[07]

Chapter seven

The attainments and realms of attainment.VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY=THICH CHAN TANH.

-ooOoo-

P- learning is Mind-learning. Tu is the mind, the mind is the mind. The Buddha taught: "The mind is in front of all things, managing things, creating things" (Dhammapada, Dharma Sutra). And: "What is unwholesome, related to akusala, all comes from the mind. What is good and related to good, all comes from the mind, (Sang chi, Anguttara I)". Due to the level of practice of the practitioner, the mind attains each level of purity, and accordingly, the attainment and realm of attainment of the practitioner also have different levels.

The realm must be understood as the realm of Mind. The status quo of the things around us in the human realm here is easy to give us the impression of nearness, high and low ... so we think that the realms of attainment achieved by practice are a space a place. Since then, Nirvana, the ultimate liberation scene is also easy to be misunderstood as a realm, a place ... with the thought of a mind of sex, a human mind. In the Realm, the invisible realm, the mind of sentient beings is more subtle, the look of the "world" has changed differently. For example, in the invisible world, "realms" are not boundless, infinite consciousness, the concept of near and far, high and low ... is no longer available.The spiritual state of the three senses of sexuality, form and formlessness can be experienced, "going in" by practicing meditation. That experience can also be tasted by a commoner, though very flawed, sketchy, even if it only lasted for a brief moment, suddenly when he received the world around him with his state of mind at times: sometimes he received the world around him with form, color, and sound. its bar, or with joy, sadness, indifference or with a continuous piece of thinking. So, it can be said, the witness world has shown the state of mind.

Testimony is achieved through meditation, due to meditation. The scriptures describe no shortage of enlightened cases. But, after all, this enlightenment is a manifestation of a long-term process of cultivation and maintenance, in which the meaning of stillness (Jhana) continues through. Meditation is not only in the sitting posture, but in all postures of daily activities. Practicing in Buddhism often carries the meaning of meditation, is understood in the most common way to purify the mind, to manifest the Wisdom leading to liberation, beyond the reincarnation of the three realms of the sex realms, the precepts, the world .

When discussing concentration of learning, we have mentioned the practice of Zen Buddhism (or Bat Dinh, also known as Bat dan chi - Samapttiya), ie eight levels of promotion of spirituality. In fact, that way of dividing is only relatively similar to all other divisions. The sutras often divide the Eight-fold, making two parts: the first four genera are called the Four Meditation Bodhisattvas (the second meditation, the second meditation, the Fourth Meditation) and the four following generals are called the Four Noble Elements : No boundless origin, Infinite origin, No property, and Non-ideal non-ideal).The two groups of the four forms of samadhi and the four forms of samadhi are also considered to be two different ways, according to which, the practitioner or the four types of meditation (the final level of the Four Noble Truths) can go straight to the ultimate Nirvana or the Four Noble Truths. meditate through the Four Noble Truths (maybe from the Land of the Immaculate Consciousness to go through Nirvana) to the ultimate Nirvana,

Sister meditation is the realm that the practitioner attests to the state of bliss because he has subtracted from the five hindrances (false, kissed, lust, anger and doubt). This is the joy of directing, the mind is calm, starting to settle.

Continuing to practice, the practitioner reaches the second level of the second meditation. At this level, stronger determination (feeling of happiness) the thinking subject and objects of thinking together with each other, mind and materialism (though not yet ready).

The next level is Tam meditation. The mind of the meditator is lost, there is the letting go, the silence.Wisdom begins to manifest.

The fourth level is the Fourth Meditation. The mind of the practitioner becomes immobile, is equal to the object, far from the distinction, the most consistent with the ripe object, the most meaningful being expressed (Discharge, one-pointedly).

From Sr. meditation, to the Fourth Meditation, the practitioner has meditated, beyond the realms of realms. In the present, practitioners have been highly promoted by spirituality. Once the mind is familiar again and again in the context of the Precepts, when you die, if you want, you will fall into the Realms of realms as the realm of sex.

