[10]

Chapter ten

Summary.VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY=THICH CHAN TANH.

-ooOoo-

The memory of Buddha was born in 554 BC before the Lumbini garden of Kapilavatthu, in 509, he became a member under the Bodhiigaya of Magadha. By 464 before the Western calendar, he had spread throughout forty-five years; Thus Sangha was established forty-five years. Then he was staying at Grudhakuta (Kyu-quat or Linh Thuu mountain, or Ke Tuc mountain) near the city of Ragagaha of Magadha. He lived for eighty years in the world, at the time of entering Nirvana. Kinh Dai Nirvana Bowl (Maha Parinibbana Sutta) of the Ministry of II recorded quite sufficiently about the last days of the Buddha in the world. The following strategy has been based on that text.

From Ragagaha, after teaching about Gender, Dinh, Wisdom, the Buddha and the Bhikkhu-stilts consisted of five hundred people going north, heading to Kapilavatthu to Amolatthika, then again to Nalandà, both places where the Buddha preached the consequences. the harm of violating the precepts and the benefits of keeping the precepts for a lay layman. At Kotigama, the Buddha preached about the need to understand the Four Noble Truths, and then preached about the Precepts and Dhammas. He and the monk-monk disciples continued their journey to Nàdika. Here, he preached about the liberation of a Bhikkhu-stilts and about gender, concentration and wisdom. Arriving in Vesali, he stayed at the garden of the Ambapalì woman and preached about Gender, Concentration and Wisdom.

"Hey Anada, they Bhikkhu-stilts still expect to be where I? This Ananda, I have taught the Dharma does not distinguish between the French or the secret. As a hybrid is not the Administrator also retains something in the fist for If it is possible to think that "I will lead the Sangha" or "Sangha depending on me", then he will need to give the instructions related to the Sangha. so why why Tathagata had to leave the coaching? Ananda, the Tathagata is old, already old, the Tathagata's journey is about to end, Tathagata has reached the end of the day because Tathagata is eight old age.

"So, Ananda, be a lamp to yourself, be a refuge for yourself, do not rely on any place outside yourself. A bhikkhu becomes a lamp of refuge for yourself in a bar colors, feeling, thoughts, actions, consciousness, with the human being's attentive and sorrowful attentions, and always striving, self-control and mindfulness, in the monks of My disciples, who do so, forgiving learning like that, right now, or after I have exterminated, the Bhikkhu-stilts will reach the ultimate result. "

After that, the Buddha entered Vesali to beg for alms, and together with Venerable Ananda came to Cabala. Kinh tells that when the demon came to ask the Buddha to kill. He taught that he only kills when the Dharma is spread widely and steadily; then He asked Ton Ananda has a request, three times the rank of Dao Professor asked but Ton false Ananda still does not understand the idea. In the end, the Devil again asked the Buddha to kill, and he accepted and told Ton Ananda that in three months he would enter Nirvana. Then Venerable Ananda pleaded with him not to kill, but he did not approve of that plea.

The Buddha and his monk disciples went to Kutagara here, he taught:

"The monks, now that we are enlightened and teach them, they must be smart to learn, to practice, to practice and to spread widely to be able to live forever, for happiness for sentient beings, for the sake of life, for the sake, for the sake of happiness, for peace and for God.

The Buddha explained that these are the four Mindfulness, Bon Chanh need, Bon Nhu yup, Nam Can, Nam Luc, Seven Giac chi and Eight Chanh Dao, often referred to as Thirty-seven assistant products.He instructed:

"The monks, this is the word I say to you: the actions are impermanent, be diligent to liberate yourself."

The Buddha continued to beg for alms in Vesali, then he went to Bhandagaya to teach about gender, concentration, and wisdom. He continued to travel with the monks to Hatthigàma, Ambagàma, Bhoganagara; at Bhoganagara, he taught:

"The Bhikkhu-stilts, can have the Bhikkhu-stilts said: Hey Sage, I heard from the mouth of the Sun, such life itself is French, so is the Law, so is the teaching of the ranks Dao Master. The Bhikkhu-stilts, he should not be praised, should not cancel the words of the Bhikkhu-stilts. Do not praise, not destroy the scandals of each word, each sentence, but need to study thoroughly and When compared with the Bible, compared with the Law, if they are not suitable for the Bible, do not correspond to the Law, then you can conclude: "Certainly these words It is not the word of the Blessed One, and the bhikkhu has been wrongly taught, "and then the monks give up on them. When compared with the Sutra, compare them with the Law and if they are suitable Sutra, respectively v i Law, then he can conclude: "

Buddha and the Bhikkhu-stilts to Pa and, stay at the mango garden of the blacksmith Cunda. Here the Buddha was poisoned by the eardrum of the meal that Cunda offered. He was dysentery but then he regained the disease. To Kusinara, he gave a lecture to Pukkusa of the Mallà tribe. He continued to go to the river Kakutta, where he bathed the river and went to the mound across the river. He continued on and took every step, finally to the Himmavati River in Kisunara. He entered the forest Sàla in the tribe Mallà, then told the fake Ananda spread the place for him between two Sàla trees, head towards the North, He taught:

"Hey Ananda, achieve the Dharma and the Dharma, live in the Dharma and practice the Dharma properly."

