The Buddha  declared to  be  Nirvana.

The Buddha  is 80 years old this year. He  said  the cause of  the sermon ,  teaching  the birth  of Him was  completed . The time has come for you to  enter Nirvana . Along the way Kusinara, when  Buddha  stopped at Vaisali, in  Tinh Xa  Capala, he  declared  with  Venerable  Ananda was three months before he would  enter Nirvana . He  did not accept  the  request of Ananda, asking him to live one more life, for  happiness , for the  peace  of  beings . 

Then  the Buddha  told them  monks  words as follows: "O bhikkhus! All the measures are  impermanent . Be diligent striving.  Tathagata  about to  enter Nirvana . From now  within  3 months,  the Tathagata  will  enter Nirvana . I was old age, life  man  short. I will  farewell  the people. be  diligent ,  mindfulness  -awareness  and life  ethics . Those who live no distractions  in  the rules , He will be freed  from  samsara  and will  cease  suffering. "

And  one  last time , looking at the Vaisali city,  the Buddha  said they were  monks :

"Morality, concentration and wisdom,  liberation  ultimatum . That's what  the Tathagata  done".

32. The  Last Supper  of  the Buddha

From Vaisali,  Buddha  together with the  Venerable  Ananda and we  monks  sailed  away Kusinara. Along the way ,  the Buddha  and the  Sangha  stopped in many places,  interacting  with the people,  lecturing the method  of birth .

In Pava, the blacksmith Cunda ( Chunda ) celebrated the feast of  the Buddha  and the  Sangha . Cunda prepared the Buddha specifically for   a special dish  , called sūkaramaddava. The Buddha  advised Cunda to set aside the plate  of food for  the Buddha , and the rest of the fork must be buried. And said: "Only the  Tathagata  eat and  digest  get  food  this alone".

Eat finished,  the Buddha  suffered severe dysentery. He however tired but still keep  the spirit of  calm and  decided  to  hit the road  to go Kusinara, about 6 miles from Pava. The Buddha  bathed for the  last time  in the Kakutthi River, and after a moment's pause he told  Venerable  Ananda, "There may be someone to blame Cunda for the last meal that serves   Me, because after that  meal  I will  enter Nirvana and Cunda can  repent  remorse . the you should tell Cunda know that there are two  meal  offerings  to the  Tathagata , Bring the  greatest merit to the  donors . It's  meal  offerings  Tathagata  before Tathagata  enlightenment  and  meal  offerings  Tathagata  before  Tathagata  entered Nirvana . Tell Cunda know that, thanks to have  offerings  Tathagata  meal  last  before  Tathagata  entered Nirvana , Cunda is  mercy  large,  retribution large, so that Cunda be  life-  long ,  reborn  in the realm of healing ,  Wealth ,  reputation , Born in heaven  and have  great power . Ananda, you speak so to  remove  all that  remorse  of Cunda, if any ".

After saying this,  the Buddha  came to the Sala garden in Kusinara, where the Mallas tribe lived, and told  the Venerable Ananda to prepare a place for  the Buddha to  rest, head north,  lay  his right leg on his left leg, calm,  sober .

33. The  best  way to  respect ,  prostrate ,  praise ,  love  Tathagata

Sala see trees flowering  season , and other manifestations of  the belief  great,  loved ,  respected  Tathagata ,  the Buddha  said to the  monks  present as follows:

"Ananda, do not  respect ,  pay homage ,  praise ,  adore  Tathagata  styled so. But any  monks  or  nuns  do,  Upasaka  or Upasika  that staying true to  the Dharma , conduct ourselves with direct and act rightly, then the people that  respect , bowed ,  praising  and  endearing  Tathagata  a  good  one. Therefore, this Ananda, the person must  cultivate  such . Everybody  be true to the  Dhamma ,Act with the right conduct, the right action.

34. Four places of  worship

Then  the Buddha  said to the four locations  connected  to  the Buddha , which  Buddhists  can come  worship . That is:

Where  Buddha  Christmas , in Lumbini ( Lumbini ) at the  border  of India  - Nepal.