The path of practicing meditation is the path of balance between Only and Quan. From here, the practitioner continues to practice by starting the killing of the Ten Ketas, in turn reaching the Four Saints and reaching the ultimate Nirvana. Or in another way, the practitioner continues to go deep into samadhi, transcending the Realms, entering the formless realms. This second way, that is, after reaching the Fourth Meditation, enter the Four Noble Formations that the Buddha went through to realize Nibbana. The Buddha noted his disciples that this second way is relatively unsuitable for the basic cause of many people, because in the invisible realm (especially in the non-idealistic realm) practitioners are hard to give up. overcome; on the contrary, constantly in this near Nirvana silence, which is still in samsara, samsara. Here life is too long, more than ten thousand times longer than sex.Practitioners need to export Africa's idea of ​​non-thought to enter the final realm of the life expectancy before entering the ultimate Nirvana. The Sun often reminded his disciples to stop at the Land of Non-idealism (not into Non-idealistic non-idealism), and from that the Four Immeasurable Monasteries (From, Bi, Hy, Discharge) to come to Killing the idea determined before the ultimate Nirvana.

The process of practicing and attaining the above is indirectly summarized through the explanation of the practical result of the Sa-keeper in the time the Buddha preached to King Ajàtasattu (A-sarah). The Sutra Sutra (School of the First I) and the A-jaws School, 26, are all written quite similarly, leaving the following:

1. The monk, regardless of level, is respected and offered by everyone, including the king himself.

2. Do not fluctuate, not fear, due to living fully, giving up anger, craving, should be at peace in the present.

3. Due to the passage of the five hindrances, the mind is happy.

4. Due to the practice of meditation, gradually renouncing Tam, Tu, Hy and Lac to attain the four meditations, should be happy in the present.

5. Due to renouncing Sacaka, attaining the Great Meditation, should be happy and peaceful.

6. Due to renunciation of the invisible world to enter into the realization of life, the mind arises.

7. From the life of death, the contraband or the exclusion, liberation and liberation of knowledge arise. This is the most practical result of all the practicalities of Sa-mon.

The Great Sutra Master (Central I) and the Sutra Sutra (Central A-jaw, 24) summarize the practice of the monks and nuns as follows: Due to the attentions of the five hindrances, the practitioner attains Siddhartha . From Sister meditation, practitioners practice to witness the Second Meditation, the Three Meditation and the Fourth Meditation. From the Fourth Meditation, the intensive practitioner practices the Selflessness, Impermanence, eliminating the ten fetters, and depending on the number of fetters, the paragraph is subtracted, the practitioner in turn attains the Four Noble Truths:

a) Profile results (Sotapatti): Testify  this result is called Tu-da-complete (sotàpanna), the paragraph has subtracted three lower parts of the history (the first three fetters). The first three fetters:

- The body (see the self, the person knows himself and the person).

- Nghi (suspected Dharma).

- The prohibition (keeping the world of paganism, indulgence and sacrifice).

The Tu-da-fruit is also known as the Fruit of the Entry (into the Holy line) or the Seven-year-old (reincarnated at most seven times).

b) Second fruit (Sakadagami):

This fruit is Tu-da-jaw (Sakadagamin, Most hybrid), the paragraph has eliminated the first three fetters and made two successive fetters (Education and courtyard). will also be reborn one more time to practice to attain the ultimate result.

c) Three fruits (Anagami):

They result in this practitioner is called A-na-jaw (Anagamin), the position except for the first year of fetters (the lower part of fetters). Ananias is also known as the Realm (not returning to the human realm), only being reborn in the Realm or the Formless, from which he practices and attains the ultimate victory.

d) Four fruits (Arahat):

As a result of this practice, the practitioner is called Arahant (Arahat), who has completely eliminated the ten fetters that were the year of the lower part of the auspicious history and the year of the upper part of the fathers (friendship, love, and longevity, ignorance, ignorance), loving: like being, like realms; non-love: want to not exist, want to live in the invisible realm; starboard: arrogant heart, acceptable to see;election: agitation, confusion; ignorance: still confused due to the fact that there are five upper parts of the fetters.

A-la-Han is also known as Infertility (or Unborn: no longer reborn, the reincarnation) is the ultimate realization, Nirvana.

The realms and results of attained above are only briefly stated in the Buddha's period. Later, levels of advancement, purity, and enlightenment of well-known professors are much more thoroughly analyzed, even causing many controversial issues to date. Buddaghosa (Buddha Yin) in the famous work Visudhimagga (Pure Land) has stated the five levels of Wisdom that lead to Dark Wisdom;Vasubhandu (The Body) in the essay Adhidhamma-Kosa (A-Bhikkhu-attained-ma-am) also divided into five levels of witnessing in a slightly different way. Mahayana also stated the level of attainment by dividing the Dynasties, and depending on the sectarianism, people also distinguished Tam yanas from the tenth place, the Mahayana Bodhisattva of the tenths, the Four Sources of the Twelve, and so on. dozens of different tastes. Recently Mahasi Sayadaw, the famous Burmese monk distinguished seven levels of purity leading to Victory, with practicality and consistent with the content of the table in Visuddhimagga. But, as mentioned, every division has a relative character, because the lines of delimitation of results are only the assumptions of the words, but the content of attainment is a continuous and vivid process. from the time of ignorance to the night of winning Tue.

