The establishment of the Buddha Sangha.

                                 

It must be said that the Sangha is a great contribution to the virtues of the Buddha's birth and Buddha Sangha switched to propagate Directed blue for forever His truth endures to this day. Today the Order has flourished not only in a narrow unfortunate country has been on the world.
INTRODUCTION
Buddhism since appeared in India has left countless things of interest. Undergone many vicissitudes of history, Buddhism still exists to this day and has spread to many countries around the world. There are times Buddhism also met tragic events, laminated who renounce impermanent body panels to look for the truth of the Buddha ever existed on this earth.
Since Buddha first sermon first at Deer Park (Migadàya) with the Four Noble Truths teachings, it is historical milestone of the start of his spreading the Dharma and for ever after the righteousness of his disciples always remember. Since it is the first sermon of the Buddha's teachings which are the basis for the system of Buddhist teachings. From his sermon without knowing how many people from ordinary care division has become a holy person.
In the Buddha's life can ci nii thnh Sangha formation is an important milestone. Since the formation of the sangha e thnh to the many people from several other needle cc class in India lc x Assembly time. Many became disciples of the Buddha in e initiates hnh they are fruits. It is noteworthy that the Dharma Sangha which is spread to people ri. Since then, the disciples of NGI e tri generations indicated above spread to other countries in the world. Today Sangha e ci many countries face the world, but the figure indicated above thnh Sangha Buddha's time still left its mark on history better rubber for disciples of NGI.
Regarding research methods author of this article used the descriptive-analytical methods, reference methods and materials of a predecessor to rewrite the main points of the formation time of the Buddha Sangha thnh, besides also use other methods to support all writing more lively and flexible.
In the life of the Buddha can be said that since he founded the Sangha has marked an important milestone in the work of preaching for profit delivery. Key for the formation of the sangha levels appeared Arhat great. The models have just a mirror of the practice morality and virtue, but also blessed beings filled roots being planted. Thanks Dharma Sangha teachers spread the word around and also that the teachings of Buddha spread everywhere until now. Without the Sangha, the Buddhist doctrine of not being able to be with a convenient way.
It must be said that the Sangha is a great contribution to the virtues of the Buddha's birth and Buddha Sangha switched to propagate Directed blue for forever His truth endures to this day. Today the Order has flourished not only in a narrow unfortunate country has been on the world. CONTENTS 1. BACKGROUND HISTORY OF INDIA TIME BUDDHA 1.1. RELIGION India is one of the cradles of ancient civilization. Here is a civilization in the upper two major rivers are the Indus (Indus) and Gange river (Ganges). It has formed an agricultural civilization developed. Because agricultural civilization to India is a country of a culture inclined to worship many gods and mystical views of the universe. Aryan ethnic Indian residency at nagys a prosperous Punjab region, especially in terms of ideology, it is thriving. So this nation was manipulated by the first canonical, ie Rig Veda scriptures. They are divided into four class society: Brahmin (Brahmana - clergy), Sat-base-profit (Shastriya - royal clan soldiers), Phe-amnesty (Vaisya - the people, the agricultural trade) and Prime-Tara (SADRA - slave labor low level), in which caste Brahmin is the ruling class. The caste Brahmin is to appreciate and enjoy all the rights and privileges in society have created many trends or philosophies different religious practices and even against each other physicians. An ice cream social disorder with multiple class and sects had let the people of Phe-class shopping and prime-Tara extremely miserable. Many counter-Vedic thought, and especially the formation of pagan Clerk: 1. Purana Kasapa (Phu-lan-na Ca-lettuce), according to skepticism. 2. Makkhali Gosala (Mat-old Chile sentence-amnesty-la), according to the neo-course conclusion, believing in the inevitability of liberation, the ultimate of man. 3. Ajita Kesakambali (A-period multi-Ke-sa-impressed-she-la), advocates of materialism pure speech and extreme hedonism. 4. Pukudha Kaccayana (multi-line Ca-na-dien-fried), advocated Mind permanent, eternal. 5. Sanjaya Bellathiputta (Tan-Pi-la-da anonymously Guinea-private) undertakings under Inspiration, intuition adapt. 6. Nigantha Nataputta (Ni-hopea-from-theme-mail), or Ma-ha-vi-topic, cardinals Jain, advocate austerity, there is reincarnation, karma. Doctrine very reputable, there are some similarities with Buddhism. 1.2. POLITICAL Not only is home to many different religious ideas that era Germany India in Shakyamuni also politics monarchical regime. There are two countries exist the republic of antiquity is Kosala (Qiao-slap-la) and Magadha (Ma-out-momentum). Kosala in the north of India, urban Sravatsti (Xa-defense) and Magadha country south of the river Gange, urban Rajagrha (United-amnesty). The two countries are at the center of the Indian civilizations, economies developed and populated. Northeast of the capital with many families around, causing the hero of every state population at the time. Lineage of the Sakya Buddha (Gautama clan), the capital of Kapilavastu (Ca-Pi-la-defense), this region is now the Indian-Nepalese border divide, the country that is bordered on the east of Kosala north and was a vassal of the empire. Tran Phuong Lan services, the historical Buddha, Republican wide Malla kings have two dominant at Pava and Kusinara. Kusinara been described as the place is not important but where masters died in the ultimate Nirvana. Ibid, p. 35. Licchavri Republic with its capital at Vesali (Pi-amnesty-glass) and the Republic of Videha (Micro-theme-ha) with the capital Mitthila (Mi-thi-la) has joined the federal which served (Bat-term), associated with a few other tribes. In addition to the monarchy and republic also has the important tribes are Koliyas (verse-ly), in the southeast of the Republic of Sakya, the capital is Ramagama (or Koliyanagara). Further there Moriyas tribe, the capital is Pipphalivana adjacent tribal Koliya, it was not until the east. Finally Kalamas family, Kesaputta capital, is located in the corner of west direction between the Ganges River and Ghafgra. Ibid, p. 36. Although there are many kingdoms, republics, tribal but very peaceful life. Anyone can freely cross the border shared between the different regimes that. But not so that society does not have contradictions. 1.3. SOCIAL ancient times Indian peoples are respected liturgy itself, honoring the god. At first they put out the paternalistic or patriarchal hold ceremonies, company officials called the ceremony. Company officials gradually became professional holiday should be replaced by the clergy (Brahmin). Caste clergy considered themselves occupied international primacy. Four castes according to urban collective sector, hereditary slave caste should be kept to eternal slavery constitute an unjust society. The cleavages created social stratification between the rich and poor. The poor are uneducated, not attending important ceremonies, the fish do not have to strive to strive for can not cross the line giuoi class. Therefore they had to live in poverty with their fate, destitute. At that stage right, in addition to the all-powerful deity traditionally accepted belief is not a real person, a man of Lic history, greatness that close to people. A man loving fellow appeared. He does not put additional theories, new ideas, only tolerated, harmony with the practice of self-realization of the truth and giving way to help humans. After enlightenment, supreme Enlightenment, because the virtues he preached that birth centers and particularly the establishment of the Sangha to sustain Dharma circuit. It is the German Shakyamuni, steps Arhat Enlightenment. 2. INCREASING THE GROUP FORMED WHEN BUDDHA 2.1. INCREASING THE GROUP FORMED 2.1.1. The first five disciples after enlightenment under the Bodhi tree, Buddha intended to enter Nirvana because his teachings are profound evidence that inborn magic beings are inferior, difficult to enlightenment quickly as he was. At that time Brahma had requested the Buddha to preach the universe's birth. So please think of the beings are immersed in the sea of misery so he stayed on earth to preach. He immediately thought of his two teachers that he Avala Kalama and he Uddka Ramaputta but Brahma has told the Buddha that both he passed away not long ago. He immediately think of five of his friends when he was ascetic as he Annata Kondanna group (Kondanna), Bhaddiya (Bat-theme-cup), Vappa (Cross-power-ca-lettuce), Assaji (A- Low-her-mind) and Mahanama (MA-men-v-profit), they can be enlightened by his teachings so he went to Deer Park where they practice to preach; the content of the sermon is the Four Noble Truths. "In this moment, ten thousand world motion, vibration, vibration. And an immeasurable glory, generosity that shines in the world, exceeding powerful gods "Samyutta V, chapter 12, the second, economic Zhuan Falun, p. 611 .. After hearing the Buddha's Four Noble Truths sermon, the delusion is shattered, intellectual detachment appeared, five are enlightened, the entries fruition Arhat. It was the first five disciples of Buddha Shakyamuni Thus, the Three Jewels are formed from the following: Buddha Shakyamuni Buddha, Dharma teachings as the Four Great and increased security Kondanna group. When the Buddha attained enlightenment, go teach beings in the image of a Monks, who called Him the Great recluse (Maha Samana) and call His disciples as the recluse Like death (Sakyaputtaya Samana). And the disciples of the Buddha, the monk himself called Bhikkhu (monks), as mendicants, living with no home, no family. 2.1.2. Touched Yasa Yasa and his friends from Deer Park, the Buddha went to Benares (Ba-la-complaint), where he teaches a young man as Yasa (Da-amnesty), son of a businessman boasts rich people, a union president in Benares, the silk trader. Yasa is a youth is to indulge in all aspects of life too satisfied with his orgiastic should mind went blank. Tran Phuong Lan services, the historical Buddha, He fed the family life full of luxury, see seems bored secular life in young men, the Buddha went to his theory of a sermon "easy stuff" Ibid, p. 175, is straightforward issues such as generosity, morality, the realm of God and the disadvantages of sensual pleasures. He obtained the "glass ceiling French label array structure" ie see "anything under the laws arising are subject to the law of annihilation". Soon he became ordained disciples were Yasa attained Arhat. Four other friends of the venerable Yasa Gentrification is also in line Vimala (Pi-ma-la), Subahu (Tu-her-almost ), Purnajit (Phu-lan-ca-na) and Gavampati (Old-her-canvas-topic) also apply to the refuge, hear of the Buddha were attained Arhat. Now, in addition to Buddha congregation ten position Arhat. At Benares, the Buddha was exchanged for a few dozen more taste, these people in neighboring countries, are friends and relatives of Venerable Yasa, or from the new Arhat attained. When the congregation has been sixty're Arhat, he taught the disciples go and teach everyone a place, do not go to two people sharing a line with each other, because compassion for the world, for the benefit for gods and men that brought the Dhamma preached everywhere. Thus, when his disciples sixty Arhat're going culture being formed Sangha. With a Mission missionary activities which advocated the establishment of the Order was made, certainly the disciple of the Buddha is also very important. Not to mention the two merchants that met at Uruvela Buddha's first disciple but please refuge and ordained religious house of Yasa's parents. These laymen is an indispensable force. In a continuation of the Buddha means for children to join the Sangha. That is the case of Rahula (Rāhula) makes the King was surprised because Ruhula too young compared to the disciples in the Sangha. In the spirit to avoid the hassle of following up the Buddha gave a number of provisions not allowed in some cases joined the sangha (applies to both increase and nuns), aka the thirteen elderly victims. 2.2 . THE FORMATION OF Vihara 2.2.1. Veluvana (Truc Lam Vihara) In the early years, the Buddha and his disciples, his renunciation is the increased travel and live by alms and often reside overnight in a tree in the woods. There are also monks as shelter huts with leaves or reside in caves. By the third year after the Buddha attained enlightenment, the monastic disciples, his house was crowded and gain the favor of the masses. Magadha king Bimbisara water refuge in the Buddha and asked for donations Veluvana Forest (Bamboo Forest) where the king for building fully equipped for use as his residence, including lecture halls, buildings, items and everything for Buddhist teachings delegation to a thousand people. This is the first abode, beginning a period of permanent residence. Vesakha coming months (around May 4-5 lunar calendar) is the rainy season, the Buddha and the monks to settle second summer here. 2.2.2. Jivakarama (United Baht Vihara) Buddhist reputation and Sangha increasing, many people came to ask for refuge in religious precepts. The well-off homeowners understand the teachings and learned the benefit of the teachings brought many people have donated part of their land for the construction of the Buddhist Vihara at monks. Many Vihara was growing up, of which not to mention is Jivakarama (Vihara States Baht), in the suburbs of Rajagadha (United-amnesty), who offered his residence was Jivaka, a medicine, surgery illustrious name of the Buddha. 3.2.3. Jetavanarama (Jetavana Vihara) Essential Student Member States (Jetavanarama), in Sāvatthi, his residence is bourgeois Anthapindika (Anathapindaka) donated garden which he bought United-Prince where Prince Prince momentum and trees States-momentum donations. So, people often called Anathapindaka Life Member States. Gentrification then built a huge number of his residence with all sorts of rooms, auditorium, kitchen, warehouse, toilet, place a stroll, well-cast, well with the cap, bathing, bathroom, pool ... We can say Vihara Vihara Signed Vienna is the biggest time now, it is here that Buddha has settled 25 summer and more importantly was his sermon in this place theory. 2.2.4. Ghositarama (Cu Latino Student Teacher) Sa at Kosambi, so bourgeois Ghosita with his two friends and colleagues are Kukkuta Pavariya construction. Perhaps this Vihara built the largest and longest-lasting. Vihara is the abode of the gods continually monks over a thousand years before being destroyed by the influx Hungarian troops invaded Kosambi. When this is the place where ancient Buddha NOTES many important sectors. In addition to the aforementioned Vihara Vihara there are large and small scattered all over the India as Ambapali - Vana, Markathrada in Vesali; Udambari-Karama in Sappini River, Kukkutarama, Pavaxikanivana are in Kosambi; Nigrodharama (Ni-questions-momentum) in Kapilavatthu; Isipatana (Deer Park) in Baranasi ... The Vihara is nowadays also known, others remaining former ground, slightly traces of architecture that archaeologists have recorded traces. When the ancient Vihara at this, but the monks are gathered together to practice. San retreat months have witness many results, and also where it came from the Catholic holy beings have extraordinary beings, bringing many benefits to the gods and mankind. 2.3. THE FORMATION GROUP NI 2.3.1. Nuns first year 524 BC. Tran Phuong Lan services, the historical Buddha, ie the sixth year after the Buddha attained enlightenment, King was ice. Buddha table with royal clan brought Venerable Mahanama Anuradha's brother became king. Arranging the tide and finished Buddha disciples Nirodha forest, suburban Kapilavatthu. She Pajapati (Ma-ha-Ba-ba-theme-bar) to pray to Buddha for women are made ​​giatu out, live life no family. After three times refused pleas cell samples, Buddha and the Sangha returned Vesaly. She led 500 women belonging to the Sakya clan, scrape off the hair itself, categorically yellow robes to Vesaly please be ordained. Finally, by the Venerable Ananda, and begs for help, Buddha accepted her plea and stated "disrespectful approach", content to uphold the great nature of the Sangha in guiding the education of nuns that life a bhikkhunī must respect. Thus, she Mahapajapati first disciples of Buddha ni. 2.3.2. Content "disrespectful approach" 1. Monks and nuns have only their health but for monks ordained. 2. Monks and nuns have fortnightly basis to their residence where monks visiting tutor ceremony. 3. Monks and nuns once a year to settle their fetters. If the monks khoogn have them does absolutely not allowed to own land fetters independence. 4. Monks and nuns not to move or speak faults guilty monks. In contrast, the monks have the right to tell the faults of monks and nuns. 5. Bhikkhunī if missed Increased crime museum itself must repent before applying them two monks and the monks and nuns in the most recent period slapping Dad. 6. Monks and nuns were ordained though long a hundred years, but hungry for new monks to be ordained still bowed respectfully bowed hands together in salute. 7. Monks and nuns after Lent must come first monks ask for things unworthy of his attention, whether things were or eyes to see, ears to hear or doubts. 8. Pi-kheop something ni monks accused asked that if for some reason that monks do not respond, do not ask append (Law Part Four: Ni is not defamatory increase). Cao Huu Dinh, Buddhist and noble, Di Pajapati and women form the Sakya clan happy to accept eight measures on. Since then the congregation monks and nuns was founded by Mahapajapati and education leaders with the support of the monks, the training organization ingenious Mahapajapati, nuns grew rapidly. Many monks and nuns attained Arhat, many highly reputed for the masses and the court. We can find evidence of the case and leave the results interesting verse of the position in the Therigatha (Presbyterian Ni shelves). 3. ABOUT THE LAW AND LIVING INCREASE OF OLD 3.1. FORMING ABOUT THE OBLIGATIONS Patimokkha Sangha every winter day, but most of holiness. Until the thirteenth year, the church has monks Tu-theme-na lost dignity, Buddha regime stronghold world to protect their status increased. In the group there Sangha monks Luc pants usually disunity and committed many errors, depending on the crime severity Buddha sequential processing to those precepts, rules are rules for monastic life. Ministry Patimokkha (Ba-la-theme-rustic-rub) Increase consisting of 225 or 227 men, Ni 311 men (according to Theravada or Southern transmission) and a 250 Increase gender, Ni 348 or 350 men (according to Mahayana and Mahayana), 10 sex for mobile and Sa Sa-di-ni (on North Communication). So, in the spirit of the precepts that the Buddha was prepared in order to prevent these mistakes can happen gay lifestyle affect the purity of the Sangha and also to protect the individual, but step on the road practice. 3.2. SENIORS LIVING INCREASE OF 3.2.1. The timetable for each day in the morning, after meditation, the Buddha and the monks seeking alms. The walks all over you, in order of each state, regardless of wealth, to humble to receive food offerings to homeowners. In law does not allow the monks in the village too early or too late, unless there is only invited but homeowners must work with them increased transparency. The teacher used the time before and after the alms to visit that pain sermon. Alms finished, return to your abode or a base somewhere and the only meal of the day. After the meal, the things you packed up, resting for a moment in a big tree or an empty house for meditation. Close to sunset, the taste back to hear Buddhist abode or the Presbyterian preacher. After the legal position is often discussed together in doctrine and practice experience. In the evening, alternating between each farm and to sleep and then wake up and walking meditation. Apparently the only sleeping position about four or five hours a day, time left for practice. Contents of practice include World - The - Tue. 3.2.2. Dad slapped (Uposatha) potash is interpreted as a regular ceremony held twice a month on the day of the Black renovation (new moons) and White update (full moon day), in which the monks gathered together to read The main tenets such as the Four Truths, dependent origination, selflessness ... but later when they formed the monastic monks gather to recite the monastic and consider whether anything in violation of repentance. Day slaps father, according to the methods of Buddhist institutions, is to un-molding the lives of the monks moral purification, build unity in the Sangha community, demonstrated fundamental nature of learning in the Three Study About The World Property. 3.2.3. An apartment (Vassavasa) of Buddhist Lent is a time for the monks live in harmony pure fun, study, discuss the teaching and practice of meditation. This offering is applicable to the three-month rainy season, starting on the full moon month Sravana (approximately on May 15th lunar calendar). During this time monks vie travel restrictions to avoid a stampede insects and rain for months on alms to monks also difficult abode in a place in psychology and religious studies. Despite settling time sooner or later have to round three-month retreat. Also thanks to the three-month retreat that many have seen the results of the four holy bar text. 3.2.4. Self quartet (Pavarana) suicide is the ceremony was held on the final day of the season retreat. That day, the monks requested the other monks raised his faults to her before he repented. Thus, a form of collective and individual critics individuals cons, expressed regret for his mistakes. This is a special event in the community Sangha and the Buddha's time until today. 3.2.5. Medical Exam Life-Ca-na (Kathina) The medical life-na ca-examination is done after the suicide, ending a Lent. The monks follow a three-month retreat, advance in the practice, worthy of receiving a new medical-exam-na ca y, y beyond the statutory three (UAT-most-la-rose (y rooftop ), an-momentum-Assembly (lower y), and rose-old Chile (y outermost). Thich Chon Thien, the Buddha Sangha, Religious Publishing House, tr.149. The Buddha, after every rainy season settled, the monks chant poetry-contest-na y to be five benefits: 1. In addition to the three y, the monks were stored fabric care than ten days to get used to sew cloth or her health medical care or a new life, ie y ca-na-examination. 2. No need to bring a third time as law. 3. Allowed in many real-life benefactors, as long as not too midday. 4. To own real-life group of four or more. 5. Be in the village before or after meals without notice for other monks. Buddha invented the life-thi-na ca y is to the monks be received in favorable conditions, to extend certain laws, precepts proved not rigid. Ibid, tr.150. The form and content of activities have to carry the cumbersome definition, complex; but look deeper, all manifest a life in poverty, purity, harmony, ardent; both as a result, just as the growth of Gender preparation, concentration and wisdom to lead to liberation. 4. Into the net INCREASE OF OLD MARKET 4.1. TU THANH VAN RESULTS In Indian society now have a lot of religious sects, but only to practice Buddhist Noble Eightfold Path was really fruitful. Since Buddha first sermon in the Deer Park (Migadàya) with the Four Noble Truths teachings, it is the historical milestone of the start of his spreading the Dharma and for ever after the disciples His righteous always remember. Since it is the first sermon of the Buddha's teachings which are the basis for the system of Buddhist teachings. From his sermon without knowing how many people from ordinary care division has become a holy person. In the Buddha's life can ci nii thnh Sangha formation is an important milestone. Since the formation of the sangha e thnh to the many people from several other needle cc class in India lc x Assembly time. Many became disciples of the Buddha in e initiates hnh they are fruits. It is noteworthy that the Dharma Sangha which is spread to people ri. Since then, the disciples of NGI e tri generations indicated above spread to other countries in the world. Today Sangha e ci many countries face the world, but the figure indicated above thnh Sangha Buddha's time still left its mark on history better rubber for disciples of NGI. Regarding research methods author of this article used the descriptive-analytical methods, reference methods and materials of a predecessor to rewrite the main points of the formation time of the Buddha Sangha thnh, besides also use other methods to support all writing more lively and flexible. In the life of the Buddha can be said that since he founded the Sangha has marked an important milestone in the work of preaching for profit delivery. Key for the formation of the sangha levels appeared Arhat great. The models have just a mirror of the practice morality and virtue, but also blessed beings filled roots being planted. Thanks Dharma Sangha teachers spread the word around and also that the teachings of Buddha spread everywhere until now. Without the Sangha, the Buddhist doctrine of not being able to be with a convenient way. It must be said that the Sangha is a great contribution to the virtues of the Buddha's birth and Buddha Sangha switched to propagate Directed blue for forever His truth endures to this day. Today the Order has flourished not only in a narrow unfortunate country has been on the world. CONTENTS 1. BACKGROUND HISTORY OF INDIA TIME BUDDHA 1.1. RELIGION India is one of the cradles of ancient civilization. Here is a civilization in the upper two major rivers are the Indus (Indus) and Gange river (Ganges). It has formed an agricultural civilization developed. Because agricultural civilization to India is a country of a culture inclined to worship many gods and mystical views of the universe. Aryan ethnic Indian residency at nagys a prosperous Punjab region, especially in terms of ideology, it is thriving. So this nation was manipulated by the first canonical, ie Rig Veda scriptures. They are divided into four class society: Brahmin (Brahmana - clergy), Sat-base-profit (Shastriya - royal clan soldiers), Phe-amnesty (Vaisya - the people, the agricultural trade) and Prime-Tara (SADRA - slave labor low level), in which caste Brahmin is the ruling class. The caste Brahmin is to appreciate and enjoy all the rights and privileges in society have created many trends or philosophies different religious practices and even against each other physicians. An ice cream social disorder with multiple class and sects had let the people of Phe-class shopping and prime-Tara extremely miserable. Many counter-Vedic thought, and especially the formation of pagan Clerk: 1. Purana Kasapa (Phu-lan-na Ca-lettuce), according to skepticism. 2. Makkhali Gosala (Mat-old Chile sentence-amnesty-la), according to the neo-course conclusion, believing in the inevitability of liberation, the ultimate of man. 3. Ajita Kesakambali (A-period multi-Ke-sa-impressed-she-la), advocates of materialism pure speech and extreme hedonism. 4. Pukudha Kaccayana (multi-line Ca-na-dien-fried), advocated Mind permanent, eternal. 5. Sanjaya Bellathiputta (Tan-Pi-la-da anonymously Guinea-private) undertakings under Inspiration, intuition adapt. 