I The life of the monks |
| The Sanskrit word for Sangha (Pali, Sanskrit) means a group of people, one living in the same purpose, a common law. Later, when the disciple of the Buddha was born, the name Sangha often refers to the congregation of the Buddha, including monks, bhikkhuni, consciousness, Sam-di, and samadhi - sometimes only call the four monks: monks, bhikkhuni, samadhi and samyani. Therefore, the Sangha or Sangha is also known as the Sangha, the third throne in the three treasures of the Buddha, Dharma, Sangha.Only monks and bhikkhuni are fully ordained, full of gender of the monk, the name is called Sangha, the other three monks are left at the preparation, practice The basic parts to really become members of the Sangha. It is called Sangha whenever a Buddhist monastic community has at least four members. Under four, it does not mean Sang. According to the form of meetings, activities of monks, groups of monks have different numbers and names. For example, the monks hold the two hundred and fifty precepts, congregational bhikkhuni holds three hundred years of predomination. The group travels in the distance called "Chiêu đề Tăng", the group stayed in one place (monastery, pagoda) to learn the practice called "permanent increase". Activities involving only four or five monks, limited activities in the presence of ten monks, are also limited in the presence of twenty or more monks. We will go into the specific activities of these Sangha groups in the next presentation. The Creation of the Sangha under the leadership of the Blessed One Immediately following the day of the Uruvelà, the Blessed One went to the Garden of Migades, the place where the "Isipatana" was located, at Baalāla, Method of the same legal practice, the group of Sun-Kondoda Kondoda. After the first method of teaching the Four Noble Truths, the Buddha accepted the Year of the Buddha who was ordained. Then only the Sun-ceiling-as-result-Complete Tu-momentum, the remaining four feel joy in the French but not noble lauded pure net separation. In Deer Park, right after the Dhammapada, the first Sangha was born of the Buddha and five disciples. The Three Jewels are also formed here: the Sun and the Buddha; The Four Noble Truths and the Dharma Precepts and the first five disciples are the Sangha. The monks continue to preach no-self through the analysis of the Five Aggregates, the next four days of the first cycle of Falun Dafa, the same brotherhood of Sun-like as the monks are attained Arahants. Thus, the first Sangha consists of the first six arhats, of which the Buddha is the leader. In Bala-clan, the Blessed One continues to lecture the religion of Yasa and the four of them are Vimala, Subala (Tu-ma-duoc) Punnaji and Gavampati; All are A-la-Han fruit. At this point, in Bala-clan, the Sangha group consists of all eleven Arahants (including the Blessed One). Before continuing to go back to Uu-long-frequency-speakers to King Bimbissàra, as promised to the king at the time of the Buddha, the Buddha taught ten A -the other Han went in ten different directions, not two people go in the same direction, to propagate. Here, the meaning of the group "Tramp Boost" appears first. At the Uravela, the Blessed One Kassapa and the one thousand disciples of the Venerable; All are A-la-Han fruit. Also here, King Bimbissàra heard the Dharma and took refuge with the Blessed One. The king dedicated to worship the Blessed Truc Lam (Veluvana) to the Sun and a thousand monks in the rainy season. The king held four offerings (rice, water, dressmaking and medicine). This is the first monastery of the Sangha Church established, and the congregation of permanent monks appear. It is the month of Vesakhà of India (in the middle of April and May of the solar calendar), beginning the rainy season, the Blessed One decided to settle the first rainy season at Truc Lam Vihara, the beginning of the traditional retreat. (we call it retreat). Two months after the first settlement, the Blessed One went to Sàriputta, Moggallàna, and the two hundred and fifty disciples of the exiled Sanjaya. The All are A-la-Han fruit. In this city, ever since, there are always a thousand two hundred and fifty Arahants following the Blessed One. Venerable Sà-lupit-da-Tu-momentum-complete when listening to Tin Thi Thuy Thi (where translated as Ma-Assaji) summarize the Dependent Origination, before coming to the Exalted. Venerable monks at the side of the Buddha listening to the Dharma and practice for four weeks after attaining Arahantship, mastered the wisdom, can enter the world of wisdom. On the liberation of this, Sun worshipers are blessed and confirmed equal to the Sun; The author may answer, clearly analyze all questions about the law. The Blessed One proclaimed in front of the Saints about this attainment and proclaimed the name of Sāriputra as the Head of the Order of the Dhamma. Venerable Monk-link-momentum-complete when listening to Sutra Xa-benefit-phat introduces the abstract of the Dependent Origination before the Buddha. After