HISTORY OF BUDDHISM WORLD

VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=THICH CHAN TANH.

     Since the Buddha's passing on Nirvana more than 2,500 years ago, Buddhism has been propagated in India and then south to Thailand, Burma ..., going north to Tibet, China, Vietnam, Japan ... Currently Buddhism has spread around the world to Europe and the Americas and is widely accepted by the sublime (inconceivable) philosophy of Buddhism, which is consistent with the roots of all beings. This section of World History aims to briefly outline the Buddhist developments since Buddha's death.

    I. Law collection:

Concentration of the first  discourse : Not long after the Buddha attained Nirvana, Venerable Mahā Lapa gathered 500 monks and nuns at Trung Cac lecture hall, on the Di Hau river, in the Pi Xa Ly citadel, to preparing to collect the law. Out of these 500 monks, 499 had attained Arhat, except for Venerable Ananda.

At that time, Venerable Dai Ca Lettuce said to the monks: "Behold, sages, on my way back to the city of Sentence (Kusinàrà) to pay homage to the Blessed One for the last time, when I heard that he had entered Nirvana, a sad thing happened: While the monks lamented and cried miserably, unable to control the mercy of the Blessed One, some people staggered on the ground, unable to walk, the Bhikkhu Nan Nan Da ( Upananda) is walking in front of them, telling them to shut up and say: "The elder often taught us to do this, we shouldn't do that; Should learn these things, should not learn those things, it is annoying. We are now able to get rid of that suffering today, whatever you want to do, no one can stop it anymore. "I heard that, feeling pain and anxiety. Nowadays, although Buddha has Nirvana,

The monks all agreed with the words of Venerable Dai Ca Lettuce, and said, "Elder, Ananda often comes to the Blessed One. We should invite the Master among those who conclude the Vinaya ".

Venerable Ca Diep immediately said: "Ananda is still in a position to learn (right to learn), and she is also dominated by craving, anger, delusion and fear. She should not attend."

However, at this time Venerable An Nan was staying in Pi Xa Ly town, day and night often preaching for them. People listen to the dharma equally as when Buddha was alive. Here, there was a Bhikkhu from Bat Ky who was meditating upstairs, because the noisy atmosphere could not wander in the eight samsara, and contemplated whether Ananda was enlightened or not, then he saw that Ananda was still at the school level, immediately went to Ananda and read the verse:

"Sitting under the tree away from the
mind to Nirvana.
Meditation not distracting How
much is it useful to say?"

A Nan heard the monk read such a shelf, knowing that Ca Lettuce did not allow himself to attend the collection of Vinaya, so at the beginning of the night, the middle of the night and at the end of the night, he was diligently going on a business trip, hoping to be freed, but still not reached. By midnight, his body was extremely tired, he was going to lie down for a moment, then tilted his head to his knees, when his head had just dabbed, he suddenly stopped all smuggling or. The monks knew this and said to Ca Lettuce: "A Nan was freed last night, now he should be among the people who practice the Vinaya". Ca Lettuce immediately accepted the offer. Then the venerable Venerable Wang Xa became a meeting place; because here is full of facilities and food.

At that time, 500 Arhats came to Wang Xa citadel. In the first month of summer, they repair the rooms and prepare tools second month meditation to enjoy the legal position of liberation; until the third month we can gather together. Then, Venerable Ca Lettuce nominated Venerable Ushwa Ly to recite the Vinaya, and was approved by the public. Ca Lettuce began to ask Uu Ba: What is the Buddha's order first, where is it, who is wrong, what is the crime, etc. (Sudinna) first violation, etc. A person asks, a person answers, and finally asks the public again, the public also fully agrees with the presentation of Venerable Uu Ba Ly. This work took 80 times to complete, including all Bhikkhu and Bhikshunis, and was named the Eightfold Law.

