The base of the Buddha Philosophy in the Pali Abhidharma

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In 45 years of transmission, the Buddha taught so many precious things. His teachings have been broadcast throughout the East for more than 20 centuries, now increasingly spreading to the West. As the birth of the Buddha, his disciples thought of recording those teachings. This vow became a reality several months after the Buddha entered Nirvana. His teachings are divided into Tripitaka (Vinaya Pitaka), Sutta Pitaka (Abhidhamma Pitaka) and Abhidhamma Pitaka (Abhidhamma Pitaka).

During the time of the Buddha, his teachings had some people understand and explain differently. The true teachings of the Buddha are recited and summarized in the Assembly. After the third collection, the entire Pali Abhidharma was formally composed of 7 sets, of which Katha-Vatthu was composed by Moggaliputta-Tissa (Pali), based on the precepts. of the Buddha.

Lu é n T sir ng Pali

Abhidhamma Pitaka (Pali) - Comment on the philosophical, psychological, moral, metaphysical issues that the Buddha said in the sutras. Vocana vacana, the use of the language of philosophy (paramattha vacana), abstract, difficult to understand. Take one example: "water" is a liquid, like drinking water. "Water" is a common language, vocana vaccana. But "H2O" is the language of the scientist, vocan paramattha. The vocabulary is vocana vaccana. The language in the text is vocana paramattha. Commentary is the essence of the Buddha. It is very abstract, very abstract and very dry. So few people study. I take an example: people like to look at the table, the chair, the cabinet, ... rather than the "comment" on wood. "Wood" is Luan, table, chair, cabinet ... is Kinh. Swimming on the lake is very romantic, everyone likes, but few want to dive deep into the lake to find treasures. Swimming on the lake is studying Kinh, diving to the bottom of the lake to find the argument. Playing on the edge of the forest with flowers, multicolored leaves is always more fun than crossing a hot desert. The chanting of chanting in fine language, such as strolling through the forest rather than sitting in the study, reflecting on the noble philosophy, the magic in the Abhidhamma.

Some Western scholars in the study of the Abhidhamma have uttered the verse, "The valley of dry bones is the valley of dry bones." Each sutra speaks only part of the whole of the Buddha. The study of the Abhidhamma is to find out the essence of the profound philosophy of the Buddha. For most Vietnamese Buddhist scholars, the Pali Commentary is still strange. Most of our Buddhist texts are translated from Chinese. Most of the kanji are translated from Sanskrit.

A billion miles Lu é n and Avici Рsir t Ma Lu é n

The Abhidhamma Pitaka was composed after the third collection. The original Pali text was kept intact in Sri Lanka, as a national security. Mahinda (the son of Asoka) and some of the monks brought the Tipitaka to Ceylon, received by the king. Every morning before the work of the king, the king read, then translated the Commentary into Sri Lanka. Abhidhamma Pitaka consists of seven books:

1. / Dhamma-Sangani - French Composition: Comment on the French. Dhamma is used as a personal name to call the Dharma Tanh, the true nature, the Buddha Nature in the world, the magic of the Foot as still in the dharma, the constant in all things. So called legal. Dhamma-sangani begins with the Matika (matrices, matrices, patterns) listing 1,366 dharmas, setting up a framework for the whole 7 discourses. English scholar CAF Rhys Davids (Rhetoric of Rhys Davids) translated into English, A Buddhist Manual of Psychological Ethics, The Pali Text Society published in 1900, 1923, 1974 and 1993 in London. Based on the content of this essay, Psychological Ethics must be translated as Ethical Psychology is correct.

2. / Vibhanga - Dissenting: discussing the dharma, complementing the Dhamma-sangani and laying the groundwork for the Dhatu-Katha. This book deals with the Five Precepts (Khanda), the Twelve (Ayatana), the Dhatu (Dhatu), which consists of 28 chapters. U. Thittila translated into English, The Book of Analysis, The Pali Text Society published in 1978 in London.

