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(Kammatthàna - gahana - niddesa)
1. Concentration is referred to in the word of mind in the sentence "mind and wisdom" (Ch.Concentration should be practiced by a man who has stood on the world of pure purity thanks to the less wanted, know enough ... And be full by the ascetic. But it is only possible to practice. Thus, there is the following series of issues whose purpose is to detail the method of practice:
(i) What is destiny?
(ii) What does it mean?
(iii) Characteristics, nature, general condition and proximity of the object?
(iv) How many types?
(v) What is the defilement of the mind?
(vi) What do you do?
(vii) How to practice?
(viii) Benefit from practice?
2. (i) What is destiny?
Concentration has many things and many aspects. An answer that covers all aspects of concentration is not able to accomplish its purpose but also fulfill its purpose but also fails to fulfill its purpose and leads to distraction. Therefore, we limit ourselves to the kind of here called the good one .
3. (ii) What does the meaning mean?
It is called concentration , samadhi with concentration ( samadhi) . What is focus? It is the turn around ( adhana) of consciousness and mental steadily (samam ) and righteousness (sammà ) into a single object. Thus, it is the state in which the mind and the mental state are in a state of equanimity, justified, and put into a single object, not dispersed or distracted.
4. (iii) Dinh's characteristics are not dispersed. The nature or task it is to eliminate dispersion. Its not scattered. Its close approximation is, by the phrase "By reason, it is determined" ( D. i, 73 ).
5. (iv) How many types are there?
1. First of all, it belongs to a kind, with non-dispersive characteristics.
Types
2. Upcàra and appanà .
3. Defining the world and the world.
4. Settlements and sentence sentences.
5. Confirmation and friendship.Three types
6. Lower, middle and upper.
7. Have a range, etc ..
8. Set good sentences etc.
9. Set limits, great and immeasurable.Determine the four types.
10. Determine the difficulty and knowledge of the slow ...
11. Limited to finite objects ...
12. Classification by the meditation.
13. Follow the rotten, stagnant ...
14. Follow the realms.
15. According to the four as a yam.There are five types , according to the year of meditation.
6.
1) Determine a type, meaning said.
2) Set two types: Commitment is the highest priority achieved by the methods: 6 memorial, death, contemplation of peace, impurity of the troupe, analysis of the four; And the mind is in the first place. Concentration is just the aftermath of the preparatory work, as the saying goes: Prepare for the meditation is a coast, as if the coast, for early meditation.
seventy three). Refining the world is the best mind in the three realms of education, color, colorless. The world is devotional.
8. 4). The statement of righteousness is the mind of the first two Zen in the four meditations or the first three meditations in the five meditations. Determination is not the end of the mind in the last two meditations. But close-mindedness can be blessed or not.
9. 5). Confirmation is the first of the four meditations in the four meditations and the first three meditations in the five meditations. Determining the rational equanimity is the intention in the other meditation (in both systems 4 and 5 meditation). Determination can be useful sentences or sentences.
10. 6). Determine the first three types, the new achievement is low, has not been developed is average, mastered to the master level is high.
11). Second, there is scope, the fourth is in meditation, and approaching. There are four kinds of meditation in meditation. Because when one sees the danger in the four, only wish to give up when passing through the meditation and thus reach the goal is not available. Concentration is not the fourth of the three meditation from the second meditation in the four meditation and meditation in the five meditation. ( See D. ii, 219 )
12). Third, the right meaning: Concentration in the first two meditation in the four meditations or the first three meditation in meditation. Determining the ideal sentence is to meditate and meditate in the meditation system of four meditation and four meditation in the system of meditation. Determiningthe rational equanimity is the final meditation in both systems. Determination can be with the blues,can be exhausted.
13). Fourth, the limit is the one in the rightmost way. Concentration is the whole of the mind in the mind of the world and colorless. Determine the immeasurability of the mind associated with the eight paths.
10). The four types are:
- difficult to advance, long,
- difficult to advance, fast,
- easy to advance, long, and
- easy to progress.
