Bodhgaya, Where Buddha Enlightened.VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=THICH CHAN TANH. 1.1 How to get there: Bodhgaya (Bodhgaya) is located in the state of Bihar, 105 km from Patna by road and 230 km from Varsanasi by road. 1.2 The Meaning of Religion (2), (16), (26) After the 'Great Renunciation ', the Bodhisattva went to see two ascetic masters Alara Kalama and Udakka Ramaputta , who taught him to realize the levels of Formless Realm meditation. Although the certificate realm that's achieved the highest realm at that time, but he is still not satisfied, because it does not lead to the realm of Nirvana ( Nibbana) . After saying goodbye to them, he found a deserted cave on a hill called Dhongra Hill . There he practiced the painful, futile austerities, within six years, maybe only a thin skeleton remained and he was almost dying. After realizing the futility of the practice of the body,He decided to follow the Middle Way and started eating again to recover his health. The other 5 ascetic friends thought that he had given up and started enjoying the pleasure again, so they gave up on him. At that time, the Bodhisattva began his struggle to find enlightenment alone. One day before Wesak's Full Moon Day, while standing under a Banyan tree preparing to beg for alms, a young woman named Sujata offered a rice-and-milk porridge in a golden plate . Young woman Sujata was the son of a patriarch of the neighboring village of Senanigama . After finishing the porridge, Bo-slaps brought the golden plate to the river bank Neranjara(Ni-Lien-Boats) and said: "If I can successfully become a Buddha, let this plate float upstream, and if that fails, let the disc drift downstream" - and He threw the golden plate into the river. The disc floats in the middle of the river and floats upstream, is about 80 cubits (37m) and then sinks in the eddy. That evening, on the way Bodhisattva went to the Bodhi tree , grass cutter named Sotthiya brought most of the grass offered to the Bodhisattva to who makes meditating under a tree Bodhi. Bodhisattva sat cross-legged lotus flower, face facing the East, He was firm with one heart and said that: “Even though the skin, tendons, and bones are dry. Even though the flesh and blood are dry. I decided not to leave my seat until I became a Buddha . Here the final culmination of the Perfection practices ( Brahmin ) that he has completed in countless eons (aeons), without a single sentient being, not even the Demon King and the deadly army Nor could the Demon King make the Buddha disperse or leave this seat. This Aparajita seat cannot be shaken, cannot be destroyed, the Demon King cannot be destroyed. ( Aparajita : Can not be shaken, never can be broken. Sino-Vietnamese usually translates as: Seat "Minh Vuong Vo Nang Thang"). When Mara (Mara) to challenge and harass, Bodhisattva immediately put his right hand touched the earth and the earth shouted proof 30 Legal Perfection ( Balaam density ) of people. Immediately, the earth rang, shook and scattered the Demon King and the Demon King's army. After that, his mind is calm and pure, in the first watch, the witness attains (1) the Knowledge of the Past , such as remembering, knowing well his past lives and others, in terms of time too. past, present, future. (Sino-Vietnamese read: ' Tuc Mang Minh' ). In Canh Two, at midnight, the Witness attains (2) the Vision of Clearly Seeing Past, Present & Future , as if seeing his past lives and others, in space . (Sino-Vietnamese read: 'Thien Nhan Minh' ). And finally, at the third watch, the witness attains (3) the Knowledge Seeing the Cause & the Path to End Samsara , no more defilements and impurities, no more 'falling', 'falling' into any realm of samsara. . (Sino-Vietnamese read as: 'Lau Tham Minh' ) - (See also Hoa Vo Uu, volume I of HT. Thich Thanh Tu). ☼ A Buddha College District, Enlightenment (Samma-sambuddho) appeared on earth on the day of the month Wesak Full Moon in 588 BC . 