being blessed, Sun came to sit in the village of Kallavala in Ma-momentum (Madam). The first sitting meditation, the author fell into a low tone; Venerable continued efforts to Meditate, eight days later to achieve great A-la-drought, smooth green continental, with the god of pine is the ultimate victory. So only fifteen days of practice, Sun has attained the ultimate results. Day of Satori Xa-benefit-phat is the ultimate result of the Sun Seek-inter-return to present the Sun in front of the monks and Bhikkhu praised the witness of the Buddha with the horizontal god by the Buddha. The Blessed One has declared the Prophet Muhammad-the second disciple of the Blessed One before the Blessed One. Later, some of the Sangha discussed the decision of the Blessed One and Venerable Sage-phat and Parisha, wondering: Why is the Prince not one of the five Qin Qin the-like? Why not Yasa? Or are the four friends of Latter-day Saint? Is not Ca-lethal? Why is the Sun-domain-linked A-la-Han before Sora Sà-profit-phat as a second disciple? The Sangha gathered and explained the reason. The Sun teaches that the two Venerable Sá Xa-benefit-phat and Section-conjugate has the highest attainment and aspire to be the Chief of the Blessed One from many previous generations. The Buddha has chosen according to the attainment and aspirations of the two gods. And Sun-Kieu-ceiling as before only wish to become the first disciples of the Buddha and attained the first Arahanta; In the case between the two Venerable Xa-benefit-phat and Section-conjunctive, although we do not clearly see the direct explanation in the sutras, but we can also understand this is the predestined - According to the Sutra, the School of the Sutra III, and in particular the result of the proof of the liberation of Venerable Sariputra-phat is the most smooth in the Church of the Unbearable School of the Buddha without background depending on age, age or the result before, after (as mentioned in Buddha Bao). As we have seen in the definitions of the Elder, Sa-ad, and Brahman in the sutras and in the Dhammapada, the so-called Elders, Sa-ard and Brahman are attained. , liberation, not in age. It is on this basis that the Buddha selected two great disciples. By next winter, the Exalted One thousand and two Python fifty Arahants come to Ma-momentum. King Sri Soudhothana had invited the Blessed One three times to visit the Royal Family (two times, each with a delegation of one thousand people, the second time by Tsarama Ka-save-di arrives). All are ordained and attained Arahants afterwards. Then Venerable Kadaji-di (Kahalikii) to submit to the Lord Buddha invited King Sri Soudhothana. The Buddha accepted. During this visit, the Blessed One (as described in chapter 1). Venerable Upalu, the hairdresser of the High Priest, was on this occasion and was blessed by the Blessed One. The Buddha taught the Vinaya for the Buddha. Five years after the enlightenment, the Blessed One allowed the establishment of the nuns according to the request of the Samma Mahabodahapa, at the same time the Reign of the eight virtues reverent message The increase that nuns must keep. From here, they were founded. Due to the rapid and strong development of the Sangha Church, the Blessed One began to establish some rules since the sixth year. Until the thirteenth year, the Vinaya began to form, given by the Prophet Samuel. The new bhikkhu or pretending to be blessed or been blessed by the Buddha's arahants. All activities are grouped into many different viharas and villages, but they all share the same precept. The bhikkhuni or the Blessed One, or the elders of the Sangha, or the elders of the nuns, are subject to the guidance of the leaders of other elders. All nuns practice the same precepts for nuns and stay in their own residences. Bola (Praktimoksa, Pali: Patimokkha). In terms of the meaning, the reason for the establishment of the Precepts, the general content of the Precepts, and the nature of the foundation of the Precepts are discussed in lesson VIII (Gender). There is no detailed description of each article, but only a few highlights. Bhikkhu's precepts, to this day, consist of two hundred and fifty gender and divided into seven: Bala-di, Indeterminate; Natto-period-three-time-subject; Balaclava-sa-ni-ni; They learn and evade. There are four dhammas; pornography, theft, killing and lying. In one of the four worlds, the bhikkhu loses the essence of the bhikkhu, no longer accepted in the ranks of bhikkhus. There are thirteen dharmas (not listed here). In one of the thirteen precepts, bhikkhus can do repentance, but have to stay away for a while, not to be with them. until the big time). After the residence time, they will be living with them for six days and nights, showing their regret that they have committed so that they can increase their happiness. After that, we must pay homage to the number of twenty monks (net) to make repentance ceremony. There are two uncertainties . In committing these two uncertainties, they have to wait