INTRODUCTION TO THE COUNTRY OF INDIA. Sakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism, was born in 624 BC in the Lumbini City of present day Nepal, north of India. He was originally Prince Siddhartha of the Co Dam family (Gautama) of the Capilavastu country. The Crown Prince's father is King Tinh Sanskrit (Suddhodana) and his mother is Queen Maya. At the age of 16, Prince Prince married Princess Da Du Da La (Yasodhara). At the age of 29, Prince Prince entered the Himalayas to ordain to find the way to free suffering for himself and sentient beings. India is a South Asian country, occupying most of the Indian peninsula. India has borders with Pakistan, China, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan and Afghanistan. India is the second most populous country in the world, with a population of over one billion people, and at the same time is the seventh largest in terms of area. The Republic of India appeared on the world map on August 15, 1947. The establishment of the Indian state was the culmination of the peoples' struggle in South Asia to escape British imperial domination. India has a civilization of the Indus River (Indus) flourishing 5 thousand years ago. India is the birthplace of four important world religions: Hinduism (Hindu), Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism. The country of India has a very special geographical position. It is a back against the most majestic Himalayas in the world, overlooking the vast Indian Ocean, and there are two large rivers, the Indo and the Hang Ha, like two fresh milk streams feeding a plateau. la and also the cradle of agricultural civilization settled in ancient times. It is in that great place of heaven and earth many great people are born such as Buddha Shakyamuni, Saint Mahatma Gandhi, sage Jiddu Krishnamurti, poet Rabindranath Tagore, etc. ... and the great and long-standing religions, philosophical schools The world's most formed such as Vedic, Ao Nghia Thu, Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism, etc. Summary of the Life of Buddha Shakyamuni Buddha (Sakyamuni Buddha), who enlightened Buddhism, was born in 624 BC in the city of Lumbini (Lumbini) in present-day Nepal, north of India. He was originally Prince Siddhartha of the Co Dam family (Gautama) of the Capilavastu country. His father is King Tinh Sanskrit (Suddhodana) and his mother is Queen Maya. At the age of 16, Prince Prince married Princess Da Du Da La (Yasodhara). At the age of 29, Prince Prince entered the Himalayas to ordain to find the way to free suffering for himself and sentient beings. After 6 years of study, but Thai Tu Si Dat Ta is still not satisfied with the teachings and practices of the masters he studied. In the end, because of the ascetic practice of forced corpse, he exhausted and collapsed by the river Nairanjana and thanks to the nurse of the female benefactor Sujata (Sujata), he recovered. Then Prince Prince decided to give up the ascetic way of life and start his own practice. He came under the Bodhi Tree to meditate. After 49 days and nights of meditation, the Prince finally achieved full enlightenment and became a Buddha named Shakyamuni Buddha at the age of 35. After enlightenment, The Buddha came to Deer Park to meet up with 5 fellow initiates from before and teach them the enlightenment he has accomplished so that they can attain enlightenment. The first discourse taught by the Buddha - also called turning the wheel of dharma, or rolling the wheel of the Dharma - to the five brothers Kieu Tran Nhu to hear and practice is the Four Noble Truths, the four miraculous truths (Suffering, Volume , Cessation and the Noble Truth). And that was also the first time the Buddha set up the Sangha with three jewels, the Three Jewels: Buddha, Dharma and Sangha. The Buddha walked through the Ganges basin one by one to teach about the method of enlightenment and liberation from then until he entered Nirvana at the age of 80, that is, in 544 BC. Sakyamuni is Sanskrit, the Chinese Buddhist translates as Nang Nhon Tich Mac meaning One has the ability to eliminate ignorance, afflictions and dwell in the silence of Nirvana. The Sanskrit word Buddha is Buddha, Chinese Buddhists translate Enlightenment meaning that the taste is fully enlightened. Enlightenment has 3 meanings: enlightenment oneself (self-enlightenment), enlightenment for others (enlightenment), and complete enlightenment for oneself and people (perfect enlightenment). The content of Buddhist teachings can be summarized in four main points: Impermanence (Anitya), Suffering (Duhkha), No (Sunya), and No Self (Anatma), commonly known as the Four Seals. These four teachings are present in all the system of teachings of the schools of Buddhism from Theravada, Hinayana, Mahayana and even Vajrayana of Tibetan Buddhism. Impermanence is the nature of all psychological