In fact, realization is sometimes not expressed through the order of the Four Noble Truths or according to the levels divided, at least on the phenomena. For example, Venerable Sàriputta and Venerable Moggallàna, upon hearing the Buddha's sermon, attained Arahantship after a few weeks; Yasa was enlightened as soon as he heard the sermon; Venerable Bhranayù attained Arahantship after seven days; female Venerable Khema attained Arahantship before renunciation (immediately upon being taught); King Suddhodana (Sanskrit) attained Dual fruit (when listening to the dharma) ... Seeing that, it is enough to know the relative character of the division of fruition, not to mention it also needs to mention the profoundness of each fruit. taste. Depending on the basic, due to the cultivating practice before (or from previous lives), one can attain the corresponding results. Again, due to conditions, circumstances, the level of concentration of practice, practice time and attainment are also difficult to define clearly. It is impossible to base on the attainment of attainment, the time of practice to criticize the temporary supernormal power while the process of transformation of mind starts from countless lifetimes.

In the above results, A-la-Han is the ultimate, ultimate, ideal of a Buddhist monk. A-la-Han is an unremarkable level, the one who has solved the things that need to be studied in this world, has finally liberated, is called Nirvana. In that dark sense of victory, the Buddha is the absolute, the dark, the best has entered Nirvana. Here, there are some points to discuss that is the meaning of A-la-Han, Buddha, Nirvana are controversial points, difficult to present, and indeed, since the problem was raised, No one has the ability or authority to resolve it explicitly. This is because the issue of discussion is an absolute matter. Absolute failure is not enough to discuss absolute. Such judgment, but each of us, in fact, faces thinking, so we still can't help but have a view, though narrow, on this issue. In that spirit,

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Nirvana (Nibbana)

Nirvana is the ultimate end of the realm of the person who has attained the truth, that is, he is enlightened. The overarching meaning of Nirvana is peace, separation from suffering, the cessation of samsara, immortality, absolute ... Nirvana is described in many ways, usually by negation, Negative is precisely because human language and wisdom are not enough to understand what Nirvana is. People are in the disease, suffering, samsara, the path outlined to reach Nirvana is the path of No-self, the path of renunciation and escape of pathogens, so Buddha often says to Nirvana indirectly, by way of example, negation etc. seems to be negative. But that is the most practical, most effective way to avoid disastrous misunderstandings.

Nirvana (Nibbana) is often known with the Sanskrit word Nirvana, perhaps because the Sanskrit Sutra of the Mahayana later developed the meaning of Nirvana quite a lot. The word Nir indicates the negation, Vana is extinguished, blow off; Vana also means forest, only the afflicting forest. Nirvana means to stop, get out of the forest of afflictions. Nirvana also means extinguishing, stopping, passing away. Mr. Nyanatiloka explained the word extinguished in two senses: 1) Extinguish contraband or (Kilesa-parinibbana), that is, Nirvana in the present with the body of the body remaining; This Nirvana Sutra is the Nibbāna (Sa-upàdidesa-nibbàna); 2) Extinguish the process of five aggregates (Khandha-paranibbàna) ie Nirvana after death, body no longer exists, the so-called Unmatched y Nirvana (An-upàdisesa-nibbàna). ( Nyanatiloka, "The Words of the Buddha", 1968 )

Surplus y Nirvana and Parinirvana y Nirvana all have the same attributes, only different in that the yang Nirvana is Nirvana is achieved when the practitioner still exists with his body, and the unmatched balance of Nirvana is Nirvana after the body no longer exists. The original Sutra also distinguishes only two forms of Nirvana.

