SEVEN  METHODS OF  UNION  defilements.

Although the roots of suffering of  people  due to  ignorance  ( ignorance ), but  ignorance  is  expressed  through many  forms different. The difference of each  form  speaks its peculiarity, therefore, wanted to  solve  a  problem  must  be based characteristics to offer  measures to  solve . From the  meaning of this,  the Buddha  based  on points  derived  for each type of negativity , he brought out  the method  solve  a specific way for each type. According to  the Buddha , the life of  man  has seven  starting point afflictions  different, so he put out  the method  solved .

Asian. Defilement  by  knowledge  the exception: 

According to the analysis of  the Buddha , kind of  negativity  first is lack of  knowledge , or lack of  knowledge  that causes negativity . As in business, "All Gonorrhea Or" [35 ] Buddha  described  as follows:

"Hey, monks! Here, there are those  uncultured  ordinary  [36] less hear, not see the sages, not  mature  approach the sages, not  practicing  law the sages ...  not intellectual  knowledge ( understanding ) the measures  needed have  the intention  and the  law does not  need to work the monks .... Hey! How are  these  measures do not  need to  volition  that he  volition  ?As the law that he  volition , the  illegal sex ...  organic contraband ... and  ignorance  is not born that  arise , have borne more growth . These are  not measures  should  volition  that he  volition . This, monks! What is  the legal  need  volition that he volition ? Is  the intention  of the law the  illegal sex ...  organic contraband ... and  ignorance is not  born does not  arise , was born to eradicate. "

The meaning  has resulted in the passage,  the focus  Buddha  discussed  the issue  of: What Get basis for  volition  and objects  volition  is what? The problem  first, is  the Buddha  taught, is to take the  knowledge  ie  knowledge  as a basis for volition . Knowledge  here  refers to the teachings of  the Buddha  or the  words  of the wise people, is the  truth  of life that Buddha  was wise as well as  experience , drawn from the lives of  people . The issue  is the subject Monday  volition . The objects of  the Buddha  advises  us  need  volition  is what brings  practical  benefit  and  peace  for the life  of us , the opposite of what gives  people  the suffering and  sorrow , these are legal belong to  illegal sex  [37],  organic contraband  [38] and ignorance  [39]. In other words, these  methods are not  practical , far-fetched,  unrealistic , does not bring  happiness , these phenomena,  the Buddha  advised  us  to  give up , not to  volition , because the  volition  of them only increased suffering for humans  only. For  descriptions  of this standard,  the Buddha  gave a few examples of the  problem  does not  need to  work the  following: " We are present or not present in the  past  ? To appear like? We are present or not present in the future? And there like? ... ". These are the  problems of metaphysics, according to  traditional  Theravada ,  Buddha  refused to  answer the  question  , as they do not have  contact  to  the purpose  of  life  of dignity , not to  terminate  suffering pain, no  benefits what the  liberation  of enlightenment . As of doing 'enough money' [40],  the Buddha  taught:

"Likewise,  the world  often  impermanent ; the world  is finite  or  infinite ; life is life itself or other relatives; Tathagata extinct  or Tathagata  not  extinct ... I do not say this assertion. Why? Because these are not  corresponds with  finality , not  corresponds with legal, not  fundamental  dignity , do not open mind, not to  enlightenment , not to Nibbana "[41]

According to  the Buddha ,  the problem  was present or not present in  the past , after the  termination of  this life, we can  exist or  not exist , and  exist  like in the future ... then this life of  people  still  survive  the suffering. The  need to  do  first  of  us  is solving  the  problem  of suffering in life  now . Thus, the  question  belongs to the metaphysical is not  practical , the object is not  volition  for an  ordinary  is  present  sufferings. This is  the meaning of the sentence: "Do not  the intention  of the  problem does not  have  the intention" was  the Buddha  taught.

In summary ,  we  found that  attitudes  decided  "not  the intention  of the  problem  without phaitac reviews" or "volition, the problem  should volition" under  the field  "knowledge" is not "faith". So, what kind of suffering under the lack of  knowledge , want to  eliminate  them due to  knowledge  the exception. For example, a candidate enters the examination room, staff or expertise to do the work; Candidates must memorize homework and  knows  what he must contest; the employee must have knowledge  of expertise in the  areas of  their work. Rote homework or candidate's  knowledge  of the professional staff of the "knowledge", the  conditions do not make them  fear  and  anxiety ,  if not  with  conditions  is  the cause  of suffering. That is the meaning  of the question: What kind of  negativity  due to  knowledge  is the exception.

b. Defilement  by the except of protection:

Type  disturbing  is the lack of 2nd protection, ie not  careful , lack of  attitude  preserve  that arise  negativity . Also in Business "All Gonorrhea Or",  the Buddha  taught:

" Hey, monks! If monks living without protection with protection of the eye ... the ear ... nose ... tongue ... body and mind, and cankers  devastating  brain temperature  may arise. If monks live with hedge of protection of the eye ... the ear ... nose ... tongue ... body and mind, and  cankers devastating  brain temperature  can not start up ... Hey billion- pretentious! The contraband or  must be made by hedge rid of ".

