pictures of the Pure Land, making the Pure Land come alive and realist in the mind of the cultivator so they followed a great many. He has written many books such as the Infinite Life, the birth of canon, the concept of practice, the canopy. His spiritual paths were lauded and became a symbolic method of Pure Land Buddhism.

Him From Man (680-748) is a Pure Land practitioner pretty popular in the Tang Dynasty, following the example of his predecessor, on the road  to "get legal Truc Bridge" . He departed in 702 (the time of Wu Zetian), to North Thien Truc (India) met the reincarnation of Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva given to the Pure Land method. His 18 years in India, the new home, be granted the title of king Huyen Ton  "From Man triangle organ" . His Holiness Revival Pure Land practice to propagate the Pure Land method which he had conquered in India, became a lineage of independent Pure Land. However, his system has not flourished for a long time.

Thus, the system of transmission of the Pure Land from the primitive to the Tang does not follow the life of another, depending on the conditions of each practitioner. Beginning in the Tang Dynasty, there is a lineage, and most clearly, to the Song Dynasty. Later, scholars divided the course of the practice of the Pure Land into 4 systems: Hui Vien focused on  "Quan memorial Buddha" , Dam Loan focused  "faithful mind recite Buddha," Thien Dao focus  "Khau Confession of the Buddha, "the compassionate nature of  " Buddhist bases nembutsu " .

 Buddhism maintains the ideologies and traditions of the sects. Pure-heartedness, while preserving its independent tradition, is influenced by other ideologies. At this time, the sects generally have a tendency to fuse, for example, the Tiananmen monks advocate cum Pure Buddhist monk, delegate for this policy is he Consciousness, Dedication, the Host. The law also monks Pure Land by Mr. Nguyen Chieu advocated. Zen monks also cure the Pure Land by Mr. Dien Tho advocated ... so the color Pure color variety. The Buddhist meditations race appeared, prominent is the  Association "Pure Land"  of Mr. Tinh.

 Pure tune was developed by the great Van The, Lien Tri, Tri Huc, especially lay practitioners in the Pure Land development thrives widespread popular in the masses.

To the Qing Dynasty, the Pure Land ideology fused in all disciplines, sects. Great Pure Land Masters have Mr. Tinh Am - Truth (1686-1734). At the end of the Qing Dynasty, An Quang was a high priest who propagated the Pure Land method.

Pure-hearted Dharma in China, then transmitted through Tibet, Japan, Vietnam, Korea, received rapidly and strongly developed.

II. Pure Land Buddhism

Pure Land Buddhism takes three sutras and one essay as the basis for one's thoughts:

The  "Infinite Life"  talk about Buddha Amitabha's predecessor when he was a monastic monk who vowed 48 prayers to save sentient beings;

The Infinite Life Sutra expresses the Buddha's recollection;

The Amitabha Buddha depicts the solemnly beautiful world of Buddha Amitabha who is preaching;

And Thay's Pure Land Reflection praises and teaches the meaning of the three suttas.

According to the Infinite Life Sutra, the Pure Land teachings were taught by the Buddha Shakyamuni to the Queen of Kosala as Videhi. She was confined to her son and extremely depressed at the scene of mistress. She asked the Buddha to help overcome this misery, the Buddha appeared and introduced the only peaceful states without suffering, she chose the realm of Amitabha Buddha. The Buddha taught her how to recite the name of the Buddha to be reborn in that realm. In the Theravadin not mentioning that particulars, it is possible to say that the Theravāda Tipitaka is less interested in the element of power. In the early days of Buddhist Buddhism, Nagasena brought the theory of salvific Buddha into his argument, becoming the foundation for later Buddhahood.

Blissful world, Sanskrit translated from Sanskrit Sukhaya, where there is happiness without suffering. This realm is taught by Amitabha Buddha. It can be said that the world of Ultimate Bliss is another concept of Nirvana, because Nirvana means to extinguish all suffering. In a narrower sense, it is a real world in the West, in contrast to her world of pain I is that of Amitabha called  "five degenerations evil world" .