Next, Venerable Ca Lettuce nominates Venerable Ananda to gather the sutras and be unanimously popular. The Venerable Ananda in turn gathered the following sutras: Most Increase, Increase, Great Causality, Increase States, Sa subjects, Pham Dong and Buddhist sermons to monks, monks, nuns. , Uu di di, Chu Thien and humanity. The long sutras are gathered into a set called the A-field, the average sutras aggregate into a set called the Trung-A-function. The sutras for many subjects such as Bhikkhu, Bhikshuni Ni, Uu rules of rules, Uma di and Chu Thien gathered into a set called Tap A Ham. The sutras in turn speak from one dharma ascending to eleven dharma aggregates into a set called Tang Nhat A Ham. In addition, the collection of sūtras covers many issues into a set called the Tripitaka.

Collection of second laws: 

After Buddha Nirvana about 100 years, the Bhikkhu Bat Ky in Bhikkhu Ly proposed 10 illegal things as follows: 1 / Bhikkhu eat ginger salt to spend overnight is still legal, 2 / Bhikkhu eat, receive get another food, use two fingers to hold the food to eat is still legal, 3 / Bhikkhu finished eating, leave the place, then sit to eat still legal, 4 / Bhikkhu finished eating, go to another place to eat more still legal, 5 / Bhikkhus using sugar milk to drink outside the main meal is still legal, 6 / Bhikkhu drinking alcohol made from fruit is still legal, 7 / Bhikkhu is optional as a big or small instrument just for me is still legal, 8 / Bhikkhu can do the things that when lay people did still legal, of course there are things that can be done and some cannot be done, 9 / In a stay there a group of bhikkhus made their own legal place, then asked them to accept the legal method,10 / Bhikkhu can collect and store gold and silver, money is still legal.

Then, on the 8th, 14th and 15th, the monks often sat in a crowded place, passing a bowl of water in front of them, told everyone that it was a good omen, and asked them almsgiving:

"In the goodness of these things, alms, shoes and medicine". Those who want to give, immediately give, those who do not want to give, blame, destroy, saying: "Monk Thich Tu should not receive gold, silver and money, if anyone gives it, he should not give eyes look, now why is this game of giving alms like this? ".

At that time, the elder Da Xa in the Trung Cac lecture hall, on the river Di Hau saw that, immediately said to the monks: "Don't show them such an act of generosity. My ears have heard the Buddha's teachings. : People who ask for alms are unlawful, and those who ask for alms to those who are unlawful, both are guilty. " He said to the monks, then told the young and old white men and women, "Don't give alms like that. I have personally heard the Buddha teach: People who pray for unlawfulness and who give alms to those who ask for illegal things, both are guilty ".

When the monks received gold and silver and money, they immediately shared it with Da Xa and told him, "Venerable can accept this part".

Da Xa replied: "I do not accept the alms due to illegal things like that".

- If the teacher does not accept it can give monks.



Then, the monks then accused Da Xa that the Teacher had told the white-collar before that, doing so was insulting white, so they punished Da Xa with the method of posting ghosts (please other).

After complying with the legal notice, Da Xa immediately told the monks to appoint a bhikkhu to accompany him to the white houses to apologize to them. Da Xa went to the 500 prosecutor gathered, said to them, "You should know, what I am saying is Dharma, what is illegal, I am saying is illegal, what is law I say righteous law, what is illegal, I say lawlessness, what I was told by Buddha I said it was taught by Buddha, what was not taught by Buddha I said it was not taught by Buddha. I said that, angering the Madonna, so I came to apologize today. "

The pros and cons of hearing that, panicked, said, "Venerable, when Venerable says this is the dharma, this is the law, this is the Buddha's teaching, which makes us angry and now we have to apologize?".

On the other hand, Da Xa just told them that, once upon a time in Vuong Xa citadel, the Blessed One told the emperors of King Binh Sa King: "Monk Sakyamuni should not store precious gold and silver and use it. to trade ". Then Buddha gave an example of the sun, the moon is not clear because it is obscured by four kinds of smoke, dust and astral. Also, Sa Mon Thich Tu is also obscured by the following 4 things: 1 / Not eradicate craving, do impure things, 2 / Passionate not to give up meat, 3 / Specialist in doing evil things to contrive 4 / Collect precious gold and silver and use it to trade for profit. Only those who view the five desires as purity can store the precious gold and silver, and use it for trading, and then view it as a legitimate work. Buddha used to say: "If a bhikkhu needs a car, he will ask for a car. If he needs someone, he will ask someone to help him.

