LESSON 6: TEN RELIGION OF BUDDHISM IN CHINA

UNIVERSAL BUDDHISM 2

SRAMANA=THICH THIEN HOA.

COURSE V:  HISTORY OF BUDDHISM,

10 RELIGIOUS AND UNIVERSE OF CHILDREN

Lesson 6:  TEN RELIGION OF BUDDHISM IN CHINA

LAW ON TON.VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY=THICH CHAN TANH.

Not only Buddhism, all the major religions in the world, over time and development, have divided into many sects. It is a natural thing to have it so that different faculties and situations are suitable. Otherwise, the path cannot be developed in depth nor breadth. More than any religion, Buddhism does not have the dogma of revelation, does not have a solid, restrictive spirit in the form of narrow, pragmatic, but on the contrary, very liberal, free, easy to drill peace, harmony, so Buddhism can go anywhere can develop according to the basis and specific circumstances in that locality. Therefore, Buddhism has many distinct colors when it spreads over countries. 

In China alone, Buddhism had ten divisions. Each sect has its own characteristics, but never beyond the teachings of Buddha. These sects are like different roads, with straight lines, high and low roads, and wide and narrow roads, but each path has a common purpose. Practitioners will depend on their intellectual level, ability and interests to choose the path that best suits them to practice. In this way, the practice can quickly produce results. 

The ten religions in China are: Religious law, Pure Land religion, Zen Buddhism, Dharma religious teachings, Secret religion, Thien Thai religious beliefs, Serious Chinese religious beliefs, Religious treatises, Amnesty and Honesty principles. 

Of these 10 religions, Honnesty and Honesty respect the policy of Hinayana; The Venerable Law and Meditation practice both Mahayana and Hinayana, while the other 6 religions belong to Mahayana. 

The meaning of the religions is very mysterious, the classics are also very much, want to understand thoroughly, need to study meticulously for many years. Within the scope of this popular Buddhist course, we cannot go into each religion. Here, we should only know a little about the doctrine and get acquainted with the nouns of those religions, so that there is a place for initiation. Later, when studying higher, we will go into each sect and will depending on the basis of their preferences to choose one of them to practice. 

LAW ON TON 

I. STARTING UP TON RESERVATION  

Religion use the Law as a base should be called Religious Law. Buddha when still in the world, depending on the basis, depending on the circumstances that invented a variety of precepts to teach the disciple, the sentient beings. After he entered Nirvana, his disciples, like Uighur Ba-Li, who was adept at the precepts standing on the seat of dharma during the first canonical collection, recited the precepts which Buddha invented. This episode was not written in scripture, so He Uu-Ba-Li had to read it over and over 80 times, so much that everyone in the congregation memorized it. Therefore, the new name is "Eightfold law". Later, sequentially over time, the original Buddhism split into many branches, or sects. Each faction has its own set of rules. Among these laws, the most frequently mentioned and applied ones are: Ten Litigation, Four Parts, Increase Period, and Five Parts. 

These laws were transmitted to China and translated into Chinese literature. By the Tang dynasty, Mr. Tri Thu Luan annotated the ministries, and his disciple, the Propaganda Lawyer, realized that among them, the Four-part law was suitable for the Chinese roots, so go to this Code to make a Law on religion. Dao Dao Tuyen was from Chung Nam Son, so the people also called this religion “Chung Nam Son Ton” to distinguish it from other religious laws, such as those of the Dharma monks on the right of the faction's general, or Mr. Hoai To in The East.  

Among these religions, only the Law of His Excellency Chung Nam Son is the most popular and propagated until now, because it reconciles both Mahayana and Hinayana. 