Next, he preached about the four Stigmata to contemplate: 1) In Buddha's birth; 2) In Buddha's realization; 3) The Buddha moved the dharma; 4) Where Buddha passed away. He also taught the author of Ananda to keep his mind, to show his serious attitude towards women and to advise on the division of his greed. He recommends:

"Hey Ananda, please be diligent, towards self-sufficiency, live without exuberance, needless, specializing in self-sufficiency."

Sun Jia Ananda found himself not enlightened, again saw the ranks of Ethics are about to die, sadly went to the monastery based on the door but cried. The Buddha called for false Religions to come and preach on Impermanence, exhort and praise the false Religion and teach shortly that the false Religion will attain Unconsciousness. Then he taught false Religions to tell the people of Mallà that tonight, the Blessed One will destroy the level. Then he even gave Subbada a pagan ordination to the monks. This is the Bhikkhu-stilts in the end being Buddha for joining the Church during his time (later Su-Subbada attained A-la-Han).

He even turned to Ananda, who taught:

"Hey Ananda, if there are people in your mind who think:" The words of the Master of Ethics are no longer available, we no longer have the Dhamma ", this is Ananda, do not have such thoughts. My Law has taught and presented, after I kill, the Dharma and the Law will be your Masters. "

The Buddha also asked three times to see if Ananda had any more questions to ask. He then taught:

"Hey Ananda, in these five hundred monks, the lowest one who has attained Sutra, is no longer devastated, certainly leads to liberation."

And this is the last teaching of the Buddha:

"The monks, now I advise you:" The compounded things are impermanent, please be diligent, do not have any distractions! "

Then the Buddha entered Sister meditation; Sister meditation, enter the second meditation; Second meditation, enter Three meditation; export Tam meditation, enter the Fourth meditation; out of the four meditation, enter No boundless origin; export No boundless origin, enter the infinite consciousness;Export of infinite origin, enter the Landless possession; export of the possession of the land, enter the idea of ​​non-idealism; export African idea of ​​non-ideal origin, enter the landless property; out of the possession, enter the infinite consciousness; Export of infinite origin, enter No boundless origin; export No boundless origin, enter the Fourth meditation; export Four meditation, enter Tam meditation;export Tam meditation, enter Second meditation; Second meditation, enter Sister meditation; Sister meditation, enter the second meditation; Second meditation, enter Three meditation; export Tam meditation, enter the Fourth meditation; out of meditation, he immediately eliminated degrees,

Thus, the Buddha entered meditation freely in the realms of Lust and Formlessness, so that eventually from the Fourth Meditation, he would come and enter directly into Nirvana.

Through the scriptures, we see the Buddha has repeatedly emphasized the importance of the Three Studies (Gender, Concentration, Wisdom) for a disciple of him. His teachings have been preached and taught in a specific and clear way. Implementing that teaching to fully realize like Him, the monk must study, must understand it at the same time, to maintain the bases through the preservation of the precepts. The Dharma and the Law are reminded by the Master of Ethics, which is a measure of the value of every opinion, point of view, and action, thus outlining what is true and what is false. The spirit of respect for the Fa and the Law is essential, but not blindly to dogma. Therefore, wisdom is promoted through meditation practice, a shining light for practitioners. The light emanating from the practitioner itself is the meaning of "being a lamp, a refuge for yourself".

The need for cultivation, self-control, self-confidence, self-sufficiency leads to the attainment of the fruit as all five hundred monks around the Buddha when he is about to enter Nirvana. The introduction of these five hundred monks is the Buddha's encouragement to his disciples, and is a testimony of the successful performance of the Sangha during the Buddha's time. He also taught that Dharma should be widely disseminated for the benefit of sentient beings, due to the Buddha's infinite compassion. His last teaching: "The monks, now I advise you: The compounded things are impermanent, be diligent, do not have to exaggerate" is the profound message of the great Master, must be consecrated, must be mindful, must be done for those who want to be freed from suffering, especially for the monastic ordination.  

In forty-five years, the Sangha has been formed and grown constantly, bringing some basic features below.

