LESSON 2: DIFFERENT

UNIVERSAL BUDDHISM 1

SRAMANA=THICH THIEN HOA.

Course III: THANH VAN THUA BUDDHISM

Lesson 2: DIFFERENT (DUKKHA).VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY=THICH CHAN TANH.

A. OPENING  

Life is a sea of ​​sweat and tears 

There are some people who think that life is a long party, not enjoying it is in vain. Therefore, they do not miss an opportunity to bring them material pleasures. 

But they did not expect that such pleasures are false, deceptive, just like the fragile pleasures of the thirsty people who drink salty water, the more they drink, the more thirsty; and the throat, after a minute of drinking it, was bitter again. 

Sutras have the saying: "Tears of sentient beings are more than sea water". Indeed! The world is not happy, the world is full of suffering. The joys, if any, are temporary, flashy like a paint on the outside; but the nature of life is suffering. The world is a sea of ​​sweat and tears, in which beings are swimming, diving, sinking, floating. That is the truth. But the truth is that, no one sees clearly and speaks clearly as the Buddha said in suffering, the first part of the Four Noble Truths. 

B. BACKGROUND  

I. DEFINITION OF DEFINITION (DUKKHA) 

Suffering is caused by the word Dukkha. "DU", meaning difficult; "KKHA" is endurance, is patience. Dukkha means unbearable, hard to be patient, is suffering. Ships translated as "suffering" means bitter; broad meaning is what makes you uncomfortable, you suffer pain such as: sickness, hunger, sadness, fear, etc. 

"THE" is a solid truth, correct, complete, higher than all. 

Suffering, is the right truth that is firmly higher than suffering in the world. This truth is clear and transparent, no one can deny. 

Below, let us listen to the Buddha giving a thorough, profound, meticulous interpretation of the suffering of the world. 

II. DISCUSSION ABOUT THE WORLD'S DIFFERENCE 

For all the suffering in the world, it is never the same. Song based on Buddhist scriptures, can be classified into three types of suffering (tam suffering) or eight (suffering). 

1. Three miseries:  Three kinds of suffering are: suffering, suffering and suffering. 

a) Suffering . Suffering piles up on misery, it is already suffering, but the surrounding situation overlaps with others: that is "Suffering". 

Indeed, each being has been a victim of so much suffering, evil itself; the body is a dirty fleshy bone, if for a few days, without care, washing, then rot cannot stand it. Moreover, the body is also unstable, but on the contrary, very fragile: thirst for three days, suffocating for five minutes, breaking a blood vessel, being infected with some poisonous germs ... and dying. 

In addition to the misery and death that humans cannot control, there are many other sufferings piled up, which are unavoidable: illness, hunger, floods, fires, wars, oppression, collect heavy taxes and so on. Therefore, it should be called "suffering". 

b) Suffering . In the scripture, it is written: "Every thing that has appearance must be destroyed". Indeed, all things in the universe are governed by impermanence, which cannot last forever. Hard as stone, perennial also rotten; as big as the earth, the moon, the sun has long dissolved. Weak, small as a human body, the shorter the life, fleeting! The cruel hammer of time smashes everything; every minute every second we live, every minute every second we are being destroyed. And no matter how much power we have, how much power we have, how rich we are, we cannot prevent or fend against time to destroy our lives. I am completely helpless before time. It is miserable, humiliating, painful! 

c) Suffering.  In terms of materiality, we are dominated, sabotaged by time, environment; And spiritually, we also have no control, no peace, no freedom. Our soul is often tormented, enticed, motivated every minute and every second. Our thoughts are also always leapfrogging from one thing to another, like a horse without an outline, like a tree ape, never stopping. It is exactly as the Buddha taught: "mind, intention". 

If we look more deeply, we will find that our soul is still deeply hidden, under the consciousness, which is the subconscious mind, which is extremely powerful and wrongly used in every thought, act. action. We are angry, we love, we hate, we want this, we like that, largely due to our subconscious mistakes, giving orders. 

In short, we are not free, we are dominated by ideas, desire, subconscious, and always subject to their orders. That is "Suffering". 

2. The eight sufferings:  If we analyze them more closely, then the suffering of the world can be divided into eight categories. These eight types of attainments are not beyond the other three. 

Eight types of suffering: birth suffering, aging suffering, suffering, death, craving separation, suffering from suffering, resentment, suffering, warm and prosperous people. Let's talk about these eight sufferings below. 

a) Suffering:  The human life has two parts of suffering: suffering during birth, suffering in life. 