II. RELIGION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF LAW 

Every organization, a right job, must follow certain rules. Above all, the practice is even more subject to strict rules. As we all know in the basic teachings, karma is the main motive of the human universe. Karma determines all our lives. Karma has three types: the karma of action, the karma of words and the karma of thought. If those karma are pure, do not create evil, then we do not receive the result of birth and death. No result of samsara, of course, is liberation. If the karma is pure, then we must uphold the precepts. Preserving the precepts, is a method of austerities in many methods that Buddha has invented. This method is very practical and very effective for us Buddhists: 

- To observe the precept not to kill and kill animals, to be non-violent, to be imprisoned, to be saved from hell in the three paths of hell, to be hungry, to die, and to be killed, that is tu. 

- To keep the precepts from not robbing and robbing people, at the moment, making honest people free from being shackled and shackled, the next life without retribution, being robbed by house robbers, that is spirituality. 

- Maintain precepts without adultery, currently be a good person, your family and someone who is not harassed, beaten, miserable by jealousy, that is cultivation. 

- To keep the precepts not to lie, not to be insolent, miserable, extra, pierced, not to speak cruelly and vulgarly, then not to be despised by others, to be respected, that's spirituality. 

- To keep the precepts of not gambling, smoking, drinking, then from losing money, debt, from being drunk, doing evil and from being despised, wise by growth, that is spirituality. 

In general, keeping a precept is to prevent a sin, and to add a good thing; to keep many precepts is to prevent many sins and to add many good things. Therefore, should keep the precepts is a practice not far from reality and is essential for the Buddhists to lead liberation. 

By keeping the "precepts" not doing sinful things, the mind is "set"; due to concentration should emit "wise wisdom". Thanks to the wise wisdom should eradicate ignorance, and be mindful of becoming Buddha. 

Practitioners at home hold the precepts, new Buddhists chon Chief. The renunciation of novice life, having a new precepts must be a monk. Monks who hold the new precepts must be pure monks. Bodhisattva has to hold the new world must be the Bodhisattva feet. Therefore, of the three illicit dishes (gender, concentration, wisdom), "gender" ranks first. 

This religious establishment is aimed at the practical and certain benefits of the precepts, as stated above. 

III. TYPES OF LAW 

The precepts have many frustrations, depending on the root, depending on the clergy, depending on the wishes of the austerities that apply. But in general, the rules can be divided into two broad categories: the precepts of the Hinayana and the Mahayana precepts. 

- The precepts that have a negative personality, self-interest, only the main purpose is to avoid sin for themselves is belong to the Hinayana precepts. Of course, while keeping the precepts for ourselves, others benefit as well, such as keeping the precepts from stealing, then we gain the benefit of holding back our greed, and that other people also benefit from not having to suffer the pain of regret. lost. In spite of the world, the world of non-robbery will only refer to the Hinayana world, because while keeping the precepts, the main purpose, is directly to keep oneself; and the benefit for people is only indirect influence of that world. The precepts such as the Five Precepts (5 precepts made by Buddha for people at home), Eight Precepts for the Precepts (8 Precepts for the layman to live as renunciants), novice novices and novice novices (10 Buddhist regulations for novices), Awakening (6 things female learning), monks (250) 

- The rules that have a positive nature, aimed at the benefit rather than self-interest, belongs to the Mahayana world. The Mahayana precepts such as the 10 important precepts and the 48 disdainful precepts of the Bodhisattva, the Three Realms of Pure Land (including: The Vow of the Dharma Precepts are the precepts of not doing evil, the Good Dharma precepts are the good deeds, Many useful things) gender is the world that benefits sentient beings, such as doing charitable things, etc.). 

If on the aspect of the practice that classifies, the precepts can be divided into two large parts: one belongs to the maintenance, that is to stop the negative karma, the part belongs to the work, ie acts according to good karma. 