6. Nigantha Nataputta (Ni-hopea-from-theme-mail), or Ma-ha-vi-topic, cardinals Jain, advocate austerity, there is reincarnation, karma. Doctrine very reputable, there are some similarities with Buddhism. 1.2. POLITICAL Not only is home to many different religious ideas that era Germany India in Shakyamuni also politics monarchical regime. There are two countries exist the republic of antiquity is Kosala (Qiao-slap-la) and Magadha (Ma-out-momentum). Kosala in the north of India, urban Sravatsti (Xa-defense) and Magadha country south of the river Gange, urban Rajagrha (United-amnesty). The two countries are at the center of the Indian civilizations, economies developed and populated. Northeast of the capital with many families around, causing the hero of every state population at the time. Lineage of the Sakya Buddha (Gautama clan), the capital of Kapilavastu (Ca-Pi-la-defense), this region is now the Indian-Nepalese border divide, the country that is bordered on the east of Kosala north and was a vassal of the empire. Tran Phuong Lan services, the historical Buddha, Republican wide Malla kings have two dominant at Pava and Kusinara. Kusinara been described as the place is not important but where masters died in the ultimate Nirvana. Ibid, p. 35. Licchavri Republic with its capital at Vesali (Pi-amnesty-glass) and the Republic of Videha (Micro-theme-ha) with the capital Mitthila (Mi-thi-la) has joined the federal which served (Bat-term), associated with a few other tribes. In addition to the monarchy and republic also has the important tribes are Koliyas (verse-ly), in the southeast of the Republic of Sakya, the capital is Ramagama (or Koliyanagara). Further there Moriyas tribe, the capital is Pipphalivana adjacent tribal Koliya, it was not until the east. Finally Kalamas family, Kesaputta capital, is located in the corner of west direction between the Ganges River and Ghafgra. Ibid, p. 36. Although there are many kingdoms, republics, tribal but very peaceful life. Anyone can freely cross the border shared between the different regimes that. But not so that society does not have contradictions. 1.3. SOCIAL ancient times Indian peoples are respected liturgy itself, honoring the god. At first they put out the paternalistic or patriarchal hold ceremonies, company officials called the ceremony. Company officials gradually became professional holiday should be replaced by the clergy (Brahmin). Caste clergy considered themselves occupied international primacy. Four castes according to urban collective sector, hereditary slave caste should be kept to eternal slavery constitute an unjust society. The cleavages created social stratification between the rich and poor. The poor are uneducated, not attending important ceremonies, the fish do not have to strive to strive for can not cross the line giuoi class. Therefore they had to live in poverty with their fate, destitute. At that stage right, in addition to the all-powerful deity traditionally accepted belief is not a real person, a man of Lic history, greatness that close to people. A man loving fellow appeared. He does not put additional theories, new ideas, only tolerated, harmony with the practice of self-realization of the truth and giving way to help humans. After enlightenment, supreme Enlightenment, because the virtues he preached that birth centers and particularly the establishment of the Sangha to sustain Dharma circuit. It is the German Shakyamuni, steps Arhat Enlightenment. 2. INCREASING THE GROUP FORMED WHEN BUDDHA 2.1. INCREASING THE GROUP FORMED 2.1.1. The first five disciples after enlightenment under the Bodhi tree, Buddha intended to enter Nirvana because his teachings are profound evidence that inborn magic beings are inferior, difficult to enlightenment quickly as he was. At that time Brahma had requested the Buddha to preach the universe's birth. So please think of the beings are immersed in the sea of misery so he stayed on earth to preach. He immediately thought of his two teachers that he Avala Kalama and he Uddka Ramaputta but Brahma has told the Buddha that both he passed away not long ago. He immediately think of five of his friends when he was ascetic as he Annata Kondanna group (Kondanna), Bhaddiya (Bat-theme-cup), Vappa (Cross-power-ca-lettuce), Assaji (A- Low-her-mind) and Mahanama (MA-men-v-profit), they can be enlightened by his teachings so he went to Deer Park where they practice to preach; the content of the sermon is the Four Noble Truths. "In this moment, ten thousand world motion, vibration, vibration. And an immeasurable glory, generosity that shines in the world, exceeding powerful gods "Samyutta V, chapter 12, the second, economic Zhuan Falun, p. 611 .. After hearing the Buddha's Four Noble Truths sermon, the delusion is shattered, intellectual detachment appeared, five are enlightened, the entries fruition Arhat. It was the first five disciples of Buddha Shakyamuni Thus, the Three Jewels are formed from the following: Buddha Shakyamuni Buddha, Dharma teachings as the Four Great and increased security Kondanna group. When the Buddha attained enlightenment, go teach beings in the image of a Monks, who called Him the Great recluse (Maha Samana) and call His disciples as the recluse Like death (Sakyaputtaya Samana). And the disciples of the Buddha, the monk himself called Bhikkhu (monks), as mendicants, living with no home, no family. 2.1.2. Touched Yasa Yasa and his friends from Deer Park, the Buddha went to Benares (Ba-la-complaint), where he teaches a young man as Yasa (Da-amnesty), son of a businessman boasts rich people, a union president in Benares, the silk trader. Yasa is a youth is to indulge in all aspects of life too satisfied with his orgiastic should mind went blank. Tran Phuong Lan services, the historical Buddha, He fed the family life full of luxury, see seems bored secular life in young men, the Buddha went to his theory of a sermon "easy stuff" Ibid, p. 175, is straightforward issues such as generosity, morality, the realm of God and the disadvantages of sensual pleasures. He obtained the "glass ceiling French label array structure" ie see "anything under the laws arising are subject to the law of annihilation". Soon he became ordained disciples were Yasa attained Arhat. Four other friends of the venerable Yasa Gentrification is also in line Vimala (Pi-ma-la), Subahu (Tu-her-almost ), Purnajit (Phu-lan-ca-na) and Gavampati (Old-her-canvas-topic) also apply to the refuge, hear of the Buddha were attained Arhat. Now, in addition to Buddha congregation ten position Arhat. At Benares, the Buddha was exchanged for a few dozen more taste, these people in neighboring countries, are friends and relatives of Venerable Yasa, or from the new Arhat attained. When the congregation has been sixty're Arhat, he taught the disciples go and teach everyone a place, do not go to two people sharing a line with each other, because compassion for the world, for the benefit for gods and men that brought the Dhamma preached everywhere. Thus, when his disciples sixty Arhat're going culture being formed Sangha. With a Mission missionary activities which advocated the establishment of the Order was made, certainly the disciple of the Buddha is also very important. Not to mention the two merchants that met at Uruvela Buddha's first disciple but please refuge and ordained religious house of Yasa's parents. These laymen is an indispensable force. In a continuation of the Buddha means for children to join the Sangha. That is the case of Rahula (Rāhula) makes the King was surprised because Ruhula too young compared to the disciples in the Sangha. In the spirit to avoid the hassle of following up the Buddha gave a number of provisions not allowed in some cases joined the sangha (applies to both increase and nuns), aka the thirteen elderly victims. 2.2 . THE FORMATION OF Vihara 2.2.1. Veluvana (Truc Lam Vihara) In the early years, the Buddha and his disciples, his renunciation is the increased travel and live by alms and often reside overnight in a tree in the woods. There are also monks as shelter huts with leaves or reside in caves. By the third year after the Buddha attained enlightenment, the monastic disciples, his house was crowded and gain the favor of the masses. Magadha king Bimbisara water refuge in the Buddha and asked for donations Veluvana Forest (Bamboo Forest) where the king for building fully equipped for use as his residence, including lecture halls, buildings, items and everything for Buddhist teachings delegation to a thousand people. This is the first abode, beginning a period of permanent residence. Vesakha coming months (around May 4-5 lunar calendar) is the rainy season, the Buddha and the monks to settle second summer here. 2.2.2. Jivakarama (United Baht Vihara) Buddhist reputation and Sangha increasing, many people came to ask for refuge in religious precepts. The well-off homeowners understand the teachings and learned the benefit of the teachings brought many people have donated part of their land for the construction of the Buddhist Vihara at monks. Many Vihara was growing up, of which not to mention is Jivakarama (Vihara States Baht), in the suburbs of Rajagadha (United-amnesty), who offered his residence was Jivaka, a medicine, surgery illustrious name of the Buddha. 3.2.3. Jetavanarama (Jetavana Vihara) Essential Student Member States (Jetavanarama), in Sāvatthi, his residence is bourgeois Anthapindika (Anathapindaka) donated garden which he bought United-Prince where Prince Prince momentum and trees States-momentum donations. So, people often called Anathapindaka Life Member States. Gentrification then built a huge number of his residence with all sorts of rooms, auditorium, kitchen, warehouse, toilet, place a stroll, well-cast, well with the cap, bathing, bathroom, pool ... We can say Vihara Vihara Signed Vienna is the biggest time now, it is here that Buddha has settled 25 summer and more importantly was his sermon in this place theory. 2.2.4. Ghositarama (Cu Latino Student Teacher) Sa at Kosambi, so bourgeois Ghosita with his two friends and colleagues are Kukkuta Pavariya construction. Perhaps this Vihara built the largest and longest-lasting. Vihara is the abode of the gods continually monks over a thousand years before being destroyed by the influx Hungarian troops invaded Kosambi. When this is the place where ancient Buddha NOTES many important sectors. In addition to the aforementioned Vihara Vihara there are large and small scattered all over the India as Ambapali - Vana, Markathrada in Vesali; Udambari-Karama in Sappini River, Kukkutarama, Pavaxikanivana are in Kosambi; Nigrodharama (Ni-questions-momentum) in Kapilavatthu; Isipatana (Deer Park) in Baranasi ... The Vihara is nowadays also known, others remaining former ground, slightly traces of architecture that archaeologists have recorded traces. When the ancient Vihara at this, but the monks are gathered together to practice. San retreat months have witness many results, and also where it came from the Catholic holy beings have extraordinary beings, bringing many benefits to the gods and mankind. 2.3. THE FORMATION GROUP NI 2.3.1. Nuns first year 524 BC. Tran Phuong Lan services, the historical Buddha, ie the sixth year after the Buddha attained enlightenment, King was ice. Buddha table with royal clan brought Venerable Mahanama Anuradha's brother became king. Arranging the tide and finished Buddha disciples Nirodha forest, suburban Kapilavatthu. She Pajapati (Ma-ha-Ba-ba-theme-bar) to pray to Buddha for women are made ​​giatu out, live life no family. After three times refused pleas cell samples, Buddha and the Sangha returned Vesaly. She led 500 women belonging to the Sakya clan, scrape off the hair itself, categorically yellow robes to Vesaly please be ordained. Finally, by the Venerable Ananda, and begs for help, Buddha accepted her plea and stated "disrespectful approach", content to uphold the great nature of the Sangha in guiding the education of nuns that life a bhikkhunī must respect. Thus, she Mahapajapati first disciples of Buddha ni. 2.3.2. Content "disrespectful approach" 1. Monks and nuns have only their health but for monks ordained. 2. Monks and nuns have fortnightly basis to their residence where monks visiting tutor ceremony. 3. Monks and nuns once a year to settle their fetters. If the monks khoogn have them does absolutely not allowed to own land fetters independence. 4. Monks and nuns not to move or speak faults guilty monks. In contrast, the monks have the right to tell the faults of monks and nuns. 5. Bhikkhunī if missed Increased crime museum itself must repent before applying them two monks and the monks and nuns in the most recent period slapping Dad. 6. Monks and nuns were ordained though long a hundred years, but hungry for new monks to be ordained still bowed respectfully bowed hands together in salute. 7. Monks and nuns after Lent must come first monks ask for things unworthy of his attention, whether things were or eyes to see, ears to hear or doubts. 8. Pi-kheop something ni monks accused asked that if for some reason that monks do not respond, do not ask append (Law Part Four: Ni is not defamatory increase). Cao Huu Dinh, Buddhist and noble, Di Pajapati and women form the Sakya clan happy to accept eight measures on. Since then the congregation monks and nuns was founded by Mahapajapati and education leaders with the support of the monks, the training organization ingenious Mahapajapati, nuns grew rapidly. Many monks and nuns attained Arhat, many highly reputed for the masses and the court. We can find evidence of the case and leave the results interesting verse of the position in the Therigatha (Presbyterian Ni shelves). 3. ABOUT THE LAW AND LIVING INCREASE OF OLD 3.1. FORMING ABOUT THE OBLIGATIONS Patimokkha Sangha every winter day, but most of holiness. Until the thirteenth year, the church has monks Tu-theme-na lost dignity, Buddha regime stronghold world to protect their status increased. In the group there Sangha monks Luc pants usually disunity and committed many errors, depending on the crime severity Buddha sequential processing to those precepts, rules are rules for monastic life. Ministry Patimokkha (Ba-la-theme-rustic-rub) Increase consisting of 225 or 227 men, Ni 311 men (according to Theravada or Southern transmission) and a 250 Increase gender, Ni 348 or 350 men (according to Mahayana and Mahayana), 10 sex for mobile and Sa Sa-di-ni (on North Communication). So, in the spirit of the precepts that the Buddha was prepared in order to prevent these mistakes can happen gay lifestyle affect the purity of the Sangha and also to protect the individual, but step on the road practice. 3.2. SENIORS LIVING INCREASE OF 3.2.1. The timetable for each day in the morning, after meditation, the Buddha and the monks seeking alms. The walks all over you, in order of each state, regardless of wealth, to humble to receive food offerings to homeowners. In law does not allow the monks in the village too early or too late, unless there is only invited but homeowners must work with them increased transparency. The teacher used the time before and after the alms to visit that pain sermon. Alms finished, return to your abode or a base somewhere and the only meal of the day. After the meal, the things you packed up, resting for a moment in a big tree or an empty house for meditation. Close to sunset, the taste back to hear Buddhist abode or the Presbyterian preacher. After the legal position is often discussed together in doctrine and practice experience. In the evening, alternating between each farm and to sleep and then wake up and walking meditation. Apparently the only sleeping position about four or five hours a day, time left for practice. Contents of practice include World - The - Tue. 3.2.2. Dad slapped (Uposatha) potash is interpreted as a regular ceremony held twice a month on the day of the Black renovation (new moons) and White update (full moon day), in which the monks gathered together to read The main tenets such as the Four Truths, dependent origination, selflessness ... but later when they formed the monastic monks gather to recite the monastic and consider whether anything in violation of repentance. Day slaps father, according to the methods of Buddhist institutions, is to un-molding the lives of the monks moral purification, build unity in the Sangha community, demonstrated fundamental nature of learning in the Three Study About The World Property. 3.2.3. An apartment (Vassavasa) of Buddhist Lent is a time for the monks live in harmony pure fun, study, discuss the teaching and practice of meditation. This offering is applicable to the three-month rainy season, starting on the full moon month Sravana (approximately on May 15th lunar calendar). During this time monks vie travel restrictions to avoid a stampede insects and rain for months on alms to monks also difficult abode in a place in psychology and religious studies. Despite settling time sooner or later have to round three-month retreat. Also thanks to the three-month retreat that many have seen the results of the four holy bar text. 3.2.4. Self quartet (Pavarana) suicide is the ceremony was held on the final day of the season retreat. That day, the monks requested the other monks raised his faults to her before he repented. Thus, a form of collective and individual critics individuals cons, expressed regret for his mistakes. This is a special event in the community Sangha and the Buddha's time until today. 3.2.5. Medical Exam Life-Ca-na (Kathina) The medical life-na ca-examination is done after the suicide, ending a Lent. The monks follow a three-month retreat, advance in the practice, worthy of receiving a new medical-exam-na ca y, y beyond the statutory three (UAT-most-la-rose (y rooftop ), an-momentum-Assembly (lower y), and rose-old Chile (y outermost). Thich Chon Thien, the Buddha Sangha, Religious Publishing House, tr.149. The Buddha, after every rainy season settled, the monks chant poetry-contest-na y to be five benefits: 1. In addition to the three y, the monks were stored fabric care than ten days to get used to sew cloth or her health medical care or a new life, ie y ca-na-examination. 2. No need to bring a third time as law. 3. Allowed in many real-life benefactors, as long as not too midday. 4. To own real-life group of four or more. 5. Be in the village before or after meals without notice for other monks. Buddha invented the life-thi-na ca y is to the monks be received in favorable conditions, to extend certain laws, precepts proved not rigid. Ibid, tr.150. The form and content of activities have to carry the cumbersome definition, complex; but look deeper, all manifest a life in poverty, purity, harmony, ardent; both as a result, just as the growth of Gender preparation, concentration and wisdom to lead to liberation. 4. Into the net INCREASE OF OLD MARKET 4.1. TU THANH VAN RESULTS In Indian society now have a lot of religious sects, but only to practice Buddhist Noble Eightfold Path was really fruitful. It's Quartet Sravakas results, depending on the factors of fetters are eradicated that practitioners turn attained the holy position. 4.1.1. Tu-momentum-complete (Sotapatti): This Certificate is called Tu-momentum-complete (Sotàpanna) or Admin work, you have to get rid of the lower part three fetters: The body is suspected, the first precept. Tu-momentum-complete results also known as Enter note (estimated at St.) or pinched, which means that there is at most seven reborn again to whittle away the negativity in the mind then can witness a -La-drought. 4.1.2. Tu-momentum-function (Sakadagami): It is April-momentum-function (Sakadagamin), also known as the First hybrid, you have cut through the first three fetters lower section and two fetters black comb attachment and anger will also once again to practice birth and death experience the results Arhat. 4.1.3. Since Buddha first sermon in the Deer Park (Migadàya) with the Four Noble Truths teachings, it is the historical milestone of the start of his spreading the Dharma and for ever after the disciples His righteous always remember. Since it is the first sermon of the Buddha's teachings which are the basis for the system of Buddhist teachings. From his sermon without knowing how many people from ordinary care division has become a holy person. In the Buddha's life can ci nii thnh Sangha formation is an important milestone. Since the formation of the sangha e thnh to the many people from several other needle cc class in India lc x Assembly time. Many became disciples of the Buddha in e initiates hnh they are fruits. It is noteworthy that the Dharma Sangha which is spread to people ri. Since then, the disciples of NGI e tri generations indicated above spread to other countries in the world. Today Sangha e ci many countries face the world, but the figure indicated above thnh Sangha Buddha's time still left its mark on history better rubber for disciples of NGI. Regarding research methods author of this article used the descriptive-analytical methods, reference methods and materials of a predecessor to rewrite the main points of the formation time of the Buddha Sangha thnh, besides also use other methods to support all writing more lively and flexible. In the life of the Buddha can be said that since he founded the Sangha has marked an important milestone in the work of preaching for profit delivery. Key for the formation of the sangha levels appeared Arhat great. The models have just a mirror of the practice morality and virtue, but also blessed beings filled roots being planted. Thanks Dharma Sangha teachers spread the word around and also that the teachings of Buddha spread everywhere until now. Without the Sangha, the Buddhist doctrine of not being able to be with a convenient way. It must be said that the Sangha is a great contribution to the virtues of the Buddha's birth and Buddha Sangha switched to propagate Directed blue for forever His truth endures to this day. Today the Order has flourished not only in a narrow unfortunate country has been on the world. CONTENTS 1. BACKGROUND HISTORY OF INDIA TIME BUDDHA 1.1. RELIGION India is one of the cradles of ancient civilization. Here is a civilization in the upper two major rivers are the Indus (Indus) and Gange river (Ganges). It has formed an agricultural civilization developed. Because agricultural civilization to India is a country of a culture inclined to worship many gods and mystical views of the universe. Aryan ethnic Indian residency at nagys a prosperous Punjab region, especially in terms of ideology, it is thriving. So this nation was manipulated by the first canonical, ie Rig Veda scriptures. They are divided into four class society: Brahmin (Brahmana - clergy), Sat-base-profit (Shastriya - royal clan soldiers), Phe-amnesty (Vaisya - the people, the agricultural trade) and Prime-Tara (SADRA - slave labor low level), in which caste Brahmin is the ruling class. The caste Brahmin is to appreciate and enjoy all the rights and privileges in society have created many trends or philosophies different religious practices and even against each other physicians. An ice cream social disorder with multiple class and sects had let the people of Phe-class shopping and prime-Tara extremely miserable. Many counter-Vedic thought, and especially the formation of pagan Clerk: 1. Purana Kasapa (Phu-lan-na Ca-lettuce), according to skepticism. 2. Makkhali Gosala (Mat-old Chile sentence-amnesty-la), according to the neo-course conclusion, believing in the inevitability of liberation, the ultimate of man. 3. Ajita Kesakambali (A-period multi-Ke-sa-impressed-she-la), advocates of materialism pure speech and extreme hedonism. 4. Pukudha Kaccayana (multi-line Ca-na-dien-fried), advocated Mind permanent, eternal. 5. Sanjaya Bellathiputta (Tan-Pi-la-da anonymously Guinea-private) undertakings under Inspiration, intuition adapt. 6. Nigantha Nataputta (Ni-hopea-from-theme-mail), or Ma-ha-vi-topic, cardinals Jain, advocate austerity, there is reincarnation, karma. Doctrine very reputable, there are some similarities with Buddhism. 1.2. POLITICAL Not only is home to many different religious ideas that era Germany India in Shakyamuni also politics monarchical regime. There are two countries exist the republic of antiquity is Kosala (Qiao-slap-la) and Magadha (Ma-out-momentum). Kosala in the north of India, urban Sravatsti (Xa-defense) and Magadha country south of the river Gange, urban Rajagrha (United-amnesty). The two countries are at the center of the Indian civilizations, economies developed and populated. Northeast of the capital with many families around, causing the hero of every state population at the time. Lineage of the Sakya Buddha (Gautama clan), the capital of Kapilavastu (Ca-Pi-la-defense), this region is now the Indian-Nepalese border divide, the country that is bordered on the east of Kosala north and was a vassal of the empire. Tran Phuong Lan services, the historical Buddha, Republican wide Malla kings have two dominant at Pava and Kusinara. Kusinara been described as the place is not important but where masters died in the ultimate Nirvana. Ibid, p. 35. Licchavri Republic with its capital at Vesali (Pi-amnesty-glass) and the Republic of Videha (Micro-theme-ha) with the capital Mitthila (Mi-thi-la) has joined the federal which served (Bat-term), associated with a few other tribes. In addition to the monarchy and republic also has the important tribes are Koliyas (verse-ly), in the southeast of the Republic of Sakya, the capital is Ramagama (or Koliyanagara). Further there Moriyas tribe, the capital is Pipphalivana adjacent tribal Koliya, it was not until the east. Finally Kalamas family, Kesaputta capital, is located in the corner of west direction between the Ganges River and Ghafgra. Ibid, p. 36. Although there are many kingdoms, republics, tribal but very peaceful life. Anyone can freely cross the border shared between the different regimes that. But not so that society does not have contradictions. 1.3. SOCIAL ancient times Indian peoples are respected liturgy itself, honoring the god. At first they put out the paternalistic or patriarchal hold ceremonies, company officials called the ceremony. Company officials gradually became professional holiday should be replaced by the clergy (Brahmin). Caste clergy considered themselves occupied international primacy. Four castes according to urban collective sector, hereditary slave caste should be kept to eternal slavery constitute an unjust society. The cleavages created social stratification between the rich and poor. The poor are uneducated, not attending important ceremonies, the fish do not have to strive to strive for can not cross the line giuoi class. Therefore they had to live in poverty with their fate, destitute. At that stage right, in addition to the all-powerful deity traditionally accepted belief is not a real person, a man of Lic history, greatness that close to people. A man loving fellow appeared. He does not put additional theories, new ideas, only tolerated, harmony with the practice of self-realization of the truth and giving way to help humans. After enlightenment, supreme Enlightenment, because the virtues he preached that birth centers and particularly the establishment of the Sangha to sustain Dharma circuit. It is the German Shakyamuni, steps Arhat Enlightenment. 