for them to judge exactly what the bastard actually committed, with the confirmation of the sin of a faithful female layman. If the sins-grandma-she-sa-as the treatment of the above, if the three-subject will be handled as follows. About Ni-slay-three-time-subject , there are thirty. This is also called dissipation, which means that if you do not discharge the bowls, the extra stuff for them to rise up. After the offense, to complete the new penitent. If you do not practice like that, you can go to hell. About Ba-dotted-threads , there are ninety. If they do, just repent before them. About them learn , there are a hundred. These are the heavy things about the way, the posture of bhikkhus. Just the law. For the avoidance , there are seven legal. Here are seven methods to quell the disputes in the Sangha. About the Bhikkhunī ordinances, there is a difference from the Bhikkhus precepts. For example, bhikkhus of bhikkhus there are only four, but bhikkhuni more, there are eight precepts; Monk-grandmother-she-sa-as seventeen sex; Of the two kinds of Ba-content of bhikkhu there are only one hundred and twenty gender, of bhikkhuni there are two hundred and eight gender; On bhikkhus there are only four precepts, of bhikkhuni there are eight precepts; In particular, there are one hundred and eight precepts in the Bhikkhunī-bhikkhus. There are only one hundred and seven bhikkhunīs. Thus, the Precepts of Bhikkhunī up to three hundred and fifty. About the precepts-monks, monks and nuns, p. The 267 (translation by Master Chau Ming Chau, 1980) clearly states that the monastic texts read once every half-month consist of only one hundred and fifty world precepts without listing the sects. Probably not a hundred of them learn that the law is added later. For example, the typical way they learn from sixty to eighty five is to refer to the Buddha. At the time of the Buddha there is no tower, so we know that the world is set up later. About the Bikini Precepts, the case of the study they are similar. According to the sutras, it can be determined that at the time of World Exalted Order, two different sets of monks and nuns were established. In the section on Suicide (III, A, pp. 252-253, translated by the Most Venerable Thich Minh Chau, 1981), it is stated: "... For the lay person, the two precepts of Pātimokkha are clever. handed over widely ... ". Beside this, Bhikkhuni also received the " bowl of merit ", the whole reverence, respect, not pass. The content of the eight things to revere it is: 1. Although the monastic life is a hundred years, a bhikkhuni for the monk ordained one day, must also pay homage, get up, clasp hands, behave correctly.2. Bi-rate can not settle in place without rate.The Reverend explained why he issued the "Dharma Tip": ""Hey Ananda, for such a person, thinking about the future, building embankments for a large lake for water can not flow through; so this Ananda, thinking about the future, I recently issued " " For the bhikkhunis until the end of life, not to be overcome" (Chapter III-A, page 252). The Sun also told A-nan Sun that if the Sangha does not have the face of Ni, then the Brahmins will last long, the magic will last for a thousand years. But, if there are Ni they will not survive long life, now magic will exist five hundred years (According to III-A, page 251). Explaining the reason for the shortened life, the Buddha compared a family with more women and less men are vulnerable to thieves stealing.In the case of the Sangha, they appear as they are. For these reasons that the Buddha issued the "Bat legal", not for reasons of discrimination male, female, gender discrimination. But in terms of wisdom and liberation, the Blessed One confirmed in the Dharma taught by the Blessed One, the ordained women still attained the four samadhi (from Tathagata to Arahantship). fruits as monks (Tang Chi III-A, p. 249). Here, we understand the meaning of the Blessed One, not only for the reasons set forth in Chapter VIII. Basically, it is because of compassion to live life, want to be long-lived dhamma. The conditions of an ideal law chant and ideal chant. A bhikkhu or bhikkhuni is the ideal law abode if he meets the following conditions: - "Knowing the offense, knowing no offense, knowing the light, heavy, rules, live over the control of the rules, full of dignity and virtue, fear in minor errors; and study in the study of France, there are easy to increase the current and legal status, because of the illegal deductions or, in the present with victory, " (Chapter III-A, p. 138). - "... (same as above ... in addition: both universes are widely taught ...)" (Sdd., p. 138). A true teacher is a bhikkhu who has the following conditions: "... The monk has a virtue, living with the domination of the Order, enough dignity in the right ... Listen more, understand more ..., meaning, logic .... , to be able to enter the right view, clear the two precepts, easy to hear, elegant words, explanations, meaning, verification, ability to preach ..., the majority of bhikkhuni