Where  the Buddha  attained enlightenment  in Gaya Bodhi ( Bodhgaya ).

The place where  the Buddha  began to transform into the French wheel (Sarnàth) is  the Deer Park  near Benarès.

Where  the Buddha  entered Nirvana  in Kusinara (now Kasia, 32 miles from Gorakpur station).

The Buddha  said: "Those who die in the process of  worship , with the heart of  faith , will be born in the heavens."

35.  Buddha  goods of  the  final : wanderer Subhadda

Then a Subhadda, living in Kusinara, learned that  the Buddha  would  enter Nibbana  into the  last  custody of tonight in Kusinara.  The gurus have the  following thoughts : "Old  masters  , the wanderers often told me that  the  Tathagata , the omniscient figure that appeared  in life is rare, very rare.In the last soup   tonight,  Buddha  Shakyamuni , steps Buddhahood  to  death . here we have  confidence in  the Buddha , may be he will  preach  to me that I might be enlightened. "

Then go to the forest wanderer Subhadda Sala tree, and asked  Venerable  Ananda to see  the Buddha . But Ananda said the Buddha  was tired, unable to continue. Subhadda three times  requested ,  Venerable  Ananda did  not accept  . But the Buddha heard the  story  between  Venerable  Ananda and wanderer Subhadda, said to  the Venerable  Ananda, saying "Let Subhadda in. He came here to look forward to  listening to the French , be  enlightened , not to disturb I, and my words, Subhadda will be able to understand. "

Buddha  told Subhadda hear about  road  leading eight branches, and only those who  studied  under the law and of  the Tathagata , the new  practice of  road  leading eight branches and can  become  Junior  recluses , II  Sa Subject , the third discipline , the  fourth . Subhadda  extremely  happy  and seek  refuge in the Buddha , taking  refuge in France , taking refuge in the Sangha . At the same time,  please  join the  Sangha, right now in  front of  the Buddha . Although under the law, Subhadda wanderer which is pagan , must  undergo  four months of trial  and then, if Sangha  accepted , the newlyordained  monks . But because the case  is very special , Buddha  exceptional for free Subhadda underwent  4 monthordeal  and told Venerable  Ananda TV ordained  monks  for Subhadda. Subhadda after a period  studied  diligently ,become  an Arhat . He was the last of the  Buddhists . must undergo four months of trial and then, if Sangha accepted , the newly ordained monks . But because the case is very special , Buddha exceptional for free Subhadda underwent 4 monthordeal and told Venerable Ananda TV ordained monks for Subhadda. Subhadda after a period studied diligently , becomean Arhat . He was the last of the Buddhists . must undergo four months of  trial and then, if  Sangha accepted , the newly ordained monks . But because the case is very special , Buddha exceptional for free Subhadda underwent 4 month ordealand told Venerable Ananda TV ordained monks for Subhadda. Subhadda after a period studied diligently , become anArhat . He was the last of the Buddhists . newly ordained monks . But because the case is very special , Buddhaexceptional for free Subhadda underwent 4 month ordeal and told Venerable Ananda TV ordained monks for Subhadda.Subhadda after a period studied diligently , become an Arhat . He was the last of the Buddhists . newly ordained monks .But because  the case is very  special ,  Buddha exceptional for free Subhadda underwent 4 month ordeal and toldVenerable Ananda TV ordained monks for Subhadda. Subhadda after a period studied diligently , become an Arhat . He was the last of the Buddhists . Buddha exceptional for free Subhadda underwent 4 month ordeal and told VenerableAnanda TV ordained monks for Subhadda. Subhadda after a period studied diligently , become an Arhat . He was the lastof the Buddhists . Buddha exceptional for free Subhadda  underwent 4 month  ordeal and told  Venerable Ananda TV ordained monks for Subhadda. Subhadda after a  period studied diligently ,  become an  Arhat . He was the last of theBuddhists  .