The content of the texts has led on,  the Buddha  advised the monks  must  have the  attitude  carefully  preserved  for 6 internal units : Eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body, Italy. Why  Buddha  advises  us  to  preserve  them,  advice  that has  excess not because nobody does not  keep  his 6 base? Here, the concept of  keeping  6 apartments that  Buddha  mentioned, with specific characteristics, not bring  meaning  to normal  as  we  understand. Keeping  the eyes do not bring  sense  not to dust in eyes, nor prohibited monks should not look sharp, ear has not heard, the nose may not smell, not the tongue tastes so good , body not touching, not to be  aware of  the law. The meaning  of "preserving" here is the  need to  have the  attitude of  caution when 6  internal units  exposed  to 6  external ceilings  are: 1. Excellent, 2. silent, incense 3-, 4- position, contact 5-, 6 - legal, do not let the 6  foreign ceiling  pull, wrong use, for 6 apartment is the gateway for all  afflictions  appear . For example , when the eyes see the beauty, born about instant  craving  for her identity, her identity is so  tied up  and dragged, he will not be your master, mind easy being  scattered ,  meditation  is not where that is,  intelligence  is not where I got born, is a legal  obstacle to  liberation . Thus,  the Buddha  advised the monks  need to  preserve  the six  internal units , is the  preservation  not to let the mind  craving  arises. Strictly speaking  more, when monks  exposed  what leads to  liberation  , you should  contact , what do  obstacle  Nirvana  liberation  should not be  exposed . Similarly, the ears hear, nose, smell, tongue tastes so good, body feeling  soft hard, the  awareness  of the law also carries  meaning  like. This is what  explains  the generality of  the Buddha , because  the meaning  of the 6  internal units  and 6  foreign ceilings , also known as the land of 12,  including  all measures in  the world . In  the world  there is no law other than 12  categories  , the so  Buddha  said 12 origin,  refers  to all legal.

Derived  from the  meaning of this,  we  can develop,  concretize  problems  to  understandable  more. The concept of "preserving" here, can be understood, it  includes  anything that life  people  should  use  to, as the home is where the  need for  people  in,  we  need to  keep  taking care of it. Can not say: what is the  matter , so he was  very often  dominant , so do whatever one wants, it is damaged or leaking others how it's destroying  ignored . Or say :  we  have refused to treat an illness, because  the body  is  impermanent , this understanding is not properly understood the  spirit of  the teaching of  the Buddha .In fact,  the Buddha  said  impermanence ,  the purpose  of teaching indicate  the nature  of things, the  change  of things is natural ,  people  should not because things  change  which born sadness, something under the law of  nature  that  the attachment  is  suffering . Such as  birth, old age, disease and death  is  the law of  nature  by  humans , when  people  are born, grow up, aging, illness and death is  natural , not because of this change that  birth size . This is not  synonymous with the  attitude  ignored ,  physical  illness does not take medicine, home  nowhere  correct, not cleaning the dirty room. This is the meaning  the word "ephemeral" that  Buddha  mean.

In short ,  meaningful  word protection is  Buddha  mentioned in this business is the six bases of protection, the protection of the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body and  consciousness , because six apartments are 6 gateways to the all the  negativity comes and goes. In other words, the  causes of  what makes the  body and mind  of  our  suffering , we all have to be protected in a  carefully .

c. Defilement  by  life use  the except: 

Type  negativity  third is the lack of "life use", ie the  lack  of  material . According to  the Buddha , in addition to the suffering of the  psychology ,  people  there are suffering in terms of  material , such as  deprivation  of food, clothing, housing,  material  ... Want healing  eradicate the suffering this  need  with  material  to  eliminate , of course, with  the spirit of  "least  indulgence and  sufficient". As in business, "All Gonorrhea Or",  the Buddha  described  as follows:

"Hey, monks! Here, monks like sense of observation,  life used  clothes , just to  prevent  hot air,  preventing  the touch of flies and mosquitoes, reptiles,  conceal  nakedness ...; Its life  things  really do not  have to  have fun  or  passion ... but just to protect  yourself maintenance  possible, prevent disease, help for  lives  of dignity ...; Its life expectancy  is ready (are  widgets to sleep) ... to make  life  in solitude ...; Life used  to cure drug  prevention  sick ... Hey, monks! If you did not  use life  so, the illegal or  destructive,  brain temperature  can arise ... This, monks, the  contraband or  must be done by  life use  the exception. "

Content through  the Buddha  have presented above, 4 living needs  minimum  for a monks live in  the era  of  Buddha  are: 1. Costumes , 2.Vat real, 3. Sieve coordinates are  widgets  sleep Vacation, 4. Pharmaceuticals (medicines to treat diseases).These are 4 types  needed for a live monks  life  of dignity ,  homeless  in the jungle, is the need to live  at least , indispensable for a more monks. If a forest monks live in the mountains but  lack  of demand Caunay, certainly  appeared  the  sorrow anxiety,  influence  is not good, can lead to death for the monks to live  lives  of dignity . Therefore,  the Buddha  said: " If he is not  feeling used  as such,  illegal or  destructive,  brain temperature  may arise ". Of course, the  spirit of  "least  indulgence and  comfort," the  spirit of  expectation is not  outrageous , know enough  moderate , enough to feed itself,  the purpose  is to practice  virtue . Spirit  sufficiency lessening the indulgence  of  the Buddha  is not  based on the  form of  the material  outside the  base on  the  thought  in the mind of  man ,  based on  the purpose of  life and  the circumstances  he's alive. For example, the level of  sufficiency lessening the indulgence  of a king other than the level of  sufficiency lessening the indulgence  of a poor people in  society , that is not  based on the  form of  the material  outside the king with his catch poor people are similar in  form . Likewise, when a  society  changes ,  time  and  space  are different, the level of demand of  the Sangha  is also different, so  we  should not take the 4  conditions  makes  standards ,  apply  common to all  time age , for all unions  Sangha not  together  a  society . We  should understand  the spirit  and  purpose of  the education of  the Buddha  is how to let the monks can be  successful  liberation  of enlightenment  within this life. With  the goal  of this, anything do  obstacles  the path of liberation ,  Buddha  advised monks should stay away from them. Therefore,  we  should  learn  the spirit of  the teaching of the Buddha  rather than learning the  attitude  stereotyped, anonymous  form . We can say the regulations  specifically  only valuable  for those who do not  understand the  spiritual  education  of  the Buddha , it can be broken on the  forms  for those who  understand the  spiritual  education  of he, when  the form  is no longer  consistent  with  reality . 4 demand is the demand to live life to the monks, living  homeless  in the jungle, in at  times  Buddha . The purpose  and  the life  of  the Sangha  in the Buddha  and  purpose  and  life  Sangha  of  society  today  same  purpose  as all hope for  liberating  enlightenment , but differ in  the form  of living , due to  which conditions  of individual life  times  ranging needs  society  is different. Therefore,  we should  adhere to  the spirit of  the education  of  the Buddha , not to  keep  the form .

Through the resources  of a function  or  holy  Nikaya,  we  can see, both of these sources,  the Buddha  advised the monks live in the mountain forests, where the  quiet ,  solitude  meditation  is the duty and  responsibility  of the monks,  the Buddha  is very  rarely told the monks to thonxom, urban to  propagate Buddhism ,  chanting  prayers  for those who do slammed  home requirements . We  can say, the  activities  of  the Sangha  in  the era  Buddha  until  after his  death  around  100 years [42] is a  sangha  practice  of dignity , not as  a student  works as a  Religion . However,  activities  of  the Sangha from  Ashoka (Asoka)  returned  later,  forms  of living  as  a student  practices a  religion . From  the times  this  return  later,  Buddhism rather focusing  propagate Buddhism , do  benefit  beings . This is a particular point of the two phases  of Buddhism 's two times . Therefore, the need  to give birth to  works of  the Sangha  also different. This is the point  we  need to  note .

In summary , the four necessities of life for the monks as: 1.  Costumes , 2.Vat real, 3. Sieve coordinates are  widgets  sleeping, 4. Pharmaceuticals (medicines to cure disease) is the  thing conditions  indispensable for your life, monks live in the mountain forests. Without a need Caunay 4,  afflictions  will  appear . Through the teachings of  the Buddha ,  we  see how  the education  of  the Buddha  are very  practical  and science, does not negate the need to live  reality  of  humans  as food, clothing, housing ... are necessities of life  required of  man , no matter who is  ordained  or  lay  destitute  material  being still defilement ; what kind of  negativity  to this, they have to want to get rid of  the material , not of  spirit . It is  thought  especially in  Sutras  A function  and Nikàya, symbolizing  thought  Buddha  in  Theravada Buddhist .

