Who is the successor after the infiltration?VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY=THICH CHAN TANH.
' Sutra flowers ' [1] - Buddha passed on to Ma-ha Ca Lettuce ( Maha kasyapa ), then Ca Lettucetransmitted to A Nan ( înanda ). In fact, this story originated in the Vinaya, then turned into the story of ' Cut the enchanted flower '. From this story, after Buddhism spread to China, here the Zen faction continued to connect and form the lineage of '33 Zen Patriarchs', starting from Ca Dich as the first Patriarch. First in India, the last one was 33 Hui Nang in China, and thought that this lineage was 'righteous.' From the fictional story of the lineage, over time the Chinese and Vietnamese Buddhists postulated it as a true fact in history.
However, if we seriously study the process of developing Buddhist thought in India and even Chinese Buddhism, this lineage story has too many issues to discuss, so it can only be viewed. the story of the lineage is the personal point of view of the Caucasian faction and the Chinese Zen tradition, not the unified common viewpoint in Buddhism. Have to say, the first to deny the story Buddha commanded Kassapa was Ananda, is clearly both resources A-levels and Nikaya, namely ' Beijing Gopaka Moggallana Sutta ' [2] in the " Business Central "(belonging to Pāli sources), equivalent to the source of the Chinese sources of the material" The Amputation of Section Lien Lien "in" Central A-functions " [3]. In the content of these two sutras, A Nan publicly denies the view that Ca Hout is the inheritance after The Exalted.
So where and from what are these two opposing views based on? Through the source of data, the view of denying the lineage originating from the sutra, initiated by A Nan; contrary to the notion that Buddha passed on to Ca Lettuce derived from the Vinaya, by the Venerable Ca Lama. Thereby, after the Buddha passed away in the Sangha forming two different ideologies: Ca Lack of law and A Nan of law (sutra).
In fact, the process of forming the story of ' Buddha's Passion for the Lives ' after he passed away is quite complicated, stemming from a story in the sutras describing the Buddha seeing the aged Ca Lettuce weak, wearing y heavy, Buddha gave good light to Ca Lua. [4] But through the narrative record in the Vinaya again, the intention was changed, the piece was described as the king's long dress when the throne was given to the Crown Prince, the meaning was clearly different, and from there the sentence was The "medical transmission" became quite important in Chinese Zen. This is the content discussed in this essay, however, because of the limitation of the paper, there are two main issues here: 1. The situation of old growth when the Buddha is still alive; 2. Is Ca Lettuce the inheritor after the Buddha's death?
The method of discussion for this paper, mainly using Abhidharma, Nikaya and Vinaya sources, thereby conducting, comparing, synthesizing, analyzing differences and different views among Southern and Northern material sources, to trace historical truths of problems.
1. REAL SITUATION OF INCREASING WHEN BUDDHISM IN THE WORLD
Usually the research division divides Buddhism into three phases: 1. Theravada Buddhism, 2. Sectarian Buddhism, 3. Mahayana Buddhism. In the period of Theravada Buddhism [5] is the age of growing up in harmony, typical for this time is 5 Nikaya and A-jaw. However, from these two sources, in which there are many sutras describing when Buddha was still alive, there was hidden discord in the Sangha. First of all, it can be said that the case of De-she-attainment ( Devadatta ) is the one who wants after the Buddha's death he will replace him to lead them [6], this ambition is of course not accepted by the Buddha. received, because it is impossible to take any personal opinion of someone to replace the dharma [7]That is, just as in a progressive civilized society, there is a general tendency to promote social governance according to the rule of law, not endorsing socialist monarchy, which is why The Buddha did not consider himself as the leader of the Sangha, [8] the new law and law were fair ethics, the teacher allowed them to increase their support. It can be said, this is a progressive view, taking the law as a foundation, appeared right in the time of Buddha, and applied by Him in the Sangha life. The disapproval of De-grandma's request, so he was in any way destructive of the old monk. It can be said that this is a dissonance event in the Sangha when the Buddha was still alive. In addition to this event ' Kosambiya Sutra ' in " Kinh Trung Bộ.""Refers to the Male monks living in discord, such as:
" The Male-stilts in Kosambī live competing, arguing, fighting, wounding each other with weapons and tongue. They do not sympathize with each other, do not accept sympathy; they do not reconcile themselves, do not accept reconciliation . " [9]
According to this sutra, the fact that the monks lived this dissonant life appeared during the Buddha's lifetime, although he was advised by the Buddha, but still ineffective. This event manifests as soon as World Religion still exists, there is a dissonance, disagreement in the Sangha does not have to wait until after the Buddha annihilates for 100 years, the old monk develops discord. That allows us to speculate that the old monastic division after Buddha passed away over 100 years from the Buddha's time.
