Appendix

 Master Xuanzang writes about the distribution of Buddhist sects in India 
(629-645 CE)

In his introduction to the state of Buddhism in India, Xuanzang said that in his day, that is, the seventh century, pure Buddhism or mixed It depends on the intellect and the will of believers. The first divide in the Sangha took place in the city of Vaisali between the Sthavira and the Mahasanghikas.The two sects accept the Three Discourses, but the Mahayana has a fourth organ called "Vyakarama" which records the teachings about the future of the Buddha. The doctrines of these two divisions made them separate, and became the subject of controversy among tribal scholars. Every one of us is superior in knowledge. There are "many noisy discussions", but besides that there are also monks sitting meditation, walking, usually around a stupa or temple, standing or lying. After this general remarks, Hsuan - Tsang continues to talk about PG status in different localities, referring to some monks and monks, as well as tribal groups. The following is a summary of the places Xuanzang visited during his pilgrimage to India.

The first location in India visited by Mr. Huyen Trang was Udyana (= Ujjana) in the Swat Valley, then the four districts of Panjkora, Bijawar, Swat and Buniz, north of Peshawar (Parashawar). In this place worshiped the PG and are devotees of the Mahayana. Previously there were 140 monasteries with 18,000 monks, but all were ruined and only a few monks were left. Cao Fahrez writes that they are followers of the Mahayana but practice the Hinayana precepts. Xuanzang saw the monks chanting but did not understand much about the profound meaning of the Sutra. There are four or five villages, among them a village called Mang-kil. Approximately 200 miles from Mang-Kil village, there is a Mahavana monastery near the monastery, the Rohitaka Stupa. Here Xuanzang found five laws of the five sects of the Dharmaguptaka,

Darel , the former capital of the Udyana government, was considered by the Cunningham researcher as the Dard. In this valley a statue of Avalokitesvara is erected to commemorate the Madhyantika evangelist.After the statue was erected, PG became popular in this country.Researcher Cunningham also wrote that the Buddha statue was huge.

Bolor , about 130 km across the Indus River. Assimilated by Cunningham with Balti or Little Tibet. Hsuan - Tsang noticed that there were some monasteries there, and they increased, they did not learn nor did they observe the rules.

Taksasika , (now Taxila, Pakistan). The location of this place is as follows: in the north is Urasa, in the east is Jhelum, south is Simhapura, and west is the Indus. Cunningham found the city a ruin near Shah-Dheri (royal palace), 19 kilometers northwest of Rawalpindi. There are at least 55 stupas, 28 monasteries, 9 temples, a bronze carved "Taksasila" and a Kharosthi jar.Hsuan - Tsang was summoned by Santaraksita and the master of the Sauntrantika, Kumaralabdha, who lived here.

Xuanzang went to the country twice, once in 630 years, on his way to the land of Buddha, and once in 645, when he returned to China. He saw many monasteries, but all were ruined. The few monks whom he met were Mahayana. People here follow PG. Emperor Asoka had the Prince Kunala come here to revolt, re-establishing security in the region. But the Prince was blind because of his mother's scabies, Tisyaraksita. Then his eyes were healed by the Han Ghosa. Ghosa is a physician and also a mystic (according to Divyavadana XXVII).

Legend has it that the king of Taksasila was rich, with ninety million gold and silver coins. King Bimbisara invited the king to visit the Buddha. When meeting the Buddha, the king took refuge and left home, but unfortunately on the way back, he died in the accident. The king made many offerings to build the relics of Emperor Asoka later. END=NAM MO SAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY=THICH CHAN TANH.THE MIND OF ENLIGHTENMENT.VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=GOLDEN LOTUS MONASTERY=AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.20/7/2018.