2. INCREASING THE GROUP FORMED WHEN BUDDHA 2.1. INCREASING THE GROUP FORMED 2.1.1. The first five disciples after enlightenment under the Bodhi tree, Buddha intended to enter Nirvana because his teachings are profound evidence that inborn magic beings are inferior, difficult to enlightenment quickly as he was. At that time Brahma had requested the Buddha to preach the universe's birth. So please think of the beings are immersed in the sea of misery so he stayed on earth to preach. He immediately thought of his two teachers that he Avala Kalama and he Uddka Ramaputta but Brahma has told the Buddha that both he passed away not long ago. He immediately think of five of his friends when he was ascetic as he Annata Kondanna group (Kondanna), Bhaddiya (Bat-theme-cup), Vappa (Cross-power-ca-lettuce), Assaji (A- Low-her-mind) and Mahanama (MA-men-v-profit), they can be enlightened by his teachings so he went to Deer Park where they practice to preach; the content of the sermon is the Four Noble Truths. "In this moment, ten thousand world motion, vibration, vibration. And an immeasurable glory, generosity that shines in the world, exceeding powerful gods "Samyutta V, chapter 12, the second, economic Zhuan Falun, p. 611 .. After hearing the Buddha's Four Noble Truths sermon, the delusion is shattered, intellectual detachment appeared, five are enlightened, the entries fruition Arhat. It was the first five disciples of Buddha Shakyamuni Thus, the Three Jewels are formed from the following: Buddha Shakyamuni Buddha, Dharma teachings as the Four Great and increased security Kondanna group. When the Buddha attained enlightenment, go teach beings in the image of a Monks, who called Him the Great recluse (Maha Samana) and call His disciples as the recluse Like death (Sakyaputtaya Samana). And the disciples of the Buddha, the monk himself called Bhikkhu (monks), as mendicants, living with no home, no family. 2.1.2. Touched Yasa Yasa and his friends from Deer Park, the Buddha went to Benares (Ba-la-complaint), where he teaches a young man as Yasa (Da-amnesty), son of a businessman boasts rich people, a union president in Benares, the silk trader. Yasa is a youth is to indulge in all aspects of life too satisfied with his orgiastic should mind went blank. Tran Phuong Lan services, the historical Buddha, He fed the family life full of luxury, see seems bored secular life in young men, the Buddha went to his theory of a sermon "easy stuff" Ibid, p. 175, is straightforward issues such as generosity, morality, the realm of God and the disadvantages of sensual pleasures. He obtained the "glass ceiling French label array structure" ie see "anything under the laws arising are subject to the law of annihilation". Soon he became ordained disciples were Yasa attained Arhat. Four other friends of the venerable Yasa Gentrification is also in line Vimala (Pi-ma-la), Subahu (Tu-her-almost ), Purnajit (Phu-lan-ca-na) and Gavampati (Old-her-canvas-topic) also apply to the refuge, hear of the Buddha were attained Arhat. Now, in addition to Buddha congregation ten position Arhat. At Benares, the Buddha was exchanged for a few dozen more taste, these people in neighboring countries, are friends and relatives of Venerable Yasa, or from the new Arhat attained. When the congregation has been sixty're Arhat, he taught the disciples go and teach everyone a place, do not go to two people sharing a line with each other, because compassion for the world, for the benefit for gods and men that brought the Dhamma preached everywhere. Thus, when his disciples sixty Arhat're going culture being formed Sangha. With a Mission missionary activities which advocated the establishment of the Order was made, certainly the disciple of the Buddha is also very important. Not to mention the two merchants that met at Uruvela Buddha's first disciple but please refuge and ordained religious house of Yasa's parents. These laymen is an indispensable force. In a continuation of the Buddha means for children to join the Sangha. That is the case of Rahula (Rāhula) makes the King was surprised because Ruhula too young compared to the disciples in the Sangha. In the spirit to avoid the hassle of following up the Buddha gave a number of provisions not allowed in some cases joined the sangha (applies to both increase and nuns), aka the thirteen elderly victims. 2.2 . THE FORMATION OF Vihara 2.2.1. Veluvana (Truc Lam Vihara) In the early years, the Buddha and his disciples, his renunciation is the increased travel and live by alms and often reside overnight in a tree in the woods. There are also monks as shelter huts with leaves or reside in caves. By the third year after the Buddha attained enlightenment, the monastic disciples, his house was crowded and gain the favor of the masses. Magadha king Bimbisara water refuge in the Buddha and asked for donations Veluvana Forest (Bamboo Forest) where the king for building fully equipped for use as his residence, including lecture halls, buildings, items and everything for Buddhist teachings delegation to a thousand people. This is the first abode, beginning a period of permanent residence. Vesakha coming months (around May 4-5 lunar calendar) is the rainy season, the Buddha and the monks to settle second summer here. 2.2.2. Jivakarama (United Baht Vihara) Buddhist reputation and Sangha increasing, many people came to ask for refuge in religious precepts. The well-off homeowners understand the teachings and learned the benefit of the teachings brought many people have donated part of their land for the construction of the Buddhist Vihara at monks. Many Vihara was growing up, of which not to mention is Jivakarama (Vihara States Baht), in the suburbs of Rajagadha (United-amnesty), who offered his residence was Jivaka, a medicine, surgery illustrious name of the Buddha. 3.2.3. Jetavanarama (Jetavana Vihara) Essential Student Member States (Jetavanarama), in Sāvatthi, his residence is bourgeois Anthapindika (Anathapindaka) donated garden which he bought United-Prince where Prince Prince momentum and trees States-momentum donations. So, people often called Anathapindaka Life Member States. Gentrification then built a huge number of his residence with all sorts of rooms, auditorium, kitchen, warehouse, toilet, place a stroll, well-cast, well with the cap, bathing, bathroom, pool ... We can say Vihara Vihara Signed Vienna is the biggest time now, it is here that Buddha has settled 25 summer and more importantly was his sermon in this place theory. 2.2.4. Ghositarama (Cu Latino Student Teacher) Sa at Kosambi, so bourgeois Ghosita with his two friends and colleagues are Kukkuta Pavariya construction. Perhaps this Vihara built the largest and longest-lasting. Vihara is the abode of the gods continually monks over a thousand years before being destroyed by the influx Hungarian troops invaded Kosambi. When this is the place where ancient Buddha NOTES many important sectors. In addition to the aforementioned Vihara Vihara there are large and small scattered all over the India as Ambapali - Vana, Markathrada in Vesali; Udambari-Karama in Sappini River, Kukkutarama, Pavaxikanivana are in Kosambi; Nigrodharama (Ni-questions-momentum) in Kapilavatthu; Isipatana (Deer Park) in Baranasi ... The Vihara is nowadays also known, others remaining former ground, slightly traces of architecture that archaeologists have recorded traces. When the ancient Vihara at this, but the monks are gathered together to practice. San retreat months have witness many results, and also where it came from the Catholic holy beings have extraordinary beings, bringing many benefits to the gods and mankind. 2.3. THE FORMATION GROUP NI 2.3.1. Nuns first year 524 BC. Tran Phuong Lan services, the historical Buddha, ie the sixth year after the Buddha attained enlightenment, King was ice. Buddha table with royal clan brought Venerable Mahanama Anuradha's brother became king. Arranging the tide and finished Buddha disciples Nirodha forest, suburban Kapilavatthu. She Pajapati (Ma-ha-Ba-ba-theme-bar) to pray to Buddha for women are made ​​giatu out, live life no family. After three times refused pleas cell samples, Buddha and the Sangha returned Vesaly. She led 500 women belonging to the Sakya clan, scrape off the hair itself, categorically yellow robes to Vesaly please be ordained. Finally, by the Venerable Ananda, and begs for help, Buddha accepted her plea and stated "disrespectful approach", content to uphold the great nature of the Sangha in guiding the education of nuns that life a bhikkhunī must respect. Thus, she Mahapajapati first disciples of Buddha ni. 2.3.2. Content "disrespectful approach" 1. Monks and nuns have only their health but for monks ordained. 2. Monks and nuns have fortnightly basis to their residence where monks visiting tutor ceremony. 3. Monks and nuns once a year to settle their fetters. If the monks khoogn have them does absolutely not allowed to own land fetters independence. 4. Monks and nuns not to move or speak faults guilty monks. In contrast, the monks have the right to tell the faults of monks and nuns. 5. Bhikkhunī if missed Increased crime museum itself must repent before applying them two monks and the monks and nuns in the most recent period slapping Dad. 6. Monks and nuns were ordained though long a hundred years, but hungry for new monks to be ordained still bowed respectfully bowed hands together in salute. 7. Monks and nuns after Lent must come first monks ask for things unworthy of his attention, whether things were or eyes to see, ears to hear or doubts. 8. Pi-kheop something ni monks accused asked that if for some reason that monks do not respond, do not ask append (Law Part Four: Ni is not defamatory increase). Cao Huu Dinh, Buddhist and noble, Di Pajapati and women form the Sakya clan happy to accept eight measures on. Since then the congregation monks and nuns was founded by Mahapajapati and education leaders with the support of the monks, the training organization ingenious Mahapajapati, nuns grew rapidly. Many monks and nuns attained Arhat, many highly reputed for the masses and the court. We can find evidence of the case and leave the results interesting verse of the position in the Therigatha (Presbyterian Ni shelves). 3. ABOUT THE LAW AND LIVING INCREASE OF OLD 3.1. FORMING ABOUT THE OBLIGATIONS Patimokkha Sangha every winter day, but most of holiness. Until the thirteenth year, the church has monks Tu-theme-na lost dignity, Buddha regime stronghold world to protect their status increased. In the group there Sangha monks Luc pants usually disunity and committed many errors, depending on the crime severity Buddha sequential processing to those precepts, rules are rules for monastic life. Ministry Patimokkha (Ba-la-theme-rustic-rub) Increase consisting of 225 or 227 men, Ni 311 men (according to Theravada or Southern transmission) and a 250 Increase gender, Ni 348 or 350 men (according to Mahayana and Mahayana), 10 sex for mobile and Sa Sa-di-ni (on North Communication). So, in the spirit of the precepts that the Buddha was prepared in order to prevent these mistakes can happen gay lifestyle affect the purity of the Sangha and also to protect the individual, but step on the road practice. 3.2. SENIORS LIVING INCREASE OF 3.2.1. The timetable for each day in the morning, after meditation, the Buddha and the monks seeking alms. The walks all over you, in order of each state, regardless of wealth, to humble to receive food offerings to homeowners. In law does not allow the monks in the village too early or too late, unless there is only invited but homeowners must work with them increased transparency. The teacher used the time before and after the alms to visit that pain sermon. Alms finished, return to your abode or a base somewhere and the only meal of the day. After the meal, the things you packed up, resting for a moment in a big tree or an empty house for meditation. Close to sunset, the taste back to hear Buddhist abode or the Presbyterian preacher. After the legal position is often discussed together in doctrine and practice experience. In the evening, alternating between each farm and to sleep and then wake up and walking meditation. Apparently the only sleeping position about four or five hours a day, time left for practice. Contents of practice include World - The - Tue. 3.2.2. Dad slapped (Uposatha) potash is interpreted as a regular ceremony held twice a month on the day of the Black renovation (new moons) and White update (full moon day), in which the monks gathered together to read The main tenets such as the Four Truths, dependent origination, selflessness ... but later when they formed the monastic monks gather to recite the monastic and consider whether anything in violation of repentance. Day slaps father, according to the methods of Buddhist institutions, is to un-molding the lives of the monks moral purification, build unity in the Sangha community, demonstrated fundamental nature of learning in the Three Study About The World Property. 3.2.3. An apartment (Vassavasa) of Buddhist Lent is a time for the monks live in harmony pure fun, study, discuss the teaching and practice of meditation. This offering is applicable to the three-month rainy season, starting on the full moon month Sravana (approximately on May 15th lunar calendar). During this time monks vie travel restrictions to avoid a stampede insects and rain for months on alms to monks also difficult abode in a place in psychology and religious studies. Despite settling time sooner or later have to round three-month retreat. Also thanks to the three-month retreat that many have seen the results of the four holy bar text. 3.2.4. Self quartet (Pavarana) suicide is the ceremony was held on the final day of the season retreat. That day, the monks requested the other monks raised his faults to her before he repented. Thus, a form of collective and individual critics individuals cons, expressed regret for his mistakes. This is a special event in the community Sangha and the Buddha's time until today. 3.2.5. Medical Exam Life-Ca-na (Kathina) The medical life-na ca-examination is done after the suicide, ending a Lent. The monks follow a three-month retreat, advance in the practice, worthy of receiving a new medical-exam-na ca y, y beyond the statutory three (UAT-most-la-rose (y rooftop ), an-momentum-Assembly (lower y), and rose-old Chile (y outermost). Thich Chon Thien, the Buddha Sangha, Religious Publishing House, tr.149. The Buddha, after every rainy season settled, the monks chant poetry-contest-na y to be five benefits: 1. In addition to the three y, the monks were stored fabric care than ten days to get used to sew cloth or her health medical care or a new life, ie y ca-na-examination. 2. No need to bring a third time as law. 3. Allowed in many real-life benefactors, as long as not too midday. 4. To own real-life group of four or more. 5. Be in the village before or after meals without notice for other monks. Buddha invented the life-thi-na ca y is to the monks be received in favorable conditions, to extend certain laws, precepts proved not rigid. Ibid, tr.150. The form and content of activities have to carry the cumbersome definition, complex; but look deeper, all manifest a life in poverty, purity, harmony, ardent; both as a result, just as the growth of Gender preparation, concentration and wisdom to lead to liberation. 4. Into the net INCREASE OF OLD MARKET 4.1. TU THANH VAN RESULTS In Indian society now have a lot of religious sects, but only to practice Buddhist Noble Eightfold Path was really fruitful. It's Quartet Sravakas results, depending on the factors of fetters are eradicated that practitioners turn attained the holy position. 4.1.1. Tu-momentum-complete (Sotapatti): This Certificate is called Tu-momentum-complete (Sotàpanna) or Admin work, you have to get rid of the lower part three fetters: The body is suspected, the first precept. Tu-momentum-complete results also known as Enter note (estimated at St.) or pinched, which means that there is at most seven reborn again to whittle away the negativity in the mind then can witness a -La-drought. 4.1.2. Tu-momentum-function (Sakadagami): It is April-momentum-function (Sakadagamin), also known as the First hybrid, you have cut through the first three fetters lower section and two fetters black comb attachment and anger will also once again to practice birth and death experience the results Arhat. 4.1.3. The models have just a mirror of the practice morality and virtue, but also blessed beings filled roots being planted. Thanks Dharma Sangha teachers spread the word around and also that the teachings of Buddha spread everywhere until now. Without the Sangha, the Buddhist doctrine of not being able to be with a convenient way. It must be said that the Sangha is a great contribution to the virtues of the Buddha's birth and Buddha Sangha switched to propagate Directed blue for forever His truth endures to this day. Today the Order has flourished not only in a narrow unfortunate country has been on the world. CONTENTS 1. BACKGROUND HISTORY OF INDIA TIME BUDDHA 1.1. RELIGION India is one of the cradles of ancient civilization. Here is a civilization in the upper two major rivers are the Indus (Indus) and Gange river (Ganges). It has formed an agricultural civilization developed. Because agricultural civilization to India is a country of a culture inclined to worship many gods and mystical views of the universe. Aryan ethnic Indian residency at nagys a prosperous Punjab region, especially in terms of ideology, it is thriving. So this nation was manipulated by the first canonical, ie Rig Veda scriptures. They are divided into four class society: Brahmin (Brahmana - clergy), Sat-base-profit (Shastriya - royal clan soldiers), Phe-amnesty (Vaisya - the people, the agricultural trade) and Prime-Tara (SADRA - slave labor low level), in which caste Brahmin is the ruling class. The caste Brahmin is to appreciate and enjoy all the rights and privileges in society have created many trends or philosophies different religious practices and even against each other physicians. An ice cream social disorder with multiple class and sects had let the people of Phe-class shopping and prime-Tara extremely miserable. Many counter-Vedic thought, and especially the formation of pagan Clerk: 1. Purana Kasapa (Phu-lan-na Ca-lettuce), according to skepticism. 2. Makkhali Gosala (Mat-old Chile sentence-amnesty-la), according to the neo-course conclusion, believing in the inevitability of liberation, the ultimate of man. 3. Ajita Kesakambali (A-period multi-Ke-sa-impressed-she-la), advocates of materialism pure speech and extreme hedonism. 4. Pukudha Kaccayana (multi-line Ca-na-dien-fried), advocated Mind permanent, eternal. 5. Sanjaya Bellathiputta (Tan-Pi-la-da anonymously Guinea-private) undertakings under Inspiration, intuition adapt. 6. Nigantha Nataputta (Ni-hopea-from-theme-mail), or Ma-ha-vi-topic, cardinals Jain, advocate austerity, there is reincarnation, karma. Doctrine very reputable, there are some similarities with Buddhism. 1.2. POLITICAL Not only is home to many different religious ideas that era Germany India in Shakyamuni also politics monarchical regime. There are two countries exist the republic of antiquity is Kosala (Qiao-slap-la) and Magadha (Ma-out-momentum). Kosala in the north of India, urban Sravatsti (Xa-defense) and Magadha country south of the river Gange, urban Rajagrha (United-amnesty). The two countries are at the center of the Indian civilizations, economies developed and populated. Northeast of the capital with many families around, causing the hero of every state population at the time. Lineage of the Sakya Buddha (Gautama clan), the capital of Kapilavastu (Ca-Pi-la-defense), this region is now the Indian-Nepalese border divide, the country that is bordered on the east of Kosala north and was a vassal of the empire. Tran Phuong Lan services, the historical Buddha, Republican wide Malla kings have two dominant at Pava and Kusinara. Kusinara been described as the place is not important but where masters died in the ultimate Nirvana. Ibid, p. 35. Licchavri Republic with its capital at Vesali (Pi-amnesty-glass) and the Republic of Videha (Micro-theme-ha) with the capital Mitthila (Mi-thi-la) has joined the federal which served (Bat-term), associated with a few other tribes. In addition to the monarchy and republic also has the important tribes are Koliyas (verse-ly), in the southeast of the Republic of Sakya, the capital is Ramagama (or Koliyanagara). Further there Moriyas tribe, the capital is Pipphalivana adjacent tribal Koliya, it was not until the east. Finally Kalamas family, Kesaputta capital, is located in the corner of west direction between the Ganges River and Ghafgra. Ibid, p. 36. Although there are many kingdoms, republics, tribal but very peaceful life. Anyone can freely cross the border shared between the different regimes that. But not so that society does not have contradictions. 1.3. SOCIAL ancient times Indian peoples are respected liturgy itself, honoring the god. At first they put out the paternalistic or patriarchal hold ceremonies, company officials called the ceremony. Company officials gradually became professional holiday should be replaced by the clergy (Brahmin). Caste clergy considered themselves occupied international primacy. Four castes according to urban collective sector, hereditary slave caste should be kept to eternal slavery constitute an unjust society. The cleavages created social stratification between the rich and poor. The poor are uneducated, not attending important ceremonies, the fish do not have to strive to strive for can not cross the line giuoi class. Therefore they had to live in poverty with their fate, destitute. At that stage right, in addition to the all-powerful deity traditionally accepted belief is not a real person, a man of Lic history, greatness that close to people. A man loving fellow appeared. He does not put additional theories, new ideas, only tolerated, harmony with the practice of self-realization of the truth and giving way to help humans. After enlightenment, supreme Enlightenment, because the virtues he preached that birth centers and particularly the establishment of the Sangha to sustain Dharma circuit. It is the German Shakyamuni, steps Arhat Enlightenment. 2. INCREASING THE GROUP FORMED WHEN BUDDHA 2.1. INCREASING THE GROUP FORMED 2.1.1. The first five disciples after enlightenment under the Bodhi tree, Buddha intended to enter Nirvana because his teachings are profound evidence that inborn magic beings are inferior, difficult to enlightenment quickly as he was. At that time Brahma had requested the Buddha to preach the universe's birth. So please think of the beings are immersed in the sea of misery so he stayed on earth to preach. He immediately thought of his two teachers that he Avala Kalama and he Uddka Ramaputta but Brahma has told the Buddha that both he passed away not long ago. He immediately think of five of his friends when he was ascetic as he Annata Kondanna group (Kondanna), Bhaddiya (Bat-theme-cup), Vappa (Cross-power-ca-lettuce), Assaji (A- Low-her-mind) and Mahanama (MA-men-v-profit), they can be enlightened by his teachings so he went to Deer Park where they practice to preach; the content of the sermon is the Four Noble Truths. "In this moment, ten thousand world motion, vibration, vibration. And an immeasurable glory, generosity that shines in the world, exceeding powerful gods "Samyutta V, chapter 12, the second, economic Zhuan Falun, p. 611 .. After hearing the Buddha's Four Noble Truths sermon, the delusion is shattered, intellectual detachment appeared, five are enlightened, the entries fruition Arhat. It was the first five disciples of Buddha Shakyamuni Thus, the Three Jewels are formed from the following: Buddha Shakyamuni Buddha, Dharma teachings as the Four Great and increased security Kondanna group. When the Buddha attained enlightenment, go teach beings in the image of a Monks, who called Him the Great recluse (Maha Samana) and call His disciples as the recluse Like death (Sakyaputtaya Samana). And the disciples of the Buddha, the monk himself called Bhikkhu (monks), as mendicants, living with no home, no family. 2.1.2. Touched Yasa Yasa and his friends from Deer Park, the Buddha went to Benares (Ba-la-complaint), where he teaches a young man as Yasa (Da-amnesty), son of a businessman boasts rich people, a union president in Benares, the silk trader. Yasa is a youth is to indulge in all aspects of life too satisfied with his orgiastic should mind went blank. Tran Phuong Lan services, the historical Buddha, He fed the family life full of luxury, see seems bored secular life in young men, the Buddha went to his theory of a sermon "easy stuff" Ibid, p. 175, is straightforward issues such as generosity, morality, the realm of God and the disadvantages of sensual pleasures. He obtained the "glass ceiling French label array structure" ie see "anything under the laws arising are subject to the law of annihilation". Soon he became ordained disciples were Yasa attained Arhat. Four other friends of the venerable Yasa Gentrification is also in line Vimala (Pi-ma-la), Subahu (Tu-her-almost ), Purnajit (Phu-lan-ca-na) and Gavampati (Old-her-canvas-topic) also apply to the refuge, hear of the Buddha were attained Arhat. Now, in addition to Buddha congregation ten position Arhat. At Benares, the Buddha was exchanged for a few dozen more taste, these people in neighboring countries, are friends and relatives of Venerable Yasa, or from the new Arhat attained. When the congregation has been sixty're Arhat, he taught the disciples go and teach everyone a place, do not go to two people sharing a line with each other, because compassion for the world, for the benefit for gods and men that brought the Dhamma preached everywhere. Thus, when his disciples sixty Arhat're going culture being formed Sangha. With a Mission missionary activities which advocated the establishment of the Order was made, certainly the disciple of the Buddha is also very important. Not to mention the two merchants that met at Uruvela Buddha's first disciple but please refuge and ordained religious house of Yasa's parents. These laymen is an indispensable force. In a continuation of the Buddha means for children to join the Sangha. That is the case of Rahula (Rāhula) makes the King was surprised because Ruhula too young compared to the disciples in the Sangha. In the spirit to avoid the hassle of following up the Buddha gave a number of provisions not allowed in some cases joined the sangha (applies to both increase and nuns), aka the thirteen elderly victims. 2.2 . THE FORMATION OF Vihara 2.2.1. Veluvana (Truc Lam Vihara) In the early years, the Buddha and his disciples, his renunciation is the increased travel and live by alms and often reside overnight in a tree in the woods. There are also monks as shelter huts with leaves or reside in caves. By the third year after the Buddha attained enlightenment, the monastic disciples, his house was crowded and gain the favor of the masses. Magadha king Bimbisara water refuge in the Buddha and asked for donations Veluvana Forest (Bamboo Forest) where the king for building fully equipped for use as his residence, including lecture halls, buildings, items and everything for Buddhist teachings delegation to a thousand people. This is the first abode, beginning a period of permanent residence. Vesakha coming months (around May 4-5 lunar calendar) is the rainy season, the Buddha and the monks to settle second summer here. 2.2.2. Jivakarama (United Baht Vihara) Buddhist reputation and Sangha increasing, many people came to ask for refuge in religious precepts. The well-off homeowners understand the teachings and learned the benefit of the teachings brought many people have donated part of their land for the construction of the Buddhist Vihara at monks. Many Vihara was growing up, of which not to mention is Jivakarama (Vihara States Baht), in the suburbs of Rajagadha (United-amnesty), who offered his residence was Jivaka, a medicine, surgery illustrious name of the Buddha. 