36. The final teachings   of  the Buddha

Buddha  saw  Venerable  Ananda sad cry, went  intimate  consolation ,  praised the  virtues  of the  Venerable  Ananda as a  steward , a  student  model, and encouraging  Ven  strive  diligently  to soon  be freed ,  Become  Arhat . Later,  the Buddha  told  Venerable  Ananda to inform the Mallas people that the  Tathagata was  about to  enter Nirvana  at the end of the night in the forest of Sala.

It is believed that the masses of Mallas, men, women, old people, young people, and children were crowded into the forest of Sala expressing their  homage ,  mourning  and  farewell to  the Buddha  for the  last time . The following are the instructions  of  the Buddha  to our  disciples , before he  entered Nirvana .

"Ananda, you may think: There is only  the great sect  without  the master ,  we  no longer have  the master  ." No, Ananda, you have not thought so, the Law and the Law. That I have taught you,  declare to  be your  teacher  , after I  enter Nirvana. "

"Ananda,  raise them  if you wish, can leave the   minor precepts and small, after I enter Nirvana."

"Behold the  disciples  of mine, if you still have  doubts  about the Buddha, Dharma and Sangha, or about the  way  religion, about the  method  , ask me, not to later  regret , think,  faced  with  As Lai  without asking any  Tathagat  !

Buddha  finished talking, our  students  are  silent ,  the Buddha  asked three times, our  students  are  silent .

The Buddha  said, "Maybe because you  respect  the  gurus  without asking questions? Then let someone talk instead." Once  again, we  disciples  remained  silent .

Venerable  Ananda  Buddhist transparency  that: "Wonderfully!  Hopeful  instead! Dear  Buddha . In every  disciple  we are here, there is no one who  doubts  and questions to the Buddha, Dharma and Sangha,  the Paths  and methods ".

Buddha  said, "Ananda, thy house said as  confidence  for  the Tathagata ,  the Tathagata  knows that, in their  disciples  to be here, no one was  suspicious  inquiries for Dharma and Sangha,  the road  direction and  method . Among the five hundred  disciples of this, this Ananda, the worst has  attained  Project Save , not  quit moving  again,  finally  sure  will be enlightened. "

The final words   of  the Buddha  are: "  I encourage you, disciples , all conditioned  things  are  mutilated . Be  active striving!" Then  the Blessed One  was silent . He  quietly  in samadhi ,  sequentially  undergo  all levels of meditation from low to high, and then  finally  to actively  enter Nirvana .

37.  Cessation of Relief  and the  division of the  relics  of the Buddha

Corpse  Buddha  is people Mallas  respectfully  taken to  Makutabandhana, and to be there for seven days before celebrating  the cremation official  ( cremation ). Venerable  Maha Kassapa also here to  pay homage to  farewell  Buddha once  final  and presided over the  cremation . After the  cremation , the Mallas people gathered  relics  to  offer .Countries  neighboring  and especially King Ajatasattu also requires partial  relics . Because   Mallas initially did not tolerate it, There is therefore a danger of exploding  a war  around  the  distribution of relics . But  ultimately , the parties also agreed  to be  together  as  relics  divided into eight sections, distributed to people Mallas, King Ajatasattu Magadha, tribal Liechavi in Vaisali,  tribal Sakya  in Kapitavastu, tribal Bulaka in Calakalna , The Krandya clan in Ramagrama,  Brahmins  in Visudvipa, the Mallas in Pava.

Brahmin  Dona, the organizers  succeeded  in  dividing  the relics , gaining for himself the pitchers  relics . The Mauryans in Pipphalirana, who arrived late, received only the ashes of the fire. The parties  involved in the distribution of the  relics are building towers in  their  own country for  offerings . Thus, there are all 10 towers: eight  relics  of the Buddha, a tower on the  relics , and a tower of ashes.