1.3 Historical Context (9), (27) Bodhgaya ( Bodhgaya ) is the supreme enlightenment place of the Buddha, the most sacred place on earth for all Buddhists. During the Buddha's time on earth, this place on the banks of Neranjara (Ni-Lien-Boat) was called Uruvela . King Asoka was the first to build a temple in this holy place. A portrait of King Asoka Temple building and other premises in the area dduocj building Bodhgaya was found in a bas-relief on the said tower Bharhut Stupa in Madhya, Pradesh. Beginning with the first visit by King Asoka in 259 BC, countless pilgrims have continuously come to worship the cradle.Buddhism for the past 1,500 years. Then, the time when these relics were ravaged by Muslim armies in the 13th century was a period of disruption of the flow of pilgrims to Bodhgaya. Dharmasvamin , a Tibetan pilgrim, visited Bodhgaya in 1234 AD. He witnessed the ruins of this place and recorded the following: “ Only 4 monks remain (in the temple). One monk said: 'It is not good'. All fled in terror at the Turushka army. They (monks) sealed the front gate of the Great Bodhi Tower (Mahabodhi) with bricks and sealed with mortar. Nearby, they built another statue to replace it. ” When Buddhism declined in India, the Burmese came to save the Great Bodhi Tower from the hands of destruction. They repaired the Great Bodhi Tower at least three times during the 14th century to the 15th century. The last repair was in the years 1472-1492. From then on, Bo-De Dao Trang was forgotten and the Great Bodhi Tower was increasingly abandoned. With favorable conditions of location, Mr. Gosain Giri, a Hindu ascetic, built a Hindu temple at Bodh Gaya in 1590. The presence of this temple made Bodhgaya Trang fell into the hands of Hindu Mahants who were not Buddhists and the non-Buddhist period began. Fifty years later, in 1861, Cunningham met the Mahants of the Hindu church and the disciples who held non-Buddhist rituals at the Great Bodhi Tower. Moreover, although this organization claims the Great Bodhi Tower and the surrounding land as their own, they have never remodeled this historic tower. He ( Sir) Edwin Arnold , author of 'Light of Asia' visited the Mahabodhi Bodhi Tower University in 1885 and has posted these rituals recounted in the newspaper Daily Telegraph in London are as follows: “The Buddhist world has, indeed, forgotten this most sacred and most interesting focus- It was a Mecca, a Jerusalem, of millions of congregations of the East, when I stayed in Buddhagaya. Dao Trang) a few years ago. I feel very sad to see the Maharatta farmers celebrating 'Sharaddh (or Shrada)' there, and thousands of precious Sanskrit stone carvings piled up around. Note : Shrada is the ultimate Hindu custom, where mantras and verses are recited on behalf of the dead, in the belief that they will free the soul from the world and be reborn in the world. heaven. 1.4 Dharma protector Anagarika Dharmapala & Great Bodhi Assembly (Maha Bodhi) (5), (23) The struggle to regain control of the Great Bodhi Tower by Buddhists began on January 22, 1891 after the Bhikkhu Anagarika Dharmapala from Ceylon visited Bodhgaya. Seeing that this most sacred relic was forgotten and offended, he made a wish: "I will work so that this sacred sanctuary becomes the care of our monks . " As a first step, he established the Maha Bodhi Society in Bodh Gaya on May 31, 1891 to mobilize support for his noble cause. After that, he invited monks from Sri Lanka to stay in Bodhgaya, including: Mr. Chandajoti , Mr. Sumangala , Mr. Pemmananda and Mr. Sudassana . They went to Bodh Gaya in July 1891 and stayed at the Burmese Guest House. When the Mahant (the Hindu Taoist, only the one who was in charge of the Great Bodhi Tower) was holding the possession of the land of Bodhgaya Bodhgaya, he refused to accept the presence of monks Buddhism, and in February 1893, 2 monks were severely beaten by his men .Two years later, in 1895, when Anagarika Dharmapala was trying to attach a Buddha image (given to him by Japanese Buddhists) on the upper floor of the Tower, he was attacked and stopped by Mahant's men . So he had to bring the picture back to the Burmese guest house. The Hindu Mahant and those Hindu organizations still refused and they tried to remove the Buddha image from the Burmese Guest House, but the government intervened. In 1906, that Mahant filed a lawsuit and sought to expel the monks from the Burmese Guest House. And this legal struggle between the Hindu Mahant and the Buddhist monks lasted until 1949, when the Bihar State government enacted the Buddha Gaya Management Tower Management Act (Bodh Gaya). passedGovernment Management Committee . The Act provides two objectionable things, that is: the Administration Committee consists of 9 people, of which the majority must be Hindus, and the other Buddhist members of the committee must be Indians. Although the Bodhidharma Assembly objected, the Bill was still passed with an amendment that the Advisory Board must be predominantly Buddhist and not necessarily Indian. This means: Buddhists can only advise the Management