Da Xa repeated the Buddha's teaching and asked the Uchiha rules whether it is the law and the Buddha's teaching. They all agreed to admit that they were right, and said: "At Bhikkhu Citadel, only Venerable Da Xa is number one among Shakyamuni." Then, they asked the abbot to stay at Pi Xa Ly city so that they would offer all things (4 necessary items for a lifetime).

After that, Da Xa left the laity and returned to his country of origin. The Bhikkhu Bat Ky know Da Xa is trusted by the pros, should turn to convict teachers pedagogical Three problems, because previously offended the Bhikkhu, so must repent. Da Xa asserted that he was innocent so there was no reason to repent. The Bhikkhu Bat Ky then gathered, intending to post the guilty conviction Da Xa stubbornly not plead guilty. Seeing the thrilling situation, Da Xa immediately used magical power to fly to Ba Tuan country. On the way, he met 60 Bhikkhus who attained enlightenment, continental, were disciples of Ananda, and immediately asked them to gather to eliminate the 10 illegal things of the Bat Ky Bhikkhu group, and he continued continue to mobilize two other groups of monks, each group of 30 people. They have also attained the supreme virtue as the previous Bhikkhu group, and everyone enthusiastically responded to his righteous work.

At that time, the elder Ly Ba Da gained from the heart of eighty, there were many people, living in Cau Xa Di. Da Xa also went there to invite the elder to join, and the elder also rejoiced.

The monks of Bat Ky heard the news that Da Xa had come to see the elder Ly Ba Da, and they filled the boat with robes of Sam Mon and other necessary items, and went there to bribe the elder to support the elder. . In that boat, there was a Bhikkhu named Sa Lan who, seeing the complicated situation, said that based on the contemplation of the law of contemplation of whether the Bhikkhus at the States of Dharma were acting rightly or illegally, he saw that they were illegal. Suddenly, in the air, the angel called out three times: "That's right! That's right! The monks of Bat Ky act illegally as you have seen."

When going to the sentence Xá Di, the Bhikkhu Bat Ky immediately on the face of the elders Ly Ba Da and said, "We bring a lot of essential items of Sa Mon come to offer great virtue, hope great virtue loaded life ". The elder refused to say, "My bowl of medicine is full and nothing is needed." They again begged: "If you do not receive much, please get a little greater merit." The elder asserted, "My bowl of medicine is enough to be unable to accept more of the teachers' things in an illegal way."

Knowing that Elder Ly Ba Da had a disciple named Dat Ma, who was often with him, the Bhikkhus at Bat Ky immediately asked for offerings to the teacher and the teacher refused. They persuaded, "When Buddha was still alive, people came to make offerings to the Buddha. If Buddha didn't accept it, they would make offerings to Ananda and Ananda will accept it. Dat Ma immediately heard that receive an object. Receiving and immediately asked: "What do you want to coerce alms for me?". They replied, "We would like to extend great virtue to the Venerable Master, to assist us with all our might, not to let Da Clinic break our laws."

Dat Ma immediately came to his teacher and said, "The Venerable should support the Bhikkhus of Bat Ky," Ly Ba Da said, "Those who do illegal things, we do not support." Dat Ma said, "Hope you think again". Ly Ba Da immediately rebuked Dat Ma: "Now you advise me to support those who are illegal, you are not my disciple anymore. From now on, you should not be around me."

The feared, shameful Dalai came to tell the Bhikshus on the last event and they comforted and advised him not to be afraid.

Then, the elder Ly Ba Da thought, "If we eradicate their illegal things here, they will arise again, so we must go to their abode together to eliminate them." Thinking so, immediately with Da Xa to become Xa Xa Ly. In this city, there is a monk named Nhat Thiet Khue, the teacher is the most powerful Venerable in the line of Shakyamuni in this realm of Pluto, having attained Arahantship, there is tam minh, continental, also the largest disciple of Ananda. Da Xa immediately discussed with Ly Ba Da and went to meet with Nhat Thiet Khue to discuss the work that he would do. After meeting Venerable Nhat Thiet Khue, greetings finished, Ly Ba Da went to the Venerable's room alone, spread the instrument to rest in peace. At night, Ly Ba Da thought: "This Venerable Nhat Thiet Khue is too old and still tries to meditate all night, so now we are not allowed to rest." Nhat Thiet Khue also thought: "

The two meditate all night thinking about each other like that. At the end of the night, Nhat Thiet Khu asked Ly Ba Da: "What type of meditation do you enter tonight?"