3.2.3. Jetavanarama (Jetavana Vihara) Essential Student Member States (Jetavanarama), in Sāvatthi, his residence is bourgeois Anthapindika (Anathapindaka) donated garden which he bought United-Prince where Prince Prince momentum and trees States-momentum donations. So, people often called Anathapindaka Life Member States. Gentrification then built a huge number of his residence with all sorts of rooms, auditorium, kitchen, warehouse, toilet, place a stroll, well-cast, well with the cap, bathing, bathroom, pool ... We can say Vihara Vihara Signed Vienna is the biggest time now, it is here that Buddha has settled 25 summer and more importantly was his sermon in this place theory. 2.2.4. Ghositarama (Cu Latino Student Teacher) Sa at Kosambi, so bourgeois Ghosita with his two friends and colleagues are Kukkuta Pavariya construction. Perhaps this Vihara built the largest and longest-lasting. Vihara is the abode of the gods continually monks over a thousand years before being destroyed by the influx Hungarian troops invaded Kosambi. When this is the place where ancient Buddha NOTES many important sectors. In addition to the aforementioned Vihara Vihara there are large and small scattered all over the India as Ambapali - Vana, Markathrada in Vesali; Udambari-Karama in Sappini River, Kukkutarama, Pavaxikanivana are in Kosambi; Nigrodharama (Ni-questions-momentum) in Kapilavatthu; Isipatana (Deer Park) in Baranasi ... The Vihara is nowadays also known, others remaining former ground, slightly traces of architecture that archaeologists have recorded traces. When the ancient Vihara at this, but the monks are gathered together to practice. San retreat months have witness many results, and also where it came from the Catholic holy beings have extraordinary beings, bringing many benefits to the gods and mankind. 2.3. THE FORMATION GROUP NI 2.3.1. Nuns first year 524 BC. Tran Phuong Lan services, the historical Buddha, ie the sixth year after the Buddha attained enlightenment, King was ice. Buddha table with royal clan brought Venerable Mahanama Anuradha's brother became king. Arranging the tide and finished Buddha disciples Nirodha forest, suburban Kapilavatthu. She Pajapati (Ma-ha-Ba-ba-theme-bar) to pray to Buddha for women are made ​​giatu out, live life no family. After three times refused pleas cell samples, Buddha and the Sangha returned Vesaly. She led 500 women belonging to the Sakya clan, scrape off the hair itself, categorically yellow robes to Vesaly please be ordained. Finally, by the Venerable Ananda, and begs for help, Buddha accepted her plea and stated "disrespectful approach", content to uphold the great nature of the Sangha in guiding the education of nuns that life a bhikkhunī must respect. Thus, she Mahapajapati first disciples of Buddha ni. 2.3.2. Content "disrespectful approach" 1. Monks and nuns have only their health but for monks ordained. 2. Monks and nuns have fortnightly basis to their residence where monks visiting tutor ceremony. 3. Monks and nuns once a year to settle their fetters. If the monks khoogn have them does absolutely not allowed to own land fetters independence. 4. Monks and nuns not to move or speak faults guilty monks. In contrast, the monks have the right to tell the faults of monks and nuns. 5. Bhikkhunī if missed Increased crime museum itself must repent before applying them two monks and the monks and nuns in the most recent period slapping Dad. 6. Monks and nuns were ordained though long a hundred years, but hungry for new monks to be ordained still bowed respectfully bowed hands together in salute. 7. Monks and nuns after Lent must come first monks ask for things unworthy of his attention, whether things were or eyes to see, ears to hear or doubts. 8. Pi-kheop something ni monks accused asked that if for some reason that monks do not respond, do not ask append (Law Part Four: Ni is not defamatory increase). Cao Huu Dinh, Buddhist and noble, Di Pajapati and women form the Sakya clan happy to accept eight measures on. Since then the congregation monks and nuns was founded by Mahapajapati and education leaders with the support of the monks, the training organization ingenious Mahapajapati, nuns grew rapidly. Many monks and nuns attained Arhat, many highly reputed for the masses and the court. We can find evidence of the case and leave the results interesting verse of the position in the Therigatha (Presbyterian Ni shelves). 3. ABOUT THE LAW AND LIVING INCREASE OF OLD 3.1. FORMING ABOUT THE OBLIGATIONS Patimokkha Sangha every winter day, but most of holiness. Until the thirteenth year, the church has monks Tu-theme-na lost dignity, Buddha regime stronghold world to protect their status increased. In the group there Sangha monks Luc pants usually disunity and committed many errors, depending on the crime severity Buddha sequential processing to those precepts, rules are rules for monastic life. Ministry Patimokkha (Ba-la-theme-rustic-rub) Increase consisting of 225 or 227 men, Ni 311 men (according to Theravada or Southern transmission) and a 250 Increase gender, Ni 348 or 350 men (according to Mahayana and Mahayana), 10 sex for mobile and Sa Sa-di-ni (on North Communication). So, in the spirit of the precepts that the Buddha was prepared in order to prevent these mistakes can happen gay lifestyle affect the purity of the Sangha and also to protect the individual, but step on the road practice. 3.2. SENIORS LIVING INCREASE OF 3.2.1. The timetable for each day in the morning, after meditation, the Buddha and the monks seeking alms. The walks all over you, in order of each state, regardless of wealth, to humble to receive food offerings to homeowners. In law does not allow the monks in the village too early or too late, unless there is only invited but homeowners must work with them increased transparency. The teacher used the time before and after the alms to visit that pain sermon. Alms finished, return to your abode or a base somewhere and the only meal of the day. After the meal, the things you packed up, resting for a moment in a big tree or an empty house for meditation. Close to sunset, the taste back to hear Buddhist abode or the Presbyterian preacher. After the legal position is often discussed together in doctrine and practice experience. In the evening, alternating between each farm and to sleep and then wake up and walking meditation. Apparently the only sleeping position about four or five hours a day, time left for practice. Contents of practice include World - The - Tue. 3.2.2. Dad slapped (Uposatha) potash is interpreted as a regular ceremony held twice a month on the day of the Black renovation (new moons) and White update (full moon day), in which the monks gathered together to read The main tenets such as the Four Truths, dependent origination, selflessness ... but later when they formed the monastic monks gather to recite the monastic and consider whether anything in violation of repentance. Day slaps father, according to the methods of Buddhist institutions, is to un-molding the lives of the monks moral purification, build unity in the Sangha community, demonstrated fundamental nature of learning in the Three Study About The World Property. 3.2.3. An apartment (Vassavasa) of Buddhist Lent is a time for the monks live in harmony pure fun, study, discuss the teaching and practice of meditation. This offering is applicable to the three-month rainy season, starting on the full moon month Sravana (approximately on May 15th lunar calendar). During this time monks vie travel restrictions to avoid a stampede insects and rain for months on alms to monks also difficult abode in a place in psychology and religious studies. Despite settling time sooner or later have to round three-month retreat. Also thanks to the three-month retreat that many have seen the results of the four holy bar text. 3.2.4. Self quartet (Pavarana) suicide is the ceremony was held on the final day of the season retreat. That day, the monks requested the other monks raised his faults to her before he repented. Thus, a form of collective and individual critics individuals cons, expressed regret for his mistakes. This is a special event in the community Sangha and the Buddha's time until today. 3.2.5. Medical Exam Life-Ca-na (Kathina) The medical life-na ca-examination is done after the suicide, ending a Lent. The monks follow a three-month retreat, advance in the practice, worthy of receiving a new medical-exam-na ca y, y beyond the statutory three (UAT-most-la-rose (y rooftop ), an-momentum-Assembly (lower y), and rose-old Chile (y outermost). Thich Chon Thien, the Buddha Sangha, Religious Publishing House, tr.149. The Buddha, after every rainy season settled, the monks chant poetry-contest-na y to be five benefits: 1. In addition to the three y, the monks were stored fabric care than ten days to get used to sew cloth or her health medical care or a new life, ie y ca-na-examination. 2. No need to bring a third time as law. 3. Allowed in many real-life benefactors, as long as not too midday. 4. To own real-life group of four or more. 5. Be in the village before or after meals without notice for other monks. Buddha invented the life-thi-na ca y is to the monks be received in favorable conditions, to extend certain laws, precepts proved not rigid. Ibid, tr.150. The form and content of activities have to carry the cumbersome definition, complex; but look deeper, all manifest a life in poverty, purity, harmony, ardent; both as a result, just as the growth of Gender preparation, concentration and wisdom to lead to liberation. 4. Into the net INCREASE OF OLD MARKET 4.1. TU THANH VAN RESULTS In Indian society now have a lot of religious sects, but only to practice Buddhist Noble Eightfold Path was really fruitful. It's Quartet Sravakas results, depending on the factors of fetters are eradicated that practitioners turn attained the holy position. 4.1.1. Tu-momentum-complete (Sotapatti): This Certificate is called Tu-momentum-complete (Sotàpanna) or Admin work, you have to get rid of the lower part three fetters: The body is suspected, the first precept. Tu-momentum-complete results also known as Enter note (estimated at St.) or pinched, which means that there is at most seven reborn again to whittle away the negativity in the mind then can witness a -La-drought. 4.1.2. Tu-momentum-function (Sakadagami): It is April-momentum-function (Sakadagamin), also known as the First hybrid, you have cut through the first three fetters lower section and two fetters black comb attachment and anger will also once again to practice birth and death experience the results Arhat. 4.1.3. A-na-function (Anagami): Stock performance is called A-na-function (Anagamin), you have to get rid of the fetter in the lower part (the body is suspected, manually precepts, greed, anger). A-na-function is also known as No hybrid, which means no return to the human world that is reborn in another realm or Immaterial Lust, from which to practice and attain supreme. 4.1.4. Arhat (Arahat): This Certificate practitioner called Arhat (Arahat), have completely eradicated the ten fetters are fetters in the lower part of the upper section above and in fetters ( Organic loving, very friendly loving, romantic, agitation, delusion), organic love: love exists, like planes Sac; very useful charity: wish did not exist, want in the realm of Immaterial; Chronic: heart arrogance, accept that there attained; agitation: relationship agitated, confused; ignorance: as ignorant as also in the upper part by fetters obscured. You Arhat also called Infinite birth (or Any student: never again, ending samsara) is the ultimate enlightenment, nirvana. The Buddha and Arhat're usually takes describe the cessation of rebirth inspired by the "Born took advantage, dignity became, the to-do list done, laid down the burden, since it no longer return to this state again." No more back this state that is not reborn, reborn without means were liberated, that liberation is Nirvana. 4.2. TAM NOTES - SCHEDULE FOR Buddha always spoke highly of you Arhat. He himself has repeatedly stated that the Arhat is the ultimate fruition, ultimately, liberation, peace of mind often, proving to enter Nirvana. He also claims that his disciples may have greater capacity as Sanming, Luc information ... is intellectual and spiritual powers which he attained under the Bodhi roots. 4.2.1. Sanming In Buddhism this is called Tam reached at Arhat called Sanming Institute of Buddhist Studies, Buddhist Studies Sino-Vietnamese dictionary. Equivocal position clear solution is called Ming. Also known as Tri Tri demonstrate intelligence or recognizing things clear, concise. Sanming include: - Additional strong intelligence: see, knows all about his past life in the three worlds as being somewhere, doing nothing ... well now - proving God label: see, know all the essence of the universe and its structural causes. - Gonorrhea make smart: know the origin of suffering and misery to control your method to be liberated from rebirth. 4.2.2. Paw through In Buddhism, yogi monk attained Arhat, Oils defilements, liberation, the six magic. Trung Doan Also, Buddhism Dictionary, - Heaven label: the label found its inspiration in the world around creatures vastly current. - God atrial communication: atrial force is heard everywhere, and for all human fame and other species. - Tha clearinghouse: the knowing mind mind power, preferences, needs of others. - Additional network: hat mentality is to know your past lives. - Spirit sufficient information: There are two meanings: a Kabbalah is liberated as expected, two for a moment want to go immediately to be desired, not tangible objects as obstacles. - Gonorrhea make informed: that was so wise, no longer be bothered brain was cold, birth and death means liberation. Only you Arhat, the new visual evidence is status Single, still three early saints result can not be achieved. Thus, the monks, monks and nuns to practice according to the Buddha can the holy obtained, depending on the base and that practice. The church is a testament to the practice in accordance with the Dhamma, not just words down. Elaborately practice going through the diligent practice of meditation and the efforts of the practitioners themselves are so new. It is the result of the culture of the Buddha and the monks radical monks in the sangha. CONCLUSIONS 1. Influence of the Sangha for equality ideological class formation can say time Sangha now has to cross a resonance for Indian society. With great compassion to all beings wounded Buddha was in no hurry to enter Nirvana in the world spreading the Dharma. Exalted lot of people have to capital from many classes of society, such as class Sat-base-profit, caste Brahmin, to the outcasts of society. Many people belonging to lower caste, despicable, after taking refuge in the Dharma not only become the typical personality be respected and respect. Special characters such as Angulimala, was already notorious killer but after becoming monks also-anonymous Persian king revered offerings. As Sunita was cleaning toilets, Svati the fishing mechanic, who cowherd Nanda, Upali the barber, Ambapali the female century, Vimala is a prostitute, Purna is the son of the slave woman, Chapa human hunters, these are typical examples to articulate the spirit of equality in the social class of Buddhism. 2. Influence of the Sangha for gender equality ideology The models have just a mirror of the practice morality and virtue, but also blessed beings filled roots being planted. Thanks Dharma Sangha teachers spread the word around and also that the teachings of Buddha spread everywhere until now. Without the Sangha, the Buddhist doctrine of not being able to be with a convenient way. It must be said that the Sangha is a great contribution to the virtues of the Buddha's birth and Buddha Sangha switched to propagate Directed blue for forever His truth endures to this day. Today the Order has flourished not only in a narrow unfortunate country has been on the world. CONTENTS 1. BACKGROUND HISTORY OF INDIA TIME BUDDHA 1.1. RELIGION India is one of the cradles of ancient civilization. Here is a civilization in the upper two major rivers are the Indus (Indus) and Gange river (Ganges). It has formed an agricultural civilization developed. Because agricultural civilization to India is a country of a culture inclined to worship many gods and mystical views of the universe. Aryan ethnic Indian residency at nagys a prosperous Punjab region, especially in terms of ideology, it is thriving. So this nation was manipulated by the first canonical, ie Rig Veda scriptures. They are divided into four class society: Brahmin (Brahmana - clergy), Sat-base-profit (Shastriya - royal clan soldiers), Phe-amnesty (Vaisya - the people, the agricultural trade) and Prime-Tara (SADRA - slave labor low level), in which caste Brahmin is the ruling class. The caste Brahmin is to appreciate and enjoy all the rights and privileges in society have created many trends or philosophies different religious practices and even against each other physicians. An ice cream social disorder with multiple class and sects had let the people of Phe-class shopping and prime-Tara extremely miserable. Many counter-Vedic thought, and especially the formation of pagan Clerk: 1. Purana Kasapa (Phu-lan-na Ca-lettuce), according to skepticism. 2. Makkhali Gosala (Mat-old Chile sentence-amnesty-la), according to the neo-course conclusion, believing in the inevitability of liberation, the ultimate of man. 3. Ajita Kesakambali (A-period multi-Ke-sa-impressed-she-la), advocates of materialism pure speech and extreme hedonism. 4. Pukudha Kaccayana (multi-line Ca-na-dien-fried), advocated Mind permanent, eternal. 5. Sanjaya Bellathiputta (Tan-Pi-la-da anonymously Guinea-private) undertakings under Inspiration, intuition adapt. 6. Nigantha Nataputta (Ni-hopea-from-theme-mail), or Ma-ha-vi-topic, cardinals Jain, advocate austerity, there is reincarnation, karma. Doctrine very reputable, there are some similarities with Buddhism. 1.2. POLITICAL Not only is home to many different religious ideas that era Germany India in Shakyamuni also politics monarchical regime. There are two countries exist the republic of antiquity is Kosala (Qiao-slap-la) and Magadha (Ma-out-momentum). Kosala in the north of India, urban Sravatsti (Xa-defense) and Magadha country south of the river Gange, urban Rajagrha (United-amnesty). The two countries are at the center of the Indian civilizations, economies developed and populated. Northeast of the capital with many families around, causing the hero of every state population at the time. Lineage of the Sakya Buddha (Gautama clan), the capital of Kapilavastu (Ca-Pi-la-defense), this region is now the Indian-Nepalese border divide, the country that is bordered on the east of Kosala north and was a vassal of the empire. Tran Phuong Lan services, the historical Buddha, Republican wide Malla kings have two dominant at Pava and Kusinara. Kusinara been described as the place is not important but where masters died in the ultimate Nirvana. Ibid, p. 35. Licchavri Republic with its capital at Vesali (Pi-amnesty-glass) and the Republic of Videha (Micro-theme-ha) with the capital Mitthila (Mi-thi-la) has joined the federal which served (Bat-term), associated with a few other tribes. In addition to the monarchy and republic also has the important tribes are Koliyas (verse-ly), in the southeast of the Republic of Sakya, the capital is Ramagama (or Koliyanagara). Further there Moriyas tribe, the capital is Pipphalivana adjacent tribal Koliya, it was not until the east. Finally Kalamas family, Kesaputta capital, is located in the corner of west direction between the Ganges River and Ghafgra. Ibid, p. 36. Although there are many kingdoms, republics, tribal but very peaceful life. Anyone can freely cross the border shared between the different regimes that. But not so that society does not have contradictions. 1.3. SOCIAL ancient times Indian peoples are respected liturgy itself, honoring the god. At first they put out the paternalistic or patriarchal hold ceremonies, company officials called the ceremony. Company officials gradually became professional holiday should be replaced by the clergy (Brahmin). Caste clergy considered themselves occupied international primacy. Four castes according to urban collective sector, hereditary slave caste should be kept to eternal slavery constitute an unjust society. The cleavages created social stratification between the rich and poor. The poor are uneducated, not attending important ceremonies, the fish do not have to strive to strive for can not cross the line giuoi class. Therefore they had to live in poverty with their fate, destitute. At that stage right, in addition to the all-powerful deity traditionally accepted belief is not a real person, a man of Lic history, greatness that close to people. A man loving fellow appeared. He does not put additional theories, new ideas, only tolerated, harmony with the practice of self-realization of the truth and giving way to help humans. After enlightenment, supreme Enlightenment, because the virtues he preached that birth centers and particularly the establishment of the Sangha to sustain Dharma circuit. It is the German Shakyamuni, steps Arhat Enlightenment. 2. INCREASING THE GROUP FORMED WHEN BUDDHA 2.1. INCREASING THE GROUP FORMED 2.1.1. The first five disciples after enlightenment under the Bodhi tree, Buddha intended to enter Nirvana because his teachings are profound evidence that inborn magic beings are inferior, difficult to enlightenment quickly as he was. At that time Brahma had requested the Buddha to preach the universe's birth. So please think of the beings are immersed in the sea of misery so he stayed on earth to preach. He immediately thought of his two teachers that he Avala Kalama and he Uddka Ramaputta but Brahma has told the Buddha that both he passed away not long ago. He immediately think of five of his friends when he was ascetic as he Annata Kondanna group (Kondanna), Bhaddiya (Bat-theme-cup), Vappa (Cross-power-ca-lettuce), Assaji (A- Low-her-mind) and Mahanama (MA-men-v-profit), they can be enlightened by his teachings so he went to Deer Park where they practice to preach; the content of the sermon is the Four Noble Truths. "In this moment, ten thousand world motion, vibration, vibration. And an immeasurable glory, generosity that shines in the world, exceeding powerful gods "Samyutta V, chapter 12, the second, economic Zhuan Falun, p. 611 .. After hearing the Buddha's Four Noble Truths sermon, the delusion is shattered, intellectual detachment appeared, five are enlightened, the entries fruition Arhat. It was the first five disciples of Buddha Shakyamuni Thus, the Three Jewels are formed from the following: Buddha Shakyamuni Buddha, Dharma teachings as the Four Great and increased security Kondanna group. When the Buddha attained enlightenment, go teach beings in the image of a Monks, who called Him the Great recluse (Maha Samana) and call His disciples as the recluse Like death (Sakyaputtaya Samana). And the disciples of the Buddha, the monk himself called Bhikkhu (monks), as mendicants, living with no home, no family. 2.1.2. Touched Yasa Yasa and his friends from Deer Park, the Buddha went to Benares (Ba-la-complaint), where he teaches a young man as Yasa (Da-amnesty), son of a businessman boasts rich people, a union president in Benares, the silk trader. Yasa is a youth is to indulge in all aspects of life too satisfied with his orgiastic should mind went blank. Tran Phuong Lan services, the historical Buddha, He fed the family life full of luxury, see seems bored secular life in young men, the Buddha went to his theory of a sermon "easy stuff" Ibid, p. 175, is straightforward issues such as generosity, morality, the realm of God and the disadvantages of sensual pleasures. He obtained the "glass ceiling French label array structure" ie see "anything under the laws arising are subject to the law of annihilation". Soon he became ordained disciples were Yasa attained Arhat. Four other friends of the venerable Yasa Gentrification is also in line Vimala (Pi-ma-la), Subahu (Tu-her-almost ), Purnajit (Phu-lan-ca-na) and Gavampati (Old-her-canvas-topic) also apply to the refuge, hear of the Buddha were attained Arhat. Now, in addition to Buddha congregation ten position Arhat. At Benares, the Buddha was exchanged for a few dozen more taste, these people in neighboring countries, are friends and relatives of Venerable Yasa, or from the new Arhat attained. When the congregation has been sixty're Arhat, he taught the disciples go and teach everyone a place, do not go to two people sharing a line with each other, because compassion for the world, for the benefit for gods and men that brought the Dhamma preached everywhere. Thus, when his disciples sixty Arhat're going culture being formed Sangha. With a Mission missionary activities which advocated the establishment of the Order was made, certainly the disciple of the Buddha is also very important. Not to mention the two merchants that met at Uruvela Buddha's first disciple but please refuge and ordained religious house of Yasa's parents. These laymen is an indispensable force. In a continuation of the Buddha means for children to join the Sangha. That is the case of Rahula (Rāhula) makes the King was surprised because Ruhula too young compared to the disciples in the Sangha. In the spirit to avoid the hassle of following up the Buddha gave a number of provisions not allowed in some cases joined the sangha (applies to both increase and nuns), aka the thirteen elderly victims. 2.2 . THE FORMATION OF Vihara 2.2.1. Veluvana (Truc Lam Vihara) In the early years, the Buddha and his disciples, his renunciation is the increased travel and live by alms and often reside overnight in a tree in the woods. There are also monks as shelter huts with leaves or reside in caves. By the third year after the Buddha attained enlightenment, the monastic disciples, his house was crowded and gain the favor of the masses. Magadha king Bimbisara water refuge in the Buddha and asked for donations Veluvana Forest (Bamboo Forest) where the king for building fully equipped for use as his residence, including lecture halls, buildings, items and everything for Buddhist teachings delegation to a thousand people. This is the first abode, beginning a period of permanent residence. Vesakha coming months (around May 4-5 lunar calendar) is the rainy season, the Buddha and the monks to settle second summer here. 2.2.2. Jivakarama (United Baht Vihara) Buddhist reputation and Sangha increasing, many people came to ask for refuge in religious precepts. The well-off homeowners understand the teachings and learned the benefit of the teachings brought many people have donated part of their land for the construction of the Buddhist Vihara at monks. Many Vihara was growing up, of which not to mention is Jivakarama (Vihara States Baht), in the suburbs of Rajagadha (United-amnesty), who offered his residence was Jivaka, a medicine, surgery illustrious name of the Buddha. 3.2.3. Jetavanarama (Jetavana Vihara) Essential Student Member States (Jetavanarama), in Sāvatthi, his residence is bourgeois Anthapindika (Anathapindaka) donated garden which he bought United-Prince where Prince Prince momentum and trees States-momentum donations. So, people often called Anathapindaka Life Member States. Gentrification then built a huge number of his residence with all sorts of rooms, auditorium, kitchen, warehouse, toilet, place a stroll, well-cast, well with the cap, bathing, bathroom, pool ... We can say Vihara Vihara Signed Vienna is the biggest time now, it is here that Buddha has settled 25 summer and more importantly was his sermon in this place theory. 