During the first sermon at Migavana (Deer Park, Deer Park) in Baranasì for the five monks and nuns of Kodanna, the Buddha used the word Kill, the extinguishment (Nirodha) to refer to Nirvana. The way of describing Nirvana is often repeated many times, for example, Nirvana is "The craving for cessation, attachment, anger, ignorance, ignorance, cessation, and destruction" ... or:

"It is the silence of what is compounded, to give up all contraband or, is the quenching of thirst, separation (greed), cessation, Nirvana". (Samyutta I)

"This Ràdha, thirst for love is extinguished as Nirvana". (Samyutta IV)

"There is nothing there, there is no attachment, is an island, is unique: it is called Nirvana, the old and dead end". (Scriptures)

The meaning of separating the glass, extinguishing, stopping it is also found in many other places in the Kinh:

"The Bhikkhu-stilts, whether the dharma is compounded or infinite, in it, the first is the highest, meaning the freedom with lust, eradicating craving, destroying the binding, cutting off every continuum, quenching thirst, the first invasion, the cessation, Nirvana. " (Tang Chi II)

Venerable Sariputta, when asked what Nirvana is, answered that:

"It is the eradication of greed, hatred and ignorance" and the Venerable Master explained more clearly: "The renunciation, the eradication of sex and the attachment to the five aggregates are the end of suffering". (Samyutta V)

W. Rahula in "What the Buddha Taught" calculated that only in the Asamkhata Samyutta Sutta of Sutra Sutra, there were thirty-two synonyms for Nirvana. E. Conze in "Buddhist Thought in India" lists the meaning of Nirvana through nearly eighty words (including the words that appear after Buddha's time), divided into three categories:

1. Nirvana means immortality (Amata). 
2. Nirvana means the Pure (Upasana). 
3. Nirvana means peace (Khema).

As mentioned, the meaning of Nirvana is mainly expressed in a positive way, but the negative and positive meanings are also relatively relative. For example, the Buddha taught Nirvana is happiness, peace (Sukha), but when preaching about Suffering, he ranked happiness and peace (Sukha) also belongs to Suffering (Dukkha). Again, some words for Nibbāna seem to be positive, like Calm (Khema), Purity (Sudhi), Shelter (Sarana), On the other side (Pāra), Pure Land (Santi), and Qing salary (Sitibhava) ... are just suggestions. However, in that negative sense, there is a positive characteristic of the return to an absolute happiness, an eternal safety, although these are only attributes of Nirvana and not Nirvana. .

Kinh, Luan still refers to Tam liberated subjects, three disciplines brought to Liberation, Nirvana is No, Infinite, Voluntary, this is also the three words of Nirvana. Because all the Dharma are non-self, Nirvana is anatta, only the way of doing Anatta can reach Nirvana, and in that spirit, only the attainment of Nirvana, not people (Falls) reach Nirvana. Due to the analysis of the meaning of No-self, many scholars argue that Nirvana is nothingness, emptiness, absolute annihilation. But the true meaning of Nirvana is not empty and empty. Negligence, emptiness is the view of the annihilation, in opposition to the constant view of the Eternal. The Buddha often critically criticized these two views and proclaimed him the policy of the Middle Way. Nirvana is described by negation, by indirect, example and metaphor ...

Samyung III and Tang Chi, 34 tell the story of a disciple of Buddha, Yamaka (Diem-ma-la), that the ultimate liberation is blasphemous, rebuked by other monks, and then Ton Fake Sariputta preached about the relationship between the five aggregates and non-self, eventually causing Yamaka to abandon his wrong view. The content of the sermon of Sariputta (Xa-Loi-phat) is not fully recorded, but the system has proved that Buddhism never admires Nirvana is nothing.

Let us look at a passage of the Sutta recorded the Buddha's teaching on Nirvana (Udàna VIII, Pataligam Sutta):

"I heard this: Then the Buddha resided in Sāvathi (Xa-ki), in the garden of athnathapindika (Her Majesty) and He gave teachings to disciples, educated them, encouraged them with teachings on Nirvana - Practitioners listen and meditate on His teaching, Then the Buddha taught:

"The monks, there is a place where there is no land, no water, no fire, no wind, no infiniteness of space (not without infiniteness), there is no endlessness of mind. awakening (not the boundless consciousness) It is not nothingness, not consciousness, not unconscious, it does not belong to this world, does not belong to this world and another world, not to the sun, does not under the moon, the Bhikkhu-stilts, that realm we call no coming, no going, no birth, no death, no origin, no birth, no end;

"It is very difficult to see the infinite, very difficult to see the truth. The binding is severed by anyone who knows, nothing exists for anyone who has seen it.

"The Bhikkhu-stilts, there is an unborn, unsuccessful, no action. The Bhikkhu-stilts, if there is not an unborn, unsuccessful, ineffective, then there is no liberation. the birth, the city, the artifact, the vi. But, the monks, because there is an unborn, unsuccessful, ineffective, so the birth, the city, the apple, the new vi can be freed.