- Suffering during birth . The born and the born are miserable. When the new mother became anorexic she began to suffer from anorexia, insomnia, vomiting, wildness, impoverishment ... Every day the pregnancy grew bigger, the mother was tired, heavy, struggling every day, slowing down. By the time of delivery, the mother's pain was unspeakable. Oil was conceived again, the mother also suffered filth for many days, frail for months, because of the weakened blood, impaired viscera. As for the risk of having an abortion, the mother had to be dissected more and more painful. Sometimes after a birth with surgery, the mother will suffer lifelong disability. 

And children, from birth to birth, also suffered many miseries. Over the course of nine days and ten days, you are confined in the dark, cramped, even more than prison! Mother hungry rice, thirsty, the baby in the fetus liquid burn like bubbles waving. If you eat well, you will be pressed like a powder that is crushed under a chopping block, difficult to stir. By the time of reproduction, the baby's body had to squeeze through a narrow space like being pressed by four surfaces, so when she just got out, she immediately cried out: "Suffering! Suffering a!". It is exactly like the two verses of Wen Nhu Hau: 

"No wonder when they first buried  

Bringing the original cry that came out ! "  

- Suffering in life . In terms of material, or spiritual, life has many miserable things. 

In material terms, people demand essential needs such as food, drinks, clothing, housing, and medicine. To have those needs, people need hard work, sweating, boiling tears, to buy a cup of rice, a bowl of rice, a pair of pants, a shirt. Regarding housing, sometimes a lifetime of hard work, still not enough to create a small house. 

But not waiting for hunger to call misery; erratic eating and deprivation are already miserable. Not waiting to fall into the scene of the sky, or eat feathers in the new hole called suffering; clothes are not warm enough, the house cannot cover the sun and rain, it is already miserable. But is it only the poor people who suffer? The rich also suffer miserably as usual: to have money, they must stay up late to wake up early, sell algae, turn heads and feet at work, sweat, cry tears to get it, not money in Nowhere on earth falls for! That is not to mention other abnormal physical suffering that no one can avoid. 

Mentally, there are many sufferings in human life, sometimes even more painful than the material deprivation. Not saying much, just for example here an example of suffering in learning. 

To find reason, truth, morality, all have to process many years of learning both theoretically and empirically. Theoretically we study in books with teachers or with friends or self-study. In terms of experiment, we also encountered many miserable and difficult things. Like studying theory with teachers at school, sometimes when there are difficult lessons, some teachers teach too high, students do not receive anything, so people are angry with the sad, too miserable! And self-study at home with a smooth book, sometimes encountering a stuck text, not having enough additional documents to look up, clogged the exit, and started angry anguish, is also miserable. In terms of experiential learning in life, it is sometimes very expensive. I will be deceived by this person, the other will be oppressed, the other will have hatred, the other will despise ... how many types of people are that much of nature. And to understand life is partly that we have suffered so much humiliation and suffering. 

In short, physically or mentally, life carries many sufferings. Suffering is like that. 

b) Suffering . The folk verse has a saying: 

" Aging is a scene of ruin  

Old trees, old people, and old people . " 

People come to old age, the body is worn out, the mind is weak, so the body and mind suffer. 

- Physical suffering . The older, the more worn out blood. Inside, the five organs, continental government increasingly tired, working weakly; outside the senses gradually deteriorated, such as blurred vision, deaf ears, stuffy nose, tongue twitching, trembling limbs, difficulty walking, whatever thanks to others. 

Yes, whenever the weather turned, it would hurt according to the climate, such as when it was sunny, it was fever, it was raining, and it was cold, etc. Nothing called pleasure at all! 

- Miserable . The ancients said: " Da tho, poly humiliation ". Indeed, a lot of age, very humiliating! The older the body is, the weaker it is, the more intellectually it will fade. Therefore, born confused, forget before, remember later, act like a fool: eat dirty, drink dirty; speaking like an insane person; I told you I haven't eaten, I haven't eaten yet; sometimes cursing, babbling making jokes for children. It is true that "Aging". 

c) Suffering . Torturing the human body, making it miserable more than pain! Pain, no matter what pain, from minor pains such as toothache, headache, severe pain such as leprosy, tuberculosis, etc., make people groan, miserable and uncomfortable. Especially the depression (long hard to cure), the more tortured the body, bitter rice, choking water, not living, not dying, unjust death, it is miserable. 

The body was hurt, but the money was all gone. There are many people after a pain, only empty hands! So the proverb has a saying: " It doesn't hurt getting rich ". 