2.2.4. Ghositarama (Cu Latino Student Teacher) Sa at Kosambi, so bourgeois Ghosita with his two friends and colleagues are Kukkuta Pavariya construction. Perhaps this Vihara built the largest and longest-lasting. Vihara is the abode of the gods continually monks over a thousand years before being destroyed by the influx Hungarian troops invaded Kosambi. When this is the place where ancient Buddha NOTES many important sectors. In addition to the aforementioned Vihara Vihara there are large and small scattered all over the India as Ambapali - Vana, Markathrada in Vesali; Udambari-Karama in Sappini River, Kukkutarama, Pavaxikanivana are in Kosambi; Nigrodharama (Ni-questions-momentum) in Kapilavatthu; Isipatana (Deer Park) in Baranasi ... The Vihara is nowadays also known, others remaining former ground, slightly traces of architecture that archaeologists have recorded traces. When the ancient Vihara at this, but the monks are gathered together to practice. San retreat months have witness many results, and also where it came from the Catholic holy beings have extraordinary beings, bringing many benefits to the gods and mankind. 2.3. THE FORMATION GROUP NI 2.3.1. Nuns first year 524 BC. Tran Phuong Lan services, the historical Buddha, ie the sixth year after the Buddha attained enlightenment, King was ice. Buddha table with royal clan brought Venerable Mahanama Anuradha's brother became king. Arranging the tide and finished Buddha disciples Nirodha forest, suburban Kapilavatthu. She Pajapati (Ma-ha-Ba-ba-theme-bar) to pray to Buddha for women are made ​​giatu out, live life no family. After three times refused pleas cell samples, Buddha and the Sangha returned Vesaly. She led 500 women belonging to the Sakya clan, scrape off the hair itself, categorically yellow robes to Vesaly please be ordained. Finally, by the Venerable Ananda, and begs for help, Buddha accepted her plea and stated "disrespectful approach", content to uphold the great nature of the Sangha in guiding the education of nuns that life a bhikkhunī must respect. Thus, she Mahapajapati first disciples of Buddha ni. 2.3.2. Content "disrespectful approach" 1. Monks and nuns have only their health but for monks ordained. 2. Monks and nuns have fortnightly basis to their residence where monks visiting tutor ceremony. 3. Monks and nuns once a year to settle their fetters. If the monks khoogn have them does absolutely not allowed to own land fetters independence. 4. Monks and nuns not to move or speak faults guilty monks. In contrast, the monks have the right to tell the faults of monks and nuns. 5. Bhikkhunī if missed Increased crime museum itself must repent before applying them two monks and the monks and nuns in the most recent period slapping Dad. 6. Monks and nuns were ordained though long a hundred years, but hungry for new monks to be ordained still bowed respectfully bowed hands together in salute. 7. Monks and nuns after Lent must come first monks ask for things unworthy of his attention, whether things were or eyes to see, ears to hear or doubts. 8. Pi-kheop something ni monks accused asked that if for some reason that monks do not respond, do not ask append (Law Part Four: Ni is not defamatory increase). Cao Huu Dinh, Buddhist and noble, Di Pajapati and women form the Sakya clan happy to accept eight measures on. Since then the congregation monks and nuns was founded by Mahapajapati and education leaders with the support of the monks, the training organization ingenious Mahapajapati, nuns grew rapidly. Many monks and nuns attained Arhat, many highly reputed for the masses and the court. We can find evidence of the case and leave the results interesting verse of the position in the Therigatha (Presbyterian Ni shelves). 3. ABOUT THE LAW AND LIVING INCREASE OF OLD 3.1. FORMING ABOUT THE OBLIGATIONS Patimokkha Sangha every winter day, but most of holiness. Until the thirteenth year, the church has monks Tu-theme-na lost dignity, Buddha regime stronghold world to protect their status increased. In the group there Sangha monks Luc pants usually disunity and committed many errors, depending on the crime severity Buddha sequential processing to those precepts, rules are rules for monastic life. Ministry Patimokkha (Ba-la-theme-rustic-rub) Increase consisting of 225 or 227 men, Ni 311 men (according to Theravada or Southern transmission) and a 250 Increase gender, Ni 348 or 350 men (according to Mahayana and Mahayana), 10 sex for mobile and Sa Sa-di-ni (on North Communication). So, in the spirit of the precepts that the Buddha was prepared in order to prevent these mistakes can happen gay lifestyle affect the purity of the Sangha and also to protect the individual, but step on the road practice. 3.2. SENIORS LIVING INCREASE OF 3.2.1. The timetable for each day in the morning, after meditation, the Buddha and the monks seeking alms. The walks all over you, in order of each state, regardless of wealth, to humble to receive food offerings to homeowners. In law does not allow the monks in the village too early or too late, unless there is only invited but homeowners must work with them increased transparency. The teacher used the time before and after the alms to visit that pain sermon. Alms finished, return to your abode or a base somewhere and the only meal of the day. After the meal, the things you packed up, resting for a moment in a big tree or an empty house for meditation. Close to sunset, the taste back to hear Buddhist abode or the Presbyterian preacher. After the legal position is often discussed together in doctrine and practice experience. In the evening, alternating between each farm and to sleep and then wake up and walking meditation. Apparently the only sleeping position about four or five hours a day, time left for practice. Contents of practice include World - The - Tue. 3.2.2. Dad slapped (Uposatha) potash is interpreted as a regular ceremony held twice a month on the day of the Black renovation (new moons) and White update (full moon day), in which the monks gathered together to read The main tenets such as the Four Truths, dependent origination, selflessness ... but later when they formed the monastic monks gather to recite the monastic and consider whether anything in violation of repentance. Day slaps father, according to the methods of Buddhist institutions, is to un-molding the lives of the monks moral purification, build unity in the Sangha community, demonstrated fundamental nature of learning in the Three Study About The World Property. 3.2.3. An apartment (Vassavasa) of Buddhist Lent is a time for the monks live in harmony pure fun, study, discuss the teaching and practice of meditation. This offering is applicable to the three-month rainy season, starting on the full moon month Sravana (approximately on May 15th lunar calendar). During this time monks vie travel restrictions to avoid a stampede insects and rain for months on alms to monks also difficult abode in a place in psychology and religious studies. Despite settling time sooner or later have to round three-month retreat. Also thanks to the three-month retreat that many have seen the results of the four holy bar text. 3.2.4. Self quartet (Pavarana) suicide is the ceremony was held on the final day of the season retreat. That day, the monks requested the other monks raised his faults to her before he repented. Thus, a form of collective and individual critics individuals cons, expressed regret for his mistakes. This is a special event in the community Sangha and the Buddha's time until today. 3.2.5. Medical Exam Life-Ca-na (Kathina) The medical life-na ca-examination is done after the suicide, ending a Lent. The monks follow a three-month retreat, advance in the practice, worthy of receiving a new medical-exam-na ca y, y beyond the statutory three (UAT-most-la-rose (y rooftop ), an-momentum-Assembly (lower y), and rose-old Chile (y outermost). Thich Chon Thien, the Buddha Sangha, Religious Publishing House, tr.149. The Buddha, after every rainy season settled, the monks chant poetry-contest-na y to be five benefits: 1. In addition to the three y, the monks were stored fabric care than ten days to get used to sew cloth or her health medical care or a new life, ie y ca-na-examination. 2. No need to bring a third time as law. 3. Allowed in many real-life benefactors, as long as not too midday. 4. To own real-life group of four or more. 5. Be in the village before or after meals without notice for other monks. Buddha invented the life-thi-na ca y is to the monks be received in favorable conditions, to extend certain laws, precepts proved not rigid. Ibid, tr.150. The form and content of activities have to carry the cumbersome definition, complex; but look deeper, all manifest a life in poverty, purity, harmony, ardent; both as a result, just as the growth of Gender preparation, concentration and wisdom to lead to liberation. 4. Into the net INCREASE OF OLD MARKET 4.1. TU THANH VAN RESULTS In Indian society now have a lot of religious sects, but only to practice Buddhist Noble Eightfold Path was really fruitful. It's Quartet Sravakas results, depending on the factors of fetters are eradicated that practitioners turn attained the holy position. 4.1.1. Tu-momentum-complete (Sotapatti): This Certificate is called Tu-momentum-complete (Sotàpanna) or Admin work, you have to get rid of the lower part three fetters: The body is suspected, the first precept. Tu-momentum-complete results also known as Enter note (estimated at St.) or pinched, which means that there is at most seven reborn again to whittle away the negativity in the mind then can witness a -La-drought. 4.1.2. Tu-momentum-function (Sakadagami): It is April-momentum-function (Sakadagamin), also known as the First hybrid, you have cut through the first three fetters lower section and two fetters black comb attachment and anger will also once again to practice birth and death experience the results Arhat. 4.1.3. A-na-function (Anagami): Stock performance is called A-na-function (Anagamin), you have to get rid of the fetter in the lower part (the body is suspected, manually precepts, greed, anger). A-na-function is also known as No hybrid, which means no return to the human world that is reborn in another realm or Immaterial Lust, from which to practice and attain supreme. 4.1.4. Arhat (Arahat): This Certificate practitioner called Arhat (Arahat), have completely eradicated the ten fetters are fetters in the lower part of the upper section above and in fetters ( Organic loving, very friendly loving, romantic, agitation, delusion), organic love: love exists, like planes Sac; very useful charity: wish did not exist, want in the realm of Immaterial; Chronic: heart arrogance, accept that there attained; agitation: relationship agitated, confused; ignorance: as ignorant as also in the upper part by fetters obscured. You Arhat also called Infinite birth (or Any student: never again, ending samsara) is the ultimate enlightenment, nirvana. The Buddha and Arhat're usually takes describe the cessation of rebirth inspired by the "Born took advantage, dignity became, the to-do list done, laid down the burden, since it no longer return to this state again." No more back this state that is not reborn, reborn without means were liberated, that liberation is Nirvana. 4.2. TAM NOTES - SCHEDULE FOR Buddha always spoke highly of you Arhat. He himself has repeatedly stated that the Arhat is the ultimate fruition, ultimately, liberation, peace of mind often, proving to enter Nirvana. He also claims that his disciples may have greater capacity as Sanming, Luc information ... is intellectual and spiritual powers which he attained under the Bodhi roots. 4.2.1. Sanming In Buddhism this is called Tam reached at Arhat called Sanming Institute of Buddhist Studies, Buddhist Studies Sino-Vietnamese dictionary. Equivocal position clear solution is called Ming. Also known as Tri Tri demonstrate intelligence or recognizing things clear, concise. Sanming include: - Additional strong intelligence: see, knows all about his past life in the three worlds as being somewhere, doing nothing ... well now - proving God label: see, know all the essence of the universe and its structural causes. - Gonorrhea make smart: know the origin of suffering and misery to control your method to be liberated from rebirth. 4.2.2. Paw through In Buddhism, yogi monk attained Arhat, Oils defilements, liberation, the six magic. Trung Doan Also, Buddhism Dictionary, - Heaven label: the label found its inspiration in the world around creatures vastly current. - God atrial communication: atrial force is heard everywhere, and for all human fame and other species. - Tha clearinghouse: the knowing mind mind power, preferences, needs of others. - Additional network: hat mentality is to know your past lives. - Spirit sufficient information: There are two meanings: a Kabbalah is liberated as expected, two for a moment want to go immediately to be desired, not tangible objects as obstacles. - Gonorrhea make informed: that was so wise, no longer be bothered brain was cold, birth and death means liberation. Only you Arhat, the new visual evidence is status Single, still three early saints result can not be achieved. Thus, the monks, monks and nuns to practice according to the Buddha can the holy obtained, depending on the base and that practice. The church is a testament to the practice in accordance with the Dhamma, not just words down. Elaborately practice going through the diligent practice of meditation and the efforts of the practitioners themselves are so new. It is the result of the culture of the Buddha and the monks radical monks in the sangha. CONCLUSIONS 1. Influence of the Sangha for equality ideological class formation can say time Sangha now has to cross a resonance for Indian society. With great compassion to all beings wounded Buddha was in no hurry to enter Nirvana in the world spreading the Dharma. Exalted lot of people have to capital from many classes of society, such as class Sat-base-profit, caste Brahmin, to the outcasts of society. Many people belonging to lower caste, despicable, after taking refuge in the Dharma not only become the typical personality be respected and respect. Special characters such as Angulimala, was already notorious killer but after becoming monks also-anonymous Persian king revered offerings. As Sunita was cleaning toilets, Svati the fishing mechanic, who cowherd Nanda, Upali the barber, Ambapali the female century, Vimala is a prostitute, Purna is the son of the slave woman, Chapa human hunters, these are typical examples to articulate the spirit of equality in the social class of Buddhism. 2. Influence of the Sangha for gender equality ideology The two countries are at the center of the Indian civilizations, economies developed and populated. Northeast of the capital with many families around, causing the hero of every state population at the time. Lineage of the Sakya Buddha (Gautama clan), the capital of Kapilavastu (Ca-Pi-la-defense), this region is now the Indian-Nepalese border divide, the country that is bordered on the east of Kosala north and was a vassal of the empire. Tran Phuong Lan services, the historical Buddha, Republican wide Malla kings have two dominant at Pava and Kusinara. Kusinara been described as the place is not important but where masters died in the ultimate Nirvana. Ibid, p. 35. Licchavri Republic with its capital at Vesali (Pi-amnesty-glass) and the Republic of Videha (Micro-theme-ha) with the capital Mitthila (Mi-thi-la) has joined the federal which served (Bat-term), associated with a few other tribes. In addition to the monarchy and republic also has the important tribes are Koliyas (verse-ly), in the southeast of the Republic of Sakya, the capital is Ramagama (or Koliyanagara). Further there Moriyas tribe, the capital is Pipphalivana adjacent tribal Koliya, it was not until the east. Finally Kalamas family, Kesaputta capital, is located in the corner of west direction between the Ganges River and Ghafgra. Ibid, p. 36. Although there are many kingdoms, republics, tribal but very peaceful life. Anyone can freely cross the border shared between the different regimes that. But not so that society does not have contradictions. 1.3. SOCIAL ancient times Indian peoples are respected liturgy itself, honoring the god. At first they put out the paternalistic or patriarchal hold ceremonies, company officials called the ceremony. Company officials gradually became professional holiday should be replaced by the clergy (Brahmin). Caste clergy considered themselves occupied international primacy. Four castes according to urban collective sector, hereditary slave caste should be kept to eternal slavery constitute an unjust society. The cleavages created social stratification between the rich and poor. The poor are uneducated, not attending important ceremonies, the fish do not have to strive to strive for can not cross the line giuoi class. Therefore they had to live in poverty with their fate, destitute. At that stage right, in addition to the all-powerful deity traditionally accepted belief is not a real person, a man of Lic history, greatness that close to people. A man loving fellow appeared. He does not put additional theories, new ideas, only tolerated, harmony with the practice of self-realization of the truth and giving way to help humans. After enlightenment, supreme Enlightenment, because the virtues he preached that birth centers and particularly the establishment of the Sangha to sustain Dharma circuit. It is the German Shakyamuni, steps Arhat Enlightenment. 2. INCREASING THE GROUP FORMED WHEN BUDDHA 2.1. INCREASING THE GROUP FORMED 2.1.1. The first five disciples after enlightenment under the Bodhi tree, Buddha intended to enter Nirvana because his teachings are profound evidence that inborn magic beings are inferior, difficult to enlightenment quickly as he was. At that time Brahma had requested the Buddha to preach the universe's birth. So please think of the beings are immersed in the sea of misery so he stayed on earth to preach. He immediately thought of his two teachers that he Avala Kalama and he Uddka Ramaputta but Brahma has told the Buddha that both he passed away not long ago. He immediately think of five of his friends when he was ascetic as he Annata Kondanna group (Kondanna), Bhaddiya (Bat-theme-cup), Vappa (Cross-power-ca-lettuce), Assaji (A- Low-her-mind) and Mahanama (MA-men-v-profit), they can be enlightened by his teachings so he went to Deer Park where they practice to preach; the content of the sermon is the Four Noble Truths. "In this moment, ten thousand world motion, vibration, vibration. And an immeasurable glory, generosity that shines in the world, exceeding powerful gods "Samyutta V, chapter 12, the second, economic Zhuan Falun, p. 611 .. After hearing the Buddha's Four Noble Truths sermon, the delusion is shattered, intellectual detachment appeared, five are enlightened, the entries fruition Arhat. It was the first five disciples of Buddha Shakyamuni Thus, the Three Jewels are formed from the following: Buddha Shakyamuni Buddha, Dharma teachings as the Four Great and increased security Kondanna group. When the Buddha attained enlightenment, go teach beings in the image of a Monks, who called Him the Great recluse (Maha Samana) and call His disciples as the recluse Like death (Sakyaputtaya Samana). And the disciples of the Buddha, the monk himself called Bhikkhu (monks), as mendicants, living with no home, no family. 2.1.2. Touched Yasa Yasa and his friends from Deer Park, the Buddha went to Benares (Ba-la-complaint), where he teaches a young man as Yasa (Da-amnesty), son of a businessman boasts rich people, a union president in Benares, the silk trader. Yasa is a youth is to indulge in all aspects of life too satisfied with his orgiastic should mind went blank. Tran Phuong Lan services, the historical Buddha, He fed the family life full of luxury, see seems bored secular life in young men, the Buddha went to his theory of a sermon "easy stuff" Ibid, p. 175, is straightforward issues such as generosity, morality, the realm of God and the disadvantages of sensual pleasures. He obtained the "glass ceiling French label array structure" ie see "anything under the laws arising are subject to the law of annihilation". Soon he became ordained disciples were Yasa attained Arhat. Four other friends of the venerable Yasa Gentrification is also in line Vimala (Pi-ma-la), Subahu (Tu-her-almost ), Purnajit (Phu-lan-ca-na) and Gavampati (Old-her-canvas-topic) also apply to the refuge, hear of the Buddha were attained Arhat. Now, in addition to Buddha congregation ten position Arhat. At Benares, the Buddha was exchanged for a few dozen more taste, these people in neighboring countries, are friends and relatives of Venerable Yasa, or from the new Arhat attained. When the congregation has been sixty're Arhat, he taught the disciples go and teach everyone a place, do not go to two people sharing a line with each other, because compassion for the world, for the benefit for gods and men that brought the Dhamma preached everywhere. Thus, when his disciples sixty Arhat're going culture being formed Sangha. With a Mission missionary activities which advocated the establishment of the Order was made, certainly the disciple of the Buddha is also very important. Not to mention the two merchants that met at Uruvela Buddha's first disciple but please refuge and ordained religious house of Yasa's parents. These laymen is an indispensable force. In a continuation of the Buddha means for children to join the Sangha. That is the case of Rahula (Rāhula) makes the King was surprised because Ruhula too young compared to the disciples in the Sangha. In the spirit to avoid the hassle of following up the Buddha gave a number of provisions not allowed in some cases joined the sangha (applies to both increase and nuns), aka the thirteen elderly victims. 2.2 . THE FORMATION OF Vihara 2.2.1. Veluvana (Truc Lam Vihara) In the early years, the Buddha and his disciples, his renunciation is the increased travel and live by alms and often reside overnight in a tree in the woods. There are also monks as shelter huts with leaves or reside in caves. By the third year after the Buddha attained enlightenment, the monastic disciples, his house was crowded and gain the favor of the masses. Magadha king Bimbisara water refuge in the Buddha and asked for donations Veluvana Forest (Bamboo Forest) where the king for building fully equipped for use as his residence, including lecture halls, buildings, items and everything for Buddhist teachings delegation to a thousand people. This is the first abode, beginning a period of permanent residence. Vesakha coming months (around May 4-5 lunar calendar) is the rainy season, the Buddha and the monks to settle second summer here. 2.2.2. Jivakarama (United Baht Vihara) Buddhist reputation and Sangha increasing, many people came to ask for refuge in religious precepts. The well-off homeowners understand the teachings and learned the benefit of the teachings brought many people have donated part of their land for the construction of the Buddhist Vihara at monks. Many Vihara was growing up, of which not to mention is Jivakarama (Vihara States Baht), in the suburbs of Rajagadha (United-amnesty), who offered his residence was Jivaka, a medicine, surgery illustrious name of the Buddha. 3.2.3. Jetavanarama (Jetavana Vihara) Essential Student Member States (Jetavanarama), in Sāvatthi, his residence is bourgeois Anthapindika (Anathapindaka) donated garden which he bought United-Prince where Prince Prince momentum and trees States-momentum donations. So, people often called Anathapindaka Life Member States. Gentrification then built a huge number of his residence with all sorts of rooms, auditorium, kitchen, warehouse, toilet, place a stroll, well-cast, well with the cap, bathing, bathroom, pool ... We can say Vihara Vihara Signed Vienna is the biggest time now, it is here that Buddha has settled 25 summer and more importantly was his sermon in this place theory. 2.2.4. Ghositarama (Cu Latino Student Teacher) Sa at Kosambi, so bourgeois Ghosita with his two friends and colleagues are Kukkuta Pavariya construction. Perhaps this Vihara built the largest and longest-lasting. Vihara is the abode of the gods continually monks over a thousand years before being destroyed by the influx Hungarian troops invaded Kosambi. When this is the place where ancient Buddha NOTES many important sectors. In addition to the aforementioned Vihara Vihara there are large and small scattered all over the India as Ambapali - Vana, Markathrada in Vesali; Udambari-Karama in Sappini River, Kukkutarama, Pavaxikanivana are in Kosambi; Nigrodharama (Ni-questions-momentum) in Kapilavatthu; Isipatana (Deer Park) in Baranasi ... The Vihara is nowadays also known, others remaining former ground, slightly traces of architecture that archaeologists have recorded traces. When the ancient Vihara at this, but the monks are gathered together to practice. San retreat months have witness many results, and also where it came from the Catholic holy beings have extraordinary beings, bringing many benefits to the gods and mankind. 2.3. THE FORMATION GROUP NI 2.3.1. Nuns first year 524 BC. Tran Phuong Lan services, the historical Buddha, ie the sixth year after the Buddha attained enlightenment, King was ice. Buddha table with royal clan brought Venerable Mahanama Anuradha's brother became king. Arranging the tide and finished Buddha disciples Nirodha forest, suburban Kapilavatthu. She Pajapati (Ma-ha-Ba-ba-theme-bar) to pray to Buddha for women are made ​​giatu out, live life no family. After three times refused pleas cell samples, Buddha and the Sangha returned Vesaly. She led 500 women belonging to the Sakya clan, scrape off the hair itself, categorically yellow robes to Vesaly please be ordained. Finally, by the Venerable Ananda, and begs for help, Buddha accepted her plea and stated "disrespectful approach", content to uphold the great nature of the Sangha in guiding the education of nuns that life a bhikkhunī must respect. Thus, she Mahapajapati first disciples of Buddha ni. 2.3.2. Content "disrespectful approach" 1. Monks and nuns have only their health but for monks ordained. 2. Monks and nuns have fortnightly basis to their residence where monks visiting tutor ceremony. 3. Monks and nuns once a year to settle their fetters. If the monks khoogn have them does absolutely not allowed to own land fetters independence. 4. Monks and nuns not to move or speak faults guilty monks. In contrast, the monks have the right to tell the faults of monks and nuns. 5. Bhikkhunī if missed Increased crime museum itself must repent before applying them two monks and the monks and nuns in the most recent period slapping Dad. 6. Monks and nuns were ordained though long a hundred years, but hungry for new monks to be ordained still bowed respectfully bowed hands together in salute. 7. Monks and nuns after Lent must come first monks ask for things unworthy of his attention, whether things were or eyes to see, ears to hear or doubts. 8. Pi-kheop something ni monks accused asked that if for some reason that monks do not respond, do not ask append (Law Part Four: Ni is not defamatory increase). Cao Huu Dinh, Buddhist and noble, Di Pajapati and women form the Sakya clan happy to accept eight measures on. Since then the congregation monks and nuns was founded by Mahapajapati and education leaders with the support of the monks, the training organization ingenious Mahapajapati, nuns grew rapidly. Many monks and nuns attained Arhat, many highly reputed for the masses and the court. We can find evidence of the case and leave the results interesting verse of the position in the Therigatha (Presbyterian Ni shelves). 