chapter II

Satipatthana 
(Satipatthana)

D him from  satipatthàna  is defined as follows:

Bhusam titthati'ti patthanam; eva patthanam satipatthanam sati.

Which means: something is solidly established, firmly imposed, on the "mindfulness", the foundation of the concept; sophisticated "mindful" on its own is a mindfulness so.

There are four foundations of mindfulness:

1.  Kayanupassana-satipatthàna  (Body Shop mindfulness),
2.  Vedananupassana-satipatthàna  (Tho Quan mindfulness)
3.  Cittanupassana-satipatthàna  (Tam Quan mindfulness),
4.  Dhammanupassana-satipatthàna  (France Mindfulness Parish).

1.  Kayanupassana-satipatthàna , body shop or mindfulness, briefly called Mindfulness Body, is the permanent mindful imposed on the phenomenon of the body, such as in-breath and out-breath.

2.  Vedananupassana-satipatthàna , Tho Quan mindfulness, mindfulness calls Tho brief, is the permanent mindful imposed on those feelings.

3.  Cittanupassana-satipatthàna , Tam Quan mindfulness, briefly called Mindfulness Center, is the permanent mindful imposed on those thoughts or mental processes, such as thoughts conjugated or not conjugated with aspirations.

4.  Dhammanupassana-satipatthàna , French Restaurant and mindfulness, briefly called Mindfulness France, is the permanent mindful imposed on phenomena such as mental obstacles (nivaranas, legal hindrances) etc ..

In the four foundations of mindfulness if mindfulness, or attention notes, are solidly imposed on part of the body, such as out-breath and in-breath, for example, it implies that attention was be firmly established in all. So because we were able to put the focus on where in the body regardless.

"Firmly established" means that if you want to put the focus on out-breath and in-breath at a time, we can rest the mind firmly on his breath all the time. If you want to keep your mind dwell on the breath for two hours, we can keep the mind firmly imposed on the breath for two hours. No time left mindfulness because chi meditation title Range ( Vitakka ) solid instability.

Want more details on  satipatthàna , see  "Satipatthana Sutta" , the translation of "The Wheel" Commentary No. 18. Also read sutras in "The Way of Mindfulness", translation Soma Thera (Buddhist Publication Society, Kandy ).

Why should I remain a solid concentration and solidification imposed on topics such as vapor-breathing-out and in-breath, not with documents? Is because we need to concentrate to watch and record control method ( viňňāna ) [2], which is rapidly flying and drift; an uncertainty from the distant past inconceivable, in samsara ( round of rebirths ) endless.

Master please speak more clearly. The mind has the habit to roam from one end to the other end around six sensual back and forth, starting at six bases. [3]

Master cite one example, as is the case this guy insane, unable to control his mind. Chi to mealtime he did not remember which street idle keep on wandering here and there, the parents have to find, call to eat. Then after eating five or six pieces, he overturned the cup back, leave, do not finish meals. He dementia to such a degree. Eating well does not know whether it's used. When the talk he also could not finish a full sentence. Preface forget tail, was arrested this story to other stories. And the first, middle and last part of a sentence does not fit together. Said no one understands. He can not do anything useful in this world, and nobody knows what he wants. He could not finish a job. Such people can not be considered a human being in sight, nor live.

Insane guy he can return to normal, consistent with the spirit of the event, if he meets a psychiatric physician talented, he healed with rigorous methods. To be treated like that, he can gradually return to normal life, to be able to eat meals belly. In other work everyday he could control the mind and finished to place to place, talking coherently before there later anyway. That is one example.

In this world there are people normal, stable mental condition, but like the guy insane, can not control the mind while sitting in meditation, Zen calm ( samatha ) and insight meditation ( vipassana ). Just like the other insane guy can not eat a full meal, but leave after grim years of six pieces, normal people have this mind in meditation is to sit idle mind seaweed here and there because I could not control it.Whenever Buddhist ceremony and contemplation of the noble qualities of the Buddha he could not concentrating on his noble qualities that the discursive mind flying out this idea to other ideas and can not read a Jewels verse offerings, such as  "Iti 'pi so ..." , the Blessed Behavioral really like this ... "

Like the deceased hydrophobia (fear of water), dry lips to dry thirsty throat, but when seen in the distance a cooling pond, the water ran away scared. As well as a sick back but to use food to medicine to treat the mouth and you feel bitter to swallow, to spray spit out. Likewise, there are those who find themselves unable to practice mindfulness of the holy red list of the Buddha, a spiritual experience.They can not keep your mind dwell on the object. When you start reading  "Iti 'pi than"  the mind wanders and interruption, and if the starting back, each time interrupted, he never read to the end of prayer, despite reading all day, both months or even years. He now tries to memorize each piece, and thus can read by the end of prayer, although the mind wanders.