Committee, but the final decision is still at the discretion of the Hindu administration !. For the Association Great Bodhi (Maha Bodhi Society), it is like a kind of sophistry, as the Tower of the Great Bodhi (Mahabodhi Temple) to be managed by those elements are not Buddhists, imagine What if a mosque, a Christian church, a 'Sikh gurdwara' or a Hindu temple are controlled by people of other religions. In his article " The Vow That Remains " in Sambodhi, 1996, Venerable Pannarama Mahathera, Bhikkhu in charge of the Great Bodhisattva at that time, now deceased, revealed an ironic fact that even the Advisory Board is said to be predominantly Buddhist, but only 11 people, while the non-Buddhist side.accounts for 14 people again !. The time has come to replace those non-Buddhist majority with the majority Buddhists, as the law was made before. Those Vows of the Bhikkhus have not been fulfilled to this day. 1.5 Points to Visit (26), (27), (31), (32) picture_thanh_huong81) Great Bodhi Tower or Tower Great Gi evil (Mahabodhi Temple) Great Bodhi Tower has a long history. Excavations by Sir Cunningham in 1872 revealed three construction phases of the tower. The first phase of works by Asoka built in the 3rd century BC, known as the Temple of Bodhi ( Bodhi Shrine), as illustrated in bas-mounted tower Bharhut Stupa in the 2nd century BCE. The second stage is the restoration of the original Bodhi Shrine (Bodhi Shrine) performed by two devout Buddhist women Surangi and Nagadevi , wives of King Sunga Dynasty . The third stage is a restoration work built by Huviska , king of the Kusana kingdom in the 2nd century AD. Buddha images all come from this period. Temple Towers were built to install these images and statues. Mr. Cunningham said that the entire Great Bodhi Tower, as seen today, is mainly the work of King Huviska (AD 111-138). Since the tower was rebuilt on the basis of the original base of King Asoka, the Vajrasana Throne ( Vajrasana Throne)), the seat of Buddha's meditation and Enlightenment, remains the same. In the 7th century, restoration was carried out and added basalt stones built on the old plasterboard. In the 19th century, the great restoration was conducted, under the supervision of professionals Cunningham , Beglar and R . L . Mitra , restored the Bodhi Tower, after centuries of destruction by the Muslims and neglect of the pagan Mahants. The splendid work we see today is the result of devotion and rare contributions . The Great Bodhi Tower is of course the most splendid and outstanding work in the Bodhgaya Holy Land (Bodh Gaya). 52m high , with a total square foundation area of 231 square meters , each square side of 15.2 square meters (50 feet), consisting of a large pyramid- shaped tower and four small towers located at the four corners, are the models. shrink the large tower. ( H ình 9 ). The main gate faces east, in front of the gate is a stone salute built by King Asoka, very intricately carved. The concealed spaces of both sides of the stupa are engraved with Buddha images. Great Hall of the Palace ( SanctumOn the ground floor after passing an arched passageway , flanked by a stone staircase leading up to a smaller shrine located on the first floor. Immediately after entering the Great Hall, we will immediately meet a gilded stone Buddha statue in a sitting position with right hand on the ground (bhumi phassa-mudra) on the day of Enlightenment. Just looking at the splendid statue of Buddha, the pilgrim's heart will surely generate joy and devotion ! It is the result of trust and reverence for religion people practice incense to follow the advice of the Buddha is "up to visit and worship with devotion" . The gilded stone Buddha statue was made in the 10th century AD. Here, the Buddha is depicted in a sitting position on the (pads) cushions , instead of on a lotus. The pedestal is placed on a longer, thicker pedestal, on a thicker wall that is engraved with lions and elephants respectively. The posture of sitting on the pedestal is a common feature found in many other images and statues of Buddha in East India, which can be made in the style of this statue. Many people were not aware that this statue was not placed here in the archeology surrounding the Buddhagaya area by the British colonial government at that time. According to an article on "Bodh Gaya Sculptures in Sambodhi, 1993" (Buddhagaya Sculptures in the Sambodhi, 1993), RL Mitra noted that the statue was placed in the area of ​​Mahant. Then at the request of Sir Cunningham and Beglar , (archaeologists conducting the great restoration, as mentioned above), the statue was moved to its present location in the Main Hall . Thanks to the merit and intervention of these two venerable people, the statue was placed in the right place in the Main Hall for pilgrims to be admired, instead of being forgotten and wasted inside. Regional side of the Hindu Mahant. 