3. ABOUT THE LAW AND LIVING INCREASE OF OLD 3.1. FORMING ABOUT THE OBLIGATIONS Patimokkha Sangha every winter day, but most of holiness. Until the thirteenth year, the church has monks Tu-theme-na lost dignity, Buddha regime stronghold world to protect their status increased. In the group there Sangha monks Luc pants usually disunity and committed many errors, depending on the crime severity Buddha sequential processing to those precepts, rules are rules for monastic life. Ministry Patimokkha (Ba-la-theme-rustic-rub) Increase consisting of 225 or 227 men, Ni 311 men (according to Theravada or Southern transmission) and a 250 Increase gender, Ni 348 or 350 men (according to Mahayana and Mahayana), 10 sex for mobile and Sa Sa-di-ni (on North Communication). So, in the spirit of the precepts that the Buddha was prepared in order to prevent these mistakes can happen gay lifestyle affect the purity of the Sangha and also to protect the individual, but step on the road practice. 3.2. SENIORS LIVING INCREASE OF 3.2.1. The timetable for each day in the morning, after meditation, the Buddha and the monks seeking alms. The walks all over you, in order of each state, regardless of wealth, to humble to receive food offerings to homeowners. In law does not allow the monks in the village too early or too late, unless there is only invited but homeowners must work with them increased transparency. The teacher used the time before and after the alms to visit that pain sermon. Alms finished, return to your abode or a base somewhere and the only meal of the day. After the meal, the things you packed up, resting for a moment in a big tree or an empty house for meditation. Close to sunset, the taste back to hear Buddhist abode or the Presbyterian preacher. After the legal position is often discussed together in doctrine and practice experience. In the evening, alternating between each farm and to sleep and then wake up and walking meditation. Apparently the only sleeping position about four or five hours a day, time left for practice. Contents of practice include World - The - Tue. 3.2.2. Dad slapped (Uposatha) potash is interpreted as a regular ceremony held twice a month on the day of the Black renovation (new moons) and White update (full moon day), in which the monks gathered together to read The main tenets such as the Four Truths, dependent origination, selflessness ... but later when they formed the monastic monks gather to recite the monastic and consider whether anything in violation of repentance. Day slaps father, according to the methods of Buddhist institutions, is to un-molding the lives of the monks moral purification, build unity in the Sangha community, demonstrated fundamental nature of learning in the Three Study About The World Property. 3.2.3. An apartment (Vassavasa) of Buddhist Lent is a time for the monks live in harmony pure fun, study, discuss the teaching and practice of meditation. This offering is applicable to the three-month rainy season, starting on the full moon month Sravana (approximately on May 15th lunar calendar). During this time monks vie travel restrictions to avoid a stampede insects and rain for months on alms to monks also difficult abode in a place in psychology and religious studies. Despite settling time sooner or later have to round three-month retreat. Also thanks to the three-month retreat that many have seen the results of the four holy bar text. 3.2.4. Self quartet (Pavarana) suicide is the ceremony was held on the final day of the season retreat. That day, the monks requested the other monks raised his faults to her before he repented. Thus, a form of collective and individual critics individuals cons, expressed regret for his mistakes. This is a special event in the community Sangha and the Buddha's time until today. 3.2.5. Medical Exam Life-Ca-na (Kathina) The medical life-na ca-examination is done after the suicide, ending a Lent. The monks follow a three-month retreat, advance in the practice, worthy of receiving a new medical-exam-na ca y, y beyond the statutory three (UAT-most-la-rose (y rooftop ), an-momentum-Assembly (lower y), and rose-old Chile (y outermost). Thich Chon Thien, the Buddha Sangha, Religious Publishing House, tr.149. The Buddha, after every rainy season settled, the monks chant poetry-contest-na y to be five benefits: 1. In addition to the three y, the monks were stored fabric care than ten days to get used to sew cloth or her health medical care or a new life, ie y ca-na-examination. 2. No need to bring a third time as law. 3. Allowed in many real-life benefactors, as long as not too midday. 4. To own real-life group of four or more. 5. Be in the village before or after meals without notice for other monks. Buddha invented the life-thi-na ca y is to the monks be received in favorable conditions, to extend certain laws, precepts proved not rigid. Ibid, tr.150. The form and content of activities have to carry the cumbersome definition, complex; but look deeper, all manifest a life in poverty, purity, harmony, ardent; both as a result, just as the growth of Gender preparation, concentration and wisdom to lead to liberation. 4. Into the net INCREASE OF OLD MARKET 4.1. TU THANH VAN RESULTS In Indian society now have a lot of religious sects, but only to practice Buddhist Noble Eightfold Path was really fruitful. It's Quartet Sravakas results, depending on the factors of fetters are eradicated that practitioners turn attained the holy position. 4.1.1. Tu-momentum-complete (Sotapatti): This Certificate is called Tu-momentum-complete (Sotàpanna) or Admin work, you have to get rid of the lower part three fetters: The body is suspected, the first precept. Tu-momentum-complete results also known as Enter note (estimated at St.) or pinched, which means that there is at most seven reborn again to whittle away the negativity in the mind then can witness a -La-drought. 4.1.2. Tu-momentum-function (Sakadagami): It is April-momentum-function (Sakadagamin), also known as the First hybrid, you have cut through the first three fetters lower section and two fetters black comb attachment and anger will also once again to practice birth and death experience the results Arhat. 4.1.3. A-na-function (Anagami): Stock performance is called A-na-function (Anagamin), you have to get rid of the fetter in the lower part (the body is suspected, manually precepts, greed, anger). A-na-function is also known as No hybrid, which means no return to the human world that is reborn in another realm or Immaterial Lust, from which to practice and attain supreme. 4.1.4. Arhat (Arahat): This Certificate practitioner called Arhat (Arahat), have completely eradicated the ten fetters are fetters in the lower part of the upper section above and in fetters ( Organic loving, very friendly loving, romantic, agitation, delusion), organic love: love exists, like planes Sac; very useful charity: wish did not exist, want in the realm of Immaterial; Chronic: heart arrogance, accept that there attained; agitation: relationship agitated, confused; ignorance: as ignorant as also in the upper part by fetters obscured. You Arhat also called Infinite birth (or Any student: never again, ending samsara) is the ultimate enlightenment, nirvana. The Buddha and Arhat're usually takes describe the cessation of rebirth inspired by the "Born took advantage, dignity became, the to-do list done, laid down the burden, since it no longer return to this state again." No more back this state that is not reborn, reborn without means were liberated, that liberation is Nirvana. 4.2. TAM NOTES - SCHEDULE FOR Buddha always spoke highly of you Arhat. He himself has repeatedly stated that the Arhat is the ultimate fruition, ultimately, liberation, peace of mind often, proving to enter Nirvana. He also claims that his disciples may have greater capacity as Sanming, Luc information ... is intellectual and spiritual powers which he attained under the Bodhi roots. 4.2.1. Sanming In Buddhism this is called Tam reached at Arhat called Sanming Institute of Buddhist Studies, Buddhist Studies Sino-Vietnamese dictionary. Equivocal position clear solution is called Ming. Also known as Tri Tri demonstrate intelligence or recognizing things clear, concise. Sanming include: - Additional strong intelligence: see, knows all about his past life in the three worlds as being somewhere, doing nothing ... well now - proving God label: see, know all the essence of the universe and its structural causes. - Gonorrhea make smart: know the origin of suffering and misery to control your method to be liberated from rebirth. 4.2.2. Paw through In Buddhism, yogi monk attained Arhat, Oils defilements, liberation, the six magic. Trung Doan Also, Buddhism Dictionary, - Heaven label: the label found its inspiration in the world around creatures vastly current. - God atrial communication: atrial force is heard everywhere, and for all human fame and other species. - Tha clearinghouse: the knowing mind mind power, preferences, needs of others. - Additional network: hat mentality is to know your past lives. - Spirit sufficient information: There are two meanings: a Kabbalah is liberated as expected, two for a moment want to go immediately to be desired, not tangible objects as obstacles. - Gonorrhea make informed: that was so wise, no longer be bothered brain was cold, birth and death means liberation. Only you Arhat, the new visual evidence is status Single, still three early saints result can not be achieved. Thus, the monks, monks and nuns to practice according to the Buddha can the holy obtained, depending on the base and that practice. The church is a testament to the practice in accordance with the Dhamma, not just words down. Elaborately practice going through the diligent practice of meditation and the efforts of the practitioners themselves are so new. It is the result of the culture of the Buddha and the monks radical monks in the sangha. CONCLUSIONS 1. Influence of the Sangha for equality ideological class formation can say time Sangha now has to cross a resonance for Indian society. With great compassion to all beings wounded Buddha was in no hurry to enter Nirvana in the world spreading the Dharma. Exalted lot of people have to capital from many classes of society, such as class Sat-base-profit, caste Brahmin, to the outcasts of society. Many people belonging to lower caste, despicable, after taking refuge in the Dharma not only become the typical personality be respected and respect. Special characters such as Angulimala, was already notorious killer but after becoming monks also-anonymous Persian king revered offerings. As Sunita was cleaning toilets, Svati the fishing mechanic, who cowherd Nanda, Upali the barber, Ambapali the female century, Vimala is a prostitute, Purna is the son of the slave woman, Chapa human hunters, these are typical examples to articulate the spirit of equality in the social class of Buddhism. 2. Influence of the Sangha for gender equality ideology The two countries are at the center of the Indian civilizations, economies developed and populated. Northeast of the capital with many families around, causing the hero of every state population at the time. Lineage of the Sakya Buddha (Gautama clan), the capital of Kapilavastu (Ca-Pi-la-defense), this region is now the Indian-Nepalese border divide, the country that is bordered on the east of Kosala north and was a vassal of the empire. Tran Phuong Lan services, the historical Buddha, Republican wide Malla kings have two dominant at Pava and Kusinara. Kusinara been described as the place is not important but where masters died in the ultimate Nirvana. Ibid, p. 35. Licchavri Republic with its capital at Vesali (Pi-amnesty-glass) and the Republic of Videha (Micro-theme-ha) with the capital Mitthila (Mi-thi-la) has joined the federal which served (Bat-term), associated with a few other tribes. In addition to the monarchy and republic also has the important tribes are Koliyas (verse-ly), in the southeast of the Republic of Sakya, the capital is Ramagama (or Koliyanagara). Further there Moriyas tribe, the capital is Pipphalivana adjacent tribal Koliya, it was not until the east. Finally Kalamas family, Kesaputta capital, is located in the corner of west direction between the Ganges River and Ghafgra. Ibid, p. 36. Although there are many kingdoms, republics, tribal but very peaceful life. Anyone can freely cross the border shared between the different regimes that. But not so that society does not have contradictions. 1.3. SOCIAL ancient times Indian peoples are respected liturgy itself, honoring the god. At first they put out the paternalistic or patriarchal hold ceremonies, company officials called the ceremony. Company officials gradually became professional holiday should be replaced by the clergy (Brahmin). Caste clergy considered themselves occupied international primacy. Four castes according to urban collective sector, hereditary slave caste should be kept to eternal slavery constitute an unjust society. The cleavages created social stratification between the rich and poor. The poor are uneducated, not attending important ceremonies, the fish do not have to strive to strive for can not cross the line giuoi class. Therefore they had to live in poverty with their fate, destitute. At that stage right, in addition to the all-powerful deity traditionally accepted belief is not a real person, a man of Lic history, greatness that close to people. A man loving fellow appeared. He does not put additional theories, new ideas, only tolerated, harmony with the practice of self-realization of the truth and giving way to help humans. After enlightenment, supreme Enlightenment, because the virtues he preached that birth centers and particularly the establishment of the Sangha to sustain Dharma circuit. It is the German Shakyamuni, steps Arhat Enlightenment. 2. INCREASING THE GROUP FORMED WHEN BUDDHA 2.1. INCREASING THE GROUP FORMED 2.1.1. The first five disciples after enlightenment under the Bodhi tree, Buddha intended to enter Nirvana because his teachings are profound evidence that inborn magic beings are inferior, difficult to enlightenment quickly as he was. At that time Brahma had requested the Buddha to preach the universe's birth. So please think of the beings are immersed in the sea of misery so he stayed on earth to preach. He immediately thought of his two teachers that he Avala Kalama and he Uddka Ramaputta but Brahma has told the Buddha that both he passed away not long ago. He immediately think of five of his friends when he was ascetic as he Annata Kondanna group (Kondanna), Bhaddiya (Bat-theme-cup), Vappa (Cross-power-ca-lettuce), Assaji (A- Low-her-mind) and Mahanama (MA-men-v-profit), they can be enlightened by his teachings so he went to Deer Park where they practice to preach; the content of the sermon is the Four Noble Truths. "In this moment, ten thousand world motion, vibration, vibration. And an immeasurable glory, generosity that shines in the world, exceeding powerful gods "Samyutta V, chapter 12, the second, economic Zhuan Falun, p. 611 .. After hearing the Buddha's Four Noble Truths sermon, the delusion is shattered, intellectual detachment appeared, five are enlightened, the entries fruition Arhat. It was the first five disciples of Buddha Shakyamuni Thus, the Three Jewels are formed from the following: Buddha Shakyamuni Buddha, Dharma teachings as the Four Great and increased security Kondanna group. When the Buddha attained enlightenment, go teach beings in the image of a Monks, who called Him the Great recluse (Maha Samana) and call His disciples as the recluse Like death (Sakyaputtaya Samana). And the disciples of the Buddha, the monk himself called Bhikkhu (monks), as mendicants, living with no home, no family. 2.1.2. Touched Yasa Yasa and his friends from Deer Park, the Buddha went to Benares (Ba-la-complaint), where he teaches a young man as Yasa (Da-amnesty), son of a businessman boasts rich people, a union president in Benares, the silk trader. Yasa is a youth is to indulge in all aspects of life too satisfied with his orgiastic should mind went blank. Tran Phuong Lan services, the historical Buddha, He fed the family life full of luxury, see seems bored secular life in young men, the Buddha went to his theory of a sermon "easy stuff" Ibid, p. 175, is straightforward issues such as generosity, morality, the realm of God and the disadvantages of sensual pleasures. He obtained the "glass ceiling French label array structure" ie see "anything under the laws arising are subject to the law of annihilation". Soon he became ordained disciples were Yasa attained Arhat. Four other friends of the venerable Yasa Gentrification is also in line Vimala (Pi-ma-la), Subahu (Tu-her-almost ), Purnajit (Phu-lan-ca-na) and Gavampati (Old-her-canvas-topic) also apply to the refuge, hear of the Buddha were attained Arhat. Now, in addition to Buddha congregation ten position Arhat. At Benares, the Buddha was exchanged for a few dozen more taste, these people in neighboring countries, are friends and relatives of Venerable Yasa, or from the new Arhat attained. When the congregation has been sixty're Arhat, he taught the disciples go and teach everyone a place, do not go to two people sharing a line with each other, because compassion for the world, for the benefit for gods and men that brought the Dhamma preached everywhere. Thus, when his disciples sixty Arhat're going culture being formed Sangha. With a Mission missionary activities which advocated the establishment of the Order was made, certainly the disciple of the Buddha is also very important. Not to mention the two merchants that met at Uruvela Buddha's first disciple but please refuge and ordained religious house of Yasa's parents. These laymen is an indispensable force. In a continuation of the Buddha means for children to join the Sangha. That is the case of Rahula (Rāhula) makes the King was surprised because Ruhula too young compared to the disciples in the Sangha. In the spirit to avoid the hassle of following up the Buddha gave a number of provisions not allowed in some cases joined the sangha (applies to both increase and nuns), aka the thirteen elderly victims. 2.2 . THE FORMATION OF Vihara 2.2.1. Veluvana (Truc Lam Vihara) In the early years, the Buddha and his disciples, his renunciation is the increased travel and live by alms and often reside overnight in a tree in the woods. There are also monks as shelter huts with leaves or reside in caves. By the third year after the Buddha attained enlightenment, the monastic disciples, his house was crowded and gain the favor of the masses. Magadha king Bimbisara water refuge in the Buddha and asked for donations Veluvana Forest (Bamboo Forest) where the king for building fully equipped for use as his residence, including lecture halls, buildings, items and everything for Buddhist teachings delegation to a thousand people. This is the first abode, beginning a period of permanent residence. Vesakha coming months (around May 4-5 lunar calendar) is the rainy season, the Buddha and the monks to settle second summer here. 2.2.2. Jivakarama (United Baht Vihara) Buddhist reputation and Sangha increasing, many people came to ask for refuge in religious precepts. The well-off homeowners understand the teachings and learned the benefit of the teachings brought many people have donated part of their land for the construction of the Buddhist Vihara at monks. Many Vihara was growing up, of which not to mention is Jivakarama (Vihara States Baht), in the suburbs of Rajagadha (United-amnesty), who offered his residence was Jivaka, a medicine, surgery illustrious name of the Buddha. 3.2.3. Jetavanarama (Jetavana Vihara) Essential Student Member States (Jetavanarama), in Sāvatthi, his residence is bourgeois Anthapindika (Anathapindaka) donated garden which he bought United-Prince where Prince Prince momentum and trees States-momentum donations. So, people often called Anathapindaka Life Member States. Gentrification then built a huge number of his residence with all sorts of rooms, auditorium, kitchen, warehouse, toilet, place a stroll, well-cast, well with the cap, bathing, bathroom, pool ... We can say Vihara Vihara Signed Vienna is the biggest time now, it is here that Buddha has settled 25 summer and more importantly was his sermon in this place theory. 2.2.4. Ghositarama (Cu Latino Student Teacher) Sa at Kosambi, so bourgeois Ghosita with his two friends and colleagues are Kukkuta Pavariya construction. Perhaps this Vihara built the largest and longest-lasting. Vihara is the abode of the gods continually monks over a thousand years before being destroyed by the influx Hungarian troops invaded Kosambi. When this is the place where ancient Buddha NOTES many important sectors. In addition to the aforementioned Vihara Vihara there are large and small scattered all over the India as Ambapali - Vana, Markathrada in Vesali; Udambari-Karama in Sappini River, Kukkutarama, Pavaxikanivana are in Kosambi; Nigrodharama (Ni-questions-momentum) in Kapilavatthu; Isipatana (Deer Park) in Baranasi ... The Vihara is nowadays also known, others remaining former ground, slightly traces of architecture that archaeologists have recorded traces. When the ancient Vihara at this, but the monks are gathered together to practice. San retreat months have witness many results, and also where it came from the Catholic holy beings have extraordinary beings, bringing many benefits to the gods and mankind. 2.3. THE FORMATION GROUP NI 2.3.1. Nuns first year 524 BC. Tran Phuong Lan services, the historical Buddha, ie the sixth year after the Buddha attained enlightenment, King was ice. Buddha table with royal clan brought Venerable Mahanama Anuradha's brother became king. Arranging the tide and finished Buddha disciples Nirodha forest, suburban Kapilavatthu. She Pajapati (Ma-ha-Ba-ba-theme-bar) to pray to Buddha for women are made ​​giatu out, live life no family. After three times refused pleas cell samples, Buddha and the Sangha returned Vesaly. She led 500 women belonging to the Sakya clan, scrape off the hair itself, categorically yellow robes to Vesaly please be ordained. Finally, by the Venerable Ananda, and begs for help, Buddha accepted her plea and stated "disrespectful approach", content to uphold the great nature of the Sangha in guiding the education of nuns that life a bhikkhunī must respect. Thus, she Mahapajapati first disciples of Buddha ni. 2.3.2. Content "disrespectful approach" 1. Monks and nuns have only their health but for monks ordained. 2. Monks and nuns have fortnightly basis to their residence where monks visiting tutor ceremony. 3. Monks and nuns once a year to settle their fetters. If the monks khoogn have them does absolutely not allowed to own land fetters independence. 4. Monks and nuns not to move or speak faults guilty monks. In contrast, the monks have the right to tell the faults of monks and nuns. 5. Bhikkhunī if missed Increased crime museum itself must repent before applying them two monks and the monks and nuns in the most recent period slapping Dad. 6. Monks and nuns were ordained though long a hundred years, but hungry for new monks to be ordained still bowed respectfully bowed hands together in salute. 7. Monks and nuns after Lent must come first monks ask for things unworthy of his attention, whether things were or eyes to see, ears to hear or doubts. 8. Pi-kheop something ni monks accused asked that if for some reason that monks do not respond, do not ask append (Law Part Four: Ni is not defamatory increase). Cao Huu Dinh, Buddhist and noble, Di Pajapati and women form the Sakya clan happy to accept eight measures on. Since then the congregation monks and nuns was founded by Mahapajapati and education leaders with the support of the monks, the training organization ingenious Mahapajapati, nuns grew rapidly. Many monks and nuns attained Arhat, many highly reputed for the masses and the court. We can find evidence of the case and leave the results interesting verse of the position in the Therigatha (Presbyterian Ni shelves). 3. ABOUT THE LAW AND LIVING INCREASE OF OLD 3.1. FORMING ABOUT THE OBLIGATIONS Patimokkha Sangha every winter day, but most of holiness. Until the thirteenth year, the church has monks Tu-theme-na lost dignity, Buddha regime stronghold world to protect their status increased. In the group there Sangha monks Luc pants usually disunity and committed many errors, depending on the crime severity Buddha sequential processing to those precepts, rules are rules for monastic life. Ministry Patimokkha (Ba-la-theme-rustic-rub) Increase consisting of 225 or 227 men, Ni 311 men (according to Theravada or Southern transmission) and a 250 Increase gender, Ni 348 or 350 men (according to Mahayana and Mahayana), 10 sex for mobile and Sa Sa-di-ni (on North Communication). So, in the spirit of the precepts that the Buddha was prepared in order to prevent these mistakes can happen gay lifestyle affect the purity of the Sangha and also to protect the individual, but step on the road practice. 3.2. SENIORS LIVING INCREASE OF 3.2.1. The timetable for each day in the morning, after meditation, the Buddha and the monks seeking alms. The walks all over you, in order of each state, regardless of wealth, to humble to receive food offerings to homeowners. In law does not allow the monks in the village too early or too late, unless there is only invited but homeowners must work with them increased transparency. The teacher used the time before and after the alms to visit that pain sermon. Alms finished, return to your abode or a base somewhere and the only meal of the day. After the meal, the things you packed up, resting for a moment in a big tree or an empty house for meditation. Close to sunset, the taste back to hear Buddhist abode or the Presbyterian preacher. After the legal position is often discussed together in doctrine and practice experience. In the evening, alternating between each farm and to sleep and then wake up and walking meditation. Apparently the only sleeping position about four or five hours a day, time left for practice. Contents of practice include World - The - Tue. 3.2.2. Dad slapped (Uposatha) potash is interpreted as a regular ceremony held twice a month on the day of the Black renovation (new moons) and White update (full moon day), in which the monks gathered together to read The main tenets such as the Four Truths, dependent origination, selflessness ... but later when they formed the monastic monks gather to recite the monastic and consider whether anything in violation of repentance. Day slaps father, according to the methods of Buddhist institutions, is to un-molding the lives of the monks moral purification, build unity in the Sangha community, demonstrated fundamental nature of learning in the Three Study About The World Property. 3.2.3. An apartment (Vassavasa) of Buddhist Lent is a time for the monks live in harmony pure fun, study, discuss the teaching and practice of meditation. This offering is applicable to the three-month rainy season, starting on the full moon month Sravana (approximately on May 15th lunar calendar). During this time monks vie travel restrictions to avoid a stampede insects and rain for months on alms to monks also difficult abode in a place in psychology and religious studies. Despite settling time sooner or later have to round three-month retreat. Also thanks to the three-month retreat that many have seen the results of the four holy bar text. 3.2.4. Self quartet (Pavarana) suicide is the ceremony was held on the final day of the season retreat. That day, the monks requested the other monks raised his faults to her before he repented. Thus, a form of collective and individual critics individuals cons, expressed regret for his mistakes. This is a special event in the community Sangha and the Buddha's time until today. 