Likewise, in those days presented ( uposatha , Bodhisattva), there are plans to find your quiet place for contemplation quiet thirty-two parts of the body such as  Kesa  (hair),  Loma  (feather), etc .. or pink name of the Buddha, but ultimately meet friends, have fun chat, forget the intention of reciting.Coming to the temple, at people with common prayers, despite trying to focus calm recitation of brahma-vihara  (four boundless) [4], as the formula sprayed  Metta  (loving-kindness), but because no control mind control, mental wandering, these thoughts came flying quartet's uncertainty and ultimately form only superficial recitation, reading prayers that other place where the mind.

Then many cases that show how many people enough, though normal, but life is like the guy insane during karma,  kusala kamma , moral roots planted blessed.

"Papasmim ramate mano" - Tam delight in evil methods.
(Dhammapada, Dhammapada, verse 116)

Like the nature of water is flowing from the top down, the mind of a human being is the same, naturally evil approach nearer. It is the natural tendency of the mind.

Teacher tells another story to compare examples of people can not control the guy insane mind.

On a fast flowing river, with the other merchant boat loaded with precious goods but not fluent job of punting, or steer. He downstream, the river flows through the mountain wilderness along no marinas, no convenient spot to pair boat. And so he continued to constantly floating in the water. Night came, the boat passed through the villages, towns, and places with a wharf for boat parking, but because of the darkness he could not see, should continue to drift boat through without stopping dock. Then the day came, the boat drifted across areas where urban streets, but because not grasp the steering wheel, he could not guide the boat to the dock and the boat must continue to drift, slowly out to sea, between the immense sea .

Around the reincarnation of lives ( round of rebirths ) long-standing infinitum is like rivers and fast-flowing water. These beings have no control over the mind is like a merchant sail without knowing paddle or steer the boat. The mind is like a boat. Beings drifter in the flood waters of existence, all this life to another life, cycles through the earth  "Sunna"  no Dharma of the Buddha is like the merchant ships pass through the desolate mountains or place pairs no boat berths. Sometimes those beings are born into this world cycle with the Teachings of the Buddha ( Buddha Sasana ) spread and prosper, but did not know because misfortune to be reborn into one of the eight cases of unfavorable benefit (atthakkhanas ) [5], as the boat drifted merchants across the village streets or boat berths for boats parked there, but because of the dark, he did not know. Until then, in other times as human beings, as gods or gods Brahma ( devas or Brahmas ) in the period with the Dhamma of the Buddha ( Buddha Sasana ) but can not attain the Paths and the Fruits ( magga and phala ) can not control because not enough attention and diligent effort to practice  vipassanà  (vipassana), practice  satipatthàna (Satipatthana), so still have to continue to drift in samsara ( round of rebirths ). Those beings just as the merchant saw the streets, villages and water berths for boats parked, but could not guide his boat to shore because they can not control the rudder and the like continue to be water flood pulled away the immense sea. Through countless existence as much as the sand on the banks of the Ganga (Ganges) in the cycle of persistent, those who were freed from the miseries of life are those who have control of your mind and have concentrating afford to remain on the object selected practice as you wish, and through the practice of the Four Foundations of Mindfulness,  Satipatthāna.

It clearly shows a tendency to drift in around the existence of these beings do not practice satipatthàna,  four foundations of mindfulness, despite knowing that he could not control the mind while practicing meditation calm and insight ( samatha and vipassanà) .

We can take the example of people trained heifer let it pull plows or tow, or king elephant trained to use or used in the time of war.

Bull case. First to enter the pack and used it in the barn, then pierced rivulet, which pierced through their nose rope rivulet cows and tied the line to a pillar. Then rivulet control wires do it according to their own familiar. How to practice until the cows mature enough to be able to hang the yoke, for it sled or plowing. Up until then the new cow can be ready for use or sale. It is the example of people trained heifer.