and physical phenomena. There is no phenomenon in this world that is free from the domination of the cycle of birth, constancy, singularity and passing away. It is because the phenomena around us are impermanent that make people's life become miserable. Suffering because of birth, old age, illness, death; suffering because everything is out of human control, even our own lives. All phenomena are impermanent and suffering like that tells a very basic fact that all existence is false, not real, is not by its very nature, that is, emptiness. When phenomena are emptiness in their nature, that also means that they have no self, they exist only due to the conditions of harmony. Because of selflessness, Buddhism does not accept the existence of God as the creator of the universe. On the human-life level, Buddhism believes that man and all sentient beings can enlighten the truth by themselves and liberate all suffering in life, by the path of practice to transform karma, because karma is created by man himself and must be stopped by man himself. It should be noted that in the doctrine of karma, Buddhism does not advocate that a soul or any phenomenon exists in the sense of having a self. Because of the deep nature of human suffering and all sentient beings, the Buddha extended compassion to all species and advocated respect for all life, preserving the natural habitat. The image of the life of birth, enlightenment, living, propagating the Dharma, and entering Nirvana under a tree, in the mountains of the Buddha are the images of Buddhism's compassion, non-violence and tolerance. Based on the content of teachings and development history, people divide Buddhism into 3 traditions: Theravada, Theravada Hinayana and Mahayana. Theravada Buddhism was the period when the Buddha was in the world when the Buddha's disciples took refuge and the Buddha's direct teaching as a guide for his practice, during which time the content of the Buddha's teachings was still in form. oral transmission, which means learning by heart, not written down. The Hinayana Sect is the period about 100 years after the Buddha's entry into Nirvana with different explanations of the precepts and teachings leading to the division into sects - there are at least over 20 known sects. - During this period, the Buddha's teachings were gathered and written into writing in four Nikaya or five Arahant sutras which were later translated into Chinese. Mahayana Buddhism started with the movement to bring Buddhism to universalization with the Mahayana sect belonging to the majority and radical. However, Mahayana Buddhism was clearly arose about 600 years after the Buddha's death from the beginning of AD thanks to the movement of the Bodhisattvas Ma Ming (Asvaghosa), Nagarjuna (Nagarjuna), Asanga (Asanga) and the Body Vasubandhu) with the emergence of Mahayana Sutras and Mahayana Abhidhamma texts such as the Prajñā Sutras, Dharma States, Duy Ma Mantis, etc., and the Mahayana Commentaries, Trung Abhidharma, and Great Wisdom Luan Luan, Duy Thuc, etc. In the era of King Ashoka (Asoka - 272-236 BC), thanks to the active support of this Buddhist devout emperor, many Dhamma propaganda missions were sent. spread Buddhism in many parts of the world via waterways, including Ceylon (Sri Lanka), Thailand, Burma, Indonesia, Vietnam, etc. This mission line later historically called Nam Communication of Buddhism. Opposite, Mahayana Buddhism was spread outside the Indian territory in the north to Afghanistan, Tibet, China, Korea, Japan, Vietnam, etc. in the beginning of AD. This mission line is called the Northern Tradition of Buddhism. Buddhism in India has experienced many ups and downs depending on the political dynasties that supported or destroyed Buddhism, of course, of course, the key factor is the prosperity or decline of the inner Buddhist force in which the ranks of monks and nuns and lay Buddhists play a key role. But wait until a historical event through which Buddhism in India was almost completely eliminated, that is the 12th century AD invasion of India by Islam, with the policy of annihilation. Buddhism is rooted in forcing secular monks or the killing of tens of thousands of monks and nuns, who refused to give up their religion, burning all temples, Buddhist scriptures. But, thanks to before that, Buddhism was spread outside of India to neighboring countries, so Buddhism has been widely developed in many countries in Asia. Today, Buddhists around the world can reach over a billion and a half, and Buddhism is one of the most thriving religions in European and American countries. INTRODUCTION TO THE JOURNEY OF THE SOURCES OF THE BUDDHISM With Eastern mysticism, the country of India hides its religious culture, long history and architecture, and captivating legends Distinct charm, unique customs ... all give India a mysterious magical color. Journey