3.2.5. Medical Exam Life-Ca-na (Kathina) The medical life-na ca-examination is done after the suicide, ending a Lent. The monks follow a three-month retreat, advance in the practice, worthy of receiving a new medical-exam-na ca y, y beyond the statutory three (UAT-most-la-rose (y rooftop ), an-momentum-Assembly (lower y), and rose-old Chile (y outermost). Thich Chon Thien, the Buddha Sangha, Religious Publishing House, tr.149. The Buddha, after every rainy season settled, the monks chant poetry-contest-na y to be five benefits: 1. In addition to the three y, the monks were stored fabric care than ten days to get used to sew cloth or her health medical care or a new life, ie y ca-na-examination. 2. No need to bring a third time as law. 3. Allowed in many real-life benefactors, as long as not too midday. 4. To own real-life group of four or more. 5. Be in the village before or after meals without notice for other monks. Buddha invented the life-thi-na ca y is to the monks be received in favorable conditions, to extend certain laws, precepts proved not rigid. Ibid, tr.150. The form and content of activities have to carry the cumbersome definition, complex; but look deeper, all manifest a life in poverty, purity, harmony, ardent; both as a result, just as the growth of Gender preparation, concentration and wisdom to lead to liberation. 4. Into the net INCREASE OF OLD MARKET 4.1. TU THANH VAN RESULTS In Indian society now have a lot of religious sects, but only to practice Buddhist Noble Eightfold Path was really fruitful. It's Quartet Sravakas results, depending on the factors of fetters are eradicated that practitioners turn attained the holy position. 4.1.1. Tu-momentum-complete (Sotapatti): This Certificate is called Tu-momentum-complete (Sotàpanna) or Admin work, you have to get rid of the lower part three fetters: The body is suspected, the first precept. Tu-momentum-complete results also known as Enter note (estimated at St.) or pinched, which means that there is at most seven reborn again to whittle away the negativity in the mind then can witness a -La-drought. 4.1.2. Tu-momentum-function (Sakadagami): It is April-momentum-function (Sakadagamin), also known as the First hybrid, you have cut through the first three fetters lower section and two fetters black comb attachment and anger will also once again to practice birth and death experience the results Arhat. 4.1.3. A-na-function (Anagami): Stock performance is called A-na-function (Anagamin), you have to get rid of the fetter in the lower part (the body is suspected, manually precepts, greed, anger). A-na-function is also known as No hybrid, which means no return to the human world that is reborn in another realm or Immaterial Lust, from which to practice and attain supreme. 4.1.4. Arhat (Arahat): This Certificate practitioner called Arhat (Arahat), have completely eradicated the ten fetters are fetters in the lower part of the upper section above and in fetters ( Organic loving, very friendly loving, romantic, agitation, delusion), organic love: love exists, like planes Sac; very useful charity: wish did not exist, want in the realm of Immaterial; Chronic: heart arrogance, accept that there attained; agitation: relationship agitated, confused; ignorance: as ignorant as also in the upper part by fetters obscured. You Arhat also called Infinite birth (or Any student: never again, ending samsara) is the ultimate enlightenment, nirvana. The Buddha and Arhat're usually takes describe the cessation of rebirth inspired by the "Born took advantage, dignity became, the to-do list done, laid down the burden, since it no longer return to this state again." No more back this state that is not reborn, reborn without means were liberated, that liberation is Nirvana. 4.2. TAM NOTES - SCHEDULE FOR Buddha always spoke highly of you Arhat. He himself has repeatedly stated that the Arhat is the ultimate fruition, ultimately, liberation, peace of mind often, proving to enter Nirvana. He also claims that his disciples may have greater capacity as Sanming, Luc information ... is intellectual and spiritual powers which he attained under the Bodhi roots. 4.2.1. Sanming In Buddhism this is called Tam reached at Arhat called Sanming Institute of Buddhist Studies, Buddhist Studies Sino-Vietnamese dictionary. Equivocal position clear solution is called Ming. Also known as Tri Tri demonstrate intelligence or recognizing things clear, concise. Sanming include: - Additional strong intelligence: see, knows all about his past life in the three worlds as being somewhere, doing nothing ... well now - proving God label: see, know all the essence of the universe and its structural causes. - Gonorrhea make smart: know the origin of suffering and misery to control your method to be liberated from rebirth. 4.2.2. Paw through In Buddhism, yogi monk attained Arhat, Oils defilements, liberation, the six magic. Trung Doan Also, Buddhism Dictionary, - Heaven label: the label found its inspiration in the world around creatures vastly current. - God atrial communication: atrial force is heard everywhere, and for all human fame and other species. - Tha clearinghouse: the knowing mind mind power, preferences, needs of others. - Additional network: hat mentality is to know your past lives. - Spirit sufficient information: There are two meanings: a Kabbalah is liberated as expected, two for a moment want to go immediately to be desired, not tangible objects as obstacles. - Gonorrhea make informed: that was so wise, no longer be bothered brain was cold, birth and death means liberation. Only you Arhat, the new visual evidence is status Single, still three early saints result can not be achieved. Thus, the monks, monks and nuns to practice according to the Buddha can the holy obtained, depending on the base and that practice. The church is a testament to the practice in accordance with the Dhamma, not just words down. Elaborately practice going through the diligent practice of meditation and the efforts of the practitioners themselves are so new. It is the result of the culture of the Buddha and the monks radical monks in the sangha. CONCLUSIONS 1. Influence of the Sangha for equality ideological class formation can say time Sangha now has to cross a resonance for Indian society. With great compassion to all beings wounded Buddha was in no hurry to enter Nirvana in the world spreading the Dharma. Exalted lot of people have to capital from many classes of society, such as class Sat-base-profit, caste Brahmin, to the outcasts of society. Many people belonging to lower caste, despicable, after taking refuge in the Dharma not only become the typical personality be respected and respect. Special characters such as Angulimala, was already notorious killer but after becoming monks also-anonymous Persian king revered offerings. As Sunita was cleaning toilets, Svati the fishing mechanic, who cowherd Nanda, Upali the barber, Ambapali the female century, Vimala is a prostitute, Purna is the son of the slave woman, Chapa human hunters, these are typical examples to articulate the spirit of equality in the social class of Buddhism. 2. Influence of the Sangha for gender equality ideology because of compassion for the world, for the benefit of gods and men, but for the Dhamma preached everywhere. Thus, when his disciples sixty Arhat're going culture being formed Sangha. With a Mission missionary activities which advocated the establishment of the Order was made, certainly the disciple of the Buddha is also very important. Not to mention the two merchants that met at Uruvela Buddha's first disciple but please refuge and ordained religious house of Yasa's parents. These laymen is an indispensable force. In a continuation of the Buddha means for children to join the Sangha. That is the case of Rahula (Rāhula) makes the King was surprised because Ruhula too young compared to the disciples in the Sangha. In the spirit to avoid the hassle of following up the Buddha gave a number of provisions not allowed in some cases joined the sangha (applies to both increase and nuns), aka the thirteen elderly victims. 2.2 . THE FORMATION OF Vihara 2.2.1. Veluvana (Truc Lam Vihara) In the early years, the Buddha and his disciples, his renunciation is the increased travel and live by alms and often reside overnight in a tree in the woods. There are also monks as shelter huts with leaves or reside in caves. By the third year after the Buddha attained enlightenment, the monastic disciples, his house was crowded and gain the favor of the masses. Magadha king Bimbisara water refuge in the Buddha and asked for donations Veluvana Forest (Bamboo Forest) where the king for building fully equipped for use as his residence, including lecture halls, buildings, items and everything for Buddhist teachings delegation to a thousand people. This is the first abode, beginning a period of permanent residence. Vesakha coming months (around May 4-5 lunar calendar) is the rainy season, the Buddha and the monks to settle second summer here. 2.2.2. Jivakarama (United Baht Vihara) Buddhist reputation and Sangha increasing, many people came to ask for refuge in religious precepts. The well-off homeowners understand the teachings and learned the benefit of the teachings brought many people have donated part of their land for the construction of the Buddhist Vihara at monks. Many Vihara was growing up, of which not to mention is Jivakarama (Vihara States Baht), in the suburbs of Rajagadha (United-amnesty), who offered his residence was Jivaka, a medicine, surgery illustrious name of the Buddha. 3.2.3. Jetavanarama (Jetavana Vihara) Essential Student Member States (Jetavanarama), in Sāvatthi, his residence is bourgeois Anthapindika (Anathapindaka) donated garden which he bought United-Prince where Prince Prince momentum and trees States-momentum donations. So, people often called Anathapindaka Life Member States. Gentrification then built a huge number of his residence with all sorts of rooms, auditorium, kitchen, warehouse, toilet, place a stroll, well-cast, well with the cap, bathing, bathroom, pool ... We can say Vihara Vihara Signed Vienna is the biggest time now, it is here that Buddha has settled 25 summer and more importantly was his sermon in this place theory. 2.2.4. Ghositarama (Cu Latino Student Teacher) Sa at Kosambi, so bourgeois Ghosita with his two friends and colleagues are Kukkuta Pavariya construction. Perhaps this Vihara built the largest and longest-lasting. Vihara is the abode of the gods continually monks over a thousand years before being destroyed by the influx Hungarian troops invaded Kosambi. When this is the place where ancient Buddha NOTES many important sectors. In addition to the aforementioned Vihara Vihara there are large and small scattered all over the India as Ambapali - Vana, Markathrada in Vesali; Udambari-Karama in Sappini River, Kukkutarama, Pavaxikanivana are in Kosambi; Nigrodharama (Ni-questions-momentum) in Kapilavatthu; Isipatana (Deer Park) in Baranasi ... The Vihara is nowadays also known, others remaining former ground, slightly traces of architecture that archaeologists have recorded traces. When the ancient Vihara at this, but the monks are gathered together to practice. San retreat months have witness many results, and also where it came from the Catholic holy beings have extraordinary beings, bringing many benefits to the gods and mankind. 2.3. THE FORMATION GROUP NI 2.3.1. Nuns first year 524 BC. Tran Phuong Lan services, the historical Buddha, ie the sixth year after the Buddha attained enlightenment, King was ice. Buddha table with royal clan brought Venerable Mahanama Anuradha's brother became king. Arranging the tide and finished Buddha disciples Nirodha forest, suburban Kapilavatthu. She Pajapati (Ma-ha-Ba-ba-theme-bar) to pray to Buddha for women are made ​​giatu out, live life no family. After three times refused pleas cell samples, Buddha and the Sangha returned Vesaly. She led 500 women belonging to the Sakya clan, scrape off the hair itself, categorically yellow robes to Vesaly please be ordained. Finally, by the Venerable Ananda, and begs for help, Buddha accepted her plea and stated "disrespectful approach", content to uphold the great nature of the Sangha in guiding the education of nuns that life a bhikkhunī must respect. Thus, she Mahapajapati first disciples of Buddha ni. 2.3.2. Content "disrespectful approach" 1. Monks and nuns have only their health but for monks ordained. 2. Monks and nuns have fortnightly basis to their residence where monks visiting tutor ceremony. 3. Monks and nuns once a year to settle their fetters. If the monks khoogn have them does absolutely not allowed to own land fetters independence. 4. Monks and nuns not to move or speak faults guilty monks. In contrast, the monks have the right to tell the faults of monks and nuns. 5. Bhikkhunī if missed Increased crime museum itself must repent before applying them two monks and the monks and nuns in the most recent period slapping Dad. 6. Monks and nuns were ordained though long a hundred years, but hungry for new monks to be ordained still bowed respectfully bowed hands together in salute. 7. Monks and nuns after Lent must come first monks ask for things unworthy of his attention, whether things were or eyes to see, ears to hear or doubts. 8. Pi-kheop something ni monks accused asked that if for some reason that monks do not respond, do not ask append (Law Part Four: Ni is not defamatory increase). Cao Huu Dinh, Buddhist and noble, Di Pajapati and women form the Sakya clan happy to accept eight measures on. Since then the congregation monks and nuns was founded by Mahapajapati and education leaders with the support of the monks, the training organization ingenious Mahapajapati, nuns grew rapidly. Many monks and nuns attained Arhat, many highly reputed for the masses and the court. We can find evidence of the case and leave the results interesting verse of the position in the Therigatha (Presbyterian Ni shelves). 3. ABOUT THE LAW AND LIVING INCREASE OF OLD 3.1. FORMING ABOUT THE OBLIGATIONS Patimokkha Sangha every winter day, but most of holiness. Until the thirteenth year, the church has monks Tu-theme-na lost dignity, Buddha regime stronghold world to protect their status increased. In the group there Sangha monks Luc pants usually disunity and committed many errors, depending on the crime severity Buddha sequential processing to those precepts, rules are rules for monastic life. Ministry Patimokkha (Ba-la-theme-rustic-rub) Increase consisting of 225 or 227 men, Ni 311 men (according to Theravada or Southern transmission) and a 250 Increase gender, Ni 348 or 350 men (according to Mahayana and Mahayana), 10 sex for mobile and Sa Sa-di-ni (on North Communication). So, in the spirit of the precepts that the Buddha was prepared in order to prevent these mistakes can happen gay lifestyle affect the purity of the Sangha and also to protect the individual, but step on the road practice. 3.2. SENIORS LIVING INCREASE OF 3.2.1. The timetable for each day in the morning, after meditation, the Buddha and the monks seeking alms. The walks all over you, in order of each state, regardless of wealth, to humble to receive food offerings to homeowners. In law does not allow the monks in the village too early or too late, unless there is only invited but homeowners must work with them increased transparency. The teacher used the time before and after the alms to visit that pain sermon. Alms finished, return to your abode or a base somewhere and the only meal of the day. After the meal, the things you packed up, resting for a moment in a big tree or an empty house for meditation. Close to sunset, the taste back to hear Buddhist abode or the Presbyterian preacher. After the legal position is often discussed together in doctrine and practice experience. In the evening, alternating between each farm and to sleep and then wake up and walking meditation. Apparently the only sleeping position about four or five hours a day, time left for practice. Contents of practice include World - The - Tue. 3.2.2. Dad slapped (Uposatha) potash is interpreted as a regular ceremony held twice a month on the day of the Black renovation (new moons) and White update (full moon day), in which the monks gathered together to read The main tenets such as the Four Truths, dependent origination, selflessness ... but later when they formed the monastic monks gather to recite the monastic and consider whether anything in violation of repentance. Day slaps father, according to the methods of Buddhist institutions, is to un-molding the lives of the monks moral purification, build unity in the Sangha community, demonstrated fundamental nature of learning in the Three Study About The World Property. 3.2.3. An apartment (Vassavasa) of Buddhist Lent is a time for the monks live in harmony pure fun, study, discuss the teaching and practice of meditation. This offering is applicable to the three-month rainy season, starting on the full moon month Sravana (approximately on May 15th lunar calendar). During this time monks vie travel restrictions to avoid a stampede insects and rain for months on alms to monks also difficult abode in a place in psychology and religious studies. Despite settling time sooner or later have to round three-month retreat. Also thanks to the three-month retreat that many have seen the results of the four holy bar text. 3.2.4. Self quartet (Pavarana) suicide is the ceremony was held on the final day of the season retreat. That day, the monks requested the other monks raised his faults to her before he repented. Thus, a form of collective and individual critics individuals cons, expressed regret for his mistakes. This is a special event in the community Sangha and the Buddha's time until today. 3.2.5. Medical Exam Life-Ca-na (Kathina) The medical life-na ca-examination is done after the suicide, ending a Lent. The monks follow a three-month retreat, advance in the practice, worthy of receiving a new medical-exam-na ca y, y beyond the statutory three (UAT-most-la-rose (y rooftop ), an-momentum-Assembly (lower y), and rose-old Chile (y outermost). Thich Chon Thien, the Buddha Sangha, Religious Publishing House, tr.149. The Buddha, after every rainy season settled, the monks chant poetry-contest-na y to be five benefits: 1. In addition to the three y, the monks were stored fabric care than ten days to get used to sew cloth or her health medical care or a new life, ie y ca-na-examination. 2. No need to bring a third time as law. 3. Allowed in many real-life benefactors, as long as not too midday. 4. To own real-life group of four or more. 5. Be in the village before or after meals without notice for other monks. Buddha invented the life-thi-na ca y is to the monks be received in favorable conditions, to extend certain laws, precepts proved not rigid. Ibid, tr.150. The form and content of activities have to carry the cumbersome definition, complex; but look deeper, all manifest a life in poverty, purity, harmony, ardent; both as a result, just as the growth of Gender preparation, concentration and wisdom to lead to liberation. 4. Into the net INCREASE OF OLD MARKET 4.1. TU THANH VAN RESULTS In Indian society now have a lot of religious sects, but only to practice Buddhist Noble Eightfold Path was really fruitful. It's Quartet Sravakas results, depending on the factors of fetters are eradicated that practitioners turn attained the holy position. 4.1.1. Tu-momentum-complete (Sotapatti): This Certificate is called Tu-momentum-complete (Sotàpanna) or Admin work, you have to get rid of the lower part three fetters: The body is suspected, the first precept. Tu-momentum-complete results also known as Enter note (estimated at St.) or pinched, which means that there is at most seven reborn again to whittle away the negativity in the mind then can witness a -La-drought. 4.1.2. Tu-momentum-function (Sakadagami): It is April-momentum-function (Sakadagamin), also known as the First hybrid, you have cut through the first three fetters lower section and two fetters black comb attachment and anger will also once again to practice birth and death experience the results Arhat. 4.1.3. A-na-function (Anagami): Stock performance is called A-na-function (Anagamin), you have to get rid of the fetter in the lower part (the body is suspected, manually precepts, greed, anger). A-na-function is also known as No hybrid, which means no return to the human world that is reborn in another realm or Immaterial Lust, from which to practice and attain supreme. 4.1.4. Arhat (Arahat): This Certificate practitioner called Arhat (Arahat), have completely eradicated the ten fetters are fetters in the lower part of the upper section above and in fetters ( Organic loving, very friendly loving, romantic, agitation, delusion), organic love: love exists, like planes Sac; very useful charity: wish did not exist, want in the realm of Immaterial; Chronic: heart arrogance, accept that there attained; agitation: relationship agitated, confused; ignorance: as ignorant as also in the upper part by fetters obscured. You Arhat also called Infinite birth (or Any student: never again, ending samsara) is the ultimate enlightenment, nirvana. The Buddha and Arhat're usually takes describe the cessation of rebirth inspired by the "Born took advantage, dignity became, the to-do list done, laid down the burden, since it no longer return to this state again." No more back this state that is not reborn, reborn without means were liberated, that liberation is Nirvana. 4.2. TAM NOTES - SCHEDULE FOR Buddha always spoke highly of you Arhat. He himself has repeatedly stated that the Arhat is the ultimate fruition, ultimately, liberation, peace of mind often, proving to enter Nirvana. He also claims that his disciples may have greater capacity as Sanming, Luc information ... is intellectual and spiritual powers which he attained under the Bodhi roots. 4.2.1. Sanming In Buddhism this is called Tam reached at Arhat called Sanming Institute of Buddhist Studies, Buddhist Studies Sino-Vietnamese dictionary. Equivocal position clear solution is called Ming. Also known as Tri Tri demonstrate intelligence or recognizing things clear, concise. Sanming include: - Additional strong intelligence: see, knows all about his past life in the three worlds as being somewhere, doing nothing ... well now - proving God label: see, know all the essence of the universe and its structural causes. - Gonorrhea make smart: know the origin of suffering and misery to control your method to be liberated from rebirth. 4.2.2. Paw through In Buddhism, yogi monk attained Arhat, Oils defilements, liberation, the six magic. Trung Doan Also, Buddhism Dictionary, - Heaven label: the label found its inspiration in the world around creatures vastly current. - God atrial communication: atrial force is heard everywhere, and for all human fame and other species. - Tha clearinghouse: the knowing mind mind power, preferences, needs of others. - Additional network: hat mentality is to know your past lives. - Spirit sufficient information: There are two meanings: a Kabbalah is liberated as expected, two for a moment want to go immediately to be desired, not tangible objects as obstacles. - Gonorrhea make informed: that was so wise, no longer be bothered brain was cold, birth and death means liberation. Only you Arhat, the new visual evidence is status Single, still three early saints result can not be achieved. Thus, the monks, monks and nuns to practice according to the Buddha can the holy obtained, depending on the base and that practice. The church is a testament to the practice in accordance with the Dhamma, not just words down. Elaborately practice going through the diligent practice of meditation and the efforts of the practitioners themselves are so new. It is the result of the culture of the Buddha and the monks radical monks in the sangha. CONCLUSIONS 1. Influence of the Sangha for equality ideological class formation can say time Sangha now has to cross a resonance for Indian society. With great compassion to all beings wounded Buddha was in no hurry to enter Nirvana in the world spreading the Dharma. Exalted lot of people have to capital from many classes of society, such as class Sat-base-profit, caste Brahmin, to the outcasts of society. Many people belonging to lower caste, despicable, after taking refuge in the Dharma not only become the typical personality be respected and respect. Special characters such as Angulimala, was already notorious killer but after becoming monks also-anonymous Persian king revered offerings. As Sunita was cleaning toilets, Svati the fishing mechanic, who cowherd Nanda, Upali the barber, Ambapali the female century, Vimala is a prostitute, Purna is the son of the slave woman, Chapa human hunters, these are typical examples to articulate the spirit of equality in the social class of Buddhism. 2. Influence of the Sangha for gender equality ideology because of compassion for the world, for the benefit of gods and men, but for the Dhamma preached everywhere. Thus, when his disciples sixty Arhat're going culture being formed Sangha. With a Mission missionary activities which advocated the establishment of the Order was made, certainly the disciple of the Buddha is also very important. Not to mention the two merchants that met at Uruvela Buddha's first disciple but please refuge and ordained religious house of Yasa's parents. These laymen is an indispensable force. In a continuation of the Buddha means for children to join the Sangha. That is the case of Rahula (Rāhula) makes the King was surprised because Ruhula too young compared to the disciples in the Sangha. In the spirit to avoid the hassle of following up the Buddha gave a number of provisions not allowed in some cases joined the sangha (applies to both increase and nuns), aka the thirteen elderly victims. 2.2 . THE FORMATION OF Vihara 2.2.1. Veluvana (Truc Lam Vihara) In the early years, the Buddha and his disciples, his renunciation is the increased travel and live by alms and often reside overnight in a tree in the woods. There are also monks as shelter huts with leaves or reside in caves. By the third year after the Buddha attained enlightenment, the monastic disciples, his house was crowded and gain the favor of the masses. Magadha king Bimbisara water refuge in the Buddha and asked for donations Veluvana Forest (Bamboo Forest) where the king for building fully equipped for use as his residence, including lecture halls, buildings, items and everything for Buddhist teachings delegation to a thousand people. This is the first abode, beginning a period of permanent residence. Vesakha coming months (around May 4-5 lunar calendar) is the rainy season, the Buddha and the monks to settle second summer here. 2.2.2. Jivakarama (United Baht Vihara) Buddhist reputation and Sangha increasing, many people came to ask for refuge in religious precepts. The well-off homeowners understand the teachings and learned the benefit of the teachings brought many people have donated part of their land for the construction of the Buddhist Vihara at monks. Many Vihara was growing up, of which not to mention is Jivakarama (Vihara States Baht), in the suburbs of Rajagadha (United-amnesty), who offered his residence was Jivaka, a medicine, surgery illustrious name of the Buddha. 