LESSON 4: TO PENETRATE THE CONCEPT OF NIDANIC CAUSATION.

UNIVERSAL BUDDHISM 1

SRAMANA=THICH THIEN HOA.

COURSE IV: ENJOYING AND BODHISATICS BUDDHISM

Lesson 4: TO PENETRATE THE CONCEPT OF NIDANIC CAUSATION.VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY=THICH CHAN TANH.

A. OPENING 

People in the world, because they do not understand things in this universe, have many misconceptions. Some people think that the universe is born of nature. Some people think that the universe was created by an omniscient, almighty god, etc. 

According to Buddhism, the universe is beginningless, that is, there is no starting point, and everything in the universe cannot stand alone; On the contrary, you have to depend on each other to succeed. In other words, from big things to small things, from tangible things to invisible things, they're all out of predestined relationships. Therefore, in the Buddhist scriptures often say: " Dharma parts predestined ". 

The existence of tangible species, or in particular of mankind, is no exception. In order to fully understand the machinery of samsara and samsara in human life in the world of suffering, we need to learn the "Twelve conditions and conditions". After we understand the ten-fold principle, we still have to learn the method to eliminate the vicious cycle of samsara. 

To understand and eliminate the cycle of birth and death, we must learn and practice the karmic contemplation, which we present in this lecture. 

B. BACKGROUND 

I. DEFINITIONS 

Why is it called "karma"? Cause is the cause, only for the things itself to multiply, directly spawns another object, such as the grain of rice makes the nucleus to produce rice. Dependent conditions are conditions, only for things that have a direct or indirect way of helping other things to be accomplished. Such as feces, water, light, labor ... are the conditions to help the grain become rice. So karmic affinity is for the things that cause it, but also for the conditions surrounding it. 

The word "karmic affinity" has a second meaning: All things are "causes", those "karmic" are "predestined" with each other and become other things. Like lime, bricks, tiles, wood, etc. are the causes, and these causes are dependent on each other (depending on the help) to form a house. Because the French overlap many layers to create conditions for each other, which turned out to be this or that, so in the sutta, " The coincidence of coincidence ". 

II. INGREDIENTS OF PEOPLE  

The passage above said: "The conditions of predestined harmony being". So what are the conditions to create sentient beings? Those are the following twelve conditions: 

1. Ignorance, 2. Onions, 3. Consciousness, 4. Identity, 5. Luc six, 6. Contact, 7. Tho, 8. Ai, 9. Thu, 10. Huu, 11. Born, 12. Aging death. 

1. Ignorance  has many meanings and many types: 

a) According to the Mahayana explains: "Not showing the true mind is called ignorance" (Unconsciously, the first meaning, meaninglessness). 

b) Through both the Mahayana and Hinayana explanations: "Understanding the dharma is not true (misunderstanding), it should be called ignorance" (Real as the truth of truths, the ignorance); such as egolessness that accept real self, lawlessness, which embraces real dharma, etc. 

c) In addition, there are common meanings such as ignorance is not bright, dark, dim, ignorant, etc. 

Ignorance, sometimes to the defilements such as greed, hatred and delusion. Once upon a time someone came to the temple to ask: 

- What is ignorance? 

The master answered: 

- Homeland is so ignorant, also to ask ethics temple! 

The guest was angry, his face was flushed red ... The master continued: 

- Ignorance is that (only the yard), that is ignorance. 

Ignorance sometimes only for Si mental states. Such as saying "monopoly of ignorance" or "correspondence ignorance" is all for "mental delusion": When it arises on its own, or together with disturbing emotions, greed, hatred, etc. 

Ignorance is divided into two categories: basic ignorance and ignorance. As in the twelve conditions, the first "ignorance" is basic, because it is the root of the following ignorance; and "craving, defense, friendship" is the only ignorance. In the quartet or, the ants or, from or, Tran sa or is the only ignorance; ignorance or basic ignorance. Of the five pillars, the most abiding of the abode, craving for the craving for the senses, the craving for the pillars and the craving for the pillars of compassion and the craving for the pillars are ignorance and the ignorance is the basis for ignorance. 

In general, all the afflictions, either gross or subtle of the Mahayana or Hinayana, have the nature to make the mind hidden, and the wisdom mirror to be obscured. 

2. Action  is action and artifact. Because ignorance negativity emerged, making the body, speech and mind, creating good or evil karma should be called "onions". 