Conclude

Above is  a brief  biography  Buddha  Shakyamuni ,  based on  the resources  mainstream  of scripture  Buddhism . In that biography , some of it is  historical fact  , some of which are myths and  myths , and that  the generations of followers  and followers of the  Buddha's devotion add later, which  we can  not identify. . However,  based on  the  documents  scattered and  the system  turned back,   

1. The Buddha is not  God  created and  saved . Buddha, in the true sense of the Buddha, is the  enlightened , and who  is enlightened  as the Buddha called the Buddha. Therefore , according to  Buddhism  , the Buddha had many before Buddha  Shakyamuni  and after Buddha  Sakyamuni , the Buddha would have much more introduction. Buddhist  faithful rejected the  notion  metaphysical about one's  original , from scratch that was born to be  world ,  things , etc. The doctrine of  Buddhism  is everything so many people, many  interdependent  out, Called causal theory  . Buddha is not a god  at that, because Buddha "Teach  road  and if people  follow  the path of this, all the  suffering  will make an end". ( Dumplings , shelves 275).

The Buddha always reminds his  disciples  to make themselves  pure . And also make yourself  dirty . Nobody makes anyone  clean  or  dirty  .

"Doing evil yourself,

Self  pollution .

Self evil does not do

Self  -purification

Pure  net self

No one  purifies  anyone. "( Dumpling , 165).

Because of the arguments on which many  religious  else for that  Buddhism  is  atheistic , in the sense that  Buddhism does not  recognize  has  God  created the world and  save the world . But there are few  religions  that promote  humanity and  human love  like  Buddhism. 

Even, some say  Buddhism  is not a  religion , because were  religious  , they must  recognize  the world  as  God's creation  and who must have  soul . But  Buddhism  at the same time  rejected  both the theory of  God  and the theory of the soul .

But  Buddhism  is still a  religion , in that, first, it has a  cardinal , a  moral obligation  to use the Buddha  Shakyamuni , although  death  from more than 2500 years, but remains subject to  specified thresholds  of goods Millions  of  Buddhists are now around  the world . Second, it has a  system of  doctrine  is recorded in three  Tripitaka  classic principle by two classical languages  are Pali and Sanskrit, and have now been translated into almost all  languages  major in  the world .Tuesday, 

2. Buddha always advised  his disciples  is to believe in his strength, in his ability to  achieve  purpose  of enlightenment and  liberation  ultimatum . In those days  the last  of  his life  alone, the Buddha told the  Venerable  Ananda, the  disciple 's neighbor as follows: "Let's  rely on  ourselves  alone, as  a lamp  shining for yourself. Be  based on the  strength of  the relatives  themselves are key. Let based  firmly  on  Dharma . do not have to find a prop other than  myself  alone. "

It can be said  that Shakyamuni  's  character  as a  teacher is not imposing   any power on  man . Buddha never calculated exaggeration  weakness ,  computer crime  bug where  humans ,  on the contrary , the Buddha always  emphasized  man full  nature  good direction,  simultaneously  full of  capable  self-  perfecting  himself. By yourself,  try  and strive, you will be  enlightened and  liberated . 

3. Buddha  Shakyamuni  is not a  revolutionary  and  active  society  under  significant  modernization  of the word, but the views  society  of Buddhism is very  clear . The Buddha did not approve of the  social hierarchy  in  India . The  SanghaChurch founded  by the Buddha   does not  distinguish  the  social class . The  monks , as well as the great rivers,  the Ganges  , the Yamuna, the Ara river, the Sarabhu, the Mahi, when they dump into the sea they lose their former names,  

In the ranks of  disciples  of the Buddha when the Buddha was  in the world ,  ordained  and  lay , are all the categories of people of every class, from the kings of the largest of powerful kingdoms in  India  at that time Like King Bimbisara, King Ajatassattu, King Pasenadi etc. until  the  cleric  Brahmin  known  as  intelligent , high-directing as brothers Kassapa, the two men Sariputta and Moggalana  until  he barber of  tribal Sakya  is Upali, the  female sex  famed  and talented  of Vaisali is Ambapali, The infamous bandit is Angulimala in Kosala.