The World of Ultimate Bliss has its advantages such as no defilement, no defilement, long life expectancy, self-eating, gods ... Beautiful country is made of precious substances Like gold, jade, glass ...; Trees, ponds, palaces, roads are all treasures, music as heavenly music, birds singing as lecture ... In short, it is an ideal world, the lips The school is good for spiritual practice and attain ultimate happiness.

Amitabha Buddha is the teacher of the World of Ultimate Bliss. Amitabha is Amitàbha's translation of the word Amitabha; Amitabha is Amount of life. Infinite Light only for immeasurable light, symbolizing the fullness of wisdom or Dharma-kaya. Infinite life only for eternal life, the symbol of liberation or liberation (Vinuktikàya). In the name of this title, Amitabha Buddha symbolizes eternal life and the complete liberation of suffering, which is a noble and attractive purpose for man of all time.

According to the Infinite Life Sutra, Amitabha Buddha was once a king. After enlightenment, he developed his mind and became a monk named Dharmàkara. He resolved to practice the Buddha and vow to all beings in his Bliss. He set 48 prayers to help beings free.

The important vow is the 18th vow:  "For the child to become a Buddha, ten beings who want birth in the realm where the heart of faith from one thought to the other, if not born, corner. except for those who created the five grave offenses, defame Dharma " . 19th vow:  "For example, the Buddha was born, ten beings sent bodhichitta, tu merit, devoted heart to wish birth in the water realm, until the network, Body before that person, then you do not become the Right Enlightenment . May 20th:  "For the child to become a Buddha, beings throughout ten heard the title of child, remember to think of nationality, cultivate the merit, and steep the heart of want to birth to child realm, if not satisfied. then you'll never rank right enlightenment "  .

The content of 48 vows shows that the path of Pure Land practice is based on Amitabha's vow and that one's recitation of the Buddha's mind is the easiest way, which is why the Pure Land Buddhism is widely spread. Best.

* The path of practice of the Pure Land method is based on three principles:

1- Faith (Faith)

This is a prerequisite, no faith or belief is not strong enough can not cultivate Pure Land. Belief is the basis for the arising of desire and direction of the world of Ultimate Bliss. Like all other disciplines, faith is the mother of good and meritorious deeds.

The Pure Land Teacher's Belief, believe that Amitabha Buddha and the Blissful World are real, the Buddha and the Blessed One are ready to intercede with us, Rebirth is certainly reborn. Thus, the Pure Land sutras and the Pure Land practitioners are more assertive than indecisive, twofold.

2- Love or desire desire (Pray)

Confidence will lead to the desire to be called wish. All psychological activities are directed towards the Pure Land, all wishes are stimulated by the boredom for this life of defilement and insecurity. If we have material desires, emotions, thoughts of this life, desire to reborn is not strong. Karma associated with this life is not reduced, the Pure Land is not attractive to us, so bored, she would like to intensely desire the Pure Land. That is also why older people prefer the Pure Land school rather than the youth.

The expression of the aspiration for Pure Land is that all actions, words and minds must express that aspiration. With a vigorous vow to renounce the Pure Land reincarnation, hope to have the ability to save sentient beings. Such a new wish corresponds to the will of the Pure Land, to touch the Buddha and the Blessed One in the Pure Land.

3- Practice (Hanh)

When the intention to Pure Land, all actions, language are continuously practiced, that is, practicing the method of reciting the Buddha, visualizing ... all brought to fusion body language, not to the object The world is drawn to distract the mind. Every merit, good deed we are all toward the Pure Land, usually the practitioner set a course for themselves, for example, in one day and one night divided into six periods to recite, Through meditation, the practitioner can attain, see the Buddha and the Holy Land.

III. Method of reciting the Buddha

The purpose of the recitation of Amitabha Buddha is to bring one-pointedness, control of all thoughts of the mind. Nembutsu is the practice of mindfulness, so in essence, the practice of reciting the Buddha's name is not different from meditation, which is the core of the disciplines.

The method of reciting Buddha has four ways:

1 - Buddhist nembutsu: Recite the name of Amitabha Buddha, or silently recite or play sound.

2. Recite the Buddha: Reciting the Buddha and attentively look at the Buddha statue, see the good general of the Buddha, or the good general of the Bodhisattva and the Holy.