back to the sacred roots of the Buddha land through the sites of Holy Garden Lam Ty Ni, Bodh Gaya, Deer Park, Cau Thi Na and the mysterious Ganges ... truly become one of the best experiences for any visitor. The Alsimexco Flight Center's typical Thoughtful Journey of Mind is summarized through the following Map: Alsimexco Fligh Center's Typical Astrological Journey Map An Introduction to Lin-Ni (Lumbini) - The Place of the Buddha's Birth Lam Bhikkhunis is one of the famous pilgrimage places of Buddhism in the Rupandehi district of the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, located about 36km from the Indian Sonauli border. It is said that Queen Mayadevi (Mada) gave birth to Siddhartha Gautama, who later became Shakyamuni and gave birth to Buddhism. Buddha lived for a period of 80 years from 563 to 483 BC. Lin Bhikkhuni is one of the four famous pilgrimage places and also important places associated with the life of the Buddha, the remaining 3 places are Kushinagar (where the Buddha entered Nirvana), Bodh Gaya or many others. known as Bodh Gaya (where the Buddha meditated for 49 days under the bodhi tree and enlightened the Buddhist teachings) and the last place is Sarnath (the first place where the Buddha preached the Dhamma). Lam Ty Ni is located at the foot of the Himalayas. 25km east of the ancient capital city of Ca La Ve, where the Buddha is said to have lived to be 29 years old. Lam Ty Ni has a number of temples and shrines including the shrine of Queen Mada. There is also a Puskarini or Holy pond, where Queen Mada took a dip in the water before giving birth to the Buddha. It is said that when he was born here he stood steady on his two feet, seven steps north facing, Every step of the Buddha was supported by a lotus below. He looked in all four directions, pointing to heaven with one hand pointing to the ground and saying: "I am the most noble and noble in the world! This is the last reincarnation, there will be no more rebirth in this world .. ". In addition, this place also has the remains of the palace Ca Bhikkhu La Ve. In the time of the Buddha, Lin Bhikkhun was a beautiful and full of green garden located between Bhikshuni and Devadaha in Nepal. Queen Mada gave birth to the Buddha here while on her way back to her parents' home to give birth to her first child according to the traditional Indian custom at that time. The relief panels here depict Queen Mada with her right hand holding a branch of a Sala (Shorea) tree with a newborn baby upright on lotus petals, around the head poured an oval halo, and the angels of the heavens were also present. In 249 BC, when King Ashoka (Ashoka) visited Lam Ty Ni, it was also a thriving village. King Ashoka built four towers and a stone pillar. The stone pillar is engraved with words and translated as follows: "I am the king of Ashoka, the belief of the gods, during these 20 years of reign, I made a royal visit to the Buddha's place. was born here… Lam Ty Ni gets one-eighth tax reduction (only). ”She has been neglected for centuries. In 1895, Feuhrer, a famous German archaeologist, discovered large pillars here while he traveled to the low hills of the Churia Mountains. Conducting exploration and excavation in the area around it was discovered a temple made of bricks and sandstone sculpting the birth scenes of Buddha. Theories are put forward that the temple of Queen Mada was built on the foundations of a much larger front temple. To the south of this temple there is a famous sacred lake known as Puskarni. It is believed that Queen Mada bathed in this lake before giving birth to the Buddha. In 1996 an important archaeological discovery of a stone that King Ashoka in 249 BC used to mark the location of the birthplace of the Buddha 2600 years ago. If so, this discovery would make Lin Bhikkhuni even more prominent on the map for millions of Buddhist pilgrims around the world. In the following centuries, Lin Bhikkhuni really became the desire and destination of Buddhist practitioners and scholars. The two Chinese monks, Phap Hien (337-422) and Xuanzang (602-664) - have more or less recorded traces of Lin Bhikkhuni in their works of life after their homeland visits. incense Buddha. And also thanks to the "memoir" of these two Chinese monks, in 1896 Nepali archaeologists excavated and discovered "the Asoka edict" (Asoka pillar) on the land named " Rummindei ”after nearly ten centuries Lin Bhikkhun was abandoned, ruined and forgotten, since the destruction of Buddhist holy sites, terrorized at the hands of Muslim fanatics invading India at the end the 11th century and the 12th century. In 1997, UNESCO officially listed Lam Ty Ni as a world cultural heritage, continued to excavate, restore and embellish Lam Ty Ni. Currently Lin Ty Ni can only build monasteries, not restaurants, hotels, and shops. Currently, this area is divided into