3. Consciousness  is consciousness, only for the spiritual part. Because the body, speech, and mind, the three karmas create good or evil karma, so when they die, the karmas leading the consciousness to receive karmic retribution (body) suffering or joy in the next life. 

4. Identity  is the body. In the human body there are two parts: 

a) The mental part (mind) only has the calling name, not the image, so it is called "name". 

b) The physical part has color, so it is called "rupa". 

5. Luc enter , call na is six seats. Once there is a body, of course there must be six senses (eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body and mind) which are the places of the six ceilings (color, silence, taste, taste, touch and dharma) reflecting on, so call is "green import". 

6. Contact  is contact. In the six faculties, in addition to the six ceilings often meet in contact with each other, such as eyes contacting with color, ears contact with sound, nose contact with smell, tongue contact with taste, body contact with warm, cold, smooth, Italy exposed legal ceiling. 

7.  Life is the life. When the six faculties come into contact with the six mortals, then they receive scenes of joy or sadness, joy or suffering, or ordinary scenes. 

8. Craving  is desirable. When receiving the joyful life scene, there is greed, wanting to be able to, when meeting with suffering, the mind of anger, sadness, wanting to leave, having ordinary scenes of delusion. This is the motivating body, speech, mind and create karma. 

9. Player  is taking hold, seeking bridge; more broadly are the artifact actions. Due to the favorable scene, the desire, met the scene against the yard, si wants to leave; The goal is to find this and that to preserve your ego. Therefore that creates the karma of birth and death. 

10. Being  is there. Since this life has good or evil causes created by itself, the next life decides to "have" the suffering or joy that we have to receive. 

11. Birth . Is born. Do "AI, prime, organic" as the current cause of the industry, so after death, must be born to receive the retribution. 

12. Elderly, death . Is old, dead. Having been born, of course suffering the old age and death etc ... 

These twelve conditions are closely related, both causing and receiving cause and effect, and continuing to cause and effect cause afterward. 

III. METHODS OF MANAGEMENT  

The method of contemplating the twelve conditions and conditions can be divided into two parts: the Quan Lau and Quan Them. 

1. Conservation shop.  Is observing the state of arising and passing of the twelve conditions. There are three types of observation: 

a) Observe, the arising state of the twelve conditions in the distant past, from beginninglessness . From beginninglessness, because the ignorance is motivated, making the pure mind to be hidden, like a cloud, so the moon is dim (ignorance), therefore, the expectations from slowly arise (action), so there is mind ( consciousness) and sight, all the world and sentient beings (nama); in the body of sentient beings there are six faculties, which is the place of the six ceilings, usually reflected in (the six realms), and then the senses and the ceiling are often exposed Prefer keeping (prime); thus there is (being) born (birth) and aging, death (old, death). 

This is about the state of the twelve conditions from beginninglessness, created by ignorance, created by the world and sentient beings, and so on, continuing to arise until this day, and forever after. etc .. 

b) Observe the current state of the twelve conditions in three generations: past, present, future. This is observing the rotation of the twelve conditions in time from the past to the present, from the present to the future. Twelve predestined relationships as well as a chain with twelve loops, one hook to the other, another to hook, and to each other without clues, and involves all three generations: the past, the present, and the hybrid. As in the past ignorance and action (the basis of ignorance) are causes, giving birth to the present fruit (body of this life) as "awakening, nama, rupa, contact, feeling"; the present fruit (body of this life) returns to create a human being (in the present) as "love, love, friendship" (ignorance) The present cause will become the future (body of the next life) as "birth, old age, death." In short, due to the enchanting (ignorance), the karma (onions) is created, so the karma should bear the suffering, the cause bear fruit, then enchanted to create karma, etc., bear fruit, cause and effect, continue for three generations, around the six paths of samsara, like a spinning wheel on a string. The only difference is that the actual wheel has only one and changes very slowly; and the twelve-causal wheel is both coming and transforming, always corrupting and becoming, becoming and corrupting ... consecutively for three lifetimes; past, present and future. 

c) Observe the arising and circulation of the twelve conditions in a recitation of the present . If one takes a short time in the present moment to contemplate, one can also see the arising and passing of the twelve conditions, rather than having to observe all three lifetimes. As when facing the scene, it is unclear that all dhammas are moving (ignorance) but initiate notion (action) to distinguish (awake) objects (rupa); and then the scene reflects back on the base (green energy), the contact (contact) with the ceiling, born life (life), life expectancy (craving), finding players (players), thus creating out of the karma (organic) and then according to the karma of results (birth, aging, death). 