Ly Ba Da replied: "I am very compassionate, I entered from the mind tonight."

- That's the kind of gross meditation. Not that Master has attained Arahant yet?

- It has been acquired. What kind of meditation does the Venerable tonight enter?

- As I like to visualize about "no", last night I entered not eighty.

- That is the job of a great man. Because not eighty is the law of great people. But has the Venerable attained Arhat yet?

- It has been acquired.

- So could the Venerable tell us, is salt allowed to use at night?

- That should be asked among the Sangha, if asked personally, the illegal people will consider me to be biased and will not accept me into the discussion section of the Bhikshuni (precepts).

At that time, Ly Ba Da immediately gathered the monks to discuss the monks and nuns, but because they were crowded, the atmosphere was noisy, unpredictable, and so the monks recommended that the white ghost nominate a number of representatives to hold. hold meetings and be assertive about things. The first group of Bhikkhu at Bat Kỳ first nominated 4 candidates: 1 / Nhất Thiết Khế, 2 / Lý Bà Đa, 3 / Real Xa Tôn, 4 / Từ Ma Na. The Ba Loi bhikkhu group also nominated 4 people: 1 / Tam Phu Da, 2 / Sa Lan, 3 / Truong Phat, 4 / Ba Sa Lam.

The Venerable monks were unanimously invited by the Sangha to choose the garden of a female benefactor who offered them to monks, at Pi Xa Ly as the meeting place.

Then Ly Ba Da asked Venerable Nhat Thiet The first point: "Is salt allowed to be used at night?"

Nhat Thiet Khuc answer: "Not used".

- Where did Buddha formulate this?

- In Wang Xa citadel.

- By whom?

-Due to a Bhikkhu in A place of grace.

- Pham about what?

- Pham on the use of food to night, guilty of three problems.

Then, Ly Ba Da concluded: That is the law, that is the law, that is the Buddha's teaching, the Bhikkhus at Bat Ky do illegal, illegal, contrary to the Buddha's teaching, now put down a card.

And so on, Ly Ba Da asked, Nhat Thiet Khue replied, until the end of 10 illegal things.

Next, these 8 elected the four representatives: Nhat Thiet Khue 136 years old, Ly Ba Da 120 years old, Tam Phu Da and Da Xa all 110 years old, who are responsible for making decisions. of the last Congress announced before 700 Arhat, according to the formula Ly Ba Da asked and Nhat Thiet Khue responded as above. Finally, Ly Ba Da concluded: "What is not made by the Buddha, it is not arbitrary to rule, what the Buddha has set, it is not violated. Monks must study hard what Buddha taught." .

This gathering has just 700 Arhat, so called the gathering of 700 people.
 

Collection of third laws:

100 years after Buddha Nirvana, the second assembly of Dharma Bodhisattva took place, and after the second episode of 118 years, the third practice took place. Thus, this gathering happened after Buddha. Nirvana 218 years, that is 325 years before the Western calendar. This congress was initiated and sponsored by Emperor Asoka (Asoka).

King Ashoka was born about 200 years after Buddha Nirvana, or about 340 years before the Western calendar. When he was young, he was originally violent, so he was not liked by his father, so he was taken to take a remote land. When his father passed away, he immediately brought his troops back to the court, killing his eldest brother, Prince Tu Ma Na (Sumara) and all other brothers, leaving only his brother and mother, Dai Dai Da (also called Emperor Tu) and then ascended the throne. After being angry, for the first 3 years, the king only served in pagan religion, following the tradition of the king. By the third year, he saw a novice named Nê Nrodrod (Nigrodha). , the appearance of generosity, so the king released the heart of the Buddha Dharma.

