(SUNNYATà).VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY=THICH CHAN TANH.

I.  Overview

Before  going to  learn  emptiness , thought needs to  go into  some  cognitive  fundamental  teachings  of Buddhism  to discern features  traditional , as  ultimately  about  the truth , and  the effects  practically  its ( Emptiness ) , such as:
- The  ultimate enlightenment   of  the Buddha .
-  Enlightenment  goes beyond 62   contemporary doctrines of India.
-  The purpose of  speaking the Buddha 's  Dharma .

1.  The  ultimate truth

-  Samyutta Economics  II (Samyutta Nikaya, Vol. II., PTS, London ...), the  Samyutta Personal charm  confirmed  seven  Exalted  past  from  Bhagavan  Ty Ba Thi ,  Bhagavan  Shakyamuni , and Vassal  Bhagavan  future  are  enlightened  Supreme Bodhi  from the  realization of  the truth  of Dependent Origination .

- Business  Samyutta Personal charm , Beijing  Buddha Self  Theory (Udana, Khuddaka Nikaya, Vol. I., PTS, London, ...),  Beijing University Duyen  (Digha Nikaya),  Beijing University of Duty  (Digha Nikaya) is the  marjoram  introducing  Duyen Khoi teachings  .

-  Central Business  I (Majjh, Vol.I, PTS, London, ...),  Samyutta Business  III (Samyutta Nikaya, Vol.III, PTS, London, ...) and  State Ministry of Economics  I (Khuddaka Nikàya, Vol I, PTS, London ...) recorded the teachings of  the Blessed One  : "Whoever sees the  Pratyekabuddha  sees the dharma. Whoever sees the dharma sees Buddha".

Seeing  Buddha  is indeed  seeing  the ultimate truth . And  Dependent Origination  is the result of  dharmata , true  nature ,  emptiness , or  Buddha nature . Origination  nature so  synonymous with  non-self  nature,  not nature  or  Middle Way  means.

2.  The purpose of  speaking the Buddha's  teachings

-  First Sermon ,  Profile turning Falun , was  Bhagavan  preached in  the Deer Park , Baranasi, talk about suffering,  cause  of suffering, the  cessation of suffering  and the  path of  cessation of suffering . World Religion , later identified many times He only talks about suffering and  the way to  extinguish  suffering.

This is  the purpose of  saying the Buddha's  Religion  but later on the Patriarchs, the  commentators are  loyal  to  the spirit of  speaking this Dharma. Grand Master  Nagarjuna  (Nagarjuna)  , too .

-  Samyutta Business  IV (Samyutta Nikaya, Vol IV, PTS, London, ...) recorded teachings of  Venerable  Sariputta, Army General rank  Dharma  that:

"Those who  preach  to end the greed, those who  give the sermon  to the yard, those who  give the sermon  to the end, they are the  sermons  in life.

... Those who  practice  the end of greed, the  practice of  the end of the yard, the  practice of  the end of si, those who are clever  practice  in life ".

-  The  Anguttara Nikaya III (Anguttara Nikàya, Vol. III, PTS, London, ...) records that  the Buddha  taught the  monks  a part of the day used to study the Dharma, chant,  think  about Dharma, and speak Dharma. , and part of the day to live  in solitude ,  dedicated to  translational only , so it means to live under the law. Bhagavan  Island  ended  teachings by word Catholic world:

"  Monks , these are stumps, these are empty houses.  Monks ,  meditate , don't be  distracted . Don't regret later  . This is my precept for you." he".

The purpose  of speaking clearly is to talk about the end of greed, hatred, and ignorance, about the  legal actions  for taking part in greed, hatred and delusion.

3.  The  enlightened  supreme  of  Bhagavan

Brahma Net Sutra ,  Digha  I (Brahmajalasuttam, Digha-Nikaya, Vol I, PTS, London, ...) recorded  the event  enlightened  supreme  of  Bhagavan  that: The  master  non  Buddhism  because  attachment  sensation ,  attachment of  knowledge  of themselves, can not be  overcome  by  African ideal , non-  non-ideal  land of the (can not  pass the  5  aggregates ) in order to  exterminate the life thought , place of departure  political  liberation . The Blessed One due to clearly see the  impermanence ,  delusion  of  feeling  and  knowledge , he  does not accept  hide them, so  go to  attain the  Awakened .
The sutta  makes it clear:  craving  and  attachment  are the factors that prevent the  wisdom  of liberation  to be  understood  and eliminated.

4.  Listen to the dharma

The audience  heard  Bhagavan  lecturing  at many levels  Dinh Tue  different:

-  Venerable Kieu Tran Nhu  has just heard  The Ton  said in general about the  Four Noble Truths, he  immediately  attained the Dharma  Eye (seeing  the truth  of the dharma, though he did not have the ability to  reside and  enter ). Four days  next , listening to  the Five Aggregates  and  non-self , the  false religions  and four  fraternity  initiates have  attained  Arhat (end to  mortal  pain)

-  Venerable Shariputra  (Sariputta) and  Moggallana  (Mahamoggallana) heard the  verse  summary  of  Origination  immediately  attained France  label.