3 - Buddha memorial: Imagine the image of Amitabha Buddha until you see the image of the Buddha. This cafe is different from the statue is not to use external images. In the Infinite Life Sutra mentioned 16 legal practices.

4-Prime Minister Buddha recitation: Reciting Buddha to the point of no-thought, no subject and object. This restaurant is more Zen Meditation than Pure Land so it is not popular.

The method of Pure Land practice is accepted and practiced by many people, especially the name of the Buddha, who can also practice, can be called loudly called Cao Cao silent, The voice called Kim Cang maintenance. The ancient four-shade nuance of the Buddhist concept: Concluding thought is not reciting, not impatient, urgency, just durable, can work both recite the Buddha, do not need to  "tu lau lau" ; The second is Retrospect, is to put the recitation of the Buddha on the top of the stream of consciousness, that is, the Buddha is always present, not dominated by work, high determination, fix time and need results. muzzle; The third is Zen meditation, ie centered on the mind and then use that mind to recite the Buddha. This is the path based on the primordial tradition, when the mind reaches its center, the mind is on the triad, where the meditator concentrates on the Pure Land and the Amitabha Buddha; Wednesday is a memorial, is how to recite the Buddha meditation effect, as asked the question: What is Buddha Recitation? The culpability of doubt to the peak will break consciousness and enlightenment. This theme is more of Zen than the Pure Land.

CONCLUDE

Pure Land focuses on the personal faith and salvation of Amitabha Buddha. France mainly recite the name Amitabha Buddha and contemplate the world of Ultimate Bliss. This is one of the most widely disseminated sutras and is well known and practiced by many other sects. Dharma recitation of the Buddha is a path of practice quite suitable for many different motives. In fact, the Buddha's method of reciting the Buddha's name was from the time of the Theravada Buddhism, the Buddha taught objects of mindfulness in which nembutsu was the head, since this was the object of mindfulness in the Theravada Buddhism. The meaning of Buddhist force has been included in the Buddhist concept. Throughout the pre-Mahayana, Nagasena preached the doctrine of salvation through the inquest of King Milinda (Greek emperor). The king thinks it is unacceptable for an evil person to be saved if he believes in a Buddha the night before his death. Nagasena replied:  "A little oil and a few stones remain submerged in the water, but one still floating rocks if placed on the boat" . Later, the Mahayana teachers spread more thoroughly about the Buddha's saving salvation and through canonical, Pure Land tone is clear for the thesis.

The path of liberation of the Buddha is at the heart, that is individual efforts, the Pure Land method is not out of the way, the large stone boat floating on the float, but transported the stone to the boat It must be meticulous in itself, in order to obtain the one-pointedness and salvation of the Buddha, the practitioner must have great accumulation, that is, a process of cultivation. Later, when the other sects develop ideas influenced Pure, Pure least in the mind of thought as  "Self-Nature Amitabha, idealistic Pure"  Pure practice makes taking self more But perhaps that is not the intention of Pure Land.

To conclude, please talk about the Buddha's recitation of the king, Vietnamese Zen monk Trần Thái Tông in his Lockdown:  "People recite the Buddha has three levels: The body of the Buddha is not our body, there are no two generals, not the two general, but also that, but do not know. Nature is good, good thoughts are evil, and bad thoughts are consumed, and thoughts of good and evil are eliminated. The lower level of the mouth is specialized in reciting the Buddha's words, the mind wants to see the Buddha, the body of the Buddha, the diligent day and night do not regress. that evangelism Bodhi "  . He concludes that the three classes of people are different, but the purpose and the result are one, but it is easy for the superiors to say that they are easy to do, and if they are diligent, efforts will be made in this life. Heavy weight is not difficult to achieve, the lower level of tu tu recite the Buddha step to step by step firmly through the Buddha and then will aspire to. So the achievement of the transcendent must begin with a simple one.END=NAM MO CAKYA MOUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY=THICH CHAN TANH.THE MIND OF ENLIGHTENMENT.VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=GOLDEN LOTUS MONASTERY=AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.12/3/2017.