The novice was the son of Tu Ma Na when the king murdered his royal brothers and sisters, and his sister-in-law, the wife of Tu Ma Na, became pregnant and escaped. She later gave birth to Ne Cu Da. Ne Cu Da up to 7 years old, the A la Han Luu Na (Mahàvaruna) degrees for renunciation as a novice. The story goes that, when the guru took off, his hair had not yet reached the ground, Nue Da Da had attained Arhat. This novice, in an ancient past life, was the brother of Asoka. The two brothers devoutly practice, creating merit. Because of this predestined relationship, when he saw him, King Asoka immediately got sympathy. Moreover, thanks to cultivating merit in the past, the king easily respected the Three Jewels, and made offerings to the Sangha. them fervently. The number of people receiving the King's offerings is up to six hundred thousand each day. At the same time, the king built 84,000 old temples and tectonic buildings 84.

When the stupas and monasteries were completed, the king opened a feast day, offering generous offerings to monks. Seeing the majesty and noble conduct of the Saints, the king became even more confident in the miraculous Buddha-dharma. Therefore, the king gave a son, Ma San Da (Mahinda) and a daughter, Sanghamitta, a monk at the same time. Ma San Da was exactly 20 years old. The Venerable Master of the Teacher is Maudalip Tu De (Moggaliputta - tissa) and the Old Monk just 18 years old, the Venerable Her Teacher is Dam Ma Ba La (Dhammapàli).

The king became more and more enthusiastic in supporting the Buddha Dharma, making solemn offerings to them, and the pagan's alms-seeking alms became increasingly difficult every day. As a result, they joined the ranks of the Sangha more and more. Among them, some come from fire worship, some are naked, and some are cold water beams. Due to infestation of the heathen way of life, even though they had entered the Sangha, these new monks were still behaving like heathen. They even taught pagan rules to the followers, causing the Buddha Dharma to become chaotic, so true monks could not harmonize slapping, self-reliance and making the Buddha work with them. . The instability lasted forever, causing the monks to live in a rift, discord, for 7 years without being slapped. King Ashoka witnessed the division of the Sangha like that, so it was heartbreaking. In order to reorganize the Sangha ranks, the king sent a high-ranking mandarin to bring his decree to the monasteries, commanding them to join together in the slapping of the Bodhisattva. But they said nothing. The Registrar did not know what to do, but he returned to the court and discussed with a fellow bureaucrat. obey the command and kill; in this case, you must do the same ". everyone who disobeys the order kills; In this case, you must do the same ". everyone who disobeys the order kills; In this case, you must do the same ".

Hearing you say it makes sense, the Kham wrong returned to the monastery, questioning the Venerable: "The Great King has decreed that the Sangha must harmonize the precepts, why don't you obey?" The Venerable replied, "Your Highness! Because the monks do not refuse to be slapped with the pagan monks, not obey."

Immediately, the Kham Sai immediately plucked the sword to kill that Venerable, and in turn killed to the monk Túc Đại Đa, Túc Đại Đa lied that he stopped his hand so that he would not indiscriminately kill innocent people. Yuan Kham had to stop, then returned to the court to see the king.

Now talk about the reason that made Dai Dai become a monk: After King Ashoka ascended the throne, he was named Prince Dai Da as a Crown Prince. One day, Túc Đại Đa entered the forest to visit, suddenly saw deer working according to living beings' instincts to maintain their race. He thought: "These deer eat green grass, drink water, but in the same way, the monks stay in a closed room, have warm blankets and mattresses, eat well enough so they probably won't do it." Then he returned to the palace, bringing his naive thoughts to Aso, the king heard it, saying to himself: "It is strange! It is not suspicious but suddenly there is doubt. There is no difference. in the middle of nowhere, " Therefore, in order to teach him a lesson, the king secretly devised a plan, causing him to commit a serious crime and be executed. At that time, the angry king told his brother: "

Then Túc Đại Đa was crowned as a jeweler, dwelling on the emerald palace floor, with a beautiful lady's bow, a singing and singing and all sorts of wonderful dishes. But he paid no heed to such things and was so anxious to die that his body was extremely emaciated.