ni ... are twenty years old or more than twenty years old settling. " (According to III-A, page 253). A Billion-Hung Thinh Thinh And One-Billion Thieves. A monks flourishing when they monks show seven things: 1. The bhikkhus often gather and gather in large numbers.2. Convene in solidarity, dissolve in the concept of solidarity and work Increase in concept of solidarity.There may be seven other things for a bhikkhu to flourish: 1. Do not like to do that, do not happy to do so.2. Not interested in glaucoma.There may be seven other things for a bhikkhu to flourish: 1. Have faith.2. Yes.There may be seven other things that make monks flourish: 1. Practice the idea of impermanence.2. Practice selflessness.A monk-training monks will also go to flourish prosperity (Sdd., P. 31).In contrast to the above, they bent to decay. There are many teachings of the Sun, if they practice, they will be prosperous. Most of the thirty-seven dharmas and precepts, if they are kept in practice, each monk will leave the akusala citta, complete the kusala and make them prosper. France is one of the only places where y is solid. The following are the basic refuge of the monks, bhikkhus, which the Buddha taught: "Sàriputta, Sàriputta, the revered bhikkhu, revered, relying on the Master, can renounce evil, practice good. , take refuge in France ... They increase ... study France ... Concentration ... Not liberal ... Sariputta, reverence, reverence, respect, live refuge, welcome friendly, yes Abandonment of good, good practice. (Sd., P. 120). Members of the Sangha and the Sangha. The Dharma of the Blessed One is for those who want to cultivate. This is repeated many times in the suttas and it is said that people of all classes, levels, and ages are able to practice the religion; There is no discrimination, discrimination in the Sangha under the leadership of the Blessed One. Princes and kings were accepted into the rank of monks, as was the case of Mahabharata, the king of Da-da-la-la, the princes of Ananda, A -nay-long-momentum, Totem-Post-grandmother-up ... the women, the mandarin ...; Like the case of Queen Khemà (wife of King Qin-sa-la). All are Arahants. There are many types of people, typical of Udom-ba-ly, who is the barber of the Prince, have attained Arahantship and presided over the Vinaya of the Church; Sunna Pātacarà, who was madly in pain, after arriving with the Blessed One and the Sangha, attained Arahantship, became a good sermon with great effect, which was more than five hundred Other Ni-duced monks. Vimalā and Ambapalì (see the Elder Deity) are all ordained by the Blessed One and attained the highest rank. The one who was robbed at the time of the robbery as Angulimala, or the wearer with his fingers, was blessed and became an Arahant soon after. Like Subbadha, a non-Buddhist monk, was also the last Blessed One before his death. Many other exiles have been accepted by the Buddha to be ordained immediately after his conversion. As for pagan traditions, the practice before formal ordination must go through a period of four months living them apart. However, the Blessed One can be resolved on a case-by-case basis. All of them have achieved smuggled fruit. Families are still accepted for ordination, as is the case with Visakha, Dhammadinna, and many others in the Elderly and the Elderly. That is all Arahant. The children are also included in the Sangha, as is the case of Phra Anurudha, the attendant of Satoru Sula-phat, etc. are usually younger, they are apprentices The It is not true that if the nåt-attained Arahantship, the Blessed One is exempted from the age-limit for full ordained nuns, as is the case of Venerable Sāriputra. The Sangha is an extended, established, and democratically independent, democratic and non-stigmatized, class-based, or sexist organization.This is the most radical and the earliest in human history. In the Sangha, all are treated equally in all aspects; precepts, study of dharma, liberation practice and material benefits (eating, wearing, living and medicine). On the distinction of order, which expresses understanding and reverence, there are two points: - The first point, based on the age of retreat, to distinguish the seat before, when listening to read the Constitution.- The second point, based on results attained. This new distinction is the decisive factor in the difference between them. Revered are those who have attained profound emancipation, even young.Only two names to distinguish between the monks and nuns, monks-in Sangha: the title " venerable " (Bhante) for Elders attained liberation;When a young bhikkhu told the story of a monks perennial (usually have attained) is always white "Venerable Master". On the other hand, the bhikkhu-monk called the young monk " sage ". Young peers rate each other as " Sage "; The Elders only address each other with the word "Venerable ". Apart from discrimination based on, monks and nuns, often called the greatest venerable elders in the Church by " the Great Elder " or " Great Venerable"(Thera: Elder, Mahāthera).The term "sage" can be considered equivalent to the word "virtue" today; The word "venerable" is equivalent to "Venerable"; The word "great monk" is equivalent to "monk". The form of organization and vocation of the Sangha, speaks of a special value, which is very human and very intellectual. The life of monks. It is called bhikkhu for those who are ordained from the age of twenty years old and have received ordination (Ni must be twenty two years old), under twenty years of age must practice in some time until the age of twenty. During this time, they are only devotees (for the Sangha) and Sudanese, consciousness-manganese gender (for Ni). Meditators usually rely on the Elders or the Venerable, or as their personal advisor, the Elderly, and directly bear the guidance and education of this person. In the case of attaining Arahanta, even under the age of ten, the nuns were honored by the Blessed Mother and ordained by the Sangha to the monks know that respectfully. The new monks ordained or newly ordained, often under the guidance, direct education of two sutras Xa-benefit-phat and Section-inter-associate, . The Sun teaches Sår-lup-phat to guide the monks up to the results of Tu-da-complete, and Sun Seek-inter-direct from the Tad-complete to A-la-drought. All the monks in the church association hold the same precepts, read every half a month on the 15th and 30th days of the lunar calendar. In the early years, the Bhikkhu chanting the Precepts until they have in the They have broken the world. This is the tradition of the Sun. Since the bhikkhu did not commit adultery, the Blessed One returned to the recitation of the Proclamation for the Prophet Samu. The author of Uru-ba-ly often in charge of reading recitations from that until later. (See Chapter III-A, page 135). Every year, monks, nuns in the rainy season. All returned to live in the large vihara and the smaller settlements. During this time, monks do not go begging, have good men and women, come to the residence " to bowl " and take care of offerings. On the day of Bodhisattva (Uposatha), reciting readings, all are gathered around the Exalted. The nuns are represented by the monks in the monks and return to the nuns' own residence to read the Vinaya. On the day of self-sufficiency, the end of each holiday season, the Blessed One and monks perform the self-service. This ceremony is solemn, but very simple, held in the midst of heaven, or in a forest. During the three months of rainy season, monks specialize in Buddhist studies and practice meditation under the guidance of the Blessed One and the Elders. After three months of settling, the monks went into a new activity, expanded. Monks are spread throughout the directions, go to different places, in the nationalities, both alms to the sun, as well as the sermon of birth, and effort to diligently continue to meditate to eliminate the gill or. Normally, monks in the abode surrounding the Blessed One have certain activities in each day. Morning, go begging all the way, the order of each house, no distinction; Almost finished, they returned to their place of residence or came under the trees in the forests for lunch (lunch).After the meal, wash the dishes, fold them up, rest for a while, then go back to a tree or an empty house, sit down straight leg, to meditate in front of the mind and practice sati breath in, out In late afternoon (after the net just, monks completely no nap), the Sun or Sun-Xa-benefit-talked Sutra. Sometimes there are other methods of worship by the other gods. Time can last. After the law, monks rest by walking, always keep themselves in the motto "Speaking as Dhamma and silence as the Dharma." This means either discussing the Dhamma (speaking), or sitting in meditation (silence). During the five guarded nights of the night, monks sit in meditation and walk in a monk; sleep two soup; Meditate and walk into the three soup;sleep at home; and sit in meditation and walking in the year. Bhikkhus always keep himself in regular activities. All other related activities, small activities are based on the Preamble to handle. The clothes, shelter (marshal) and medicine, then there are lay Classes, Loc Locà women (Visakhà) along with other good men and women. Often, there are often donors, male hosts to ask the Sun and monks to eat life. Bhikkhus are allowed to receive personal offerings, which means they are invited to eat their own meals in the house. After each meal, the Blessed One or a great Venerable often give a short dharma time as a happy and happy blessing. The Buddha also go begging and also in the form of individual requests, according to the aspirations of the master, the master. The acceptance of the word boy does not discriminate to cowardly, authoritative or not of the male host: the first male host is the first accepted by the Buddha, as in the case of a female artist, mango garden girl, and the Sangha, while the princes came later, did not receive the blessings of the Buddha on the same day. After the white