In addition to the two typical events mentioned above, we find that the sutras with descriptive content, in which hidden hidden is not normal, makes the reader okay to avoid the skeptical, specific thinking. is ' False Scriptures ' in " Trung A Ham ". For the convenience of discussion, here the general author cited the presentation to analyze some of the problems in this sutra as follows.
The content of this sutra is described: At that time, in the City of Xa Xa ( Rāja-gaha ), the Buddha before the mass asked the masses to find him a attendant on the condition that: " He must know how to care, must able to remember what Tathagata taught, so as not to lose the meaning He preached ” [10] . In them everyone volunteered to be a world-renowned attendant, but he refused. Then the venerable Section Kiền Liên ( Pa: Moggallān ) intends to observe, know The Ton wants to choose A Nan as a false attendant. After exporting the item of Lien Lien and the masses came to A Nan to present this idea. A Nan fake religion said:
" Dear venerable Section Kien Lien, I cannot afford to be responsible as a World Religion, because it is difficult to meet the needs of the Blessed One. Dear fake Religion Section Kien Lien, because World Religion is like the King Statue [11] 60 years old, full limbs, long ivory mighty powerful. Therefore, I can hardly meet the needs of the Buddha to be a attendant for him ... That is why I cannot take on the responsibility of being a attendant for him . " [twelfth]
Venerable Section Kien Lien Lien did not back down, continued to persuade A Nan. Finally A Nan agreed with 3 conditions, if The Sun accepted: " 1. I do not wear the World Religion whether new or old; 2. I do not eat food when the host invites the Buddha separately; 3. I do not see the world of temporal Buddha. " [13] . Then venerate Section Kien Lien about the place of God Presenting the incident, the Blessed One accepted and said: " The pretentious A Nan is an intelligent intellectual who knows whether there will be a refugee, or fellow blasphemy says like this: The rate of pretentious A Nan because of the clothes that the Most Venerable; because of the food that the Blessed One ".
Through the content of the meaning of the paragraph that just quoted, there are some questions: First, The Sun is the master who is their teacher increased, he himself wants to choose A Nan as a attendant, but why not directly point must be approved by the public? Does that signify that in the old monk there have been envious envy people with A Nan?
Secondly, if The Ton determines that only A Nan is the one who meets the needs of The Ton, has the function of long memory, does not forget the meaning and words he teaches, aiming after the Tathagata dies, A Nan will be the same person who recited the words He taught, so The Sun chose A Nan to be a fake. If it is true, then why after the Buddha passed away, the first time of the classic collection, Ca Lout did not allow A Nan to join the practice. Reason not for A Nan to join the practice because A Nan has not witnessed Arahantship. If that night A Nan does not witness A Arhat, then perhaps he is not qualified to participate in the practice, then who is able to practice the Sutra? Thinking if there is any, no one can match A Nan. If that was the truth that happened at that time, then Buddhism had only two organs of Law and no Comment, If there is a scribe, the content of that episode is not as complete as the content of Nikāya or 4 A-jaws like today, because of limited memory. If Kinh does not have, then the law and the argument based on where to form? If we stand from this perspective to analyze, the decision of Ca Lout does not allow A Nan to participate in classic scriptures is wrong. Fortunately for us in the night A Nan promptly witnessed Arahantship to qualify for the practice. However, the condition that the participants of the practice must witness what A-la-Han means, is related to the work of scripture collection, this still does not show clarity. If at the A-la-Han results are able to assemble the holy scriptures, then in the congress, there were 499 A-la-Hans who could not enact their scriptures, if only A Nan was identified ability to practice the sutra,
Thirdly, the Congress allowed A Nan to participate in the practice, which determined that A Nan not only had a good memory ability, but also that he had witnessed the result of Arahantship, the position of taking part in greed and ignorance, no longer 'non-native land' [14]. So why in the course of the practice, A Nan recalled the fact that before the Blessed One passed away, 'small people could leave' [15] , why did Ca Lout not accept the Religion of World Religion again there is also the question of A Nan's accusation [16] , because A Nan does not ask the Buddha for what gender is small. According to the 'small gender' writer, the gender no longer adapts to the Sangha life, when the social life has changed, it is also not related to the enlightenment of liberation.