2) Bodhidruma (Bodhidruma) picture_hanh_huong9Tree Bodhi ( Bodhi ), where the Buddha sat beneath and attain supreme enlightenment, standing behind the Great Bodhi Tower. It is a sock -Bat-La tree (belonging to the family Ficus religiosa ), in Pali called the tree " assattha ", meaning peace. Legend says that this tree sprouted at the same time the Buddha gave birth, as a kind of his sahajata - (English: co-natal ). According to many commentaries, many different Buddhas also attained enlightenment sitting under a tree, whatever tree that Buddha chose, and each of those trees became the Bodhi tree , the tree of Enlightenment in the realm of that Buddha. In this realm, the tree of Siddhartha becomes the Tree of Enlightenment or the Bodhi Tree and only the Bodhi Tree of the Buddha is revered. This Bodhi Tree relic is the same symbolic representation of all the Buddhas. It is believed that nowhere in the world can helpfor the majesty of the Buddha's Enlightenment. Ground here very sure , not shaken , moved even when the earth shook the earth to repel Mara and his army come to challenging, disruptive to make you Bodhisattva must leave the seat of Enlightenment. Even the King of Heaven, Sakka Devaraja, could not fly past the Bodhi tree. The supernatural attraction in that place is called the Earth's Center or Navel. In ancient times kings and commoners came to this place to worship the Bodhi tree. Since the Bodhi tree became the object of the honor of Buddhists, it was natural that the tree became the target of destruction by enemies of Buddhism. According to Huyen Trang, the Bodhi Tree was first cut down by King Asoka, but later, the King regretted that he nourished the Bodhi Tree by soaking it with aromatic water and fresh milk on the roots. The King showed such deep respect for the Bodhi tree that a contemporary queen of the king , Tissarakkha , became jealous of the Bodhi Tree.and had someone sneakily destroy the tree. The King continued to revive the tree. After that, the King built a 3m high wall around the tree for protection. After the fall of the Maurya dynasty in the 2nd century BC, the king of the Sunga dynasty, Pusyamitra, who was a torturer of Buddhism, destroyed the Bodhi Tree again . But a seedling of the original Bodhi Tree was brought back from Ceylon, and replanted right there. In the 6th century AD, Sasanka , a Hindu king, again cut down the Bodhi Tree , but later, a sapling of the Bodhi Tree was brought back from Ceylon and planted again by King Purvavarma.of Magadha (Ma-master-da), and he also built a 7.3m high wall to fence the Bodhi Tree . This wall only remained 6.1m when Mr. Huyen Trang visited in history. In 1876, the old Bodhi Tree fell down in a storm and a seedling of the Bodhi Tree was replanted in the same place by Mr. Cunningham . Up to now, this Bodhi Tree is 135 years old. 3) Vajrasana (Vajrasana) The Vajrasana Building is located between the Bodhi Tree and the Great Bodhi Tower. This point truly marks the seat of the Buddha at the moment of the attainment of Supreme Enlightenment. Currently, this site is rated seal by a sandstone boulder 2.3m long, 1.3m wide and 0.9m thick ( H ình 10 ). Pilgrims arriving at this vantage point (full of mindfulness) should take the time to contemplate the Buddha's deeds in order to gain full confidence and the peace that comes from mindfulness to develop insight. close. 4) Buddha Remained 7 Places after Enlightenment After enlightening to become a Buddha on the night of the Full Moon month of Wesak, at dawn, the Buddha sang silently a song of joy, full joy. He decided to continue sitting on the Vajrasana, an unbeaten and supreme seat before the war with the Demon King and he had fulfilled all his previous wishes, including his vow to become a Buddha. That was the time of the whole world, who still remembers to this day. And then, the Buddha fasted for seven weeks and stayed below and around the area near the base of the Bodhi Tree . (i) The First Week: Buddha Meditating On The Diamond Hall (Pallanka Sattaha) picture_hanh_huong10During the first seven days of the first week, the Buddha sat still in one position, experiencing the bliss of