Chapter One.

THAI BUDDHIST SPIRITUAL RESOLUTION.

Among the founders of the religion, Buddha (if we can call Him is the founder of a religion in the conventional sense of the word) is the unique Masters was not claiming to be nothing more than a human, just a man. The Pope and others or is God, or the divine incarnation in different forms, or divine revelation. The Buddha not only a man, He still is a human himself was not a revelation from any one deity or other powers. He claims all He done was, reach and fulfill, are entirely due to human intelligence and effort. Only humans can become Buddhas. Everyone has the ability to become Buddha if they wish and efforts. We can call the Buddha is a great Man. He too full in "humanity" of him that later, in the religion of the masses, He was viewed as a "Superman".

According to Buddhism, the human plight. People do it yourself home alone, no one entity or any higher power could decide the fate of it. The Buddha teaches:

"He Himself is a refuge for us, who else can do helpless?" [1]

He advised his disciples take "refuge where myself," should never seek refuge or the help of anyone else[2]. You teach, encourage and cheer every self opening and search freedom for themselves, because of the inherent human capacity for self freed all bound by the wisdom and efforts of yourself. The Buddha said: "The Germans As Lai[3] teaching legitimacy, but you must do your job." [4] If the Buddha is called a "Savior", just because he has sought out and only the road to liberation, Nirvana. But we, we have to step over the line.

Because of this personal responsibility principle that the Buddha for disciples of complete freedom. In the Mahàparinibhàna (Bat out of Nirvana), the Buddha taught Him never to think herself controls Increase (Sangha)[5] and he also does not want this Union depending on Him. He taught that in his teachings, no paranormal theory, there is nothing secret in "German fist of Ethics Counsel" (àcariyamutthi), or in other words, He doesn't hide anything in the sleeves. [6]

In the history of religions, people do not see any other religion there is freedom of thought as Buddhism. This freedom really necessary, because according to the Buddha, the liberation of people depending on your users receive the truth, not to the grace of a God or an external powers would reward servitude.

Once, the Buddha visited Kālāmas people in a small city of Kesaputta during the Kingdom of Kosala. When listening to the Buddha, who came to visit Him and Kàlàmas:

"White Germany World Religion, there are many hermit and la to visit Kesaputta. They lecture and unravel his theories, but scorn, denounced the ban, the theories of others. And then there are the hermits and Brahmin also just lecture and clarify their own theories, scorn, condemn and defame the theories of others. But the White World, on our part, we are always skeptical and puzzled, not knowing which one of the hermits and Brahmin accommodates her glass said true, who says sexual harassment. "

Then the Buddha has given them a unique tips as follows:

"Ask the people of Kālamas, you're skeptical, puzzled because her problem is a must, very suspicious. Asked Kàlamas people, don't be lured by the art back, or by tradition, or by rumors. You're not going to be walking by the authority, or by the logical reasoning, or by the superficially plausible, or by thinking about the fun perspective, or by what seems useful, or by the thought: "this is the master." But ask Kālamas, when you yourself know something is real friendly, wrong, bad, then take the end to leave ... and when you yourself know what one is, well, then let's accept, going by. " [7]

The Buddha also goes further. He said the Bhikkhu stilts that a disciple need to guess even Germany As Lai (the Buddha), to be absolutely sure of the value of teachers that I'm under. [8]

According to the teachings of the Buddha, (vicikichā) is one of the five hindrances (nivarana, one of the five)[9], obstacles to understanding truth v for spiritual progress (or for any progress whatsoever). However, doubt is not a "sin", because in Buddhism does not have the "dogma". Result, in Buddhism there is no "sin" in "sin" in several religions. Roots of all evil is ignorance (Avijjà) and TA (micchà ditthi). One indisputable thing is how long is still skeptical, puzzled, hesitated, then no progress. Also indisputable is that skepticism cannot be avoided when that people don't understand, clearly. But so far, the absolute need to depart skeptical. To skeptics, we need to see clearly.

The problem is not that we should not skeptical or should believe. Just say "I believe", it doesn't mean you have to understand and clearly. When students solve a problem to stage do not know how to continue, it will fall on skeptical and confused. If still skeptical, y can not go, so need to end. There are many ways to solve; but not just to say "I believe" or "I don't" facilities that solve problems. Manually forcing myself to trust and accept one thing I don't understand, is a political attitude, not intellectual or spiritual attitude.

The Buddha always ban skeptical. Both came when he was dying, few minutes before Chen left, He also repeatedly told the disciples to ask carefully if still skeptical about his teachings, so don't regret because can not solve most of the questions. But the disciples were silent.