1. The Sangha is a group founded and educated by the Buddha during the time when He first turned Falun in Baranasi until He entered Nirvana at Kusinara. .

2. The Sangha includes all the elderly, young, male and female members, all levels from the king, from the pagan monks to the people ... to live equally, purely, in the Buddha's teaching.

3. Sangha practiced gender and concentration, and Tue became a strong collective, with great influence in the masses, including many who achieved the highest result compared to other congregations and Sangha Buddha The teacher later.

4. Sangha consists of monks who leave their families, live single, poor and keep alms;In addition to food, clothing and a few essential items, no one has any personal property.

5. Organized Sangha, strict precepts based on the spirit of self-awareness, purity, harmony and non-violence.

6. The Sangha advocates self-liberation as the main, while closely communicating with the society to spread the Dharma, expressing the spirit of forgiveness.

7. The Sangha is strongly supported by the government and the masses, especially by many great lay people who are one of the Buddhists.

8. Sangha has created unique ideologies, culture, ethics, and society.

9. Sangha has full meaning of the Three Jewels.

Coming here, I also need to discuss more about the spirit of harmony and purity in the Sangha. That spirit strongly influenced the practice, the flourishing of Sangha and of Buddhism.

Purification is the purity, purity of the soul by the practice of the moral precepts of the Bhikkhu-stilts related to the development of wisdom which leads to ultimate liberation. Reconciliation is a peaceful, tolerant attitude towards everyone, it is a spirit of compassion, compassion, peace, non-violence. That spirit is expressed by the principle of harmony in the life of the Sangha community:

1. Harmonization of practitioners (together in harmony with the same world of duty); 
2. Ants mediation (having the same place to know, exchanging for each other about Buddha Dharma); 
3. Benefit of equalization (equal sharing of items); 
4. Body harmony and co-residence (the same chemical agreement, the glass cedes each other); 
5. Air-tightness is avoided (words are gentle, pleasant, not controversial); 
6. Italy reconciles (the idea of ​​being sociable, not contrary to each other, happy to live together).

Even in the time of the Buddha, the cases of violating the precepts were not few, especially when the Sangha had become crowded in life, making the Patimokkha world more long because many things were introduced to prevent forbid recidivism. The Ministry of Monks and Monks has told a story of a Brahmin to visit the Buddha and raise the public opinion in his kings' line: "In the past, the monks had little, but many of them were high-ranking. The spirit of metamorphosis is manifested, and today, many monks and nuns have few superiors, few miracles. The Buddha explained by dividing three types of divine powers, the deity, the divine powers, and the divine teachings. He taught the god of Catholicism the most important, the most beneficial, and his existing disciples were mostly in the position of the god of education, ie the ability of them. It is a delicate and practical answer. Yet the public opinion that the Brahmin mentioned is also a fact. Indeed, when the congregation is crowded, enlightenment is less, it is probably natural, because then the identification of the possibility of realization is difficult to manifest. It is a great accomplishment in popularizing Dharma, creating a strong organization is a good situation to meet people who are trying to liberate suffering. Nor should an idealization of the fact that life with imperfect people is searching for the perfect place. Therefore, the law recorded many cases of breaking the precepts, many monks rotten, cheating, slandering, greed, arguing, causing each other ... Even the Buddha was silently going away. into the deep forest to live quietly and to warn the disciples of lack of purity and harmony.

Another case to be noted is the case of Bhikkhu-monk Devadatta (Thought-grandmother-attained-multi), the most frustrating and annoying disciple of the Buddha and the Sangha. Devadatta joined the congregation at the same time as many other princes, when the Buddha returned to Kapilavatthu for the first time after witnessing it. As a cousin of the Buddha, he proved diligent in spiritual practice, so many people admired him, but when he was old he was rotten again, wanting to replace the Buddha leading Sangha. He urged King Ajatasatu to take over the throne of his father Bimbisara, and instigated the king to harm the Buddha. Once the King Ajatasattu followed the instigation that gave the archers to ambush to shoot at the Buddha, but due to the mighty power of the Blessed One, the archers did not perform the other conspiracy. Devadatta himself pushed a large stone to crush the Buddha, but only a small piece of stone hit His feet. Another time,

Finally Devadatta along with the six monks asked to amend the precepts, declared the Buddha to be lavish, not keeping the monk's moral virtue. The incident also attracted thousands of monks to Devadatta, almost a second Church was established. However, the virtue of the Buddha is still bright, and due to the efforts of the two Venerable Sàriputta and Moggallàna, those who are lost have returned to submission and Devadatta has shunned, isolated, lonely and miserable. . When he was too regretful, Devadatta tried to find guilt with the Buddha, but the risk of him dying while bathing in a pond.