"The oscillation exists (is present) for someone who defeats. The oscillation stops for those who are in themselves. The vibration stops, the tranquility forms. The formation is no longer thirsty. Thirst Love is excluded, there is no birth, no death, thus there is no life and death, reincarnation In this way, there is no place, no place there, nothing between here and there.

"That is really an end to suffering."

The above sutra is an attempt to describe the commentary on Nirvana. First of all, the sutra confirms that Nirvana is the cessation of suffering, samsara, reincarnation; Secondly, Nirvana is not nothingness, emptiness, is the basis for the liberation of suffering. The effort to describe Nirvana in the above sutra can be said to be maximized, because as mentioned, Nirvana is inconceivable so the Buddha often avoids pushing questions that lead to extremes, to be biased, to cause bewildered, unnecessary, not related to liberation. With world language, questions like Nirvana are nothingness, annihilation or permanent, eternal; Nirvana "theme" exists or does not exist after entering Nirvana; What is the ultimate Selflessness? ... are actually fake problems and when they have reached absolute, these problems dissolve themselves, even Selflessness has no meaning at all. Response,

- "Ladies and gentlemen, does Tathagata exist after death?"

- "My Lord, United Kingdom, World Religion does not teach that the Tathagata exists after death."

- "Ladies and gentlemen, then Tathagata does not exist after death?"

- "My Lord, United Kingdom, The Sun also does not teach that the Tathagata does not exist after death.

- "Ladies and gentlemen, then Tathagata exists, and does not exist after death?"

- "My Lord, United Kingdom, The Sun also does not teach like that.

- "Ladies and gentlemen, why is Sun-ton not teaching like that?

- "Ask my Lord, please allow me to ask you a question and ask him to tell me what you think: My Lord, you have an accountant, or a lawyer or a treasurer. Can count Gange sand (Ganges) and can tell how many grains of sand, how many hundred, how many or how many hundred thousand grains of sand?

- "Dear Miss Ton, I do not have such a person.

- "Or He has an accountant, an engineer or a treasurer who can measure water in the ocean and can tell you how many barrels of water, how many hundred, how many thousands or how many hundred thousand barrels water

- "Dear Mrs. Tong, I don't have such a person.

- "Why is it? The ocean is deep, not steady, it can't be detected. If people want to know the nature of the Tathagata because of the attributes of the materiality, it is the same. In Germany As Tathagata, the attributes this of the nama has been removed, the power of them has been subtracted, like a palm tree uprooted and placed there so that it can no longer be developed afterwards. beyond the measurements by the measurements of the enlightened world: His being as well as the ocean and the depths cannot be measured, discovered, and said that Tathagata exists after death is not true. It is not right to say that Tathagata does not exist after death, saying that Tathagata has just existed, and does not exist after death. It is not right to say that Venerable Tathagata does not exist, he does not exist after death, it is not true.

The above Sutra once again determines that Nirvana, the master of Nirvana, is absolute, inconceivable.Efforts to speak about Nirvana, about the Buddha are all based on identity, concepts of words, and materials for suggestions.

* * *

Buddha

The Buddha is the supreme being of all aspects that one can imagine. His power of Wisdom, Compassion and Bravery is supreme, inconceivable. All in Him is absolute. The realization of Taoism, his life and the way of his historical person has proved it. Referring to the Buddha, people often confess that He is the One of the Ten, the Four Fearless and the Cross. Although it is also His attributes, we also list those names to have a concept of His great nature:

Ten Power or Ten As Lai Luc (ten intellectual powers)

1. Tri market origin of non-locality:  the wisdom knows the right, wrong, good and bad of all things.

2. Tri tam world of intellectual power: The  intelligence knows the karma and cause and effect of the past, present and future.

3. Tri Chu Zen freed the three-minded mind : Wisdom (or mind) knows the level of practice, meditation of all beings.

4. Tri especially beings are  mentally mindful: Wisdom (mind) knows the xinxing of all sentient beings.

5. Tri strains of intellectual power:  Wisdom (mind) knows all every scene, all intellectual capacity.

6. Tri race of intellectuals:  Wisdom knows all beings.

7. Tri necessarily possesses the power of  intellect : Wisdom knows all the paths that lead to liberation.

8. Tri Thien label mindless mindfulness (equivalent to Thien Nhan Minh):  Wisdom knows to be clear, see all places, know all beings with karmic causes and karma, and the world of birth.