Then the Buddha taught a very touching: "If because of Such respected Lai that you dare not ask what, then each person tell you know" (meaning each person please thanks you ask them for yourself what questions). [10]

Not only the freedom of thought, but also to the clemency of the Buddha, has made the history of religious studies. A life of excuses in the Nàlandà, a rich and prominent Priority name-she-li (Upàli), a disciple at the name of the Ni-Hopea-death (Nigantha-Nàtaputta) in the States of Mahàvìra, Jaina na was Mahàvìra the election to meet the Buddha to argue and uncle a few points in the theory of Karma, because the Buddha's views on this matter differ from the perspective of Mahàvìra[11]. Contrary to expectations, Upàli after the debate must accept that the views of the Buddha is right and wrong his master's perspective. So he asks the Buddha himself made a disciple in the household (Upàsaka, favor-she-rule). But the Buddha told him to think again, and do not rush, because of "the judgment very carefully distinguished people such as well for him." When Upàli to repeat those pleas, the Buddha advised him to keep respect and support of his old masters as before[12] .

In the third century before Christ, the Buddhist Emperor of India's Sex A, follow virtues and noble sympathy he has respect and enforce the lifting of all religions in the empire grew wider. In a statement the Emperor's head carved on a stone to date we still read:

"People should not only respect their own religion and the religious practitioner article by others, which must respect the other guys because of religious reasons or other reasons. How can we make his religious development and help other religion. If not, we have grave buried his religion itself, and also harm other religions. Guys would just respect his ngưỏng credit and ban the other ngưỏng, they did so because of the devotion of his own ngưỏng credits, thought: "I will honour my religion". But on the contrary, when do they hurt his religion seriously. By the Hoa Hao is nice: people should listen, and in good faith hear the theory that others proposed. " [13]

Here, I should also add that the spirit of understanding today's sympathy should be applied, not only in matters of religious theory, but also in the other realm.

The spirit of forgiving sympathy from initial has been one of the most popular ideas in the culture and Buddhist civilization. The 2500-year history in evangelization, Buddhism was Asian, and currently has over 500 million adherents. Violence, in any form, any arguments, also are absolutely opposed to the Buddha's teachings.

People often ask: Buddhism is a religion or a philosophy? Call it whatever, it doesn't matter, Buddhism is Buddhism, though still you paste up that brand. The label is dependent. Even Buddhist marks that we put to the Buddha's teachings nor those ties. The name that we give to Buddhism is not essential.

What's in a verb?
She's from perfume rose despite the name.

Also, the truth does not need labels, it is not Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, or Islam. The truth is no one's monopoly. The sectarian label is an obstacle to understanding the truth one way in, and they give rise to prejudice in the disastrous human thought.

This is true not only in the intellectual and spiritual matters, but also in the communication between people. For example, when we meet someone, we don't look at them as a human being, that we put to them a mark as England, France, Germany, Usa or Jews, and consider the people with all the prejudice comes with her trademark in mind. But he may be completely beyond those attributes that we assign to them.

Human capital-preferred these brands differentiate, so they put all these brands up on the virtues and emotions that everyone has. They speak to the "type" of different charity, Caritas, for example: Buddhism and Christianity, Family love and disdain the love of other brands. But please don't be in love, it is not God, Buddha, or Feedback. Love of a mother for not Buddha or God is love is mother.: The virtues and human emotions such as love, love, compassion, mercy, patience, friendship, desire, hatred, lazy late, foolish, etc. not need these brands, they do not belong to a religion at all.

For people who go in search of the truth, a thought do not come from the relationship. The origin and the development of a thought is matter of scholars. Thus, to understand the truth, we don't need to even to teachings from Buddha or from someone else. There are clearly problems, understand it. There is an important story in Central (Majjhima-nikàya) (No. 140) sheds light on this.

One day, the Buddha stayed the night in a pottery factory. Also in a yard, the young hermit there before Him[14]. They don't know each other. The Buddha observed the hermit and told myself: "this young man has the gestures. We should ask about this person. " By the Buddha asked him: "ask qifu gangui singer[15], the name of one that you have abandoned your family? Who is your teacher? You like your theory? "

Young guy responded: "Oh, you have Limited line talks recluse Like ca, abandoned the family to become a hermit. It is rumored that there was an Arahant (A-la-Han), a full rank. Key in the name of holy man that I've become a hermit. Who is my Teacher, and I like the theory of the people. "

So shalt holy man he, the A-la-Han, he's feeling now?