The above mentioned events remind everyone that no matter how close an organization is, no matter how good the members are ... there are no bad elements, no obstacles. But with the mighty presence of Buddha, the obstacles were quickly solved. But later, the problem is no longer so easy, so the practice of Meditation, Tri Giay, the Yet-Ma tradition of Sangha, the vigilance must always be at the forefront of the Sangha. -old.

Sangha during the Buddha's time in favorable conditions and historical significance, is the complete Sangha, the best performance ever. The compounded dharma, according to the Buddha's teaching, is due to the condition of birth, which is impermanent, so it is inevitable that the change according to circumstances, over time. The Buddha appeared in life, giving a message of salvation as a predestined relationship, He was a medicine to treat the severe disease of sentient beings, suffering and reincarnation.

Buddha did not claim to be a scientist, a philosopher. What he teaches is practical, depending on the basis of sentient beings according to the social time, the circumstances of each individual. He used both philosophical thinking systems, the beliefs of the majority at that time, many things that he did not really accept, how to lead people to follow the path that he proclaimed. His teachings are arbitrary, so flexible that in many cases it seems contradictory. The precepts he sets are also based on contemporary circumstances, today of course a few need to change and a few may also need to be added to the new circumstances. The spirit of keeping the precepts always needs to be upheld, but it is not the content tightness or the word itself - of each gender. Therefore, the view that only the original precept is the first, is invariant, that view seems to be contrary to the spirit of No-self, Non-accepting of the Buddha's teachings. But, the demolition, changing the precepts arbitrarily, it is negligence, let go of the lung and rotten.

The Dharma of the Buddha has been likened to Him as "finger pointing to the moon". It is very practical, very precious but still nonetheless a means. And so, the controversy over the Dharma after the Buddha's time is still formed and exists. Three months later since the Buddha passed away, Maha Kassapa (Mahāyapa Lettuce), the great disciple of the Buddha instead of the Sangha leader, opened the first assembly near Rajagaha, due to his own Sun Jia Ananda reread the Buddha's teachings, Venerable Upàli read the Precepts, as a basis for the Tripitaka later. From here, there were many disagreements about Kinh, Law and Luan, and some public opinion said that some A-la-Han did not attend the conference, remembering that some Kinh and Law are not exactly the same as Ananda. and Upàli read it again. Then, the more Buddhism later split into several sects, and the fourth episode, about six centuries later,

Except for a number of secondary reasons, the main reason for the division of the derivative from different perspectives on some of the meanings of teachings and disciplines of practice. These sets of treatises are growing more and more, the teachings of the Buddha are analyzed, being implemented very carefully. The spirit of philosophy, discourse has enriched the culture of Buddhist thought, but it may also have gone far from the practical nature to liberate from the suffering of the Buddha. First of all, Buddhism has become a study subject, psychology, phenomenology, cosmology ... Beginning with the appearance of the Abhidharma-vajrayana-sectarianism, no-sect. the essay, the Thesis-like faction, the commentators have all proved that they are great minds, their analyzes have helped the learners;but, a person studying Buddhism must be a practitioner, and indeed have deep, thorough knowledge,

Due to the impermanent nature of compounded things, the changes in the practice method, both in terms of the Buddha Dharma are impossible, and of course the Sangha also has some features that change over time. space and space. Since the Buddha entered Great Nirvana, since there has been division into sects, the cases of enlightened monks have become increasingly rare. Morally speaking, it is due to the instability in the organization of physical and spiritual activities of people in society, and of course all Sangha (and this is the reason most specific, practical).

One point to emphasize is that the spirit of precepts in the Sangha has not yet been unified and strict.This refers only to the moral spirit, but not to the specific content of the precepts, the monk's rule has not been thoroughly applied, the transmission and exchange of gender, concentration and wisdom also traditionally, harmony, purity, not yet well known in Sangha, there is no harmony between the common and the Sangha's own in the residence, the school, the locality and the Sangha. old of four directions ...

Enlightenment must be the tradition of the Sangha, the rise of wisdom and spirituality must be the tradition of the Sangha. If not, then on the meaning, do priests and lay people differ?

Three Jewels are the common sense of all things. The Three Jewels are full in a monk, in the Sangha, in a Buddhist lay and in a non-Buddhist. The will to build a peaceful and peaceful life, to reduce suffering is the common will of all sentient beings. To fulfill that wish, to carry out the Buddha's saving message, the Sangha itself, each monk himself must be a pioneer in the action and in the accomplishment of the virtue. END=NAM MO SAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=THICH CHAN TANH.GOLDEN AMITABHA MONASTERY=AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.14/5/2019.