9. Tri Túc network unmanageable position (equivalent: Tuc par minh):  Wisdom knows every life of reincarnation itself.

10. Tri eternal episode of intellectual property (equivalent: pirated take advantage): Wisdom knows the permanent exclusion of all the afflictions.

Four Fearlessness (four mighty, fearless)

1. Necessarily mindless of the lieutenant:  Because of the wisdom of knowing all things, do not fear anyone.

2. Pirated take up the lieutenant:  Due to the cleanness of the contraband or, should not fear anything.

3. The doctrine of unconcerned directorlessness:  Due to the ability of the sermon to disclose the places that prevent the liberation, there is no fear.

4. Theory of suffering and misery in the camp:  because of the ability to clearly teach the way to end suffering, there is no fear at all.

Cross of the Tathagata

1. Tathagata: The one  who is calm and free.

2. Responding:  A-la-Han dynasty deserves to be offered.

3. Righteousness Tri:  The Chief Justice knows all.

4. Minh Hanh Tuc : The full rank of Tri and Duc.

5. Thien Thi:  The skill of overcoming samsara.

6. The Interpretation:  The level explains everything in the world.

7. Supreme Master:  The highest rank.

8. Ngự Trượng Phu:  The level of things that can control us and sentient beings.

9. Heavenly Master:  Master of Heaven and Man.

10. Buddha, World Religion:  The enlightened being finally.

Buddha often called himself Tathagata. The meaning of the word Tathagata was later deployed a lot, bringing some attributes of the Buddha, for example: "Go and go like that", "self-righteous", "peacefully," Like ", "Most like", etc. .. Let's hear the Buddha preach the Tathagata:

"The Bhikkhu-stilts, the world is the Tathagata, the Tathagata is not implicated for this life. The Bhikkhu-stilts, the world started to be the Tathagata Chief Justice; This is the Bhikkhu-stilts, the world to kill the Tathagata enlightened. The Bhikkhu-stilts, the road leading to the cessation of the Tathagata Chief Justice; episodes

"What, bhikkhus, in the whole world with the heavens, the world, and the celestial world, along with the masses of Sa-mon, Brahmin, gods and human beings are seen, heard, To be enjoyed, to be awakened, to be attained, to be prayed for, to be suicidal, all are righteous Tathagata, so called the Tathagata. Upper Chief Justice Chief Justice until entering "Nirvana with no residual medicine", during that time, what the Tathagata said, declared, pointed out, all is like that, is no different. called Tathagata.

"The Bhikkhu-stilts, Tathagata said what to do, what to say, should be called Tathagata.

"The Bhikkhu-stilts, in the whole world, Heavenly World, Pham Thien Gioi, together with the masses of Sa-mon, Ba-la-Mon, Chu Thien and humans, Tathagata is the Victory level, no who is defeated, the omniscient, the full view, the great self, so called the Tathagata.

(Such theory of Buddhism - Itivuttaka; Minor of the Kinh)

The above sutra preached about the Buddha clearly, specifically and fully, in accordance with the receiving of the human mind. The Buddha, The Sun, the Tathagata, through the effort to describe with the Ten forces, the Four Noble Lords, the Cross and the above passage gave us an idea of ​​the Almighty, Almighty without the abstract language.

That description is not entirely accurate about the Absolute One (how can it be absolutely accurate!), But enough to show that Buddha is the ultimate, ultimate fruit, which when studied About A-la-Han, we can hardly imagine that, even though there are a large number of scholars, practitioners assume that A-la-Han as well as Buddha are ultimate, complete, absolute.

Later, the more the Buddha was proclaimed, the more his throne was deployed, the more the Buddha's being was analyzed by scholars and lawyers, so that people built into a Buddha-da branch The argument, which is an important part of Buddhist studies, is even where the Buddha is considered to be a fallen God, who has the right to reward, the creative master, whom man can communicate with a charm uncle, island, etc. It seems very contrary to the policy of the Selflessness of the Buddha's teaching.

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Arah (Arahant)

A-la-Han (Arahant) is the highest fruit that a disciple of the Buddha attained, the so-called ultimate liberation, ending the cycle of birth and death, realizing Nirvana.

Actually, the word Arahant in the original texts was not used explicitly. About the original meaning of A-la-Han (Arahant) is: worthy, worthy of being offered; Fluid is Responding. Again Arahant is understood as the killer (han) of the enemy (ari); Han translation: Assassin, that is, who killed the enemy.