-In the parishes to the North, asked you, there is a town called Sàvatthi (Dormitories). This is the main place where Christ World Religion, the A-la-Han, all sensations are in.

-You have had when seeing him yet, World Religion? If met, you will recognize the person or not?

-I have never seen Germany World Religion. If met, I will also not do recognize.

The Buddha realized that the name itself that this strange young man who has abandoned his family and become a qifu gangui. But still not to reveal the concrete area of. He said:

-Ask qifu mumo, I will teach you the theory. Pay attention to listen to. I would say.

-Sir, you say. Young people approve.

Then the Buddha teach the youth a special theory of truth (which we will present the essential points of weakness on)[16] .

Only after listening to Mr. sermon complete, the hermit Pukkusàti new name recognizes that people say to themselves is the Buddha. He bowed low her foot, Professor of ethics and German apologies for not knowing that he is called "you"[17]. And then he asks the Buddha about communication and getting yourself into mass Increase.

The Buddha asked him had medicine, Bowl-ready (a bhikkhu-Bhikkhu stilts-must have 3 y and 1 custard to qifu gangui food). When Pukkusàti answered no, the Buddha taught that the Germany As Lai (Tathàgatas) will not sign the life for a person if they are not available, the bowl. By Pukkusàti go find y and bowls, but unfortunately along the road he was bull died[18] .

Later when she's sad news to the Buddha, He told his disciples that the Pukkusàti was a holy man who has found the truth and has reached the stage near the end on the road performing Nirvana, and is reborn into another realm, in that he will become an A-la-Han[19] and eventually die to not ever have to return to this world. [20]

Through the story on we clearly see that when Pukkusàti to listen to the Buddha and his teachings are leaders, he does not know who is talking to who you are, or that of anyone. He found the truth. If the drug or the disease will heal. Not necessary to know who should do the time, or where.

Most all religions were set on faith – rather, blind faith-but the Buddhist emphasis on the "notice", understand, comprehend, not on faith. In the Buddhist literature texts have the noun Saddhà (Skt. Sraddhà) are usually translated as faith, trust. But saddhà is not a "faith" in the conventional sense, but rather it is "credit", generated by the. In Buddhism and budget both in common usage where the texts, we must recognize the noun "saddhā" has a meaning of "faith" part when it was teaching the come up on the Buddha (Dhamma) and French (Sangha, mass Increases).

According to Asanga, the great philosopher of the fourth century Buddhist studies, "credit" has three aspects:

1) sure trust and integrity about something.
2) elegant pleasure about these virtues.
3) The ambition or the desire to fulfill a purpose. [21]

Though understand how faith in the sense that the majority religion has very little relation with Buddhism.[22]

Faith issues arise when there is no clearly- seen with every sense. As we clearly see, the faith issue to disappear. If I told you that I had a hand in the Pearl, the trust issues set out for you to see the Pearl. But if I open the holding hands and just give you the stone, you see, the issue of trust is no longer set out again. By the old economy in the sentence: "get to know as people see a gem in the Palm of the hand."

A disciple of the Buddha named Musìla told a priest: "you Savittha, don't need faith[23], trust preferred, no cult or biased, does not need to hear stories or legends, no need to guess the superficial arguments, do not need fun in our thinking about the concept I know and see that the cessation of samsara is Nirvana. " [24]

And the Buddha taught: "ask the Teacher Bhikkhu on stilts, we say that the eradication of the bad things away, impure essential in order for a person to have seen and know, not to someone who does not see and does not know." [25]

The problem always is to know and see and not to be believed. The doctrine of the Buddha called the ehi-passika, invites you to "come to see", rather than to believe.

In the articles, the word is always used to refer to people who have food poisoning is truth "label France (French: dhamma-eye cakkhu), no dust and no grimy, has arisen:" Who would have seen the truth, have entered into the truth, has overcome skeptics, he no longer hesitated. With true wisdom, he saw as the truth (yathà bhùtam) "[26]. The enlightenment of the Buddha, you teach: "the eyes arose, arose, arose award, the light has arisen"[27]. Always there is the notice through the mind or wisdom (nàna-dassana), rather than believing through faith.

This increasingly popular was lauded at the time that Brahmin Orthodox tenets required to trust and accept their authority and tradition as the sole truth. One day, a group of distinguished scholarly Brahmin to Buddha and a very long debate with Him. A person in the US, a Brahmin youth of sixteen years the name Kàpathika, are all considered outstanding intelligence, has asked the Buddha[28] :

-Ladies in Germany Having talks, there is the Bible of those Brahmin victories continuously through a transmission business. On the trading post, who la had this absolute conclusion: "this is the only truth, and everything else is wrong." So Germany Having talks will say something about that?