Then, after four  weeks of  serving  the Blessed One  while  listening to the Dharma  ,  the venerable Xa Loi Phat  gained great wisdom, Dai A-La-Han, comprehending  the truth  of the  Dharma realm ; Venerable Moggallana  execution of  meditation  continuously  for eight days, under the guidance of  Bhagavan , elect the Great Arhat (filed  delicate position  Property, First  Kabbalah ).

-  Venerable  Pukkusati, heard  The Blessed One  say  the Sutta  -  as a  person traveling with the rain - in a tent of rain, immediately  attained  Saint A-Na-Ham ( Immortal )

There are many  results of  listening to the dharma that  happen differently: in some  cases, one  may   immediately realize the truth, eliminate all  contraband or ; there are  cases  when immediately listening to real enlightenment  , but the  mind is  still entangled with  gonorrhea or  it takes  time to  practice , to eliminate; have  case  after hearing the boot  joy ,  confidence , and to a  time  long  practice  to develop  Hearing ,  Hue  and  Practicing. As such, it is not possible to  assert  that just  listening to the dharma  will not make it possible to  meet, to enter into  emptiness  (Súnyatà) or the  non-self  nature of all  things . Nor can it be  asserted  that just  listening to the dharma  and meditating on the dharma can  enter the  nature of emptiness . The problem  also  depends  on  the inborn ability, concentration , wisdom and  the  psychological disposition  of the listener (some people belong to the  Belief base ; some people belong to the  Radical base ; some people belong to the  Wisdom base)....) With the lecture about  Madhyamika  and the other argument  , too .

II. The concept of  emptiness  ( emptiness )

Trung Quan Luan , article XXIV, paragraph 18 writes:

"We  predestined being legal
Nga ie marketing theory No.
heron en  attendant  list
deaf  Middle Way  means"

(Dharma   born of predestined relationships
I say No
Also called  False Name
Also  means Middle  Way)

The  existence  is due to the  causal  combination  that arises, they do not like the self co.Vi  exists  no real self,  self . In other words, the so-called  self , the  ego  of  beings  is empty, not real. Great master  Nagarjuna  (Nagarjuna) called it not, is  Emptiness  (sunyata). Also call it  Alias  (just a name - mere name); also  means the Middle  Way ( Dependent Origination )

The commentator  wrote in paragraph 40, XXIV,  Trung Quan Luan  :

"Thi kinh trung theory
The  concept of predestination against the  Dharma and
deactivation of the power of  knowledge of the Buddha
Kien Suffering, Episode, Kill, and Dao"

(So ​​in the Sutta says
If you see  a predestined person,
you can see Buddha
And see Suffering, Tap, Kill, and Dao)

Thus,  emptiness  of  Madhyamika  means  dharmata  (Dharmata-Dhammata) and with  Buddha nature ,  Legs like  nature (Buddhata),  Origination  nature (Paticcasamupadata).

Emptiness  , therefore, outside all the  self  as usual, paragraph; birth and death; past, hybrid; most, freak; good bad; all, imperfect; etc .. as two  verses  beginning of  Madhyamika  said:
1. "Any birth heron  immortal ,
Extraordinary heron  estate segment ,
Real least allergic heron estate,
Real hybrid  herons any prediction"

2. "The  theory of  the predestined
predator Thien kills the  argument The
self-  respect of  the Buddha 's feast
The  first faithful theory "
(1. Neither birth nor death,
Neither normal nor fragmented,
Neither homogeneous nor distinctive,
Not coming also not go.
2. State the theory  of conditions  that,
Ingenious  extinguish  the  Coliseum comment .
I bow to  Buddha
tier  preached  the first in rank  preaching )
Emptiness ,  similar  Legs like ,  Nirvana , outside  Conceptual world of  egos . Unable to define not, which can only suggest that  not not  be the object of  thinking  selfhood  ( binary coast ), which is the  reality  as true of  the possible  import (Penetration).

III. About  self ,  ego Minister ,  ego

Beijing  Vajra  Prajna  introduce  the practice  to position  Bodhisattva  (bodhisattva) except  clinging  (upadana),  extinguished  the  ego ideal :  ego ideal , the ideal,  sentient  thought,  feeling false  idea, legal thought,  illegal  Thought, thought and  non-thought . Extinguish  the  thought  to realize  the  non-self  of  reality , to  enter  reality  as the sutta wrote:

"The  conspiracy to attain  the true self  of false dharma , which is the name of the  Great Bodhisattva  "
(If the reality  is  clear,  the self  is called the  Great Bodhisattva , the  attainment of the  wisdom of the Paramita )

It   is thought that factors obstruct  reality  as reality. It is  tame  thinking  selfhood  of  man , imprisons  the mind  humans  into the  birth and death  of sorrow, lamentation, pain, grief and distress.