The A-la-Han in Jainism, a very close and influential religion with the Buddhist teachings, is understood to be "the emperor has dried up", ie the one End all troubles and bad karma.

A-la-Han in Buddhism is understood to have eliminated the three poisons (greed, hatred, and ignorance), being self-conscious with all things in the world, he has nothing to learn more (that is, the uneducated), The distinction is made with the lower-level Saints rather than the ones that have to study and practice more (ie Huu learns).

A-la-Han is the one who has achieved, has achieved the goal, "what needs to be done done":

"And for such a liberated disciple, the mind is calm, there is no need to add what has been done, he no longer has to do anything. Like a rock of a whole mass of jelly , not shaken by the wind, no sharpness, no sound, no flavor, no taste, no contact, no sensuality, no non-sensuality can make him flutter. has been reached. " (Tang Chi VI, 56)

Buddha always upheld the ideal of Arhat. He himself has repeatedly stated that the Arhat is the ultimate, ultimate, liberated, peaceful mind, and enters Nirvana. He also declared that his disciples could have great powers such as the Luc thong, Tam minh ... the divine powers and wisdom that He had attained under the Bodhi root.

Six pine , is a six-piece divine food, including:

1. Celestial information (hearing sounds everywhere, understanding the voices of sentient beings).

2. forgiving the mind (knowing the mind of others, of sentient beings).

3. The gods are free (there is a spirit that can manifest as they want, can pass everywhere in a moment).

(These three divine powers belong to the function of meditation, of the mind of liberation).

4. Heavenly eye (clearly see everything, all beings with karma and cause).

5. Suffering the destiny (knowing countless past lives of self-sufficiency).

6. Take advantage of information (end all negativity, all human beings).

Heavenly eyes, Tuc su Thong and Luu take pine are also known as Tam minh. This is the result of liberating wisdom (of liberation).

The idea of ​​divine powers is a fairly common concept that existed before Buddha's time. The Buddha himself also acknowledged that paganism can also witness the divine powers (belonging to the group of Liberation) by Bat Dinh, or Bat Thien to be born. Particularly the following three divine powers (belonging to the group of Wisdom liberation), then according to the Sutra Sutra and the Sutra teaches about the four divine fruits, only in the disciples of the Buddha, but cannot be found in the pagan goods. But, Luc Thong, Tam Minh here, in addition to manifesting the supernatural abilities of A-la-Han as transformations, clones ... are mentioned in the Sutta-Sutra (School of I). The meaning of revenge wins in the ability of mind, mentality and more symbolic meaning.

The Buddha himself also recognized him as Arahant. Among the ten titles of Tathagata, there is the title of A-la-Han (Responding). But we also need to remember that the word A-la-Han can have many places with only relative meaning, as if the Buddha used the words Dai Sa-Mon, Ba-la-Mon ... to refer to those true practice. From the relative spirit of words, from the meaning of the Buddha's leading method, from the behavioral way of some of the great disciples of Arhat, of Buddha, the issue of enlightenment eventually came to pass, Ultimate liberation, Nirvana is gradually reset. And when Buddhism was divided into the Theravada (Theravada) and the Great Mass (Mahasanghika), the prominent point of disagreement was the spirit of precepts and the view of Arhat. According to them, A-la-Han is not the most noble fruit, A-la-Han can be rot. That view can be summed up that an Arahant still has a phenomenon of ejaculation in his sleep, there is much unknown, not yet fully understood the doctrine of the Buddha, and sometimes he must only know that I have obtained Arahantship. Later, the sutras see it as a small fruit. The Sutra-Sutra has told the great disciples that he did not dare to meet the layman Duy-ma-ma; and there are many other Sutras describing the great disciples of Arahant just like a novice ...

The Mahayana sutra sometimes because of wanting to express a certain meaning, but overlook the specific meaning should partly affect the value of Arhat. We acknowledge the great result of the Arahantship, but it must be acknowledged that the above concept of the Congregation is not completely unfounded.