two zones, the west and the east. To the east there are monasteries of Theravada Buddhism, to the west there are monasteries of Tonkin Buddhism. Lin Ty Ni is now a remnant compared to the past, including a bodhi tree, an ancient bathing lake, a pillar built by King Ashoka and the temple of Queen Mada. About Bodh Gaya - The place of the Buddha's enlightenment: Bodh Gaya or Bodhgaya, in Vietnamese is Bodh Gaya, is a city in Gaya district, Bihar, India. This is a famous place because it was the place where Buddha was enlightened under the bodhi tree. For Buddhism, Bodh Gaya is the most important place in the life of Shakyamuni Buddha, and 3 other places are Kushinagar. , Lumbini and Sarnath. In 2002, Mahabodhi temple (Great enlightenment self) in Bodh Gaya has become a World Heritage Site. The Mahabodhi (Mahabodhi) is a stone structure with a shikhara in the center. At the very bottom of the temple is a Burmese-style stupa. This monastic complex has been restored by Burmese Buddhists, so in sculpture and architecture it has many Burmese styles. The facade of the central tower and the four corner towers are covered with niches filled with Buddhist statues. Currently, in Bodh Gaya region, along with many pagodas of countries around the world, Vietnam also has 4 pagodas here. It is the Vietnamese Buddhist monk of Master Huyen Dieu, Do Sanh pagoda of a Vietnamese-American monk, Vien Giac pagoda of a Vietnamese-German monk and Ky Hoan monastery of Thich Giac Vien from Vung. Ship. The Great Enlightenment Temple (Mahabodhi Temple) is located in a complex of works located 96 km from Patna. After the Buddha's death, branches extracted from the Bodhi tree were sent to other locations across the country and in the 3rd century BC a branch was brought to Anuradhapura in Sri Lanka, where it flourished. into a big tree. At the end of the 19th century, a branch of this tree was brought back to Bodh Gaya by the British and replanted where the original tree was. Around 250 BC, Emperor Asoka of the Maurya dynasty built a temple commemorating the enlightenment of Buddha at Bodh Gaya, but this temple is no longer present. Another structure was rebuilt on the same site in the 2nd century BC and has been restored many times. Bodhgaya is considered the most sacred holy site of the Buddhist relics in India. Here, always with the special respect of Buddhists and researchers around the world A miracle for anyone who once stopped here, either worshiped, or chanted sutras or prayed. Or start with the Buddha we all have a feeling of peace, a surge of joy, that is the Buddha's blessing for His disciples or anyone who has a little thought. thought of the Buddha's grace. Introduction to Deer Park (Sarnath) - Where the Buddha turned the Falun: Another memorable holy place in the history of Buddhism is Isipitana or Sarnath. Here, in the tranquility of the Deer Park, the Buddha opened the first sermon to 5 brothers Kieu Tran Nhu who previously practiced asceticism with him. The content of the sermon talks about the sufferings of human life and the ways to neutralize those sufferings. This event has been dubbed "Zhuan Falun," meaning that the Buddha turned the first wheel of dharma to mark a glorious era of a religion that has endured for more than 2500 years. Sarnath is the origin of the religion founded by Buddha Shakyamuni. Thus, Sarnath became the largest Buddhist center in existence for over 1500 years. In the first centuries of the Buddhist flourishing period, under the reign of King Ashoka, Sarnath became a famous place of debate between sects and religions. Phap Hien and Tran Huyen Trang came to worship this relic in the 5th and 7th centuries AD. They have left us with many valuable documents about the history of this holy place. Here, King Ashoka also sent someone to build a pillar to mark the hideout area in many different large and small buildings of more than 1500 Buddhist monks to Sarnath. In those remaining relics, one must mention a beautiful temple with a bronze Buddha statue in the form of turning the wheel of dharma, an ancient tower and a stone pillar. All were built by King Ashoka. This sanctuary has flourished in many dynasties and has also been restored many times. According to inscriptions and archaeological evidence, it is known that the temple containing the Buddha Zhuan Falun was restored by order of the late Kumaradevi in ​​the first half of the 12th century BC. Soon after, the site was completely destroyed by the armies of Muhammad Ghori, the army of Huns and Mahmud Ghazni, but Sarnath was restored due to the efforts of Buddhist monks and nuns everywhere. However, later on, as Buddhism declined in India, Sarnath, a famous and splendid historical site once destroyed, was lost in the ruin of the dust of time. Today, the Indian archaeological institute has spent a lot of energy and money in the excavation