3. / Dhatu-Katha - The Essay on Aggregation, Land and Gender, consists of 14 chapters containing several hundred questions and answers about aggregates, origin and gender. This can be said to be a work of ethical psychology unprecedented in the civilization of all humanity. Human psychology is split into small pieces, analyzed in detail, from which a practitioner. U. Narada translated into English, Discourses on Elements, The Pali Text Society published in London in 1962 and 1977. Interestingly, the translator expresses the intricacies of the Aggregate, Land and Gender through graphs, to make the study easier.

4. / Puggala-pannatti - Contestant Discussion: discuss and distinguish between the monk and home, including 10 products. Comment on 142 different types of people. This is the shortest of the seven commentaries of the Pali Commentary. Through this essay we can see the Buddha clearly understood each type of person in the world through the subtle classification. Professor BC Law translated into English, Designation of Human Types, The Pali Text Society published in 1972 in London.

Kathleen Vatthu, or Commentary: This commentary was given by the Moggaliputta-Tissa (Pali), the Prophet Muhammad, in the third collection summoned by Asuoka (about 218 years after the Buddha entered Nirvana), when the division of denominations. Although Katha-Vatthu was composed by Moggaliputta-Tissa, based on the "core" spoken by the Buddha. At birth, the Buddha predicted a division, so he "destroyed" wrong ideas caused by a group of students understand and explain his teachings differently and misleading.

Katha-Vatthu gave 219 questions and answers to disciples who did not grasp the meaning of his preaching. The content is classified into three categories: the class order, the topic of debate and the ideology of difference. Moggaliputta-Tissa only recited this class based on the true teachings of the Buddha. SZ Aung scholars and CAF Rhys Davids translated into English, Points of Controversy, The Pali Text Society published in 1915, 1960, 1969 and 1979 in Luon Don.

6. / Yamaka - Song Arguments, or Song Luận: give questions and answers paired in pairs. So the new name is Song Conflict. This treatise consists of 10 articles revolving around the Kusala, Akusala, the Five Aggregates, the Twelve, the Sankhara, the Sacca, the Anusaya, Citta, Dhamma, Indriya. This set contains a series of definite and negative questions, and answers about the above mentioned. The Department uses the method of logical reasoning as Katha-Vathu (Theory of Knowledge). Unfortunately this is not yet translated into English, but researchers can still understand it by reading the Pali Text Society Journal published in 1912, which reviews the essay, entitled Book of Pairs. .

Patthana: The Longest, Greatest, and Most Important Commentary of the 7 Commentaries of the Abhidhamma Pitaka. The essay is nearly six conclusions. The Dhamma-Sangani and Patthana are the backbones of the whole of the Buddha in the Pali Canon. This statement speaks of the relationship that arises between the dhammas. If the whole of the commentary is an epitaph, the Patthana is the foundation, Dhamma-sangani is the frame, and other commentaries are columns, walls, roofs. This volume consists of six volumes, each divided into four parts. Venerable U. Narada translated into English, Conditional Relations, The Pali Text Society published in 1988 in London.

Preaching is the focus of the Buddha. Want to learn the Buddhist philosophy can not forget this comment. In other words, a person who wants to be good in any music, instrument (classic, folk, piano, violin, etc.) can not learn the music. The Patthana is "musical"; 7 notes are 7 notes.

In parallel with the seven verses of Abhidhamma - A Bhikkhuni, the Theravada (Venerable) written in Pali (recognized after the three aggregates are the true teachings of the Buddha), the Sarvastivada Possible or Possessive) also offers seven commentaries Abhidharma - Abhidhamma, written in Sanskrit. Here is the table:

1. Dhamma-Sangani - Pali, Theravada; Sangiti-pariyaya-pada or Sangitipataya-bada - Sanskrit, Sarvasti-vada, edited by Maha-Kauthila.

2. Vibhanga (Pali, Theravada); Dharmaskandha-pada - Sanskrit, Sarvastivada, by Sariputra.

3. Dhatu-Kattha - Pali or Theravada; Dhatukaya-pada or Dhatukaya-bada - Sanskrit, Sarvas-tivada, composed by Purna (Phu Lau Na).