Liberation. After 7 days, out of that peaceful concentration and contemplate the theory of Dependent Origination (Paticca Samuppada) for a whole night. (ii) Week Two: Buddha Seeing the Bodhi Tree (Animisa Sattaha) During the second week, in order to show his deep gratitude to the Bodhi tree that protected him during the time of meditation to become a Path, he stood gazing at the Bodhi tree for a week without a moment. winking ( Animisalocana ). Later, in this place, King Asoka erected a memorial tower called Animisalocana Cetiva and still remains today. ( H ình 11 ). (iii) Third Week: Buddha Going Meditation (Cankama Sattaha) During the third week, the Buddha walking up and down in the road near the Bodhi tree, the latter is called " Street Business Administration Ngoc Bau " ( Ratana Cankamana : Executive jewel diameter). ( H ình 12 ). (iv) Fourth Week: Reclining Buddha in the Palace (Ratanaghara Sattaha) In the fourth week, the Buddha meditated in the hermitage , called "The Treasure House" (Ratanaghara: meaning the room made of precious jewels, in the sense of "the precious room") to meditate on the Abhidharma ( Abhidhamma), the philosophy of Absolute Truths, concerns the category of nāma and rupa (mind and matter). While the Buddha contemplated the profound and miraculous philosophy of Conditional Relations ( Patthana , English: Conditional Relations), he rejoiced and aroused great bliss in his omniscient mind, doing luminescent within the body , the Sutras note that his mind and body glow a halo of six colors- Blue, yellow, white, red, pink and a light that combines the 5 colors. The location of this Bao That is marked by a Temple, in front of which there is a stone inscription inscribing where the Buddha sat and meditated on the theory of causation ( Patthana ). This Palace is also located in the campus of the Great Bodhi Tower, close to the north side of the Cankama Sutra (Cankama). ( H ình 13 ). v) The Fifth Week: The Buddha Sitting Under The Tree Ajapala Banyan Nigrodha (Ajapala Sattaha) During the fifth week, the Buddha sat under the Ajapala Banyan tree to meditate on the Dhamma and instill the bliss of liberation. (Ajapala means "goat herder's place." The Banyan tree is a banyan tree, where the local goat herders often rest while grazing the goats.) At the end of the week, when he came out of that supernatural state, a selfish Brahmin (Huhumka Jakita) came up to him and asked him “on what side and what conditions he could to become a saint (Brahmana)? ”. The Buddha answered and pointed out the qualities that a true brahmin should have. This relic site is marked with a sign stone stele attached to a concrete column, inscribed with a commemorative inscription. ( H ình 14 ). vi) Week Six: The Buddha Sitting Under The Mucalinda Tree (Mucalinda Sattaha) The sixth week, the Buddha came to sit under the tree Mucalinda , named after the Snake King (tree of the family Barringtonia acutangula). At that time, it was stormy, cold wind lasted for seven days. Legend has it that, Mucalinda, King of the Snake came up from the lake, wrapped around the Buddha's body and covered the Buddha's head with a large beak to protect and protect him. The site of the monument is also Ao Mucalinda (Ao Mang Xa Vuong) today, in the south and close to the Great Bodhi Tower. ( H ình 15 ). vii) Seventh Week: The Buddha Sitting Under The Rajayatana Tree (Rajayatana Sattaha) 11The seventh week, the Buddha came to sit under the Rajayatana tree , ( of the Buchanania latifolia family ) near the Great Bodhi Tower. At that time, two merchants named Tapussa and Bhallika from Ukkala (Orissa) offered to Buddha sticky rice cakes and honey. After the Buddha finished his meal, the two knelt at his feet and asked to take refuge in the Buddha and his Dharma . They became the first lay Buddhists , taking refuge in Buddha & Dharma ( Nhi Bao ) . Then, the Buddha put his hand on his head and took 8 strands of hair to donate to the first 2 Buddhists. Later, the two brothers returned to Burma with that precious hair relic, which was later worshiped in the Shwedagon Pagoda in Yangon. The site of this relic, in the south of Dai Bo-De Tower, is marked with a sign stone stele attached to a concrete column, inscribed with a commemorative inscription. ( H ình 16 ). 