15. The development of concentration from the first mental response to the arising of near-action, called progress and wisdom arising from near-sightedness, is called attainment . This development is difficult for some people, easily due to the persistent opposition of opposites, the hinds, etc. For others, it is easy, because without these difficulties, evidence same as
16. When a person practices the wrong way, it is difficult to move forward. When the practice is appropriate, it is easy to progress. But if the practice is not suitable at first, after the appropriate Dharma, or vice versa, it is so mixed. (For the appropriate, inappropriate, will say in chapter IV, section 35 onwards). If you start the tu when not prepared, the removal of obstacles, etc., it is difficult to progress, the opposite is easier. (Ch. IV 20) If you do not complete the skill of determination only long, and vice versa quickly. (skilfulness of determination, will be discussed in Chapter IV.42).
17. In addition, these four types are also referred to as tham and si, and depending on the practitioner has just established and consistent. If the practitioner heavy desire, it is difficult to advance, if not heavy, it is easy to advance. If you are heavy on si, intellectual property is long, the opposite quickly. If the net is only difficult, then net practice is easy to advance. If you do not practice insight is long, have been trained quickly.
18. Also classified as defiled and the grounds. If the structure is strong, slow flooding is difficult and long time; if the advantage is rapid. If the weak configuration, the base is also blunt, easy to advance and long, but if the advantage is fast.
19. Therefore, in terms of progress, this attainment, when one attains the goal with difficulty and wisdom (victory), is called long-term difficulty . Similar to the other three cases.
20. 11). Second, the four types are limited to a finite object, finite with an infinite object, infinite with a finite object, and indefinite with an infinite object. Limited is not familiar and can not be a condition for a higher meditation. The object is not extended, is defined with finite object . (Ch. IV, 126). When one is familiar with, cultivates, and conditions a higher meditation, it is called infinite concentration .Arises with an extended object, called with indefinite object .
21). Concurrently, there are four types of meditation: the meditation consists of five meditations namely meditation, meditation, bliss, concentration, concentration, after deduction of the five hindrances. The three meditations are three, meditation and meditation. Meditation is two meditation, remove the hỉ. The four meditations are lost, the other two factors are concentration and discharge.
22). Concurrently, the fourth type is the participant in decay , participates in stagnation , participates in analysis (vissesa) , and participates in nibbedha . Participating in rotten crops can lead to the opposite. Participation in stagnation is the stop (residence) of the concept corresponds to that.Participation in the area is subject to higher discrimination. Being able to enter into the mind is possible and it is possible to attain the mind and the mind. "When a person who first attains meditation can think and agree with him, then his insight is part of the reduction. he can think and do not agree with the range, then he is a part of the intellectual property (Visesa). When he is able to think and agree with him, with the desire to go to the cup of greed, that knowledge is part of the nibbedha . "(Vbh.330 ) There are four.
23). Concentration of the four kinds of fifth: sex, gender, colorless, and to associate eight saints. Sexual discourse is all sorts of attainment . Three other types of charity is the heart Nhut corresponds meditation gender identity , formless and meditate under the path .
24). Four kinds of sixth: is to achieve due to many essentials, due to the mind, sophistication or docket many.
25. 16) Five types of meditation: meditation in two meditation, two meditation is not meditation, and non-meditation (called the second meditation and meditation in the meditation system).
26. (v) What pollutes the mind? (vi) What makes it pure? Vibhanga says defilement is the state of participation in the reduction of the net, the purity of which is part of the winning (visesa). The reduction is "When a person attains first-degree meditation, which can be thought of as a cognitive activity, then he participates in a decline." And the part that goes straight to the prize is, "When he can handle and think not of himself."
27. (vii) How to practice citta?
A. Summary:
The method of catechism that involves the eight paths consists in the method of intellectual cultivation (cf. Gen. XXII). So here we are not discussing the practice of discernment.
28. But the world must be cultivated by one who has stood firm in the world of pure sex as described.He must remove ten obstacles, close to knowledge, who give a subject of meditation, must embrace one of the forty topics, which is suitable for both yoga. Then to avoid the temple is not convenient, to live in a favorable for the practice. Then eliminate dependencies and do not ignore any instructions.
B. Expansion of details:
29. Ten obstacles . These are: residence, family, benefits, furniture, construction, travel, home, brain, broken books, magic.