3.2.3. Jetavanarama (Jetavana Vihara) Essential Student Member States (Jetavanarama), in Sāvatthi, his residence is bourgeois Anthapindika (Anathapindaka) donated garden which he bought United-Prince where Prince Prince momentum and trees States-momentum donations. So, people often called Anathapindaka Life Member States. Gentrification then built a huge number of his residence with all sorts of rooms, auditorium, kitchen, warehouse, toilet, place a stroll, well-cast, well with the cap, bathing, bathroom, pool ... We can say Vihara Vihara Signed Vienna is the biggest time now, it is here that Buddha has settled 25 summer and more importantly was his sermon in this place theory. 2.2.4. Ghositarama (Cu Latino Student Teacher) Sa at Kosambi, so bourgeois Ghosita with his two friends and colleagues are Kukkuta Pavariya construction. Perhaps this Vihara built the largest and longest-lasting. Vihara is the abode of the gods continually monks over a thousand years before being destroyed by the influx Hungarian troops invaded Kosambi. When this is the place where ancient Buddha NOTES many important sectors. In addition to the aforementioned Vihara Vihara there are large and small scattered all over the India as Ambapali - Vana, Markathrada in Vesali; Udambari-Karama in Sappini River, Kukkutarama, Pavaxikanivana are in Kosambi; Nigrodharama (Ni-questions-momentum) in Kapilavatthu; Isipatana (Deer Park) in Baranasi ... The Vihara is nowadays also known, others remaining former ground, slightly traces of architecture that archaeologists have recorded traces. When the ancient Vihara at this, but the monks are gathered together to practice. San retreat months have witness many results, and also where it came from the Catholic holy beings have extraordinary beings, bringing many benefits to the gods and mankind. 2.3. THE FORMATION GROUP NI 2.3.1. Nuns first year 524 BC. Tran Phuong Lan services, the historical Buddha, ie the sixth year after the Buddha attained enlightenment, King was ice. Buddha table with royal clan brought Venerable Mahanama Anuradha's brother became king. Arranging the tide and finished Buddha disciples Nirodha forest, suburban Kapilavatthu. She Pajapati (Ma-ha-Ba-ba-theme-bar) to pray to Buddha for women are made ​​giatu out, live life no family. After three times refused pleas cell samples, Buddha and the Sangha returned Vesaly. She led 500 women belonging to the Sakya clan, scrape off the hair itself, categorically yellow robes to Vesaly please be ordained. Finally, by the Venerable Ananda, and begs for help, Buddha accepted her plea and stated "disrespectful approach", content to uphold the great nature of the Sangha in guiding the education of nuns that life a bhikkhunī must respect. Thus, she Mahapajapati first disciples of Buddha ni. 2.3.2. Content "disrespectful approach" 1. Monks and nuns have only their health but for monks ordained. 2. Monks and nuns have fortnightly basis to their residence where monks visiting tutor ceremony. 3. Monks and nuns once a year to settle their fetters. If the monks khoogn have them does absolutely not allowed to own land fetters independence. 4. Monks and nuns not to move or speak faults guilty monks. In contrast, the monks have the right to tell the faults of monks and nuns. 5. Bhikkhunī if missed Increased crime museum itself must repent before applying them two monks and the monks and nuns in the most recent period slapping Dad. 6. Monks and nuns were ordained though long a hundred years, but hungry for new monks to be ordained still bowed respectfully bowed hands together in salute. 7. Monks and nuns after Lent must come first monks ask for things unworthy of his attention, whether things were or eyes to see, ears to hear or doubts. 8. Pi-kheop something ni monks accused asked that if for some reason that monks do not respond, do not ask append (Law Part Four: Ni is not defamatory increase). Cao Huu Dinh, Buddhist and noble, Di Pajapati and women form the Sakya clan happy to accept eight measures on. Since then the congregation monks and nuns was founded by Mahapajapati and education leaders with the support of the monks, the training organization ingenious Mahapajapati, nuns grew rapidly. Many monks and nuns attained Arhat, many highly reputed for the masses and the court. We can find evidence of the case and leave the results interesting verse of the position in the Therigatha (Presbyterian Ni shelves). 3. ABOUT THE LAW AND LIVING INCREASE OF OLD 3.1. FORMING ABOUT THE OBLIGATIONS Patimokkha Sangha every winter day, but most of holiness. Until the thirteenth year, the church has monks Tu-theme-na lost dignity, Buddha regime stronghold world to protect their status increased. In the group there Sangha monks Luc pants usually disunity and committed many errors, depending on the crime severity Buddha sequential processing to those precepts, rules are rules for monastic life. Ministry Patimokkha (Ba-la-theme-rustic-rub) Increase consisting of 225 or 227 men, Ni 311 men (according to Theravada or Southern transmission) and a 250 Increase gender, Ni 348 or 350 men (according to Mahayana and Mahayana), 10 sex for mobile and Sa Sa-di-ni (on North Communication). So, in the spirit of the precepts that the Buddha was prepared in order to prevent these mistakes can happen gay lifestyle affect the purity of the Sangha and also to protect the individual, but step on the road practice. 3.2. SENIORS LIVING INCREASE OF 3.2.1. The timetable for each day in the morning, after meditation, the Buddha and the monks seeking alms. The walks all over you, in order of each state, regardless of wealth, to humble to receive food offerings to homeowners. In law does not allow the monks in the village too early or too late, unless there is only invited but homeowners must work with them increased transparency. The teacher used the time before and after the alms to visit that pain sermon. Alms finished, return to your abode or a base somewhere and the only meal of the day. After the meal, the things you packed up, resting for a moment in a big tree or an empty house for meditation. Close to sunset, the taste back to hear Buddhist abode or the Presbyterian preacher. After the legal position is often discussed together in doctrine and practice experience. In the evening, alternating between each farm and to sleep and then wake up and walking meditation. Apparently the only sleeping position about four or five hours a day, time left for practice. Contents of practice include World - The - Tue. 3.2.2. Dad slapped (Uposatha) potash is interpreted as a regular ceremony held twice a month on the day of the Black renovation (new moons) and White update (full moon day), in which the monks gathered together to read The main tenets such as the Four Truths, dependent origination, selflessness ... but later when they formed the monastic monks gather to recite the monastic and consider whether anything in violation of repentance. Day slaps father, according to the methods of Buddhist institutions, is to un-molding the lives of the monks moral purification, build unity in the Sangha community, demonstrated fundamental nature of learning in the Three Study About The World Property. 3.2.3. An apartment (Vassavasa) of Buddhist Lent is a time for the monks live in harmony pure fun, study, discuss the teaching and practice of meditation. This offering is applicable to the three-month rainy season, starting on the full moon month Sravana (approximately on May 15th lunar calendar). During this time monks vie travel restrictions to avoid a stampede insects and rain for months on alms to monks also difficult abode in a place in psychology and religious studies. Despite settling time sooner or later have to round three-month retreat. Also thanks to the three-month retreat that many have seen the results of the four holy bar text. 3.2.4. Self quartet (Pavarana) suicide is the ceremony was held on the final day of the season retreat. That day, the monks requested the other monks raised his faults to her before he repented. Thus, a form of collective and individual critics individuals cons, expressed regret for his mistakes. This is a special event in the community Sangha and the Buddha's time until today. 3.2.5. Medical Exam Life-Ca-na (Kathina) The medical life-na ca-examination is done after the suicide, ending a Lent. The monks follow a three-month retreat, advance in the practice, worthy of receiving a new medical-exam-na ca y, y beyond the statutory three (UAT-most-la-rose (y rooftop ), an-momentum-Assembly (lower y), and rose-old Chile (y outermost). Thich Chon Thien, the Buddha Sangha, Religious Publishing House, tr.149. The Buddha, after every rainy season settled, the monks chant poetry-contest-na y to be five benefits: 1. In addition to the three y, the monks were stored fabric care than ten days to get used to sew cloth or her health medical care or a new life, ie y ca-na-examination. 2. No need to bring a third time as law. 3. Allowed in many real-life benefactors, as long as not too midday. 4. To own real-life group of four or more. 5. Be in the village before or after meals without notice for other monks. Buddha invented the life-thi-na ca y is to the monks be received in favorable conditions, to extend certain laws, precepts proved not rigid. Ibid, tr.150. The form and content of activities have to carry the cumbersome definition, complex; but look deeper, all manifest a life in poverty, purity, harmony, ardent; both as a result, just as the growth of Gender preparation, concentration and wisdom to lead to liberation. 4. Into the net INCREASE OF OLD MARKET 4.1. TU THANH VAN RESULTS In Indian society now have a lot of religious sects, but only to practice Buddhist Noble Eightfold Path was really fruitful. It's Quartet Sravakas results, depending on the factors of fetters are eradicated that practitioners turn attained the holy position. 4.1.1. Tu-momentum-complete (Sotapatti): This Certificate is called Tu-momentum-complete (Sotàpanna) or Admin work, you have to get rid of the lower part three fetters: The body is suspected, the first precept. Tu-momentum-complete results also known as Enter note (estimated at St.) or pinched, which means that there is at most seven reborn again to whittle away the negativity in the mind then can witness a -La-drought. 4.1.2. Tu-momentum-function (Sakadagami): It is April-momentum-function (Sakadagamin), also known as the First hybrid, you have cut through the first three fetters lower section and two fetters black comb attachment and anger will also once again to practice birth and death experience the results Arhat. 4.1.3. A-na-function (Anagami): Stock performance is called A-na-function (Anagamin), you have to get rid of the fetter in the lower part (the body is suspected, manually precepts, greed, anger). A-na-function is also known as No hybrid, which means no return to the human world that is reborn in another realm or Immaterial Lust, from which to practice and attain supreme. 4.1.4. Arhat (Arahat): This Certificate practitioner called Arhat (Arahat), have completely eradicated the ten fetters are fetters in the lower part of the upper section above and in fetters ( Organic loving, very friendly loving, romantic, agitation, delusion), organic love: love exists, like planes Sac; very useful charity: wish did not exist, want in the realm of Immaterial; Chronic: heart arrogance, accept that there attained; agitation: relationship agitated, confused; ignorance: as ignorant as also in the upper part by fetters obscured. You Arhat also called Infinite birth (or Any student: never again, ending samsara) is the ultimate enlightenment, nirvana. The Buddha and Arhat're usually takes describe the cessation of rebirth inspired by the "Born took advantage, dignity became, the to-do list done, laid down the burden, since it no longer return to this state again." No more back this state that is not reborn, reborn without means were liberated, that liberation is Nirvana. 4.2. TAM NOTES - SCHEDULE FOR Buddha always spoke highly of you Arhat. He himself has repeatedly stated that the Arhat is the ultimate fruition, ultimately, liberation, peace of mind often, proving to enter Nirvana. He also claims that his disciples may have greater capacity as Sanming, Luc information ... is intellectual and spiritual powers which he attained under the Bodhi roots. 4.2.1. Sanming In Buddhism this is called Tam reached at Arhat called Sanming Institute of Buddhist Studies, Buddhist Studies Sino-Vietnamese dictionary. Equivocal position clear solution is called Ming. Also known as Tri Tri demonstrate intelligence or recognizing things clear, concise. Sanming include: - Additional strong intelligence: see, knows all about his past life in the three worlds as being somewhere, doing nothing ... well now - proving God label: see, know all the essence of the universe and its structural causes. - Gonorrhea make smart: know the origin of suffering and misery to control your method to be liberated from rebirth. 4.2.2. Paw through In Buddhism, yogi monk attained Arhat, Oils defilements, liberation, the six magic. Trung Doan Also, Buddhism Dictionary, - Heaven label: the label found its inspiration in the world around creatures vastly current. - God atrial communication: atrial force is heard everywhere, and for all human fame and other species. - Tha clearinghouse: the knowing mind mind power, preferences, needs of others. - Additional network: hat mentality is to know your past lives. - Spirit sufficient information: There are two meanings: a Kabbalah is liberated as expected, two for a moment want to go immediately to be desired, not tangible objects as obstacles. - Gonorrhea make informed: that was so wise, no longer be bothered brain was cold, birth and death means liberation. Only you Arhat, the new visual evidence is status Single, still three early saints result can not be achieved. Thus, the monks, monks and nuns to practice according to the Buddha can the holy obtained, depending on the base and that practice. The church is a testament to the practice in accordance with the Dhamma, not just words down. Elaborately practice going through the diligent practice of meditation and the efforts of the practitioners themselves are so new. It is the result of the culture of the Buddha and the monks radical monks in the sangha. CONCLUSIONS 1. Influence of the Sangha for equality ideological class formation can say time Sangha now has to cross a resonance for Indian society. With great compassion to all beings wounded Buddha was in no hurry to enter Nirvana in the world spreading the Dharma. Exalted lot of people have to capital from many classes of society, such as class Sat-base-profit, caste Brahmin, to the outcasts of society. Many people belonging to lower caste, despicable, after taking refuge in the Dharma not only become the typical personality be respected and respect. Special characters such as Angulimala, was already notorious killer but after becoming monks also-anonymous Persian king revered offerings. As Sunita was cleaning toilets, Svati the fishing mechanic, who cowherd Nanda, Upali the barber, Ambapali the female century, Vimala is a prostitute, Purna is the son of the slave woman, Chapa human hunters, these are typical examples to articulate the spirit of equality in the social class of Buddhism. 2. Influence of the Sangha for gender equality ideology means that there is at most seven reborn again to whittle away the negativity in the mind then can witness Arhat. 4.1.2. Tu-momentum-function (Sakadagami): It is April-momentum-function (Sakadagamin), also known as the First hybrid, you have cut through the first three fetters lower section and two fetters black comb attachment and anger will also once again to practice birth and death experience the results Arhat. 4.1.3. A-na-function (Anagami): Stock performance is called A-na-function (Anagamin), you have to get rid of the fetter in the lower part (the body is suspected, manually precepts, greed, anger). A-na-function is also known as No hybrid, which means no return to the human world that is reborn in another realm or Immaterial Lust, from which to practice and attain supreme. 4.1.4. Arhat (Arahat): This Certificate practitioner called Arhat (Arahat), have completely eradicated the ten fetters are fetters in the lower part of the upper section above and in fetters ( Organic loving, very friendly loving, romantic, agitation, delusion), organic love: love exists, like planes Sac; very useful charity: wish did not exist, want in the realm of Immaterial; Chronic: heart arrogance, accept that there attained; agitation: relationship agitated, confused; ignorance: as ignorant as also in the upper part by fetters obscured. You Arhat also called Infinite birth (or Any student: never again, ending samsara) is the ultimate enlightenment, nirvana. The Buddha and Arhat're usually takes describe the cessation of rebirth inspired by the "Born took advantage, dignity became, the to-do list done, laid down the burden, since it no longer return to this state again." No more back this state that is not reborn, reborn without means were liberated, that liberation is Nirvana. 4.2. TAM NOTES - SCHEDULE FOR Buddha always spoke highly of you Arhat. He himself has repeatedly stated that the Arhat is the ultimate fruition, ultimately, liberation, peace of mind often, proving to enter Nirvana. He also claims that his disciples may have greater capacity as Sanming, Luc information ... is intellectual and spiritual powers which he attained under the Bodhi roots. 4.2.1. Sanming In Buddhism this is called Tam reached at Arhat called Sanming Institute of Buddhist Studies, Buddhist Studies Sino-Vietnamese dictionary. Equivocal position clear solution is called Ming. Also known as Tri Tri demonstrate intelligence or recognizing things clear, concise. Sanming include: - Additional strong intelligence: see, knows all about his past life in the three worlds as being somewhere, doing nothing ... well now - proving God label: see, know all the essence of the universe and its structural causes. - Gonorrhea make smart: know the origin of suffering and misery to control your method to be liberated from rebirth. 4.2.2. Paw through In Buddhism, yogi monk attained Arhat, Oils defilements, liberation, the six magic. Trung Doan Also, Buddhism Dictionary, - Heaven label: the label found its inspiration in the world around creatures vastly current. - God atrial communication: atrial force is heard everywhere, and for all human fame and other species. - Tha clearinghouse: the knowing mind mind power, preferences, needs of others. - Additional network: hat mentality is to know your past lives. - Spirit sufficient information: There are two meanings: a Kabbalah is liberated as expected, two for a moment want to go immediately to be desired, not tangible objects as obstacles. - Gonorrhea make informed: that was so wise, no longer be bothered brain was cold, birth and death means liberation. Only you Arhat, the new visual evidence is status Single, still three early saints result can not be achieved. Thus, the monks, monks and nuns to practice according to the Buddha can the holy obtained, depending on the base and that practice. The church is a testament to the practice in accordance with the Dhamma, not just words down. Elaborately practice going through the diligent practice of meditation and the efforts of the practitioners themselves are so new. It is the result of the culture of the Buddha and the monks radical monks in the sangha. CONCLUSIONS 1. Influence of the Sangha for equality ideological class formation can say time Sangha now has to cross a resonance for Indian society. With great compassion to all beings wounded Buddha was in no hurry to enter Nirvana in the world spreading the Dharma. Exalted lot of people have to capital from many classes of society, such as class Sat-base-profit, caste Brahmin, to the outcasts of society. Many people belonging to lower caste, despicable, after taking refuge in the Dharma not only become the typical personality be respected and respect. Special characters such as Angulimala, was already notorious killer but after becoming monks also-anonymous Persian king revered offerings. As Sunita was cleaning toilets, Svati the fishing mechanic, who cowherd Nanda, Upali the barber, Ambapali the female century, Vimala is a prostitute, Purna is the son of the slave woman, Chapa human hunters, these are typical examples to articulate the spirit of equality in the social class of Buddhism. 2. Influence of the Sangha for gender equality ideology means that there is at most seven reborn again to whittle away the negativity in the mind then can witness Arhat. 4.1.2. Tu-momentum-function (Sakadagami): It is April-momentum-function (Sakadagamin), also known as the First hybrid, you have cut through the first three fetters lower section and two fetters black comb attachment and anger will also once again to practice birth and death experience the results Arhat. 4.1.3. A-na-function (Anagami): Stock performance is called A-na-function (Anagamin), you have to get rid of the fetter in the lower part (the body is suspected, manually precepts, greed, anger). A-na-function is also known as No hybrid, which means no return to the human world that is reborn in another realm or Immaterial Lust, from which to practice and attain supreme. 4.1.4. Arhat (Arahat): This Certificate practitioner called Arhat (Arahat), have completely eradicated the ten fetters are fetters in the lower part of the upper section above and in fetters ( Organic loving, very friendly loving, romantic, agitation, delusion), organic love: love exists, like planes Sac; very useful charity: wish did not exist, want in the realm of Immaterial; Chronic: heart arrogance, accept that there attained; agitation: relationship agitated, confused; ignorance: as ignorant as also in the upper part by fetters obscured. You Arhat also called Infinite birth (or Any student: never again, ending samsara) is the ultimate enlightenment, nirvana. The Buddha and Arhat're usually takes describe the cessation of rebirth inspired by the "Born took advantage, dignity became, the to-do list done, laid down the burden, since it no longer return to this state again." No more back this state that is not reborn, reborn without means were liberated, that liberation is Nirvana. 4.2. TAM NOTES - SCHEDULE FOR Buddha always spoke highly of you Arhat. He himself has repeatedly stated that the Arhat is the ultimate fruition, ultimately, liberation, peace of mind often, proving to enter Nirvana. He also claims that his disciples may have greater capacity as Sanming, Luc information ... is intellectual and spiritual powers which he attained under the Bodhi roots. 4.2.1. Sanming In Buddhism this is called Tam reached at Arhat called Sanming Institute of Buddhist Studies, Buddhist Studies Sino-Vietnamese dictionary. Equivocal position clear solution is called Ming. Also known as Tri Tri demonstrate intelligence or recognizing things clear, concise. Sanming include: - Additional strong intelligence: see, knows all about his past life in the three worlds as being somewhere, doing nothing ... well now - proving God label: see, know all the essence of the universe and its structural causes. - Gonorrhea make smart: know the origin of suffering and misery to control your method to be liberated from rebirth. 4.2.2. Paw through In Buddhism, yogi monk attained Arhat, Oils defilements, liberation, the six magic. Trung Doan Also, Buddhism Dictionary, - Heaven label: the label found its inspiration in the world around creatures vastly current. - God atrial communication: atrial force is heard everywhere, and for all human fame and other species. - Tha clearinghouse: the knowing mind mind power, preferences, needs of others. - Additional network: hat mentality is to know your past lives. - Spirit sufficient information: There are two meanings: a Kabbalah is liberated as expected, two for a moment want to go immediately to be desired, not tangible objects as obstacles. - Gonorrhea make informed: that was so wise, no longer be bothered brain was cold, birth and death means liberation. Only you Arhat, the new visual evidence is status Single, still three early saints result can not be achieved. Thus, the monks, monks and nuns to practice according to the Buddha can the holy obtained, depending on the base and that practice. The church is a testament to the practice in accordance with the Dhamma, not just words down. Elaborately practice going through the diligent practice of meditation and the efforts of the practitioners themselves are so new. It is the result of the culture of the Buddha and the monks radical monks in the sangha. CONCLUSIONS 1. Influence of the Sangha for equality ideological class formation can say time Sangha now has to cross a resonance for Indian society. With great compassion to all beings wounded Buddha was in no hurry to enter Nirvana in the world spreading the Dharma. Exalted lot of people have to capital from many classes of society, such as class Sat-base-profit, caste Brahmin, to the outcasts of society. Many people belonging to lower caste, despicable, after taking refuge in the Dharma not only become the typical personality be respected and respect. Special characters such as Angulimala, was already notorious killer but after becoming monks also-anonymous Persian king revered offerings. As Sunita was cleaning toilets, Svati the fishing mechanic, who cowherd Nanda, Upali the barber, Ambapali the female century, Vimala is a prostitute, Purna is the son of the slave woman, Chapa human hunters, these are typical examples to articulate the spirit of equality in the social class of Buddhism. 2. Influence of the Sangha for gender equality ideology


































































































A major influence of the Buddhist Sangha is a revolution in gender, in that time countless countries around the world have plenty of injustice, oppression, gender discrimination which is thought "Male-female experience." Yet the Buddha was accepted for monastic women knowing the condition and character of the woman is very difficult to practice celibate life. He gave France disrespect for women, because in that situation the first woman was ordained please her Ma-ha-ba-ba-theme-bar, she was the queen of the king of the Pure-Sanskrit and Di form of Buddhism. Buddha not because of male experience that women bring disrespect France that he has the means to avoid trouble later spread dharma. And when the woman left home, practice can also experience the results as men. Without getting into the sangha women will ignore even the women are very good and capable attained Arhat.
A full range of social injustice, ignorance and being ignorant karma, so the preaching of including the creation of a good society, the moral man, with a healthy lifestyle, the policy aims to build an ideal society in the spirit of peace, peaceful, non-violent not hatred, it's alive in the spirit quartet immeasurable: love, compassion, sympathetic joy and discharge in accordance with the Buddha's teachings. Lifestyle does not only apply to people in society Buddha that until now it is still the ideal golden rule for every period of human society, especially in our modern times.END=VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY=THICH CHAN TANH.THE MIND OF ENLIGHTMENT.WORLD VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST ORDER=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=GOLDEN LOTUS MONASTERY=THE EIGHTFOLD PATH.NAM MO SAKYA MUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.2/11/2014.