After 7 days, Aso asked Dai Da Da in the past to enjoy such an extremely rich and beautiful pleasure, whether or not he enjoyed it, Túc Đại da would confess his confession. The King said, "Just because you know your life in 7 days will end, you still panicked, forgot to eat and sleep, your body became so exhausted, let alone the monks in every breath think. perhaps impermanence, not knowing how long the death, try to ask where the mind is more and immersed before the objects of life? ".

Having words like opening his heart, Tuc Dai Da immediately gave birth to the Buddha Dharma and soon he became a monk.

Recalling the matter first, when the Kham sai officer was stopped by Tuc Dai Da. He immediately returned to the king to attend the event. The King heard that in awe, in extreme pain, fainting, falling to the ground. When the king awoke a long time ago, the governor said: "I have come to the abbey to order the monks to harmonize the sermon, not to tell them to kill them!" Then, the king immediately came to ask the monks, in the last case, the king was guilty or the other Khâm was guilty. Among the monks, some said that because of the king's order, they were unjustly dead, so the king was guilty. Some people say both are guilty. But some people were more calm, asked if the king intended to kill or not, the king replied that he only wanted to build the Sangha, create merit and not kill the mind. He concluded: "If the mind is like that,

Through different presentations like that, the king became more puzzled, immediately asked the monks, who could make the king suspicious or suspicious. The monks said that only the elder Maudgalyāyi Tu Tu, who had reached the three vipas, attained Arahantship, could put an end to the king's suspicion. After listening to the instructions, the king immediately reported from the monks, returned to the royal court, and prepared the offerings. After finishing the work, the king sent people to the monastery to ask Maudgalyāyapa to Tu Tu and the masses to go to the royal life. After the boy finished, the king invited the elder Dai Tu and the Sangha to an established ashram in Vien Lam (Uyana). When he arrived, to make sure the elder could get rid of his doubts, the king asked the elder to test some miracles. The elder had rejoiced to his request, making the king so impressed that he thought the evil would eradicate, Buddha Dharma will be manic again. Then, the king brought the former matter to question the elder. The elder asked the king: "Then did the great king have a mind to kill or not?" The elder asserted, "If there is no mind to kill, great king is innocent." Then the elder brought the sūtra to teach the king. After listening to the dharma, all questions in the king's heart were cleared. Next the elder presented what is lawful, what is illegal, what is legal, what is illegal, what is taught by Buddha and what is not taught by Buddha ... The king is blessed listen to the Dharma continuously for 7 days. With the joyful mood after listening to the dharma, the king thought that this time of gathering the dharma would surely succeed, he immediately sent the person to prevent the ashram into two areas, a and b. Those who share the same interpretation are in the same area. At the same time, each region sent a representative to answer the king's questions.

Then, the king asked the representative of an area: "Venerable Venerable, how is Buddha Dharma?". They went limp. Some people say it's normal; someone said that the paragraph; Some people say there is thought, there are people who say that neither thought nor thought; Some people say the world is Nirvana ... ".

The king heard them responding wildly like that, knowing that this group of monks is really pagan, not true monks. Therefore, the king ordered them to remove their uniforms, bestow white clothes, and kick them out of the sangha. Then the king went to the area of ​​the other six thousand monks, asking the representative: "Venerable Venerable, how is Buddha Dharma?". He replied: "Your Majesty, the Buddha discerned his teaching according to each level." Turning to the elder Maudgalyāyana Tu Tu, the king asked, "Is that true, Lord Venerable?". The elder replied, "Yes, my lord." Knowing that the Buddha Dharma had been purified, the king asked the monks to preach the slap back, and sent someone to protect them and then bid farewell and return.

After the king left the ashram, six hundred thousand monks immediately appointed the elderly Maudgaly Lien Tu De Tu to chair and select 999 monks who were adherent to the Tripitaka, attained the three vidas, opened the assembly to assemble the dharma collection . The aggregation procedure this time was the same as the previous two, not different. Therefore, the Buddha Dharma returned to purity, all chaos and defilements were eliminated.

This congregation gathered for 9 months, it was completed, presided over by the elder Maudgaly Lien Tu De Tu, 999 attendees of Arahant attended, so called the gathering of 1000 Arhat.END=NAM MO SHAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).GOLDEN AMITABHA MONASTERY=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=THICH CHAN TANH.AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.11/6/2020.