In addition, the disease also makes green relatives belong to sadness, fear. Every time someone in the house has someone who is sick, the whole family is busy, anxious to sit still, to forget to eat and sleep, to speak lazily, to laugh, to give up jobs. It is true that "Sickness". 

d) Death . In the four phenomena of impermanence; born, old, sick, dead, "dead" is what makes living beings most frightened. People are so afraid of death that they are in a situation where they live in excess, they should not live any more, but when they hear about death, they are also afraid to think about it. The ill-fated people suffer from incurable diseases like cancer, leprosy, and misery for another day, yet those blessed people still want to live. 

How does death afflict people and are they so afraid? 

- About the body . There was an excuse for a dying person to be mortified before he knew death was scary. The person who was about to die, tired and unrelenting, rolled his eyes, distorted his mouth, twitched his muscles, bent himself, stretched his hands, broke his legs ... Meanwhile his ears stopped listening, his eyes stopped seeing, his nose stopped breathing, his mouth stopped talking. When I tried touching the dead, I felt cold like copper, and my body was stiff like wood. The corpse gradually bulged up, in very disgusting; if it takes a long time to crack again, the fishy line will become extremely uncomfortable. 

- Mentally . When dying, mentally disturbed, terrified: the mercy of parents, spouses, brothers, children from here to break, the part of worrying about a lonely body, entering a strange and mysterious world. There is nothing more painful than this eternal separation moment! 

In summary, death causes the body to disintegrate, the consciousness according to karma leads to birth in an unknown realm. What a "Death". 

e) Divorce separation . In the love between husband and wife, children, brothers and sisters who are salty, dear and separated, nothing is more painful. There are two types of separation: birth and death. 

- Birth of misery . A family living in a happy and warm situation, suddenly forced by the situation, or because of a sudden disaster, such as a war, a storm, a flood ... makes every helpless person lost in every place: One end looks forward, the other corner misses. It is heartbreaking! People often say: "Better to die, but who could leave?". That is the suffering of "Being glass". 

- Death bye . But despite the separation, the survivors still meet each day; But how died when he was vum? Therefore, standing before the scene of death, is a permanent separation, no one is without suffering. Therefore, falling into this farewell scene, some people were mercifully troubled to forget to eat, to sleep, some people were in pain, so desperate that they tried to die after the deceased. Such is the suffering of "Farewell". 

g) Pray for misery  (disappointment). People in life, the more they hope, the more disappointed. Regardless of what the problem is, the number of people who are satisfied is too rare, and the one who fails unsatisfied, is unspeakable. In order to get a good result, people have to use so much energy, hard work, loss of mind, loss of appetite, and sleeplessness, just hoping for a quick success. Then, unfortunately those wishes did not succeed, the suffering does not know where the shore. Below are some examples of the frustrations people face most often. 

-  Disappointed because of fame . In life, fame is often a good bait that most people enjoy. But that bait, where is it easy to win? Not to mention the skydivers, who want to be officials, so much or fail, just talk about the case of those who deserve fame, by their ability, intelligence, learning. For these happy people, they must also experience a lot of failures, in the end, they will be successful. It is true that Wen Nhu Hau Nguyen Gia Thieu said: 

" The fame of fame, mud and gray  

The face of the ceiling is full of the smell of strawberry ! "  

-  Disappointed because of the wealth . The number of people who are disappointed with the fame is high. But the number of people disappointed by wealth is not small. Wanting to get rich quickly, many people seek this and that trick to deceive people; but then the scheme of cheating broke, property was confiscated, imprisoned, family humiliated, really miserable! 

-  Disappointed because of love . Love is also a thing that makes many people suffer and suffer. In sex school, try asking how many people are satisfied? Nhan Dan in the daily newspaper, the charming love stories lead to the suicidal life, so indescribable. This is the "Unconvinced Bridge". 

h) Resentment suffering . People in love, no one wants to separate; As well as being in hate, no one expects to meet. But sorrowfully instead! In life, when you want to meet again, you have to split up; Just like when you wish to be separated, you must live together every day! How suffering must be separated for two people who love each other, then the suffering must meet for two people who hate each other just like that. 

It is often said: " See the enemy's face, like a needle piercing the eye; Staying with the rebellious, like tasting honey, lying on a thorn ". 

Not to mention the case of strangers, even in the family of relatives, between husband and wife, brothers, when for some reason, born discord with each other, is also uncomfortable enough. Want to hide from each other, but every time to go back and forth must meet forever! Determined not to talk to each other, but sometimes forced to hold up, must speak out with embarrassment. Dinh absolutely absolute, strict because they still have to eat in the same house, even though trying to escape, but sometimes they have to communicate with the rules. It is miserable. It is the relatives who are intimidated, have humiliation, and mean the people, but the hatred also motivates people to want to be dear and not to meet each other! How much for the people, water, different breeds, different race, once hated each other and then must live next to each other, then there is a day of disaster. That is the meaning of "Resentment meeting suffering". 

i) Five warm and miserable . The four great human body is also called the five warm bodies (five dishes covered): warm colors, warmth, warmth, warm onion and warm food. With that warm body, people suffer countless things. There are always conflicts, contradictions, dominate each other. Because of that conflict, the human body suffers the following suffering: 

- Immediately governed by impermanence, from young to old, from strong to sick, from pain to death, always makes people afraid and sad. 