All  people , regardless of location, the source, into, cowardly, if  the mind  of enlightenment ,  repent  bug before, can spiritual advancement , and  witness ,  become a  saint between  beings , proving even  Nirvana  on earth card. Buddha always  emphasized  count  equality  between people  together . Buddha talked about the caste  Brahmin , who often see themselves as elite  social  superiority " As Brahmin  or  untouchable  is not by birth but by the actions of  ourselves  alone.People  Brahmin  or  untouchable  is not by birth but by the actions of  ourselves  alone. People  Brahmin  was not born of fire, thanks to two wooden sticks together friction, nor from  the sky  falling or flying out from the wind, but not from the ground  emerges. Those  Brahmins  also born from the womb  completely  same as the  Prime Da la  so. Everyone  has faculties in the body  similar to  each other, Nothing different. How can there be people who claim to belong to themselves or like special people? "

The Buddha has no   gender bias , although the Buddha considers that  the nature of  the  woman  is  weak , and the Buddha has  been  cautious when  setting up  the   first nunnery . But after  ordained , many women  religious  have become  famous  for  ethical  ethereal and academic  scholarship . Like his two Moggalana Sariputta and is  usually obtained  by  the Sangha  of the Buddha, the two Mrs. Khema and Gotami also be honored as  Shanghai players  of  nuns.  

Church  Sangha  by Buddha  Shakyamuni  founder  is a true mass  democracy . It  does not know the church. Church  that is based on  the spirit of  unity, solidarity, mutual love, called  continental air  (six things  in harmony ).

4. Buddha  Shakyamuni  is a  cardinal  very  generous  and humble, often for Buddha  Dharma  as the raft across the river, as finger pointing  the moon  or the  path  leading to  the Truth , but  ourselves  Buddhism  is not  Ultimate truth  . Having been raft across the river, there may be many boats, various rafts crossing the river; Was the finger of  the moon  can have more than one finger at the same time  the moon ;  

Second,  enlightenment  and  liberation  are a personal experiment  , that is, no one can  enlighten  or  liberate  anyone.There are things I can do but others can not do, I do it easily but others make it hard, in   this situation do, but in   othercircumstances do not. A  religion  class  world  as religion  Buddhism can not be rigid or narrow-minded. That is one reason  why in  Buddhism , there is much more religious sects, and between the sexes  together , in  the past as well as today, 

The  Nuns  Buddhism , if you live according to  the precepts  of Buddhism, is the proletariat altogether. They have no power nor money. They only have two things:  heart From  compassion and  wisdom . But with these two weapons, Buddhism  in a while, has  conquered  the hearts and minds of  most of  the  ancient and  feudal worlds  , and is still a world religion today.  With hundreds of millions of  followers .

[*]  The entire  period  from the half-century to the end of the eighth century  BCE  could be called the Buddhist era   of Chinese history . In  fact , it may be called the Buddhist era   of   Asian history . And we can say, the whole  world , because at the  time  that more than half the population of  the world  are  followers  of Buddhism . Buddhism  spread all over Asia, except for the Siberian and Near East, creating an unbroken cultural unity for the entire continent   . (East Asia-The Great Tradition,  - East Asia - Great Tradition , p. 147-148, Edwin O Reischauer and John K. Faichanks, Harvard University)

These are the four  characteristics  of Shakyamuni Buddha  , as a  patriarch . Buddhist monks  and  nuns  of any country, past and present, must take that role. Unthinkable tuoong a monk  Buddhist , even seniors, though  scholars  to where that attitude  and voice of religious power, life is not simple, not  least education ,  location-sufficiency , the agitation, protest and violence chaos, because the  purpose of fame and personal , playing  superstitious  to entice  the masses ,    

Sangha is  the example  of the  moral  and  intellectual , was the teacher of  the teachings  and  morals  and  precepts . The temple must be  the center  of  wisdom  and  virtue , not the place of worship and  worship . The Buddhist scriptures must be  taught  to the people to understand and follow, not to the  monks reciting . It is geared  toward  the  Buddhist righteous will  survive long  in the hearts of  Vietnam , in the lives of Vietnam , the country  Vietnam we . END=NAM MO SHAKYAMOUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY=THICH CHAN TANH.THE MIND OF ENLIGHTENMENT.VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=GOLDEN LOTUS MONASTERY=AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.23/7/2017.