d. Afflictions  by  endurance  rid: 

According to the analysis of  the Buddha , kind of  negativity  4th is the lack of  patience  that arise  negativity . In the "All Gonorrhea Or" [43], the Buddha  describes  the types of  afflictions  are as follows:

"  Hey, monks! There are monks like sense of observation,  patience  hot cold,  hunger and thirst , the touch of flies and mosquitoes, the heat of  the sun ...  patience  with words to defame,  libel ... This, monks! If he does not  endurance  so, the illegal or  destructive and  brain temperature  can arise ... This, monks! The  contraband or  must be done by  endurance  rid of".

Patience  is the  endurance  or  patience . Here,  the Buddha  refers to the  endurance  is  patience  the hot cold,  hungry , flies, verbal abuse of others ... humiliate. They can be classified into two types of  patience :  Nature  and the relationship  society .What kind of  endurance  comes  from  hunger ,  the weather  hot and cold, rainy, flies and mosquitoes ... belong  naturally , no one can  escape , even if the person  ordained  or  lay , or people are concerned,  people  together  living in a  space , it's hot, then all  people  with hot, cold, all  people  the same cold, does not exclude anybody, especially  the lives  of the monks, living living  homeless , in forests, it's hard  to avoid  the harsh climate of the  weather  in India. Before  situations  like that, only lap endurance  can do  to reduce  the  suffering  of the  psychology  of  human beings ; The second is the  endurance  of the relationship between  humans  and  humans ,  humans  with  society . Experience  life shows, the relationship  man  to  man , between man and  society  is very  complex , it is difficult to avoid offending one another; the same  problem , but with this as well, the other is bad, even husband and wife,  mother , brother ... is the blood, but also very difficult to avoid discord, what collective situations in  society , especially a  society  with  class , not  equality  as  social  India, the  caste  of the owner, of the rich  insulted  insults against  caste  slaves , for they are about  normal . In  the event  , only  the attitude  patience  can do alleviate  the  sorrow  of the  psychological  only. This is  meaningful  advice  about the  endurance  of  the Buddha .

In summary , the  phenomenon  of extreme  natural  allelopathic can not be, or resentment between  people  to  people , people  to  society  is impossible  to avoid ,  have  patience  can  reduce  the suffering in terms of  psychological  life before. 

Hey. Defilement  by avoiding the exception: 

Type  afflictions  Thursday  stems  from the lack of  attitude  careful  of avoiding, by the wish  to eradicate  these kinds of afflictions  have used this  method  to rid avoided. Presenting  the meaning  of this, also in this business,  the Buddha  taught:

"What is the  contraband or  to avoid due to be rid of? This, monks! Here, monks like sense of observation, avoid evil elephants, horses evil, snakes,  thorns , deep hole, mountains, ponds ... the abode should not  stick around , the friends  cruel.. . Hey, monks, if not avoided, monks, the  cankers  devastating  brain temperature  can arise ... "[44]

The content and  meaning  of both the above paragraph,  the Buddha  advised the monks position,  need to  avoid those dangers can happen to you, monks and even to  people . What kind of dangers can not be used this  method  to get rid of the other, such as  chanting ,  Buddhist concept  or lap  endurance  tolerance  that  need to  use  methods  to avoid the exception.For example, when we met a violent madman surcharges, can not analyze the arguments of right and wrong, and can not take the  theory  of causality  to  teaching  them, in  case  this  measure  is the avoidance optimization ; when we see bad dogs, a war zone,  attitude wise,  the method  is most effective  we  should stay away from dangerous places that can not use the argument  or any  method  other to avoid away from this danger.

Through this teaching,  we  can see, the teachings of  the Buddha  are very  practical  and science, not hemang calculated mystical  or subliminal that  people  can not understand, do not  implement  it. Method of  settlement  of  the Buddha  is based causes  of the arising of  afflictions  that made an  approach  specific  to  solve . Such is  the spirit of  education  and  methods of  education  of  the Buddha  in the  classic  Theravada .