30. 1) Breed: It may be a small room in the house, a hut, a monastery. This is not an obstacle for everyone. It is only a hindrance for the person who preoccupies the construction that is going on there, or there are many things there, or busy with a job related to it.
31. There is a story like this. Two good sons leave Anuradhapura to leave the monastery at the monastery . One learns of the two organs of the Fa and the Law, after the completion of the five-year term, attends the ritual and then arrives at a place called Pāklinakhandaràjà . The other is in place.When he left to Pacìna for a long time, he became an elder, thinking: "This place is very well settled, I will go to you." So he went to Thupara . When it arrives, an elders meet, pick up the bowl and perform the ceremony.
32. The guest rushes into the shelter for himself. He thought, "Surely you will bring me some butter or fresh water, or something to drink. That night, he did not get anything. In the morning, the elder thought: "You will send me porridge and food received from the lay foreigners." When no one brought anything, the elders thought, "No one brings in. Maybe they will when we go into the city." Early in the morning, the great virtue to the city. When they had walked down the street and had only a spoonful of porridge, they sat at a cooler to drink the porridge.
33. The guest grows up thinking, "Maybe there's no giving to each person. When they arrived, they only ate what they had asked during begging. The patroness asked: "White Belt, why is it?" "Yes, sage." "White virtue, Pāninakhandarājya very comfortable, let's go." You are going on the road. "The old man asked," Where are you going? "" So not the sage has advised me to go to Pacna. star? "But, why is it that there is no virtue at all, in a place that has been so long?" "Yes, sage. The bed and chair of the monastery have been left in their place. There is nothing else." "But the great virtue, I forgot the oil bottle, and the bag of sandals." "So many saints, so long ago?" "Yes, great virtue."
34. The visitor is very pleased to say: "For those who are like sages, the place is a place of forest, the relic is the relic of the four Buddhas are worshiped, Correctly in the Brazen Palace there is a representative to contemplate, and may visit the ancients, as it is in the time of the Buddha. The next day, the elders hugged the bowl and left alone. Breeding is not a hindrance for such a person.
35. 2). The family consists of relatives or lay people. Because even pro-family is an obstacle for those who live in close contact with them in the manner described by the sutras: "He is happy when they are happy." ( Ii ii, 11 ), one does not go to a monastery to hear the Fa without the accompanying family members. But even a parent is not a hindrance to a child like an elder of the Korandaka monk .
36. Great faith comes to Rohana to learn. The elder's sister always asked her son. So, one day, the elder went to Rohana to take me home.
37. The great monk said, "I have been here for a long time, and now I can visit my mentor and see the maiden." Then the great devil left Rohana . Two teachers meet on the banks of the river Mahaveli great elder under the tree. When asked, "Where are you going?" The elder said his intentions.Believers keep inquiring about me so I have to come here. Go away, I will stay in this place rainy season. "And the elder asked not to go to the monastery to the monastery on the day to settle rainy season. The father of the great virtue took responsibility for offerings.
38. The next day, our great-great-grandmother came to the place and said, "What is the name of the great devotees of our homeland?" When he learned that it was falling on a young visitor, he went to his side and bowed to him and said, "Great virtue, there is a customary duty for anyone who settles in our place." "What is it like?" - "That is, just pick up food at our house during the three months of the rainy season, and let us know what day it will go, after the Four Feathers." Venerable silent acceptance. He returned to his wife and said, "There is a great patriarch who has been in our place to shelter the rainy season. She obeys, prepares hard foods and quilt for bhikkhus. Although the virtue goes to the parents, at meal time, no one recognizes.
39. After having begged there three months of rainy season, the great news of the news coming out.She said: "Great virtue, please stay tomorrow." The next day, they invited the virtue, offering a roadbed and nine meters of cloth, and let the virtue go. Bless them, then return to Rohana .