and restoration of the holy place of Sarnath. When we reach Sarnath from the direction of Varanasi, we will see an octagonal plane made of bricks protruding from the ground. This plane is a remnant of a tower that marks the place where the Buddha went to meet 5 brothers Kieu Tran Nhu. This octagonal tower was last restored by emirate Akbar in 1588, under the Gupta dynasty. Among the ruined remains that have not been destroyed by the armies is Dhamekh tower 150 feet above the ground. This tower was built with durable materials, giant stone blocks of bricks and pillar shape. The statues carved on the top of the tower tell us that Dhamekh stupa was built in the Gupta dynasty in the 6th century BC. The word "Dhamekh" comes from the Sanskrit word "Dharmekh - Dharma". Not far from this tower to the West is a small tower built by King Ashoka. King A Duc's tower built, according to the description of Tran Huyen Trang, may be the place where the Buddha meditated to give sermons to 5 brothers Kieu Tran Nhu. A little further north, is an elaborate engraved lion-head cylinder. This lion pillar is now on display at the nearby archaeological museum. At this tower, We still see remains of large stone fragments of the main hall floor and large and small columns of a main gate leading to the main entrance to the main hall of the tower. In addition, we also see a lot of fragments of Buddha and Bodhisattva statues bearing the mark of sculpture of many different dynasties. The most beautiful sandstone carved Buddha image of Zhuan Falun Buddha is a beautiful statue bearing the Gupta Dynasty sculpture mark. All sculptures of this era are carved according to eight historical events of Buddha's life such as Buddha's birth, enlightenment, turning the wheel of dharma, entering Nirvana, performing miracles, etc. is a stone ashram fully engraved with the Four Noble Truths discourse in the ancient Pali language. Although much devastated over time, Sarnath still attracts tourists to come to India to remember the image of the Father Diep and his gospel still resound indefinitely in the heart of the Buddha. On the way of spiritual journey to sacred India to worship the Four Caves of Tam, usually the Buddhas in particular or tourists in the world in general after landing at the Delhi airport, the first visit. The first city will be Varanasi. Here visitors will admire the Sarnath relic, the beautiful sacred Deer Park, where the Buddha transported the first Dharma wheel, started the journey of propagating the Dharma to save birth and visit the sacred Ganges river. mystical spirit. Next, the spiritual journey will bring people to worship the Bodhi-rectang relics (where the Buddha attained enlightenment). relics Kusinagar (where the Buddha entered Nirvana) and relics Lam-nuns (where the Buddha was born)…. It is a spiritual journey according to geographical space. If according to the time of the Four Caves of Mind, pilgrims must fly in Nepal to worship the relics of Lam-nuns, then visit the Bodhidharma relics, worship the Sarnath relics, and finally paying homage to the Kusinagar relic… such a journey would not go smoothly, so it was often more difficult. In the scope of this article, we together learn about the relics of Sarnath, Deer Park, where the Three Jewels were first established in the middle of life. Introduction to Verse Thi Na (Kushinagar) - The place where the Buddha passed into nirvana: Where the Buddha, after 49 years of tireless teaching, put his footprint on a large area of ​​the Ganges basin, he entered Immaculate residual medicine Nirvana. In 543 BC, On a full moon night of Magh month (January-February), in the village of Beluva near Vaishali, the Buddha preached the impermanence of all things and declared that his nirvana day was coming. Saying goodbye to Vaishali, Buddha began a 280km long journey towards the village of Pava, Kushinagar. Here, he received the last meal of the blacksmith Chunda and rested in the sala forest on the banks of the river Hiranyavati. After asking among the disciples if anyone else needed to ask anything else, the Buddha gave his final sermon, saying, “Remember, all conditioned phenomena are impermanent. Be diligent, don't let go of the lung ”. After the lecture, he passed away, he was then 80 years old. Coming to this holy place, pilgrims often worship sacred places such as: Mathakuar Palace, where the Buddha gave his last sermon; Nirvana Temple and Tower, where the Buddha passed away; Angrachaya cremation tower, where the cremation of the Buddha body; and relics division tower Rambhar.END=NAM MO SHAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).GOLDEN AMITABHA MONASTERY=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=THICH CHAN TANH.AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.14/3/2021.VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=THICH CHAN TANH.