4. Puggalapannatti - The Testimony (Pali, Theravada); Prajnapatti-pada or Prajnapatti-bada - Sanskrit, Sarvartivada, by Maudgalyayana (Sanskrit) or Moggallana (Pali) (Moggallana) composed.

Katha-Vatthu - Theory of Pali (Theravada); Vijnanna-pada or Vijnannakaya-bada - Sanskrit, Sarvastivada, written by Devasarma.

6. Yamaka - Song of Confusion, Pali (Theravada); Prakarana-pada - Sanskrit, Sarvastivada, composed by Mr. Vasumitra (He The Huu).

7. Patthana - Pali, Theravada; Jnana-Prasthana - Sanskrit, Sarvastivada is composed by Katyayaniputra (Ka Dien Nien).

The seven Abhidhamma texts are kept intact in Pali; The seven Abhidharma texts are translated from Sanskrit into Chinese. The original Sanskrit was lost, and the translation into Chinese was intact.

Comparison Lu é n Pali and Lu é n Sanskrit

We need to add the following points to Buddhist scholars:

- Sangiti-pariyaya-pada - Sanskrit narrative analogous to Dhamma-sangani - French Pali (Pali);

- Dhatu-kaya-pada Commentary - Sanskrit like Dhatu-Katha - Pali;

- Prajnapatti-pada - Sanskrit analogy of the Puggala-Pannatti - Pali testimony;

- Jnana-prasthana - Sanskrit like Patthana - Pali.

- The Ministry of Dharma-skandha-pada - Sanskrit Sanskrit contains 14 out of 21 varieties 14 out of 18 of the Vibhanga - Pali. In other words, the Sanskrit commentary is completely different from the Pali commentary.

- Two Sanskrit commentaries, Vijnana-pada - Shakyamuni and Prakarana-pada - The type of the lecture, completely different two Pali commentary is Katha-Vatthu - Theory of Consciousness and Yamaka - Song of Arguments.

Kosa Lu é n

The Abhidharmakosha was composed by Vasubandhu in Kashmir in the 5th century AD. Vasubandhu (4th or 5th century AD) was based on the Vaiblashika (the common name of the two sets of Mahaviblasha and the Vishnu-Piyasala) Abhidharmakosha - The Abhidharma of the Sarvastivada sect - The Sarvastivada. This text contains two parts: the first part contains 600 verses (Abhidharmakosha-karika) and the second part is the textual narration (Abhidharmakosha-bhashya). The original Sanskrit was lost, only translations into Chinese and Tibetan.

The Abhidharma Abbot marks a period of transition of thought from the Hinayana to the Mahayana. In this essay, Vasubandhu discusses the Three Realms (Triloka), Karma, Anusaya, Pudgala-Marga, Jnana, Samadhi. In the Vietnamese language, there are two valuable books on the Shari'ah:

(1) The Essential Question, Essential Nibbler, The International Buddhist Institute published in 1985; and

(2) Abhidharma Mindfulness, Thich Man Giac Tu, Vietnam Buddhist Cultural Center in the United States, published in 1995.

Average Gi Arab i Lu é n T sir ng

To understand the significance of the seven Pali commentaries, any researcher can not ignore the seven commentaries on these seven arguments.

(1) The Expositor, translator Pe Maung, The Pali Text Society published in 1920 and 1921, used for the commentary Dhamma-sangani.

(2) The Dispeller of Delusion, Nanamoli translator, The Pali Text Society published 1987 and 1991, used for the Vibhanga commentary.

(3) The Debates Commentary, published in 1940 and 1989 by BC Law, The Pali Text Society, for the commentary Katha-Vatthu.

(4) The Pali Text Society Journal published in 1884 contains a commentary for the Puggalapannatti commentary; published in 1912 contains commentaries for the Yamaka commentary (essay not translated into English).

(5) Dhatu-Katha and Patthana commentaries have been translated into English with commentary, so no commentary.