1. About maintenance, there are two sets of duties 

a)  Monks , including 250 precepts, divided into 8 categories: 1. Ba-la-di (4 precepts), 2. Increase-museum (13), 3. Uncertainty (2), 4. Discharge-damaging (30 precepts), 5. Don-damaging (90 precepts), 6. De-amnun (4 precepts), 7. They are learning (100 precepts), 8. Killing and avoiding (7 precepts) ). These two hundred and fifty precepts can be divided into the eight categories as above, but it can also be divided into five categories (five celestial beings), six types (six aggregates) or seven types (seven aggregates). 

b) Monks and nuns , (the monk's precepts-many include 348 precepts, divided into 7 categories: 

1. Ba-la-di (8 world), 2. Increase-museum (17 world), 3. Disaster-fallen (30 world), 4. Single-damned (178 world), 5. De-Xa-ni ( 8 precepts), 6. They-learn (100 precepts), 7. Kill-avoid (7 precepts). These three hundred and forty-eight precepts, which can be divided into seven categories as above, but can be arbitrarily divided into five categories, six types or seven categories as increase parties (1). 

About Bhikkhu and Bhikkhu on stilts on this called specific-sufficiency, meaning that the world gives people immeasurable virtue, blessing and virtue. But 250 or 348 precepts, not many. That is just the collection of the main rules, making neighbors for persecution only. If all the rules are told about the "amount" of unreality, about the "scene" spread throughout the legal world. If talking about the middle level, the Sangha has 3,000 statues, 80,000 sacrifices; Ni party has 80,000 statues and 120,000 sacrifices. 

Why did Buddha set many rules like that?  

- Because each precept is a precaution against a sin, that we humans are ordinary, from mind to behavior, there are so many sinful things, there must be countless precepts to prevent. 

2. About maintenance, including 20 kien-degrees 

Longitude means quality, law (Khanda). 

Twenty degrees of degrees are: 

1. Tho about Kien, 2. About Kien Kien, 3. Settlement of Kien, 4. Tu Tu Kien, etc. 

The division of  maintenance  and  maintenance  is essential for being easy to distinguish while observing the precepts, but actually, in a final way, in "only" there is "operative", in "operative" there is "only", cannot be said. definitely. 

IV. WORDS AND PRACTICE METHOD

As we have seen above, Buddha's precepts are very numerous; Therefore, the nouns and the method of keeping precepts are also very complicated. So if you want to keep the precepts, you must first know the following: 

1. Why is it called "name, strain, nature, general"?

a)  Name  is the name (noun) means the name of each gender, such as the world of non-killing, unborn, etc. 

b)  Race  is a species, or group; as we have seen in the division of the precepts of monks and nuns: la-di-la, sangha, etc. 

c)  Nature  is the mind nature, is the nature within; such as the holder of the precepts, in his mind he does not think of killing, directing, obscene, hoping, etc. Keeping the inner mind in such purity is called "gender identity". 

d) General is an external form; as inside did not think of killing, robbing (moral identity) .vv .. but outside did not do those evil things, called "generals". 

In summary, every time you commit a sin, the precepts must know what his name is (name), killing or directing, etc. Of which species (strain), Ba-la-di or Sangha, etc. ..? Internal (Tanh) or external (general)? And finally the practitioner must know that sin, according to the law, how to punish it to be pure? 

2. Why is it called "declaration, price, maintenance, committing"? 

a )  Declaration  is open and given. 

b) The  price  is prohibited, not allowed to do. 

Like when Buddha was reincarnated, he forbade the monks to climb into the trees, which is "the price". But later on, the monk went to the forest, chased by evil beasts. From there, the Buddha taught, "If you are predestined, you can climb a tree", so called "Khai".  

A second example: Buddhists must observe the precepts not to drink alcohol. That is the "price". But when you are seriously ill, if you need alcohol to mix with medicine, drink it to heal, then temporarily use it. That is "Khai". But before drinking, must be transparent to the monks. 

c)  Preserving is preserving; like when the ordained and then keep the purity is called "Tri".  

d)  Violation is a violation; as if he had taken the precepts and didn't uphold the precepts, then it was called "Pham". 