Separating the three customs above, practitioners will draw the following remarks: 

- In the twelve conditions, there are two groups of causes and two groups: A group of past causes (including ignorance and onions) and a group of present causes (including love, clinging, and friendship). 

- On the fruit side, there is a group of present fruits (including consciousness, nama, six realms, contact, feeling) and a group of future fruits (including birth, old death). 

- "Ignorance, onions" are the basis of ignorance, "craving, capital, and possession" are the details of ignorance. We can say "ignorance, onions" is the nickname of "craving, capital, friendship", and "consciousness, materiality, six colors, contact, feeling" is the anonymity of "birth, old age, death". That is because, if we switch back and forth, we will see clearly: in "love, love, friendship", there is "ignorance and action", and in "birth, old age, death" has "consciousness, materiality, six, six, six. 

Ignorance belongs to "or"; onions belong to "karma"; consciousness, nama, six-syllable, contact, feeling, belong to "suffering"; craving belongs to "or"; prime, property belongs to "karma"; birth, old age, death belongs to "suffering". 

 

 View the map: 

  

2. The complete karma.  Is observing the destruction of twelve conditions. There are two ways to do this:

a) Kill the root ignorance  (basic ignorance). In the part of observing the above, the practitioner has seen clearly: due to ignorance, there is onions, onions, but there is consciousness, etc. So now, if we kill ignorance, then onions will be destroyed, onions and onions will be awakened as well. none etc .. Or to put it another way: by "enchanting" should create "karma", due to the new industry should bear "suffering" results. So want to end suffering, of course is to kill the karma, want to stop before having to eliminate ignorance. 

Except for basic ignorance, there are two ways: 

-For the Mahayana Bodhisattvas, because they can clearly see the true nature of the mind due to the dynamic ignorance that has the world of sentient beings, falls and dharma, they use the Prajna position to destroy the "birth of ignorance", to back to the true being. When the realization of the true mind then, all samsara is reborn. As in Bat Nha Tam Kinh said: " He is in the Bodhisattva when going deep into the Prajnaparamita position, he sees all five aggregates are not, so from the suffering of yoke ... ". Or, as in the Shurangama Sutra, it is written: " For the enlightened one to be attentive to the mind, the ten directions of the world are consumed ". 

- For those who cannot immediately eradicate the ignorance to realize the true mind, they have to go through countless lives of practice once upon reaching the Enlightenment position, using the mind of Kim Cang to destroy "birth of the infinite form." ", new evidence of the Noble Truth (Buddha). 

b) Kill ignorance tops industry  (read misconduct ignorance). For the sublime and the Hinayana, the lower base, it is not possible to directly eradicate the original ignorance as the two upper levels, but can only destroy the ignorance of the tops of industry as "love, love, friendship". When the tops of branches are cut down, the roots are gradually destroyed, like bamboo bushes that have been cut off with bamboo shoots, they will be destroyed. 

Eliminating ignorance tops also include two aspects. 

- Quan Yin:  Is to use reason to realize that the dhammas are born of harmony only, not real (not possessive); Because it is not real, should not find players accept (non-player). Had not clinging, then did not desire (no love). Means start "organic", then "prime", then finally "AI". If these three causes are not present, then the "birth, old age, death" result is also unavailable. 

- Consensus:  It is based on the general minister that observes and then practices. Practitioners start "loving" first, then "manual" and "possessive". Experience copy: " Organic charity student favor, organic charity student, countless AI ridiculous love HA superiority captain? ". Means: Because of desire, there is fear, if there is no desire, then there is fear? Because when facing the situation, born of desire and desires (craving), new creation of karmic actions is created, therefore, the result of samsara is (samsara). Then, if the object does not take part (not loving), then do not seek players accept (no player), because no clinging so there is no samsara (no property). As in the Shurangama Sutra, the Buddha taught: "... Only when you face the situation, not committing discrimination, will take greed, hatred and ignorance; ignorance, anger and delusion will not result in killing, directing, obscene, and expectation. birth ... ". 

In summary, all enchanting (craving), the industry does not have (prime), career is no longer miserable (organic). 

Of the four ways of eliminating ignorance, only this method of "contemplating" is the easiest and most practical, in accordance with the basis of the current spiritual practitioners. 