First of all, the realization, the way of the A-la-Han is indeed impossible compared to the Buddha.They deserve to be the "Crime of Uneducated Saints", freeing troubles, suffering, "what has to be done has been done". But their liberation can only be on par with the Buddha in a negative way (often understood as equal to "Good to escape" - Vimuktikàya). For example, if a person has just paid the debt: in terms of debt (equivalent to the positive aspect), it will take a long time for the person to be equal to the rich. The Arahant's expression "what has to be done" is probably only true, but its ultimate meaning needs to be considered more carefully. Practitioners of the Buddha, when they attained Arahantship, were able to enter the deep forest, and even followed the Buddha to continue practicing.There are attained A-la-Han finished new renunciation. The continuation of such practice, in addition to the compassionate meaning, wants to expand the righteousness for beings with the means of the Bhikkhu-stilts congregation (expressing this meaning is not much in all the Arhats. disciples of the Buddha), it is clear that the incident has proved the attainment of the unfulfilled, incomplete (often understanding the attainment as complete as the attainment of Dharmakaya). If only, the attainment of the same person has different shallow and deep places, the enlightenment bursts in different aspects.Because of that, Buddha disciples have their own victories. For example, the case of false Religion Sariputta, the Buddha declared the First Wisdom in the ranks of the Buddha (and in this respect false Religion equal to The Religion); Venerable Moggallàna (Item-contemplation) is the First Spirit (and in this respect equal to The Religion);

Having a hatred on each side means not being full. Therefore, Kinh still recounts many cases of Buddha's disciples often discussing and answering Buddha Dharma together.

Venerable Sariputta, the great disciple of Buddha, is called the "General of the Dharma", the Head of the Buddha, the first Wisdom of the Buddha.

"The White World, I have no wisdom to know the mind of the Buddhas, the Arahantship, the Chief Justice in the past, the present and the future. Bach The Ton, but I know the tradition about the Chief Justice. France "(Ministry of Economics and Business IV, 28, Self-Apostolic Experience).

The wisdom of Sariputta is here to know about the tradition of Dharma, that is (as the next paragraph cited in the Sutta) how liberation and attainment liberate. The false religion has likened himself to a person who holds the gate of the city, recognizing those who enter the city only through the gate of the city.

This is not to mention the residuals of karma during the time of the A-la-drought in the world, although it has become a self-contained in all forms, but the ones in the body of the five aggregates are still sick, still sick ( including the ejaculation when sleeping as mentioned), sometimes still sad for a moment before death (as in the case of Venerable Sàriputta touched by death, enter Nirvana of Moggallàna), sometimes mistaken small was rebuked by the Buddha (as in the case of Sariputta false religion so that the young monks would make a commotion before the great monastery) ...

In our opinion, the great way of the Arahantas is undeniable, the Arahantship is the end of a long-term elaborately nurturing life and effort. practice to achieve an internal self-destruction. This attainment is so profound that it promotes Arahantship forward. Since then, the meaning of study is no longer there but only the self-transformation, sublimation, far away from all compounded causality to reach the ultimate Nirvana: the meaning of liberation from samsara is so . One last question, perhaps redundant, is: how long will it take for an Arahant to attain the absolute fruit? As said, realization can be shallow, deep, so it is difficult to determine that time, and in fact, the time for them has no meaning, and this time for us. It is also inconceivable, because it is not the time of human realm!

The Sangha of the Dharma, the Seven Dharmas have distinguished many different types of Nirvana of the Holy Arhat after renouncing the body of the five aggregates, such as the Nirvana Meditation, Nirvana Damage, Nirvana - table, Nirvana practice, Upper Nirvana ... from high to low, accordingly, depending on the level of attainment, the Saints Anything will fall into the Pure Land for a long time or quickly (slow especially at the end of life, destiny at Pure Land, before entering Nirvana. The Sutra may have used symbolic language (symbolism), but through it, it is confirmed that the result of the Abhidharma (Saints learned) after renouncing the body of the five aggregates has the above types of Nirvana. , and that kind of Nirvana is somewhat different and not yet the ultimate Nirvana (not yet the supremacy of Nirvana or the ultimate Nirvana). Kinh Kinh also distinguishes clearly (many other business of Nikàya as well) Nirvana of A-la-Han is called before the Nirvana. That said, Nirvana has many different levels of liberation, and Nirvana before the Nirvana of A-la-Han is not yet the ultimate Nirvana as the Parinirvana yana of the Unnamed. Upper Chief Justice.

Not yet an Enlightenment Buddha, the A-la-Han also experienced the Great Nirvana, though not complete, because he was out of samsara. This is the highest fruit that in the history of humanity, not Prince Sidhattha of Kapilavatthu, has been achieved. END=NAM MO SAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=THICH CHAN TANH.GOLDEN AMITABHA MONASTERY=AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.14/5/2019.