Fourthly, being a fake attendant for The Ton was a great honor, because of being close to the Buddha, learning a lot ... but why did A Nan refuse? when accepting, the attendant placed 3 conditions with the Buddha. The content of the meaning of these 3 requirements clearly indicates that in the old monk there are people who carry the mind of evil with A Nan. Then who is that person? Why is The Religion as a Master who does not directly educate this person, to give him the opportunity to modify his practice? These are the issues we need to clarify.
Fifth, also in this business refers to A Nan as a fake Buddhist for 25 years, which means close to The Ton with time to 25 years, but why A Nan does not witness Arahantship, The truth is, does this or behind this confirmation imply some meaning?
Through what is described in this 'attendant' experience, expressing something hidden behind the linguistic language described in the sutra, it also demonstrates in latent old growth hidden in the immortal seed. peace. Does it originate from two different perspectives between Ananda and Ca Hout?
2. MUST HAVE A CASTING IS A SENDER AFTER THE FOLLOWING BUDDHA
Concerning the lineage, in addition to Vinaya, in the " Sutra A-jaw ", the "Amputation of the Sutra" [17] has recorded the conversation between the goddess Vu The and the venerable A Nan. lineage. The content of thought in this sutra differs from the point of view in the law, denying the theory that, the Buddha transmitted to Ca Lettuce, Ca Lettuce transmitted to A Nan, recorded in " Phu Phap Tibetan Origination Story " [18] which when present we see it as historical truth, without doubt. Because of the convenience of monitoring, here I quote the whole story between Vu The God and A Nan as follows:
"The Great Lord Vu, the country Ma Kiet Da asked: A-nan, no monk is comparable to The Sun. But is there a Bhikkhu-Bhikkhu on the ground during the world and set up and say that 'this monk after I Nirvana will be a refuge for the monks' ...? False Religion A-nan answer: This is Vu The absolutely not ...
Mr. Vu The Lord asked again: ... Is there a Bhikkhu-stilts that we are united to establish that, "Bhikkhu-stilts, after the Enlightenment of Nirvana, is the refuge for the monks' ...? Venerable A-nan answered: There are also no monks who have been raised by the monks.
Mr. Vu The Lord asked again: ... Hey A-nan, if so, do you currently have no one to rely on ...? Venerable A-nan answered: Hey Vũ Thế, don't say that we have no one to rely on ... .. "This is Vũ Thế, we don't rely on people, but we rely on the law ... " [19]
The text of the passage has shown that, Ananda identified four very clear problems: 1. No one can replace the Buddha; 2. Before World Religion annihilated Him, he did not designate who after his death would replace him as a refuge, their leadership increased; 3. After World Religion annihilates the old monk, there has never been a group of nominations or invitations to replace the Religion for refuge for them to increase; 4. Although The Sun has passed away, but that does not mean that the words he taught also cease to follow, his dharma is still there, the monks take teachings as a refuge, should not rely on any Who. In other words, the meaning of this passage determines that no one can replace the Buddha, because he is the one who discovers the path of enlightenment, all of his disciples, whoever is only a person, depend on that path. practice,take France as a refuge ', however after The Sun ruled the Ca Lout again claiming to be the Exalted World, this is the reason A Nan denied, before the Buddha passed away without giving leadership. For anyone, and after The Religion has passed away, they never increase the group of suggestions or elections instead of the Buddha leading them to increase. So does the old monk lead no one? Here A Nan determined, although the body of aggregates of The Sun passed away, but his dharma is still there, they increase the dharma as a teacher, as a refuge. Then A Nan relied on this to form this view? In fact, this view is not of Ananda but originates from the Religion before He entered Nirvana, like:
" Hey Ananda, if some of you think:" The words of the Master are no more. We do not have the Master (patriarch). Hey Ananda, don't have such thoughts. This Ananda, Dharma and Law, I have taught and presented, after I kill the degree, the Fa and the Law will be the Dhamma of the Thou ”. [20]
The Dharma of dependent origination is the truth of the world that is the first one discovered under the Bodhi tree, from this truth He points out the nature of life is impermanent, divine, but the thinking of human beings are contrary to the rules of life, what we like, want it to be often, what does not like it, want it to be lost, want to be, but not to be born suffering, so people live in that world To be happy and peaceful, we need to accept the morality of impermanence, to acknowledge that we do not own anything, even our body, our thoughts, this idea in Buddhism is called non-self. Thus the doctrine of dependent origination and impermanence is the three basic teachings of the Buddha. After that, he base on these three basic teachings, depending upon the beings that declare all other teachings. This is the doctrine that is enlightened by The Sun, only he who discovered that path of enlightenment, all his followers who followed his practice, whoever followed it, was the only one who followed that enlightened path to practice, so we only have one Taoism. Monk, no one can replace Him, even though His great body has passed away, but His dharmakaya is still there, what He needs to teach He taught, what He Not saying, not to say, surely He will not say, because that does not relate to enlightenment. That's why He said: ' what He did not say, not to say, surely He will not say, because it is not related to enlightenment. That's why He said: ' what He did not say, not to say, surely He will not say, because it is not related to enlightenment. That's why He said: 'I have only lived life so well '( horror teachers ). If we are those who seek enlightenment, then we rely on it to practice, why to form a new guru, a new theory. Because forming a new guru means synonymous with a new theory; According to the new theory, it is not synonymous with Buddha's enlightenment.