boy's masterpiece, the Sun often quietly accept the words, if no first person. This is the traditional attitude of the Blessed One: silence is to show agreement. In the nine months after the rainy season, monks were allowed to meditate in the forests. The teaching of the dharma monks is purely the doctrine of liberation, and is presented in a very authentic, specific, transparent and legal manner. Monks are not allowed to praise the idols (miracles), Divine Wisdom or Tha-Mindfulness. Monks use their religion and their religion.The teaching is the regular teaching and learning of monks and lay people. The Sun always emphasizes the spiritual education. He is boring and disgusting magic, magic. It is said that once the gurus performed the divine powers, they swept across the Ganges, from shore to shore, and challenged the Exalted One to do so. The exalted monks asked how far outside the practice of the spiritual results. He said thirty years ago. The Blessed One said, "I only need three cents to cross the Ganges." The story expresses the very real, very natural and very human attitude of the Buddha, just as it clearly disregarded the supernatural powers of the Blessed One. The Bhikkhu's practice of Dharma and Dharma talks on the basis of Precepts, Meditation and Wisdom, absolutely not going out of these activities. On the ritual sacrifices, the Buddha taught the world good sacrifices are the fruit offerings; better is giving; Better still is morality; It is better to meditate; and better yet, Intellectuals to eliminate the illegal or. The Blessed One completely does not encourage the monks to live on their own expectations, prayers or wishes but only attentive mindfulness, mindfulness cultivation. Each time, the Blessed One asked a number of monks who followed the Blessed One along the Ganges: "If there is a cloud of oil floating above the water, and there are professors proficient in praying on the shore , prayers for the oil sink, yes? " "The Sun, no," replied the monks. "If there is a stone sinking into the river, This story is clearly not the sacrifice of karma, the gong or the sacrifice; It is the practice to eliminate the karmic or the gong. On every path of alms and propagation, the Blessed One and the monks always go barefoot and walk with the bowl in their hands. Simply put, you do not use vehicles and magical powers. The most prominent image is that until the Exalted One in Kusināra, then Mahā Kassapa (Great Ca-lettuce) was on his way from Pāva to Kusināra. To practice the teachings of the Buddha, do not use magic even at this critical moment. Of course, the Exalted still very delicate and very secret, using the divine presence in front of the Assembly to educate. Now the Blessed One uses the power of divine power to act as one of the members of the congregation, but the content of the teachings is purely precepts, precepts, and passages. History records, only Sun Seek-inter-associate is using magic, to compete for a number of foreign masters aggressive and arrogant. In this case the Blessed one rebukes. However, we also realize that the context of missionary practice, too difficult and complicated at that time, required the presence of the Prophet Muhammad-related to the use of the great spirit of the gods. So far, we find that monks' lifestyles are simple, very close to nature; Until the end of his life, it was still light and simple. Typically, the Buddha, the real master Thien Nhan, in his life, he is still in the yellow medicine; There are times when we only wear algae, go barefoot, use pads sat in hay; There are times when he rained for one night in the potter's house alone. He was born under the tree, practiced under the tree, enlightened under the tree and entered Nirvana under the tree, simply lying on a hammock hanging between two trees. How simple life but romantic! How beautiful! How solemn! It is these images, the loveliness that is the most wonderful and wonderful hymn to contemplate life. Oh! That's wonderful! This is the source of inspiration for the illustrations, for the magic verses, for the wonderful music and for the life of the rich. Emotions about that lifestyle of the monks, the next generation has composed four verses describing: "The natural bowl of heaven, theTranslation: "A bowl of rice,In the book "Meditation Practice", the translation of Nhu Hanh, has been practiced four sentences as follows: "A bowl of rice, thousands of homes,"Dear" in the verse should not be understood as alone in the ordinary sense, but must understand alone in the sense of the Buddha taught in the Synod of Sutra III, p. 11-12, "What is a traveler?" - "It is pure lye craving and attachment." If the craving, clinging is called a two-person travel or family travel.END=NAM MO SAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY=THICH CHAN TANH.VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=GOLDEN AMITABHA MONASTERY=AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.6/11/2018. |
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