40. The virtue of virtue has finished the self-service, on the way home. They met at the place before.The virtue of the duties of the disciples under the tree. The elders asked, "Did you see the maiden?" - "Bach, yes." And tell the elder what happened. Then he put oil on his feet, made a lavender for him, and offered him nine meters of cloth. After the elders, great virtue: "Only Rohana is suitable for children", and leave. The elder returned to his monastery, and the next day went to the village of Korandaka
41. The elder's sister stood on the street thinking, "My brother will come with me." When she saw the elders come alone, thinking: "Oh my sure dead." And when he falls down at the feet of the elders, he mourns the feast. He thinks that because the young monks have gone without warning, the elders comforted the woman and told her what had happened. Then draw the other cloth for her.
42. The mother reluctantly, kneeling on the way her son was walking, said, "Surely, the Blessed One has taught the path of the saints, knowing enough about the four things and the desire to practice. , so that a monk like our son has become a testicle, so even though he ate in his parents' house for three months, he never said, he was the mother's child, or the mother was the mother Oh what a miracle man. Even parents are not hindrances, for such a person, say nothing to the patron.
43. 3). Benefit : Four items. How do they become obstacles? Wherever a bhikkhu deserves to go, people also donate many things. Because they have to bless them, said France for them he did not have the opportunity to do the work of the ascetic. From dawn to dusk, he never interrupted the contact with the god. Again, the new light, those who begged fat fat came to say, "White Dhamma, male layman X, female layman Y ... the other one, the daughter of the other, want to meet the virtue ", and because he was ready to leave, he said," Bring ya, sage, ". So, he is always in a state of emergency. Thus, the offerings became a hindrance to him. He should leave the group to go alone, to an unknown place, that is how to stop the obstacle.
44. 4). They are a group of students or business. If the instructor, answering the questions of this group, without the time to practice alms, then they become a barrier. He should remove that obstacle by the following. If the bhikkhus have completed the main part only a little, then taught that go to the forest. If only a little, much left, then he should go to another teacher in a way not more than a reason and thanks to continue. If you do not find a replacement, you should leave class to do your part.
45. 5). Construction : is a new home. The person in charge of this job must know the material that has been bought, not purchased, must look after what has been done, not done, so this work is always busy. Should be obstructed by the way, if little left should be done; If there are many, should give them back when it is common ground, if it is own, then it should be given to trusted people, or leave for the delegation that go.
46. 6). Travel is far away. If someone asks for ordination in another place, or if there is an indispensable item there, it becomes an obstacle if he goes to the jungle while not making a trip to that place. He will be hard to dismiss the thought of the journey, so he should finish the journey before entering the forest.
47. 7). Belonging : In the monastery, that means the teacher, teacher, fellow teacher, fellow student, fellow teacher, medical assistant. At home, it is parents, brothers, etc. When these people fall ill, it is a stumbling block to the bhikkhu. Therefore, this barrier needs to be subtracted by healing the sick.
48. When he or she is sick, the parent has to take care of his / her life if he or she does not get it.Similarly, to the teacher at the ordination, at the precepts, the co-resident, the disciples that he received the monk, and for the medical assistant. But for teachers, for students who teach catechism, and for fellow students (careers), care for them as long as the class continues, and if possible, then continue to take care after that.
Mother and father need medical attention. If parents are in the city, and need help, they must help. If you do not have medicine, give your medicine. If not, go beg to offer. But if you are sick, just let them use what they have. If they do not have it, then take their own for temporary use, then get back. If you do not get it back, do not complain. Do not give medicine to her husband or sister, but can give her sister, she said "Give her husband (or sister) use." It is the same with his wife or his brother's wife, but for him, the bhikkhu is allowed to give medicines, because he has blood relations.
50. 8). Mental Illness is any kind of disease, when pain is really a hindrance, medication. If the illness persists after a few days of treatment, then do the work of the ascetic, after saying so: "I am not your servant, I have suffered for maintenance of the person through the ring. endless birth.
51. 9). Books are the responsibility of the sutras. This is only a hindrance to those who are always busy reading. On this point, there is the following story. When Elder Revata ? Rev. Venerable reciting the Middle Sutra is a heavy responsibility, sage. When a person memorizes the first 50 sutras, he or she is in front of 50 intercellanals while studying the last 50 sutras. How can a sage start a meditation subject? "-" The great virtue, when I received a topic, I will not retreat the scriptures. "He received the meditation subject and in 19 The non-reciting readings, have witnessed the results in the 20th year. He told the bhikkhu to read, "Sages, I have not looked at the scriptures for 20 years, but still familiar. The sage began. "And from the beginning to the end, the elder chanting read not trumpet a sound.