- Being lovelorn, sexually appealing, makes people to be immersed in the six senses and to suffer. 

- Being entangled with attachment, people realize it wrongly: there are people, there are people, they are lost, foolish, they are not, and they are born with anxiety and suffering. 

This is the "Five warm and miserable warmth." 

III. WHAT DO THE BUDDHIST KNOWS TO DO? 

Someone will wonder, wonder: Buddha raised the world's suffering for what? Life has such suffering, should hide it as much or so much, but why stripping it naked makes people more suffering? We try to create a good illusion of life to live peacefully in it, is it better? The child lives naturally, peacefully in happiness, because he does not know the suffering, the ugliness of life. Why don't we try to imitate them, don't learn anything about the ugliness, the misery of life, to live a happier life? The Buddha is a being often called compassion, why do such a cruel thing? 

These questions seem to make sense, but if you consider them ultimately, they will be superficial. Buddha was not cruel when raising the basic suffering of life; it is because of compassion that he did so. Buddha wanted people to know the suffering of the world, because of the following great benefits: 

1. Meet the scene is not terrible:  The suffering that the Buddha said above is the basic suffering, no one can avoid it. Having lived, you must meet them. Is anyone not sick, not old, not dead? Does anyone in a lifetime not meet separation with relatives, not living with enemies? Does anyone achieve all they want? So even if you want to create a beautiful illusion of life to live in peace, that illusion will sooner or later be torn apart by reality! And then, the naked, ugly, disgusting world will suddenly appear, before the eyes of those who are used to living in beautiful illusions. Then those who are unprepared to lead a miserable life will be frightened, desperate, and sometimes not brave enough to live. 

On the other hand, when we know that this Ta-baa has many miseries, we encounter misery, we are not so terrible, we are psychologically dispersed, but on the contrary, we will calmly patiently to find ways rescue. For example, a farmer, knowing his duty is to work hard with deep plowing and plowing, hand-muded, with rice to live, so he will see the rain, sunshine and not flinch at all. On the contrary, a powerful person, used to living in velvet, in the majestic temple scene, risking a time of chaos, sudden change, throwing out fear and risking suicide. 

2. No greed should not be dominated by circumstances:  When we know that life is less sad and less sad, and the more desiring it is, the more suffering will be, when we know that, we will abstain from sex expectation and will "know enough". Therefore, we are not dominated by the situation, attracted by the waves of life, burying us into the vast abyss of the dark Ta-Ba realm. For example, the wise man, being jailed, worrying about the means to escape from prison, not like a foolish man, while in jail, he is only concerned about scrambling for leftover rice and sediment but forgetting that he will be taken executed, if you don't find your escape plan soon. 

3. Striving to practice to escape misery:  When you know that the body of many people is suffering and Ta-Ba is less happy, people will wish to escape from their dark realms and live in a better world. . Just like the children who are playing passionately in the scene of the house burning, fortunately thanks to the alert father, they know and rush to find a way out. 

C. CONCLUSION 

Know suffering must find the cause of suffering to eliminate  

We have been shown compassionately by the Buddha to show that this Ta-she realm, as well as the three realms, are all a sea of ​​suffering. The Sutta also says: "The three realms are not safe, like a fire house ". Unfortunately, sentient beings are delirious and take pleasure in joy without knowing themselves, so they must be incestuous. 

Now that we know the ugly side of life, already know that it is a vast sea of ​​suffering and waves, we must boring it, away from it. Know suffering to find a way to escape, not to be miserable and then tired of life, frustration, surrender and cry. But how to escape it, if we do not know the top industry, the way to move, not sure because where suffering arises? Good medical doctors want to eradicate disease, must find the root of the disease. A good general wants to eradicate the rebels, must thoroughly investigate the hideout, where their headquarters are, and then be able to encircle and capture them and surrender easily. 

Also, knowing suffering is not enough to eliminate it. Want to eliminate suffering at its root must find the cause that arises. 

The cause of suffering, the Buddha said in the second paragraph of the Four Noble Truths is the Noble Truth, which readers will read in the third lesson of this volume. . END=NAM MO SHAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).WORLD VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST ORDER=GOLDEN AMITABHA MONASTERY=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=THICH CHAN TANH.AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.5/1/2020.