The Buddha asked:

-Of the Brahmin, Brahmin someone would declare himself knew and found that "this is the only truth, everything else is wrong?"

Real teens who would rather answer:

-No.

-Then, a teacher, or a teacher of the teachers in those times back to la on Saturday, or to any person in any of the first author of the classics, he has stated that he knows and see: "this is the only truth , all things are wrong? "

-No.

-Then they are like a chain connecting the tail, blind people who can't see, the first between the last and also do not see nor feel. The status of those scenarios seems Brahmin case of status like a blind.

Then the Buddha for the Brahmin group a tips extremely important: "a mind to preserve truth should not come to the conclusion:" this is the only truth, and all the other things are wrong. "

When the adolescent Brahmin asked Him to explain how meaning is "preserving the truth", the Buddha teaches:

"What one believes. If y said: "this is my faith," how y has kept possible truth. But y can not go to absolute conclusion: "this is the only truth, and all the others are wrong." In other words a person can believe what is arbitrary, and can say "I believe this". So is the true respect of health. But y should not because that's the confidence that says only what's new medical is the truth, and all the others are wrong. "

The Buddha said: "a what (a point) and the scorn of other things (the other viewpoint) viewed as inferior ranks of fake call locations-there is a shackles." [29]

One day the Buddha teaching[30] for disciples of the theory of causation, and they actually have seen and understood that. The Buddha taught sailings:

"Ask the Bhikkhu stilts, even then, the concept of transparency and clarity, but if you hang on to it, if you liked it, you if you keep it, if the he bound with it, so he did not understand that just as a raft, used to cross the River, not to hug hold." [31]

In a different place, the Buddha preaching metaphor of this reputation, in the Catechism as a raft to cross the River, but not to hold and carry on his back.

"Ask the Bhikkhu stilts, a person traveling, to a broad river span. This side is very dangerous, but the other side then an okay and no dangers. Don't have a boat to cross the other side of the River, also does not have a bridge to go through. He told myself: "real wide rivers, this side is full of danger, but the other side, the security right is not dangerous. No boat would do to the other side, also does not have a bridge to the past. By that, it would be very good if we collect grass, wood, twigs and leaves to make a raft, and thanks to the raft that through the other coast for an okay, use both hands to paddle him. " Then ask the Bhikkhu stilts, people collect grass, wood, tree, leaves that make a raft, and thanks to the friends he brought to the other side, some against the paddle with his limbs. After having crossed the River to the other coast, y think: "this raft has been helpful to me so much. Thanks to it we have overcome an OK to this side of the River, against the paddle by hand foot. Really should bring this raft on the top or on the back of any of us where to go. "

-Do you think that would ask the teacher Bhikkhu stilts? If he do so, the action of the medicine has to be a proper action for the raft or not?

-World Religion, no.

"So then y should do with the raft? After having crossed the river and reached the other side, assuming her thoughts: "this raft has a huge application with us. Thanks to it we have to come to this side of the River, paddling against an equal limbs. We should let the raft on the water, and then continue to go anywhere. "action is appropriate for the raft. Also, ask the Bhikkhu on stilts, I taught a doctrine similar to a raft, it reinforced to pass, not to bring, keep. Ask the Bhikkhu stilts, understand that just as a raft, then France (dhamma) you must left off, more illegal scenarios (adhamma)[32] , as should the discharge dropped to know when. "

From this metaphor, we clearly see that the teachings of the Buddha is to bring people to safety, purity, happiness, reach Nirvana (Nirvàna). The whole theory of the Buddha taught are directed to save her wings. He does not say things just to satisfy curiosity. He is a master teaching practices these things will bring happy happily for humans.

The Buddha once stayed in a jungle of Simsapa in Kosambi (near Allanhabad). You take a handful of leaves, and asked his disciples:

-Ask the teacher Bhikkhu stilts, the master think? Leaves in my hand more or leaves in the Woods more?

-Germany World Religion, leaves in the hands of Christ during the Enlightenment, but leaves in the Woods here indeed Simsapa untold more.

-Well, ask the Bhikkhu on stilts, we just teach you very little from what we've been detailed. What I didn't tell him the truth untold more. And why Such a hybrid has not taught are things? Because it's not beneficial ... does not lead to Nirvana. That I did not say those things. [33]

It's useless for me when trying to envisage-as several scholars have attempted a futile way-about what Buddha knew but didn't tell the disciples.