In this parable, the interests and the success of the training depends on the situation beef cattle can be effectively used in the work of plowing towing or not, after being trained, even so true benefits the cultivators of the Buddha, lay or monk, living in the Teachings of the Buddha have current, depending where meticulous cultivation in quiet meditation and mindfulness meditation ( samatha and vipassanà).

In the teachings of the Buddha, the current (present  Buddha Sasana ), the practice of sex ( sila visuddhi ) in legal practice like cows, cattle herds and collective enter it used to living in shelters.

Like the bull, otherwise enter and live in the barn would swarm out stirring, and perverted crops or property of others, and that is the responsibility of the owner of the bull, even so people will not lack About Pure clean Industry preserve triangle [6], so will meet the unfortunate situation in life and will reap the bad results in the future, such as Dharma teaching.

Try to cultivate  kàyagatà satipatthàna  [7], the land of contemplation itself, like rope pierced through the nose cow rivulet, and after the tie rivulet on pillars, cow train drivers obey his commands. Like the cow was tied to the office must abide by the commandment, the owners do, to do the will of the owner, can not run chaos, even so, when the body was tied by rope  satipatthàna  (quad mindfulness), not heart disorders that have to be run on whatever dwells somewhere that employers want. Stir habits and distractions of mind fleeing from ancient times in the cycle inconceivable, now settled, becoming calm.

Practice  samatha  (tranquil meditation) and  vipassana  (insight meditation) that had no concept of the body as well as the owner of the car or cattle guard on the yoke yoke oxen plowing a rivulet not been pierced. He will not handle cattle as desired. Because cows are wild and because no rivulet to control, it will run wild disorder and misses out of the way or break the yoke firmly to escape.

On the other hand, people who have cultivated to control and settle the mind by means of Body Contemplation before facing quiet meditation and insight ( samatha and vipassanà ), the mind easily dwells, and he will succeed.

In the case of elephant training, we must first bring the wild elephant out of the forest, leading to a large land area where elephants used exclusively to train permanent fences, columns, and columns into the elephants definitely a safe place, keep it until it is mature discipline, become quiet and no longer a wild rampage. Then people began training elephants jobs that will be done to the king. Up until then the new elephant becomes useful, viable new use in the different parts of the country, and in the national battlefield when the property.

Realm of earthly pleasures like forest where wild elephants delight of it. Teachings of the Buddha (Buddha Sasana ) is like a spacious land that people put on to train elephants. Forest Elephants like mind. Faith ( saddhà ) and desire ( chanda ) in the Dhamma ( sàsana-dhamma ) like elephants need to be practicing that one common bond with the elephant was trained, and bring it outdoors in a land wide. About Pure ( sila visuddhi ), ie chastity world, is the fence surrounding fortified place elephants column. The physical body or the body as part of out-breath and in-breath like solid pillars inside that elephant was tied to fence. France Body Contemplation ( kàyagatà-sati ) [8] like the rope that elephant in the universe. The training prepares elephant projects like the practice, prepare to quiet meditation and mindfulness meditation ( samatha and vipassanà ). Elaborately meditation, silence or insight, is the performance of different jobs such as infantry, military exercises or aggressively on the battlefield.

Other examples can now be realized easily.

Thus, Master pointed out examples lunatic, without knowing boaters steer his boat, the bull train, and train elephants. These are the essential points of Body Contemplation in traditions that view is the beginning of meditation elaborately stage sex ( sila visuddhi ) or more, in the teachings of all the Buddhas have manifested in the cycle nagging from the distant past inconceivable.

Meaning main oil-breath concept and in-breath, or anniversary  iriyapatha  (four postures - walking, standing, sitting, lying) with  Sampajanna is the self  (mind is awake, clearly understanding) or by dhātu-manasikara  (concentration which four elements), or by  atthika-Sanna  (bone anniversary), we must put forth effort to gather achieve the ability to focus on yourself and be mindful of their four postures as long as are, all day and all night except sleep, and therefore firmly controlled his mind.Doing so we get rid of the unfortunate state of dementia. Now I like the boat had mastered the wheel, or the owner of a cow was trained master, or the king is treated like an elephant had been applied for and tame.

There are many types and many levels to master your own mind. In the teachings of the Buddha (Buddha Sasana ), the practice of mindful Body Contemplation fully is a first stage on the road leading to the ability to master your mind steady.

The yogi does not want to follow the path  samatha  (calm) but to follow the path of pure insight  (pure vipassanà ), ie the path of sukha vipassaka position [9], should go straight into  vipassanà  after patient successful attempt of Body Contemplation.