Aristotle, a  philosopher  Greece, outlined three basic principles of  thinking , but if you want to  refute  them,  thinking  must also  operate  on them. That is:

1. Principle of Identity: An object called A, it   must always be A  for thinking  to  work  (symbol A = A)

2. Principle of non contradiction: An object is A or B, which can not be called A, sometimes called B.

3. Principle of Excluded Middle: An object is A or B, which cannot be A or B.
(Spaulding, The New Rationalism, New York, Henry Holt & Company, 1918, p. 106- 107)

Only on three principles, then  thinking  you can not  operate ,  people  can  exchange ,  convey  ideas ,  knowledge .

Three principles that implies that every  existence  must have  selfhood  fixed, and  the world  of  thinking  that  the world  stood  motionless  ()  thinking  has ceased the  operation  of the  world  () , between the  reality  the  flow  is endless. The  smooth world  means  () . This makes it clear that  thinking  about  reality  is  completely  alien  to  reality .

The main thinking  implies  selfhood  that has opened the lines of culture, the  value  of the convention (convention), involves the  reaction  psychology  of  humans  (greed, hatred and delusion, popular hate, hatred, etc. ..) create life with   virtual values full of darkness and suffering.

 Long Tho commentator  positive  emptiness Tanh  is to  wake  people  out of  the world  of the  thinking  of the  ego , the   virtual minister . Going out of  the world  is going out of greed, hatred, delusion, sorrow, compassion, suffering, virtue, brain. Depending on  the base nature  , intellectual property different people learn and hear about  Emptiness  can direct treatment,  directly imported , or  awakening  going on  the  elaborate  practice, concentration, wisdom and  Tu immeasurable  almost can direct treatment,  direct entry Emptiness  later.

IV. Emptiness  and short of  emptiness  .

The Short  Tanh Tanh Tanh ,  Trung Kinh Kinh  III,  introduces  "how is the  abiding in  emptiness"

Bhagavan  taught subjects  abides  by position  without pretentious  done  dwell  emptiness  is the idea of Hamlet, Forest,  Land University ,  Sichuan No provisions  and  formless  concentration . When  dwelling  in an object of any kind, the  Male-stilts  recite the one  dwellings  (with the  mind  in the Four Colors) and  one is  aware  of  the truth of  dependent origination  of the object (see clearly "this one is, the other one has "). With that  stay  , the object for the  Male-on stilts  is real yes, no crazy , the  implementation of  complete  purity ,  emptiness . This is the object  abides  by the Buddha and the saints after  completely  liberated  still  continue  to dwell , called Buddha residence, St. residence, or  categories .

Until  the object of  residing in the mind  is "formlessness of mind" (or  the meaning of the  selflessness  in all generals) that  one  awakens  that "formless mind" is also  compounded ,  impermanent  and the mind leaves  pirated sex  ( desire  realms Education),  property smuggled  ( desire  realms Sac), and  ignorance illegal  ( desire  realms  Infinite identity ), the  Male on stilts  actually  freed  from  birth and death , suffering.

Thus, there are two  elements of  mind that  determines whether  a practitioner  will  dwell  firmly on  emptiness  :

-  Practitioners  have the ability to  meditate  in the four colors (ie discharge, and  one-pointed disorder )

-  Awakening  of  the truth of  dependent origination  of the object of  residence .

Residing in the  nature Tanh Tanh  is thus  staying at the  true nature , the  mind is  clean of all  defilements ,  gonorrhea or . That residence  is also called being  able to enter  emptiness .

V.  Conclusion

Emptiness  as just presented above is the  Dharmata Tanh  Duyen  Tanh. The degree of willow  emptiness Tanh  depends  on the level of Dinh, Tue of  the practitioner  of the  sublime ,  Organic  or  Uneducated . With the level of  ordinary ,  mind  longer be  bound  by  Education World  Center ( good and evil  of  Fitness World ), heavy  habitual  ego , it is very difficult willow Assembly  Emptiness . With the line of  Saints study ,  practitioners  can identify clearly Emptiness , but not yet able to  enter . Holy goods  Wuxi school , so  cankers  was clean except, so  practitioners  also  conditions  can enter  Emptiness .

For those who can  not  enter emptiness , one  needs to practice  only meditation  and  meditation  (Samatha and Vipassana) through three levels of  practice  :

1. Exclude  psychological  defilements , the product of  five ones  ( agitation ,  drowsiness , fitness, golf, Comfort)

2. Practice the  four foundations of mindfulness  to enter the four rupas.

3.  Meditation of contemplation of  Pratyekabuddha  -  Selflessness  from psychology  in the four colors,  until  the  mind  leaves  the Greedy ,  Smuggled  and  Ignorant ignorance .

Until  now, we see  the elaboration  of Zen practice to  dwell , or  to enter ,  emptiness  is truly  tolerant  in the  teachings  of the  Venerable  (Theravada) and  Mahayana  (Mahàyana, or  Buddhist  Development). Hinayana  (or  Theravada ) or  Mahayana  are in the capacity to  perform  Jhana, Wisdom and do not belong to the  teachings . Emptiness  is  the truth  of all  things , and  the truth There is only one (no two), the place to be  absent from  all  afflictions and suffering. END=NAM MO SHAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).WORLD VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST ORDER=GOLDEN AMITABHA MONASTERY=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=THICH CHAN TANH.AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.12/11/2019.