Thereby showing this view of the business, expressing the attitude of disapproving the theory that the Buddha passed on the old monk leadership to the Lettuce, then Ca Lettuce was given to A Nan ..., just like the 33th Zen Buddhist monks of the United States. This is the point we need to pay attention to.
According to the spirit of the classic A function and Nikaya, the truth (doctrine) is not one's own, so it is not possible for anyone to know it; [21] , no matter who he is, whoever is not transmitted, but he sees the dharma and practices as the dharma, he can still become a Buddha, on the contrary, even if he is a Buddha disciple, is foot transmission, but the French do not see, do not practice as dharma, take part in ignorance, then suffering will follow him like a shadow in the form. That is why the Buddha before the mass told:
' Hey A Nan! As I have taught, all of my favorite things are dharma, because you don't have to be miserable. Hey A Nan! You should understand that soon, I will leave too. So you should make the island yourself, rely on yourself; take the dharma as an island, take the dharma as a refuge; don't take anywhere else as an island, don't rely on any other place '. [22]
The content of the meaning of this passage, clearly the Buddha determined, his four-element body will also follow the law of natural impermanence disintegrating, returning four great elements. Therefore, after the Tathagata passed away, the monks had to rely on themselves, relying on the dharma, should not rely on anyone. However, this educational spirit through the Vinaya has an unusual development, for example " Good Law " says:
" Ca Lout again thought: When Tathagata is still in the world, he brings the ca sa robe to me." Think again: In the old days, the Buddha used to say before the pretentious: "I entered the first meditation, Ca Dan also entered the first meditation. Tathagata praised me, the achievement of Ca Lout is like I am not different. This is the meaning of Tathagata taking the virtue of transmission to us. This is like, the king took off his long dress and handed it to his son, to protect the Jiangshan race. The Tathagata is like that again, after I (Tathagata) enter Nirvana, Ca Hout is the legal guardian, that's why The Buddha gave me medicine . ” [23]
The content of this paragraph is intended to determine, the Buddha himself confirmed the witness of the Ca Lettuce similar to The Blessed One, that is why the Buddha had brought him ( Kāsāyāni vatthāni ) to the Ca Lettuce . That event is like the king taking off his long-sleeved shirt and giving it to the Crown Prince, from here the son is king, full of majesty of the king's throne, responsible for watching Jiangshan race. In the same way, the fact that The Blessed One gave y to Ca Lout also meant this.
However, the story of The Blessed One exalted Ca Dich to practice meditation and the transmission of medicine originated from " The A Ham, " but the sutra has another meaning. As the number 1142 records, while World Religion is speaking the dharma to them, Ca Hout from outside walks into the auditorium with his body, long haired beard, and medical dress. The masses saw Ca Lettuce start-up disdain saying: " Who is this monk who is sloppy, does not have any suspicion, the clothes are slamming here " [24]. The Buddha knew that their thoughts increased with a disdain, and then expressed their attitude of education, by calling Ca Hout to divide half of the court to invite Ca Dien to sit, then to praise the attainment of Ca Lizard's meditation like Him. Through the specific context of the story, if the Buddha wanted to educate them to increase, he should not have a mind of contempt, so he divided the court half for Ca Lettuce and praised Ca Mau's meditation meditation as the same. World Religion?