If these persons do not want to separate the Executive Body Contemplation which take force assiduous practice insight so that he can include always being mindful of body,  kàyagatà-sati , then you can be successful, if they have enough diligent and intellectuals Property. France Body Contemplation (kàyagatà-sati ) associated with Wisdom Birth Kills ( udayabbaya-nana ), clearly shows the status arising and passing away of the psycho-physical, is very important indeed.

According to the method of operating calm ( samatha ), by concept-breath and out-breath of mindful Body Contemplation on, we can progress reached  catuttha Jhàna rupavacara charity Lust, Caution;by casting  Vanna manasikara  [10], thirty-two parts of the body such as  Kesa  (hair),  Loma (feather), etc .. we can attain all eight floors Meditation,  samapattis  [11], and by operating patikkula manasikara  [12] and of mindful Body Contemplation, meditation can be attained Admin. If during meditation, developing insight ( vipassana ) one can also attain the Paths and the Fruits.

Oil does not fully succeed in the practice of stillness and insight ( samatha  and  vipassanà ) that refer to the control center and be able to keep your mind dwell on the object, the Buddha taught, people like that can be considered was the delight of the flavor of  Nibbana amatta  [13].

"Amatam TESAM paribhuttam, yesam kàyagatà paribhutta sati."  [14]

"Those who delight in mindful Body Contemplation ( kàyagatà-sati ) happily states Deathless Delight (Nirvana)."

Here noun  Amata  - to only Nirvana - that is the state of mind peaceful and calm. [15]

In the initial state, the mind is perturbed and instability when we want intently on the object. Thus the primitive nature of the mind is arid and hot-tempered. Like the worm in chillies, unaware to the heat of peppers, human craving nature ( tanhà ) did not hear the heat of desire, whose hateful temperament egotistical and do not feel the heat of anger and conceit, even so being unaware to the heat of a mind stirred. Only when, due to the practice of mindful Body Contemplation,  kàyagatà-sati , stampede mentality termination are we aware of the temperature of the unrest. Forums advances reach a state of mind vanish stir fear I will know that the heat of recurrent heart. Where people have success stories or stories Zen Admin Tue Birth Kills ( udayabbaya nana ) through the practice of mindfulness Body (kàyagatà-satipatthàna ), we do not need to display more verbose.

From here, the more successful the more subliminal level increasingly difficult to find yourself separated from the legal order  kàyagatà-sati  (mindfulness Body). The Aryans ( ariya puggalas ) application of four foundations of mindfulness ( satipatthàna ) to nurture spirituality until enter Nirvana ( parinibbana ).

To succeed ability to keep your mind dwell on one part of the body, such as out-breath and the breath-in, for example, may need to take 7 days or 15 days, or a month, 2 months, 3 months or 4 months or 5 months, 6 months or a year, 2 years, or four years, depending on the severity forth effort of each individual.

About practices mindfulness-breath and out-breath in, should read the book " anapana Dipani " [16].

There are many books on the practice of the thirty-second anniversary of the body part. In this practice,  Kesa (hair),  Loma  (feather),  Nakha  (manicure, pedicure),  danta  (teeth),  taco  (skin) is considered  TACA pancaka  (group of five parts of the body, ending with taco) . If the firm can remain interested in his point elaborately Body Contemplation (kàyagatà-sati) was accomplished fullness.

About mindfulness  catu dhātu vavatthana  (Separation four elements),  rupa vipassanà (contemplation of physical phenomena, ie the material), and  nama-vipassanà  (contemplation of spiritual phenomena, nomenclature), see book  "Lakkhana Dipani", "Vijjà-magga Dipani", "ahara Dipani" , and  "No-soul Dipani"  Teacher.

* * *

Here ends the legal section briefly explains  bhàvanà kàyagatà-sati , mindfulness Body Shop, which is one of four measures "Four Foundations of Mindfulness," legal and which ones are in Class  Neyya and Padaparama  need to solidly master in mental work ( bhavana ), aims to attain the Paths and the Fruits of the Teachings of the Buddha. END=NAM MO CAKYA MOUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY=THICH CHAN TANH.THE MIND OF ENLIGHTENMENT.WORLD VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST ORDER=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=GOLDEN LOTUS MONASTERY=AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.2/12/2016.