IV. LEGAL EFFICIENCY OF TEN TWO PEOPLE  

Practitioners after accomplishing the twelve conditions, will eliminate the delusion that is the main cause of suffering and reincarnation of sentient beings. The Buddha often said: " The suffering in the three map is not necessarily suffering, only the lack of wisdom is suffering only ". Seeing it is enough to eliminate the ignorance and make the wisdom revealed is one of the most important things of austerities. 

Moreover, the practitioner also thanks to this twelve factors of predestination. When Buddha was not born, many monks also practiced enlightenment through observing the biochemistry of the universe. These people are often called Enlightenment, which is to study by yourself and be enlightened. By the time of Buddha's birth, just teaching the karmic contemplation, many people who followed this practice were enlightened, so they called it "Pratyekabuddha" (meaning enlightened ones through the twelve conditions). 

The liberation place of Pratyekabuddha and Arahantship are the same, but in terms of wisdom and supernormality, the Pratyekabuddha result is higher than the Arahantship. 

The following is an example of the accomplishment of the twelve conditions of the two great disciples of Shakyamuni Buddha, His Excellency Shakyamuni and Maudgalyayana, according to the Causal and Sutta: 

In Vuong-amnesty, there are two Brahmin very intelligent, one named Xa Loi Phat and one named Maudgalyayana. The two of them were practicing pagan, had over a hundred disciples, and promised each other that, if anyone heard the miracle first, he had to teach it to the other person. 

One day, Mr. Xa Loi Phat went to the street, heard a disciple of Buddha, Bhikkhu A Xa Ba Ky, explained the doctrine of predestination and summarized it in a poem as follows: "The root of all both the law is predestined, no one owns, if anyone understands this dharma, then witness the true faith "(1). 

When he finished listening, Mr. Xa Loi Phat immediately departed from the ceiling, witnessing the pure result. 

When returning, Mr. Xa Loi Phiet gave a lecture to Maudgaly Lien. He finished listening, also witnesses direct results. The two men immediately brought 200 of their disciples, asking the Buddha for ordained disciples.

C. CONCLUSION 

To give readers a general idea of ​​this lecture and easy to remember, we summarize the following weaknesses: 

A. All things cannot exist in any single thing. They have to rely on each other for one thing or another. That is the cause of birth, or coincidence. Particularly for sentient beings such as human life, for example, due to the twelve interdependent conditions that become a chain of infinite birth and death, continuing from the past to the present and the future. Depending on its effects, these twelve conditions can be divided into three groups: either (delusion), karma (creation) and suffering (result). 

B. To end the chain of birth and death in the sea of ​​suffering of the mundane world, we must contemplate twelve conditions. This custom has two parts: the flow and the passing away: 

1. Conservation shop . Is consistent phenomena arise and progress of twelve conditions from ignorance, action, consciousness ... to old, death. While contemplating the movement, one can observe only the arising and progression of the twelve conditions in the past, in the present, or in the past, present and future. 

2. The complete karma.  Is consistent according to the method of causing the twelve conditions to destroy. There are two methods of complete annihilation: 

a) A method for the great location, such as Mahayana Bodhisattva, it is a method of "eliminating the basic ignorance". 

b) A method for people of low base like us, that is the method of "eradicating ignorance". 

The following customary dhammas are divided into two, namely, the customary and the consensus: 

- Quan Yin: is a legal shop that does not really exist (organic), so it does not accept (prime); because not grasping so there is no craving (craving). 

- Consistent: is to apply the above-mentioned reason in the real situation: Practitioners must try to do so that when the object does not initiate craving (craving), thanks to non-craving, it is not created to seek. (prime); do not seek to have no (organic) life and death results later. 

Practitioners who have attained the dharmakaya of twelve conditions will then eliminate ignorance, escape samsara and attain enlightenment. 

May all our readers understand the true value of this custom and diligently practice in order to achieve the above-mentioned precious fruits.

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(1) Some places say the following verse: 

"The doctrine of causal arising, heron-predestination, the  
recluse of Buddha, often works as a theory". 

Translate: 

The causes of predestined birth, as well as the causes and conditions of destruction,  
our Buddha, often teach to say the same. 

According to Mahayana, the verse about conditions like this:

" The predestined relationship with the birth of dharma, the ego of enlightenment,

Her name is impersonated, her name is loyal and loyal ”

Translate:

The conditions are conditioned by conditions, so we say no,

Just a fake name, also known as the middle way. END=NAM MO SHAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).WORLD VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST ORDER=GOLDEN AMITABHA MONASTERY=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=THICH CHAN TANH.AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.8/1/2020.