5) Ms Sujata Kuti's House Before Enlightenment, the Bodhisattva was near the bank of the river Neranjara (Ni-Lien-Boats) in Dungeswari cave . The cave is on a hill, called Dhongra Hill , about an hour's walk from Bo-De Dao Trang. After spending 6 years of painful and futile ascetic practice, he decided to follow the Middle Way and started walking towards the Uruvela Forest near the village of Senanigama , where we can see the the ' House of the Sujata ', located on a small strip of land. In the village, we can also visit a Temple , under the shadow of a Banyan tree, which contains statues depicting the scene of Co SujataOffering rice and milk porridge to the Bodhisattva on the day before the night when he became a Buddha. ( H ình 19 ). 6) Uruvela Forest The area, once a forest, is now an area of ​​vegetation, near the Sujata Shrine. Here, we can see a construction relic with a shallow well. ( H ình 20 ). This place is believed to be the 'fire tunnel' of the three Kassapa Ca Lettuce brothers , the Jalita in buns of fire worshiping the god of fire with up to 1,000 disciples . Here, the Buddha also conquered a snake, hiding in the tunnel of fire. The acquisition of the brother Ca Lettuce (Kassapa Uruvela ) took longer. The Buddha had to use divine powers to persuade and transform the Jalitas to worship the god of fire. After Uruvela Kassapa (Sino-Vietnamese read: Uu-long-frequency-speaker Ca-lettuce) became a disciple of the Buddha, two younger brothers, Nadi andGaya , along with their disciples, also followed. After listening to the Buddha's lecture on the Fire Sutras , a thousand monks who had just been ordained to the Sangha had become Arahants (Arahants). 7) Pragbodhi, The place where the Bodhisattva practiced the practice of suffering for 6 years Before the Enlightenment, the Bodhisattva was on the right bank of the river Neranjara (Ni Lien Kien) in a forest near Pragbodhi , in front of Bodhi Hill (Bodhi) . Legend has it that he lived in a small cave called Dungeswari , lying across the slope to the top of the hill. After practicing ascetic practice for six years, he decided to follow the Middle Way, and to the Uruvela forest near Senanigama village, present-day Bakraur village. We climb a steep chunk leading to a small temple called Dungeswari Cave Temple overseen by Tibetan monks. Inside 12the cave Dungeswari, ( H ình 18 ), there is a statue of Bodhisattvawith a body only bones, after 6 years of mortification, austerity. Hill Pragbodhi (lots of ruins on but small mountain, it is called the hill) today called hill Dhongra , ( H ình 17 ), a village northeast about 1 mile (1.6 km), Distance about 30 minutes drive to Rajgir (Citadel). 8) Temples & Monasteries in Bodhgaya ( Bodh Gaya ) Bodhgaya (Bodh Gaya) is the cradle of Buddhism. The area occupies about 15 square kilometers, but within this small area there are 30 monasteries and facilities representing many Buddhist countries around the world, in a small Buddhist community here. A visit to the Temples here will help us to understand how Buddhism is practiced in different countries, according to their local culture, while still following the Dharma. There is also a Vipassana Vipassana Meditation center , such as in the Burmese Vihara and the International Meditation Center.. The list of names, temples, pagodas, Buddhist monasteries and Buddhist facilities recorded in the 1999 Buddha Mahotsav Memorial Program in alphabetical order is as follows: Sangha All India (All India Bhikkhu Sangha), the Cultural Center of Buddhism in Asia (Asian Buddhist Culture Center), Chua Bangladesh (Bangladesh Temple), Management Bodhi Gaya (Buddhagaya Temple Management Committee), Temple Burmese Vihara, Chinese Temple (Chinese Temple), Temple of the Great Tripitaka Japanese (Daijokyo Japanese Buddhist Temple, Dhamma Bodhi Meditation Center, Drikyug Charitable Trust, Druk Nawag Thupten Choeling Temple, Indosan Nipponjee Japanese Temple (Indosan Nipponjee Japanese Temple), Chinese Meditation Center International Meditation Center, Jambunad Vihar Temple, Karma Temple, Korean Temple, Maha Bodhi Society, Maitreya Project, Nav Bauddha Vihar Temple, Panch Sheela Vihar Temple, Root Institute for Wisdom Culture, Royal Bhutan Temple (Royal Bhutan Temple), Thich Ca Monastery (Sakya Monastery), Tam Bo-De Culture and Welfare Association (Sambodhi Welfare and Cultural Society) , Shechen Monastery, Taiwan Temple, Tamang Nepal Temple, Thai Bharat Society, Bodhi Kam Thai Temple,Tibetan Temple, Trailokya Center, Vietnam Quoc Tu Temple and Thai Temple (Wat Thai).END=NAM MO SHAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).GOLDEN AMITABHA MONASTERY=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=THICH CHAN TANH.AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.11/4/2021.