52. Mahà-Nàga in Karuliliyari , too, to experience one another for 18 years, then he chant Dhttukatha for the bhikkhu not to hear a word.
53. In the monastery, Abhaya "I will present the Tripitaka among the Masters of the Five Sutras," and this happened before he learned the lesson. The bhikkhus say, "What is the teaching of these masters? Unless you give the teachings of the disciples, we will not let you speak." The elders of the elders also asked, "Sage, have you beaten?" "Bach," "For some reason?" - "Bach, I will preach the sutras" - "Sage, the masters explain this paragraph how" - "Like this, white virtue." "Sage," his first explanation was that of the masters, but since he did not really hear it from the mouth of a teacher, he could not hold the position, that the teacher said so. Let's go to school with the teachers. "" Where are you going? "" There is an elder named. Mahà Dhammara (Dharma Precepts ) at Tulādhāra Monastery - pabbata from Rohana across the Mahaveli River . He knows all the scriptures. Come to him. " Abhaya's elder said to him," I have not seen the scriptures for thirty years. But sage read the evening, and in the morning I will preach. Abhaya obeyed.
54. The villagers built a large tent in front of their residence, the day they came to hear the Dharma.During the day, the preacher preaches what he has heard at night, until the end, to complete the teaching. Then he spread a mat in front of Abhaya, sat down and said: "Sage teach me a subject of meditation." "Did not I learn anything from you?" "What can I say to you, you do not know?" The elder said, "The path is different, for a person who has actually traveled on it." Abhaya seemed to be aRebuke at that time.
55. When Abahya gave his master a topic, he returned to Anuradhapura . Later, while teaching in theBrazen Power , he heard that the elder had entered nirvana. He hurried: "Sages, Arahantship is suitable for our teacher." He is a true spiritual teacher, sitting in the midst of his student body and saying: I have a theme of meditation, good sage, Arahantship of our teacher. For those people, books are not a hindrance.
ten). Spirit is the miracle of ordinary people, it is difficult to maintain as a baby lying on his back or a baby rabbit, a small object also made it break. But it is a hindrance to wisdom, not for concentration, because of concentration. Therefore, miracles or miracles are the obstacles that the savior must eliminate, and the other obstacles are those that the seeker must subtract.
Above is a detailed explanation of the obstacles.
57. Closely related to knowledge, the subject for a topic (p. 28): topics of two types, which are topics of common interest and special topics.
Consciousness except, and the concept of death are universally valid. There may be more impure.
58. When a monk embraces an object of meditation, he must first develop from the mind of the sangha in the world, initially to the bhikkhus in the temple as follows: "May the bhikkhus be secure happy, free from suffering. Then it spread to all the gods in the world, to the people in the village, where he often begged, then to everyone there and all dependent beings. With compassion for the bhikkhu, he arises with his companions, becoming easy to live with. With the heart of the gods in the world, he was guarded by the angels who he went to alms, he was assisted by legal aid. With the heart of the people around it, he goes everywhere is not disgusted, because people are trusted. With compassion for all sentient beings,
With death, thinking that "I will die" he renounces the unmanageable and consciousness of the rising, he is not bound.
When the mind is often impure, even objects in the heavens also do not tempt him to start.
59. Such visualizations, therefore, have universal benefits. They are called meditation subjects because they need to practice regularly, they are desirable because of their great benefit.
60. "Special Meditation Topics" are 40 topics that are relevant to each person's personality. It is "special" (pāriháriya ) because he must carry (pariharitabbattà ) with him always, and because it is closer to a higher stage of cultivation. The subject of a subject of the two types mentioned above, whois the subject of meditation . END=NAM MO SAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY=THICH CHAN TANH.THE MIND OF ENLIGHTENMENT.VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=GOLDEN LOTUS MONASTERY=AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.6/10/2018.
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