The Buddha does not like to discuss metaphysical issues unnecessary, completely in the realm of thinking, arises the imagination. He viewed them as a "jungle concept". It seems that among the main disciple of Buddha also have people who don't like this attitude. A case of Man's pupil (Màlunkyaputta) has asked Sir 10 questions of classical metaphysical matters and ask the Buddha answered. [34]

One day Màlunkyaputta, after morning meditation, a driver, go to the Buddha, wealthy girl, sit down one side and ask:

-Germany World Religion, when the sitting meditation alone, this idea has come to children: "there are issues that Germany World Religion has not explained, to the side and remove. Ðấy is:

1. The universe live, or 2. no market exists;
3. a finite universe, or 4. infinite;
5. The soul is one with the body, or 6. other soul other body.
7. The Future As there exist after death, or 8. He does not exist after death.
9. He has just just not exist after death, or 10. He just does not exist and does not exist.

The problems in Germany That Religion was not explained to me, this attitude doesn't make me satisfied. I dislike her attitude. We will go to Germany, the world Religious and ladies and asked him about this. If Germany World Religion does not explain to us, we will abandon the mass increase them and go. If Germany World Religion know the universe cuu campus, please say so. If Germany World Religion does not know the universe is fixed or not etc. the one who don't know Let's say straight out: "we don't know, we don't see clearly".

The Buddha's answer for Mālun-kyaputta result has benefits for millions of people around the world today are wasting precious time on the metaphysical problems decorating their busy and do not need:

-Mālunkyaputta, we have This ever said to him: "come, Màlunkyaputta, Holy life under me, I will explain the matter to him or not?"

-World Religion, no.

-Also this Mālunkyaputta, he had, he told me: "the White World, you will live the life of Holiness under the ball to him and he will lecture her problems for the child?"

-World Religion, no.

-Now, Màlunkyaputta, I do not say to him: "come live the life of Holiness in the shadow, we will explain the matter to him". And he also doesn't say to me: "the White World, you will live the life of Holiness under the German Religious World and he will solve her problems for her." In those cases, he asked the other madness, who turned from who? " [35]

Ask Mālunkyaputta, if one would say: "I will not live my life of Holiness under the German World Religion if you don't explain to me what's the problem" then y can die before those questions are As Lai. Suppose, asked Màlunkyaputta, a man who was hit by poison arrow and friends she brought medicine to a surgeon. Assuming the other person then said: "We are not going to withdraw this arrow out if we don't know who to shoot, he is the one who Killed the Roman Empire capital (Ksatriya) or a person (cleric class) or a property Phệ (Vaisya, agricultural and commercial class) or a Player in da la (Sùdra-lower class) What is her name, her family, her high, low or medium stature, her skin black, Brown or yellow, he comes from the village of the province or municipality. We're not going to withdraw this arrow out if we don't know the type of supply would have shot me, what chord, what arrow type, made of feathers and first name made what substances. " Ask Màlunkyaputta, he will die before knowing what any of the questions. Also, ask Màlunkyaputta, if a person says "I will not follow the Holy life under German As Lai until He answers the questions as: world market exists or not, etc.", he would die before being Like Lai.

Then the Buddha explains to Mālun-kyaputta that Holy life depends on the concept. Though people have opinions about these issues then it's still born, premature aging, disease, suicide, favor, bi, suffering brain ... that the cessation (i.e. Nirvana) I can say it is made right in this life.

By this, the Màlunkyaputta, keep in mind: what I explained, then considered to be explained and what we have not considered the explanations have not been teaching award. What is the thing we have not explanation? Nine schools in the world or not, etc. (10 opinions on) I didn't explain. Why, ask Mālunkyaputta, which we did not explain them? Because it's not useful, not the basic relation to the life of Holiness spirituality, does not lead to the bored, the liberation, the cessation of suffering, the static security, penetration, the willow, enlightenment Nirvana. So I did not tell him about the problems.

Also what, asked Mālunkyaputta, I explain? I've explained the suffering (dukkha), the cause of suffering, the suffering, and the path taken to thegauge[36]. Ask Màlunkyaputta, why did we explain them? Because it benefits, it's a basic relation to the life of Holiness spirituality, it brought to the bored, the liberation, the cessation of suffering, the static security, penetration, the willow, enlightenment, Nirvana. By that I have to explain them. " [37]

Now let's consider the four noble truths which Buddha b o Màlunkyaputta that he has explained.END=NAM MO CAKYA MOUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY=THICH CHAN TANH.THE MIND OF ENLIGHTENMENT.WORLD VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST ORDER=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=GOLDEN LOTUS MONASTERY=AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.25/8/2016.MHDT.