F. Defilement  by  disturbing  the exception: 

Type  afflictions  6 is by no  eradication . The meaning  of this is  the Buddha  presented in  trading All Gonorrhea Or [45] as follows:

"What are the  cankers  caused by  eradication  are the exception? This, monks! Here the sense of monks as police  refuse  to receive education concept ...  anger ... bad idea ... the evil  unwholesome  arises approach, should  give up , cessation of them. This, monks, if he does not  eradicate  such, the  cankers  devastating  brain temperature  can arise ... "

Here,  the meaning  of "eradication", the  Buddha  advised the monks  need to  eradicate the roots of the hearts  of greed , hatred ,  ignorance  and all things evil  immoral , because they are the  cause of  departure  suffering birth  pains for  life  man .These types of  afflictions  belong  psychological  not  physical , want to  eradicate  them to  eradicate  from the mind  of, by lighting  the lamp  wisdom . It is the  method  to eradicate  the  causes of  birth  negativity , and when they are  eradicated , people  new  to terminate  this kind of suffering. 

g. Defilement  by  practicing  the exception: 

Type  negativity  Saturday are the kind  negativity  by not  practicing  that arise. As in business, "All Gonorrhea Or" [46],  the Buddha presented:

"Hey, monks! How are  contraband or  must be  practiced  to be rid of? This, monks! Here, monks like sense of police  practice enlightenment concept ...  trạch legal enlightenment ...  diligent enlightenment ...  rapture enlightenment ...  equanimity enlightenment factor ... the sense  chi .. .  exhaust enlightenment , y  renunciation , medical  detachment , y  annihilation , towards  abandon . This, monks! if he does not  practice  this, the  contraband or  the devastating  brain temperature  may arise " .

Here,  the Buddha  advised the monks should  cultivate  the seven factors of enlightenment , they are: 1.  Mindfulness Enlightenment , 2-  Trach enlightenment approach , 3.  Effort enlightenment , 4-  Hy enlightenment , 5.  Contempt security enlightenment , 6- Concentration  enlightenment  and spending 7- Xagiac. Thanks to  practice  seven enlightenment  is that monks consciousness  glass bibs  for  six ceiling  (seeing, hearing, smell, taste, touch and legal), because he clearly  made minister  of  six ceiling  is  dependent arising , is  impermanent , so no law was wrecked before in June, thanks to  the attitude bibs cups  of mind that he does not  arise  pleased  greed and  abandon  them.

1.  Mindfulness Enlightenment  : As always  conscious  thought to remember the  Buddha  law.

2.  Investigation of the Enlightenment :  Is the  wisdom  of the  choice . Attitude  option  has two  meanings : one is  the choice method  of practice ,  appropriate  to the  radical  level  her; The second is during  Buddha  have many  systems  of philosophy, there are many  religions advocate  practice  , each  religion  have said that  the teachings  of the righteous, and the others are wrong. In  the case of  this, a person who wants  to achieve  the purpose of  the true  sense salvage  treatment, he must be mentally  sharp , mind  lucid ,  distinction  between good and evil, then  choose  practices  appropriate  to their , and able to navigate to  the purpose of liberating  nirvana , which is  the reason  why  Buddha  advises a  Buddhist practitioner  must have the attitude  selection .

3.  Effort enlightenment : After  choosing  disciplines  practiced  complete,  efforts  to practice  the disciplines  it.

4.  Hy enlightenment :  Is  attitude  cheerful  joy  in  practicing  the teachings  of  the Buddha ,  the status  of this joy only  appear after the  scout law  and  enlightenment effort .

5.  enlightenment factor of calm :  As  the state  's soft  body ,  comfortable  in  spirit .

6. Concentration  enlightenment :  Is the  awakening  in  meditation  to.

7.  Drain Enlightenment : A detachment  attachment , it  stems  from  ignorance , let go of the  prejudices  or  preconceptions. Status  of this discharge is  derived  from location  wise, are  steering  by  wisdom , not  derived  from the  senseless , because monks after  meditating  on,  intelligence  is thus  arises , perhaps it is  reasonable so  why in the course of  practicing  seven enlightenment ,  enlightenment Conditioner  is ranked  last . Thus the word "Discharge" here, it has always been  associated with  this process, meant to be  completed  6 forelimbs, then  Drain enlightenment  new  appears , can not have  cases  not or not yet  practiced  six  enlightenment  started only  practice  Discharge enlightenment . If  crazy  practice  as such,  the meaning of the  attitude  of this discharge,  synonymous with the  attitude  of those who discharge  no mind , because it takes no intellectual  foundation,  directing  the  compassion  petal .

Thus,  the seven enlightenment  is a process  practiced  by a person from the  ordinary  to the saint, he  must undergo  and practice  each stage, to eliminate suffering,  to achieve the goal of enlightenment liberation . This is  the meaning  of the practice  of  Theravada Buddhist .END=NAM MO CAKYA MOUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY=THICH CHAN TANH.THE MIND OF ENLIGHTENMENT.WORLD VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST ORDER=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=GOLDEN LOTUS MONASTERY=AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.19/2/2017.