Also, the Law in the Law mentions the Buddha 'transmitting y' to Ca Hout, originating from the Sutra 1141 [25] in " Tap A Ham ". However, the meaning of the transmission of medicine in this sutra is also different from what is mentioned in the Vinaya. Specifically the content in this sutra recorded:
" Now the teacher (Ca Liep) has grown old, the bases are weak, wearing heavy algae chalk, my shirt is both light and good, now you can stay in them wearing this light shirt ." [26]
Thereby, the fact that the Buddha for Ca Lua was only meaningful, because he saw the old Ca Diatom, weak, wearing heavy algae powder, so the Buddha brought the medicine to be light and good for Ca Lettuce. The fact that the Buddha gave him only means so much, but when editing in the Vinaya turns into a story of ' Buddha's Passion for Ca Lives ' is a symbol of the lineage, for this event is like a king. bring the long-sleeve dress to the child. Obviously this story is meant to be after the annihilation of the Sun, Ca Dich is the successor and leader of the Sangha. This is even more clearly stated in " The Theory of the First Theory of Abhidharma Suffering " recorded:
" Ca Liep told Ananda that: Do you know, before before the Buddha entered Nirvana to give me the dharma transmission. Now before I enter Nirvana, I also bring the dharma to him (A-nan), he should be smart to keep it . ” [27]
This passage identifies, the Buddha before entering Nirvana brought the Dharma to Ca Lout, now Ca Lout is also about to enter Nirvana to bring the Dhamma to A-nan, later this Chinese Zen Buddhism is attached. into 33 Buddhist monks and nuns.
From the Buddha saw the older Ca Lua wearing heavy algae chalk, so he took good medicine for Ca Lettuce recorded in the sutra, however this story passed to Vinaya, this y turned into a long dress. the king's cell imparted to the child, representing the succession, from the medicine that merely means to transform into the object of Buddha's teachings transmitted to each other. Since then, Ca Lout became a substitute for the Sangha leader, how to maintain or develop Buddhism, decided by Ca Liep and the elders.
3. CONCLUSION
Through the two sources of the Sutra and the Vinaya shows, after the Buddha passed away in the Sangha formed two views of the 'weight' of Ananda and 'the law of the Lettuce. These two perspectives are clearly expressed in two different sources of material: Kinh and Law. Vinaya that Kassapa's successor after the death of the Buddha, the lineage is represented by the y are passed on to the Buddha Kassapa, or story ' Sealing flower goofy behavior', The Buddha brought the flower only Ca Diat to understand the Buddha's mind by smiling, so Buddha imparted the dharma of the viscera to Ca Liep. However, this view is not accepted by the Sutra Pitaka, Ananda openly denies Ca Lout's position in the Vinaya, because when Buddha is still in the world, he does not give rise to old leadership to anyone even Ca Lettuce , after World Religion annihilated them, they never opened a meeting to appoint or invite any one to replace the Buddha to lead them up.
The critical view of Ananda and the viewpoint of the Law of Lettuce reflect the two tendencies to develop the Dharma, after the Exalted World, the law of Ca Lout's law clearly influenced the view of the States - Na Giao, which he spent 30 years of ascetic study in this school. On the contrary, A Nan is the only follower of the Buddhist monastic monks to study, is intelligent, learns to memorize a lot, to practice the Buddha-dharma to make attendants need to be close to the Buddha for 25 years, never been contaminated by a reason another theory, and of course he knows clearly, which method is of the means and which is truthful, the method of dependent means can be removed when it is no longer suitable for people and society and vice versa. Perhaps that is the reason the Buddha chose A Nan to be a attendant, not to choose others, and that was the reason why A Nan did not agree with the law of the Lettuce law,
However, this view was not accepted by Ca Hout, not only did not accept the view of the 'small world to leave' of The Ton, was told by A Nan before the Congress, but also was brought to the past by Ca Dien, ending Crime of A Nan committed 7 charges of "Punching-la-la". The veto of Ca Hout synonymous, from here on after the Dharma developed according to the tendency of the Ca Lettuce, from which formed the viewpoint after the Tathagata passed away the Male stilts took precepts as teachers. Thereby, from the Buddha's teaching in the sutra, you take the dharma as a refuge, until the Buddha is about to enter Nirvana into a sentence: after the Tathagata annihilates you to take the Dharma and the Law as a teacher, giving to the Vinaya, it mentions: After the Tathagata destroys you, you take the precepts as teachers. From taking the Fa as a refuge, came to take 'Dharma' and 'Law' as a refuge,
If the point of ' small gender is not left out ' is the point of importance of the Law of Ca Lettuce is reasonable, then it is not possible to argue about '10 things' at the second time of the classic collection, and you The elder elders despise the opinion of the majority of the members participating in the practice, 8 elders decide '10 things are illegal ', which is the cause of the controversy about 5 things of Dai Thien. END=NAM MO SAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=THICH CHAN TANH.GOLDEN AMITABHA MONASTERY=AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.5/6/2019.
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