In addition to the extremely valuable commentary, we recommend that researchers consult Anurudha's Abhidhammattha-sangaha, which has two translations into English: (a) Compendium of Philosophy by The Pali Text Society published in 1910, 1956, 1963, 1967, 1972, and 1979. (b) Comprehensive Manual of Abhidhamma published by the Buddhist Publication Society in 1993. The two English versions have different interpretations and explanations, but are of value. high. If you have read the Abhidhamattha-sangaha, you can not forget the two visuddhimagga teachings of Buddhaghosha and Upatissa's Vimuttimagga.

In addition, Nyanatiloka Mahathera (1878-1957, Germanic) wrote A Guide to the Abhidhamma-Pitaka, the Buddhist Publication Society, published in 1938, 1957, 1971 and 1983, which greatly assisted scholars. The Western scholars, while studying the Abhidhamma, do not comprehend the Causality, so the author adds a note on the cause of Causality in the end of the book, to help the researcher. understandable and not mistaken.

At this point, anyone who wants to study the Pali Abhidharma has had some of the necessary belongings to start exploring the treasures of Hinayana philosophy, a treasure of philosophy, psychology and scholarly ethics. Great in Pali literature.

In addition to the books we have just listed and introduced above, you can find many valuable books on the Pali Pit, which are limited to articles, so we can go into the details of the books. Other reference books.

K ế t Lu é n

Buddhism has been developing in the East for more than 20 centuries, but in the last 200 years the West has been studying and studying Buddhism. Although the history of Buddhist development does not show bloodshed as has been seen in the history of Western Christian development in the past centuries, there is also a contradiction of ideology. Hinayana and Mahayana. The Buddha advocated seeking liberation in arana and avoiding conflicts (rana)

He presented the Middle Way, latent in both theoretical and practical sense. The middle path lies between extremes: absolutism and skepticism in theory; eternalism and nihilism on the surface; between realism and nominalism in terms of language.

One also sees the higher path of the Theravada cult of the Visuddhimagga (Pure Land Buddhism) and the Vimuttimagga (Right Path of Righteousness). The Visuddhimagga was translated into English by the scholar Pe Maung, The Path of Purity, published in 1923, 1929, 1931 and 1975; and also translated into English by the Bhikkhuni Nanamoli, The Path of Purification, Buddhist Publication Society, published in 1991. The Vimuttimagga (The Path of Purification) was translated into English by the NRM Ehera, Soma Thera and Kheminda Thera. "The Path of Freedom," published in 1977 by the Buddhist Publication Society (first published in 1961 by another publisher).

In the course of the development of Buddhism over the last 18 centuries, our country has not had all the Tipitaka, such as Sri Lanka, China, Thailand, Myanmar, Tibet, Japan and Korea. Is this a great flaw in Vietnamese Buddhist literature? During the Japanese invasion of Korea, the Japanese burned the entire Tripitaka, engraved on wood panels that had been stored for centuries in an ancient throne. After the Japanese pulled out of the water, a tall group rose with a young sangha to carve the Tipitaka on precious wood panels. During the day, the young monks go to the forest to cut the trees, go to the pagoda, saw the wooden board, and at night, teachers together to carve business.

For more than 10 years, the entire Tripitaka was carved into small wooden boards the second time (over 82 thousand wooden blocks, over 52 million words), glass placed on each shelf. Koreana Ti-Pitaka is currently archived in Haiensa, declared a UNESCO World Heritage by UNESCO. This Tipitaka is now the national security of the Korean People, maintained by 200 environmentalists, to prevent these blocks from being damaged by the weather. Buddhism passed into our country (around 189) before entering Korea, Japan and before far from Tibet. Their translation of the Tripitaka. It seems that we have not added a meaningful history to the history of Buddhism in Vietnam.

The study of the Pali Canon is back to the heart of the Buddha's teachings to master all the treasures of philosophy, psychology, ethics, metaphysics, cosmology, Freemason born all things in Buddhist Hinayana. To let readers see the importance of studying Abhidhamma we would like to study or recite one or two sutras as we learn to sing one or two songs through karaoke, is studying music theory.END=NAM MO SAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY=THICH CHAN TANH.THE MIND OF ENLIGHTENMENT.VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=GOLDEN LOTUS MONASTERY=AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.4/10/2018.