In a nutshell, while cultivating the precepts, one always observes each of his daily actions, judging wisely, what is "Tri", what is "Pham"; in which case, and which gender is "Khai"; in which case, and which gender is not "Khai" ... etc. In general, when you have received the precepts, you must "Maintain". Otherwise "Tri" is "Pham". Yet if it is out of compassion, for the common good, or for the sake of wisdom, it is possible to "declare" without sin. But if the mind is defiled, because of disturbing emotions, "Khai" is "Pham". 

3. Why is it called "maintaining, working and directing, only committing"? 

a) To maintain  is to talk about evil things, to uphold and not to sin. 

b) An offense  is to talk about evil things, which should have been preserved, but could not be kept, so sin.  

c) Persistence  is talking about good things, need to do, then keep the precepts. 

d) Crime  is talking about good things, if suspension does not work, is breaking.  

For example: About the crime of theft, if not doing is  just maintaining , if doing  the offense . On the contrary, about almsgiving, if doing is the  author , if not doing is  only a crime . 

4. Why is it called "the crime of sin and the price of sin, or the nature of sin and price"? 

a) Crime  is a sin available in the nature of beings, such as killing, directing, and delving. These four nature are available in the mind of sentient beings from beginningless to now, as long as there are sentient beings there is them. Each person, no one needs to teach, no need to study, but everyone knows close, direct, obscene, and hope. So it is called a crime. 

b) Crimes  are crimes not available in the nature, but due to circumstances, due to infection that arises; such as drinking alcohol for example. In general, in addition to the four crimes of murder, virtue, lust, and hope, there are many other sins. 

c) Gender  identity is the precept to prevent the four crimes of sin, killing, directing, obscene, and aspiration. This world is very important, but also very difficult to keep. Keeping these four precepts, austerity will result and the path of liberation will surely await the practitioner.  

d) Gender precepts  is a precautionary order to prevent the sin that arises from an internship. These precepts are less important than the aforementioned precepts. But to keep the gender identity in a less difficult way, it is necessary to keep the gender price. As one who wants to cut large trees, first he must cut down the top branches; like a good soldier, before he wants to occupy a big city, he has to block the roads that go to that city.  

V. CONCLUSION 

As we have already known, the purpose of the Buddha's teaching for us is to be enlightened, to be enlightened, and to be a Buddha. All sects, despite different policies and characteristics, have the ultimate goal of one: Enlightenment and enlightenment. 

Religious law does not go beyond that purpose, although the method is different. Most other religions have to understand then practice; The rule of law is contrary to the policy: cultivate and will understand, keep the precepts strictly, the mind will be calm and pure; The mind is pure, the wisdom will be clear, the mind will appear, Buddha nature will be revealed. 

What a very practical policy, but the outcome is sure! Those who study extensively without observing the precepts are like a lamp in front of the wind, maybe very bright, but don't know when to turn it off. On the contrary, the less knowledgeable learners who keep the precepts honestly are like a chimney lamp, when they are lighted, they are still extinguished, but the fire does not go out and the longer the fire clears. 

Because of the arguments presented above, the Law of Religion is suitable for all faculties, especially those that are slow to flood. In our daily life, many people with a quick mind and a quick understanding are quick, but because they are so dependent on themselves, they do not put themselves in disciplinary discipline, so in the end, there is no result. nice all. On the contrary, those who have a mediocre disposition, sometimes flooding more often, but are more likely to succeed on the path of life as well as on the path, because they know that the task of hardship is closed to discipline, not complacency, pride. . Disciples of Buddha, does anyone have an inferior social status (to carry dung) and a low position like Mr. Uu-Ba-Li! Yet Uu-Ba-Li became a great disciple of Buddha, became a sage, just because he strictly observed the precepts! Here we are, the social position and position is certainly no less than Ushba,. END=NAM MO SHAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).WORLD VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST ORDER=GOLDEN AMITABHA MONASTERY=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=THICH CHAN TANH.AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.11/1/2020.